人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions 图文单词解析课件(共109张PPT)

(共109张PPT)
Unit 4
图文单词解析
Confucius
[k n'fju s]
孔子
Temple of Confucius
Cemetery of Confucius
孔庙
孔林（墓地）
mansion
[ m n n]
n. 公馆；宅第
cemetery
[ sem tri]
n. 墓地；公墓
philosophy
[f l s fi]
n. 哲学
descendant
[d send nt]
n. 后裔；后代；子孙
Chinese descendant
炎黄子孙
She is a descendant of Ghengis Khan.
她是成吉思汗的后代。
4.individual adj. 单独的；个别的 n. 个人
individual difference个体差异
①We interviewed each individual member of the community .
我们采访了社区中的每个成员。
②The competition is open to both teams and individuals.
团队和个人均可参加比赛。
同根词 individually adv. 分别地；单独地
heel
[hi l]
n. 足跟；（脚、袜子、鞋等的）后跟
Achilles’ heel
[ kili:z]
（喻）（希腊神话）
阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
kingdom
[ k d m]
n. 王国；领域
5. kingdom n.王国；领域；管辖范围
the United Kingdom 联合王国
拓展： kingpin 主要人物 kingship 王位
king-size 特大的 kingfisher 翠鸟
chief
[t i f]
adj. 最重要的；最高级别的
n. （公司或机构的）首领；酋长
6. chief adj. 最重要的;最高级别的=most important ; mian
n. (公司或机构的)首领; 酋长(复数: chiefs)
同根词 ：主要地 adv. chiefly
拓展：the chief problem/reason: 主要问题/原因(理由)
CEO = Chief Executive（adj.行政的，） Officer
①According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country
根据课文，学习一个国家的历史的两个主要优势是什么
puzzle
[ p zl]
n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问
vt. 迷惑；使困惑
1.
1. He wore a expression, maybe the problem was quite __________________.
2. Some people are puzzled ________ the fact that he is still single.
3. _________________（使我困惑的是）is that I don’t know the exact time for the test.
by
puzzled／confused
puzzling/confusing
What puzzles me
nearby
[ n ba ]
adj. 附近的；邻近的
adv. 在附近
join … to …
[略]
把……和……连接或联结起来
break away
(from sb/sth)
[略]
脱离；背叛；逃脱
(1) break away from 脱离；背叛；逃脱
(2) break up 打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂
(3) break down 出故障；垮掉；失败
(4) break into 破门而入；突然......起来（及物动词短语）
(5) break in 破门而入；打断，插嘴（不及物动词短语）
(6) break out (战争、洪水、火灾等)突然发生，爆发
break away from
(1) The Union first consisted of several countries, which broke away ______ it later because of conflicts.
(2) It was the fact that his car broke ______ on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.
(3) ---I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken _____.
---So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
(4) We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken ______the office during the night.
单句语法填空
down
from
into
up
belong to
[略]
属于
11.belong
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work…(P40)
①Where do these plates belong？
这些盘子_______哪里？
②Paper－cutting has a history of over 1,500 years, belonging to traditional art in China．
剪纸有1,500多年的历史，______中国传统艺术。
③She packed a few of her belongings in a bag and left．
她把她的几件____装进包里便离开了。
属于
vi. 应在（某处）；适应
东西
应放在
belongings n. 附属品；财物
belong to 属于…;是…的成员/一部分
不用于被动语态和进行时态
belonging to做后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句
belong to
属于…;是…的成员/一部分
①belong to不用于被动语态和进行时态。
②belonging to做后置定语时，相当于含有belong to的定语从句。
③belong to中的to是介词，后接名词或代词作宾语，但不能接名词所有格或名词性物主代词。
belongings n. 附属品；财物
a sense of belonging
归属感
归纳：
(1)单句语法填空
①The house had belonged ________ her family for three or four generations．
②Many of her personal ___________ (belong) had been stolen．
(2)单句写作
离开教室之前记得带走属于你的所有东西。
belongings
to
②Remember to take everything _________________ you
before leaving the classroom.（用定从）
①Remember to take everything_________________ you before leaving the classroom.
belonging to
that belongs to
as well as
[略]
同（一样也）；
和；还
12.as well as同(一样也);和;还
拓展：(1)as well as“既……又……”,可连接两个平行结构。连接两个名 词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式与as well as之前的主语一致。
(2)as well“也;又;还”,常放在句子末尾,作为副词短语使用。
(3)may/might as well do sth倒不如做某事;不妨做某事
①Amy,as well as her brothers,　　　　　　　(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
②The deadline for the project is around the corner,so we 　　　　　as well get some help.
③As well as 　　　　　(have)difficulty adapting herself to the new school life,she found the culture difference was another challenge for her.
注：as well as 用作介词，相当于besides, in addition to ,意思是“除...之外”，后面常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。
was given
may/might
having
currency
[ k r nsi]
n. 通货；货币
British currency went metric in 1971.
military
[ m l tri]
adj. 军事的；军用的
defence
[d fens]
n. 防御；保卫
15 .defend v. 防御，保护，辩解，辩护→ defence n 防御；保卫
拓展：defend ... against/from... 保卫......免受......
defend against防御
defend oneself 自卫；自我辩护；
in defence of... 为保卫......；为......辩护
What points can be raised in defence of this argument.
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护？
温馨提示：与defend ... from / against ... 用法类似的还有：prevent ... (from) ...;
stop ... (from) ...; keep ... from ...;protect ... from / against ...
在被动语态中from都不可省略。
legal
[ li ɡl]
adj. 法律的；合法的
16 legal ['li g( )l]adj. 法律的;合法的;法定的
拓展：legally adv. 法律上；合法地
illegally adv.不合法地
It is legal to do sth 做某事是合法的
①(2019浙江) 出于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止转送厨余食物的政策。
For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste.
②(2017天津)它将把无人驾驶汽车置于与人类司机同等的法律地位。
It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers.
surround
[s ra nd]
vt. 围绕；包围
17 surround vt.围绕;包围
(1)surround...with...用……包围……
be surrounded by/with被……包围
(2)surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
surroundings n.环境
17 surround vt.围绕;包围
①This county is surrounded 　　　　　rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
②The 　　　　　(surround)villages have been included into the growing city.
③The buildings have been designed to blend in with their _____________
(surround).
注：surroundings用复数形式，主要指周围的具体物质环境。
environment 是集合名词单数，既可表示抽象概念，也可表示具体意义，指对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。
by/with
surrounding　
surroundings　
evidence
[ ev d ns]
n. 证据；证明
18 evidence n. 证据，根据，证明
拓展：evident adj. 清楚的；明白的；显而易见的
evidently adv. 明显地；显然地
寻找证据:look for/search for evidence
找到证据:find evidence
（出庭）作证: give evidence
一项证据:a piece of evidence
. evidence n. 证据；证明
(1) There is evidence _____ global climate is getting warmer.
(2) _______________(很明显) they have experience in this work.
It’s evident that… 很明显……
that
It’s evident that
There is some/no evidence that... 有证据证明…
in evidence 显眼；显而易见
achievement
[ t i vm nt]
n. 成就；成绩；达到
2. achievement n. 成就；成绩；达到
achieve one’s goal实现某人的目标
achieve one’s success取得成功
a sense of achievement成就感
(1) 他终于实现了目标，成为一名钢琴家。
He eventually _____________________________________.
(2) We __________________________ (感到成就感) when
we reached the top of the mountain.
achieved his goal of becoming a pianist
felt a sense of achievement
location
[l ke n]
n. 地方；地点；位置
conquer
[ k k (r)]
vt. 占领；征服；控制
battle
[b tl]
n. 战役；搏斗
vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗
port
[p t]
n. 港口（城市）
fascinating
[ f s ne t ]
adj. 极有吸引力的；迷人的
keep your eyes open (for)
[略]
留心；留意
charge
[t ɑ d ]
]
n. 收费；指控；主管
vt. 收费；控告；充电
24.charge n.收费;指控;主管　vt.收费;控告;充电
拓展：(1)charge sb with sth因某事控告某人
charge sb for sth向某人索取……的费用
(2)free of charge/for free 免费
in charge(of)主管;负责;照顾
in the charge of/in one’s charge由某人负责;由某人管理
take charge of掌管;负责;看管
①We have enough confidence to charge you 　　　　　abuse of power.
②The generous owner of the pub charged us only a small amount of money
　　　　　wine and beer.
③Your order will be delivered free 　　　　　charge within a ten-mile limit.
④He can’t take charge 　　　　　the computer company because it is beyond his ability.
with　
for　
of　
of　
(1) Your order will be sent free ____ charge.
(2) She took charge ____ the family business, when her
father died.
(3) She has yet to be charged ______ any crime.
(4) The girl was safely in _____ charge of a nurse.
of
of
with
the
这家公司在格林小姐的掌管之下。
①Miss Green is the company.
②The company is Miss Green.
③The company is .
in charge of
in the charge of
in Miss Green’s charge
announce
[ na ns]
vt. 宣布；通知；声称
announcement n. 通告;宣告
announcer n. 广播员；播音员
announce sth. to sb 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that 据宣布...
make an announcement 宣布
16.announce v.宣布；通知；声称
②announce sth. to sb. /announce to sb. sth. /announce to sb. that
③as is announced
①Professor Wang is announced ___ ____ (come) to make a speech about his adventures at sea.
②I will always ___________ my goals _____ the world.(announce)
③单句写作：正如新闻所说，78岁的拜登(Biden)将成为美国的新一届总统。
向某人宣布
正如宣布的那样
to come
announce
to
_____________ in the news,the 78-year-old Biden will become the new president of the United States.
As is annouced
amount
[ ma nt]
n. 金额；数量
[ ma nt]
a large amount of +不可数 大量，许多（谓单）
large amounts of +不可数 大量，许多（谓复）
1)A large amount of water ______(have) been polluted.
2)Large amounts of water ______ (have) been polluted.
the amount of
...的总数量
8.amount n. 金额；数量
has
have
amount to
等于；达到
25.amount n.金额;数量　v.总计,共计;相当于,等于
（2)amount to等于;达到
“许多/大量……”集合:
a number of只接可数名词复数。
a great deal of,a great amount of(large amounts of)只接不可数名词。
a lot of(lots of),plenty of,a large quantity of(large quantities of)既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。
①Large amounts of honey and butter 　　　　　(be)used to make this kind of snack.
②A large amount of money 　　　　　(be)spent on the construction of the school last year.
③The total sales of the company didn’t amount 　　　　　more than a million dollars.
were　
was　
to　
gallery
[ ɡ l ri]
n. （艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊
approach
[ pr t ]
n. 方法；途径；接近
vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理
vi. 靠近
读句子，感受approach的词性, 词义及相关用法：
1) As you approach the town, you'll see the college on the left.
2) What's the best way of approaching this problem
3) Spring is approaching.
4) In my view, the best approach to working out is to go jogging every day.
vt. 接近
vt. 着手处理
vi. 靠近
n. 方式
6.approach v.& n.
approach 用法归纳:
(1) approach vt . 接近；接洽；着手处理
approach the house 走近房子
approach the problem/matter 处理问题
(2) approach n. 方法；途径；接近
the approach of ... ......的来临/临近
at the approach of 在......快到的时候
an approach to (doing) sth.（做）某事的方法/方式
(3) approachable adj. 可接近的；和蔼可亲的；易理解的
approaching adj. 接近的；逼近的
[易混辨析]: approach，way，method，means
※approach除了意为“方法”之外，还有“接近；途径”的意思，常用 an/the approach to＋n./doing sth.
※way使用范围广，常用于具体事物或口语中；前面与in搭配，后面接to do/of doing。
※method指条理的、系统的办法；前面与with搭配，后面接of＋n. /doing
※means指实现目的的手段或使用某种交通工具的方式；前面与by搭配，后面接of doing
in the way to do/of doing sth.
with the method of + n./doing sth.
by the means of doing sth.
(1) What we need are new approaches _____ solving the problem.
(2) Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to __________ (work) things out.
(3) _____ this way, we can get along with each other happily and peacefully.
(4) However, there are also some problems _______ this teaching method.
单句语法填空
working
to
In
At the approach of
完成句子
with
___________________(......快到的时候) the interview, he became rather nervous and upset.
ensure
[ n (r)]
vt. 保证；确保；担保
landscape
[ l ndske p]
n. （陆上，尤指乡村的）风景
generous
[ d en r s]
adj. 慷慨的；大方的；
丰富的
butter
[ b t (r)]
n. 黄油；奶油
vt. 涂黄油于
honey
[ h ni]
n. 蜂蜜
ancestor
[ nsest (r)]
n. 祖宗；祖先
position
[p z n]
n. 位置；姿态；职位
vt. 安装；安置
courtyard
[ k tjɑ d]
n. 庭院；院子
snack
[sn k]
n. 点心；小吃
eager
[ i ɡ (r)]
adj. 热切的；渴望的
29.eager adj.渴望的;热切的
拓展：(1)be eager to do sth渴望做某事
be eager for sth渴望得到某物
(2)eagerly adv.热切地;急切地
(3)eagerness n.热切;渴望
with eagerness热切地;急切地
hide one’s eagerness掩饰某人的渴望
①As soon as we came to the new city,we found ourselves eager
　　　　　　(have)a taste of local snacks and beer.
②The young man was eager 　　　　　a car after he graduated from college.
to have
for　
poet
[ p t]
n. 诗人
county
[ ka nti]
（英国、爱尔兰的）郡；
（美国的）县
feast
[fi st]
n. 盛宴；宴会；节日
roll
[r l]
vi. & vt. （使）翻滚；
（使）滚动
n. 卷（轴）；翻滚
30. roll v.（使）翻滚 （使）滚动 n. 卷轴；翻滚； 小面包条 ；脂肪；名单
拓展：a roll of film 一卷胶卷
a forward roll 前滚翻
roll in 大量涌入
roll down 滚下
①The ball rolled down the hill. 球滚下了山。
②Wallpaper is sold in rolls . 壁纸按卷销售
dot
[d t]
点；小（圆）点
vt. 加点；遍布
cattle
[ k tl]
n. 牛
roar
[r (r)]
vi. & n. 吼叫；咆哮
ocean
[ n]
n. 大海；海洋
scent
[sent]
n. 气味；气息
greet
[ɡri t]
vt. 问候；迎接
pub
[p b]
n. 酒吧；酒馆
wine
[wa n]
n. 葡萄酒；果酒
beer
[b (r)]
n. （一杯）啤酒
stew
[stju ]
n. 炖菜（有肉和蔬菜）
vt. & vi. 炖；煨
custom
[ k st m]
风俗；习俗；习惯
sensory
[ sens ri]
adj. 感觉的；感官的
striking
[ stra k ]
adj. 引人注目的；
显著的
33.striking adj. 引人注目的;显著的）
拓展：strike : （strike -- struck --- struck/stricken）
罢工; 侵袭; 重创; 打; 碰撞;
打动; 敲钟; (钟)打点/报时
①A striking image.引人注目的形象
②There is a striking difference betweenTom and Peter. 区别很大
transition
[tr n z n]
n. 过渡；转变；变迁
crowd
[kra d]
n. 人群；一群人；民众
vt. 挤满；使……拥挤
34 crowd n.人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使拥挤
拓展：a crowd of/crowds of :一大群; 很多
crowd into sth: 大批涌入...
crowded : adj. 拥挤的; 挤满的
be crowded with...: 挤满…
①Crowds of people poured into the street.人们成群结队涌上街头。
Wales
[we lz]
威尔士（英国）
Scotland
[ sk tl nd]
苏格兰（英国）
Northern Ireland
[ n n a l nd]
北爱尔兰（英国）
Anglo-Saxon
[ ɡl s ksn]
盎格鲁—撒克逊人
Viking
[ va k ]
n. 维京人；北欧海盗
the Normans
[ n m nz]
诺曼人
Battle of Hastings
[ he st z]
黑斯廷斯战役
Roman
[ r m n]
adj. 古罗马的；罗马的
n. 古罗马人；罗马市民
Van Gogh
[v n g ]
梵高（荷兰画家）
the Emerald Isle
[ he st z]
绿宝石岛
（爱尔兰的别称）
Irish
[ a r ]
adj. 爱尔兰的；
爱尔兰人（或语）的
n. 爱尔兰语
感谢
聆听