课件26张PPT。聚焦中考——英语（普版）第27讲
动词和动词短语【名题实战】
1．—Tommy，don't make a mess in your room.
—OK，mum.I will __B__ my toys at once.(2013，义乌)
A．take out B．put away
C．play with D．look for
2．He __C__ an English club last year and has improved his English a lot.(2013，天津)
A．protected B．produced
C．joined D．received
3．—Whose book is this?
—It __D__ our geography teacher's.You see，his name is on it.(2013，烟台)
A．can't be B．can be
C．mustn't be D．must be
4．It seems that the aged people __A__ the H7N9 more easily from the recent cases.(2013，武汉)
A．pick up B．mix up
C．set up D．use up
5．__C__ a light when necessary.You will bring light to other people and yourself.(2013，河南)A．Try on B．Get on C．Turn on D．Put on
6．Oh，it __B__ so nice.What beautiful music it is！(2013，重庆)
A．smells B．sounds C．tastes D．looks
7．—How many English words do you think I should know?
—As many as you __C__．Then you will find reading quite easy.(2013，丽水，金华)
A．will B．must C．can D．might
8．The local people like that Italian restaurant because it __D__ both delicious food and good service.(2013，东营)
A．uses B．wants C．shares D．provides
【考点梳理】
动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度越来越受到重视。考查的范围有：行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语间的辨析。大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
1．第三人称单数形式的构成
①一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。②不规则变化的有have—has等。
2．现在分词的构成
3.过去式和过去分词的构成
①规则变化
②不规则变化需单独记忆。
高频考向一 实义动词词义辨析
实义动词。能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句子句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
①动词＋宾语
如：I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)
②动词＋宾语＋宾补
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
2．不及物动词
①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。
如：He always studies hard。他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)
②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。
③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)
【例1】—I've left my keys in the meeting room.Please________them for me.
—All right.(2013，绍兴)
A．buy B．paint
C．wash D．fetch
解析：由语境可知，说话者把钥匙忘在了会议室里，请听话者帮忙去取一下。fetch意为“去取(某物)”，符合语境。
答案：__D__
【例2】Why are you________a T-shirt？You'll probably catch a cold in this very cold weather.(2013，枣庄)A．wearing B．recycling
C．pulling D．selling
解析：由语境可知句意为“你为什么穿着一件T恤衫？在这样非常寒冷的天气里你可能会感冒”。wear“穿”；recycle“回收利用”；pull“拉，拖”；sell“卖”。
答案：__A__
【例3】—What does the instruction say?
—The colors in the dress will________if you use hot water.(2013，武汉)
A．fall B．appear
C．run D．shine
解析：fall“摔下，落下”；appear“显现；出现”；run“跑；褪色”；shine“发光；闪耀”。根据生活常识可知，有些衣服如果用热水洗会褪色。答案：__C__
高频考向二 系动词和助动词的用法
1．系动词。
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。
2．助动词。
本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，do，does，did，will和shall等。【例4】—What do you think of the Zongzi?
—They ________ delicious.Are they made by your mother？(2013，宜宾)
A．sound B．taste C．feel D．look
解析：由语境可知“粽子应该是尝起来很美味”。sound“听起来”；taste“尝起来”；feel“感觉”；look“看起来”。
答案：__B__
【例5】—Do you like watching TV?
—No，but my brother________.
A．does B．do C．is D．likes
解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。
答案：__A__
高频考向三 情态动词的用法情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1．can(could)
①表能力，could表过去的能力。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
②表可能性。
③表许可。口语中可代替may。
④can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。
2．may(might)
①用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
②表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。
3．must
①表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。注：have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。
must本身的否定形式mustn't意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。
②表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定的多。
4．would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。
5．should
①表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
②表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
【例6】—Are you in a hurry?
—No，I've got plenty of time.I________wait.(2013，盐城)
A．can B．can't C．must D．mustn't
解析：can“可以，能够”；can't“不能”；must“一定，必须”；mustn't“不允许，禁止”。由语境可知答语为“我有许多时间，我可以等。”
答案：__A__
【例7】—May I play computer games now，Mom?
—No，you________finish your homework first.(2013，临沂)
A．must B．can C．could D．may
解析：must“必须”；can“能，可以”；could“能，可以”；may“可以”。根据对话情景“妈妈，现在我可以玩电脑游戏吗？”“不能。”可知，本句句意为“你必须先完成你的家庭作业”，故用must，表示命令。
答案：__A__
【例8】—Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you，Dad?
—No，you________，son，you're free to make your own decision.(2013，上海)
A．can't B．mustn't C．shouldn't D．needn't
解析：对“Must I．..？”句型的否定回答应为“No，you needn't.”或“No，you don't have to.”
答案：__D__
【例9】—Someone is knocking at the door.Is it Ann?
—It________be her.She is giving a performance at the theater now.(2013，广东)
A．may B．must C．can't D．mustn't
解析：由答语第二句“她现在在剧院进行表演”说明敲门的一定不是她。may“可能是”，表示把握性不大的推测；must“一定是”，表示肯定推测；can't“不可能是”，用于有把握的否定推测；mustn't表示“千万别，一定别”。
答案：__C__
高频考向四 动词短语
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定词语。其意义上与原来动词不同。
1．动词短语的分类：
①动词＋介词
arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for
②及物动词＋副词
find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over
③不及物动词＋副词
get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)
④动词＋副词＋介词
get on (along) with，catch up with，come up with，go on with，look forward to
⑤动词＋名词＋介词
take part in，make friends with，take care of
⑥be＋形容词＋介词
be good at，be interested in，be good for，be worried about
2．初中阶段常用短语如下：
①look短语
look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往；look at看着；look up抬头看，查找……，look into 调查；look out当心；look like看起来像；look the same看起来一样；look through浏览
②put短语
put off推迟；put on 穿上，上演；put away 把……暂时收起来；put out扑灭；put down写下；put back放回；put up 举起，建造，张贴。
③turn短语
turn on打开；turn off关掉；turn up把音量开大一点；turn down把音量开小一点；turn to朝向；turn into变成；turn over翻开，翻转；turn… into…把……变成……。
④get短语
get on/along(well)with与某人相处(融洽)；get up起床；get on上车(船、飞机、马)；get off下车(船、飞机、马)；get back回去；get back to回到；get away离开，逃脱；get down下来；get home到家；get into进入，陷入；get out(of)(从……)出去；get to到达；get together聚会。
⑤take短语
take off(飞机)起飞，脱掉(衣服)；take in吸收，上当；take away拿走；take out取出；take on雇佣，呈现；take down取下；take up占据时间、空间，开始从事，拿起。
⑥agree短语
agree with同意某人的(意见、想法、分析、解释)；agree to同意(计划、办法)；agree to do sth.同意做某事。
⑦go短语
go over温习，复习；go swimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing/hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进；go out出去，熄灭；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go up上升，攀登；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为……而去；go on继续；go through经历；go to school去上学；go home回家；go to the doctor去看医生。
⑧come短语
come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come down下来；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come into use开始使用；come on快，得啦，跟着来，加油。
⑨give短语
give up放弃；give off放出、发出(气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)；give out精疲力竭、累倒，耗尽、用完；give away泄露，赠送；give in屈服，让步，投降。
⑩make短语
make a decision作出决定；make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make friends with与……交朋友；make up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成；make a face做鬼脸。
?be短语
be friendly/kind to对……友好；be different from与……不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受……欢迎；be interested in对……感兴趣；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in对某事严格；be famous/known as作为……出名；be famous/known for因……著名；be surprised at对……惊讶；be pleased with对……满意；be proud of对……感到自豪；be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌；be thankful/grateful to对某人感激；be good for对……有好处；be good at擅长于……；be made up of由……构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be fullof/filled with装满……；be late for迟到；be covered with覆盖着。
?call短语
call at拜访(后接地点)；call on拜访(后接被拜访的对象)，号召；call back回电话；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for 叫某人同往某处。
【例10】 —Why do you collect so many old bikes?
—I'll have them ________ and give away to the children who don't have bikes.(2013，菏泽)
A．used up B．given up C．fixed up D．set up
解析：句意为“我要把它们修理好送给那些没有自行车的孩子们”，use up“用完”；give up“放弃”；set up“建立”；fix up“修理”。
答案：__C__
【例11】We'll ________ an English play“Snow White”during this year's Art Festival.(2013，重庆)
A．look up B．look out C．put off D．put on
解析：look up“向上看；查找”；look out“小心；注意”；put off“推迟”；put on“穿上；上演”。由an English play(一部英语戏剧)可知与之搭配的短语应为put on(上演)。句意为“今年艺术节期间我们将上演一部英语戏剧《白雪公主》。”
答案：__D__
【例12】Ann is going on a tour of Xi'an，and she wants to________ Chinese history.(2013，江西)
A．dream of B．learn about
C．look through D．pass on
解析：dream of “梦到；梦想”；learn about“了解”；look through“浏览”；pass on“传递”。由前半句句意“安打算到西安旅行”可知，后半句句意为“她想了解中国的历史”。
答案：__B__
考点跟踪突破27 动词和动词短语
一、单项选择。
1．It will ________ several years to learn English well.(2013.绥化)
A．cost B．take C．spend
2．If we Chinese work hard together.China Dream will ________．(2013，遂宁)
A．come out B．come true C．achieve
3．—What can we do to ________ bird flu from spreading?
—Try not to buy or eat chickens that have not been checked.(2013，泉州)
A．prevent B．cause C．discover
4．Boy，your books are everywhere.Please ________．(2013，株洲)
A．put them up B．put them on
C．put them away
5．—The fire was finally ________ in Jilin province on June 3 Unfortunately，119 people lost their lives.
—I hope the accident like this won't happen again.(2013，咸宁)
A．put down B．put away
C．put out D．put up
6．If you want to change the world，you have to ________ yourself first.(2013，河南)
A．enjoy B．check C．help D．change
7．—Sam，my iPhone is in my bedroom.Could you ________ it for me?
—No problem.(2013，荆门)
A．bring B．fetch
C．take D．carry
8．One of the best ways for people to keep healthy is to ________ good eating habits.(2013，泰安)
A．grow B．develop
C．increase D．find
9．—Dinner is ready.Help yourself!
—Wow！It ________ delicious.You are really good at cooking.(2013，孝感)
A．looks B．sounds
C．tastes D．feels
10．—Alice，could you help me ________ the meat？I want to make some dumplings for dinner.
—OK.I'll do it right away.(2013，济南)
A．put up B．give up
C．use up D．cut up
11．—What are you packing so many books for，Grandma?
—I'll ________ to the kids in West China.(2013，威海)
A．give them up B．give them away
C．give them off D．give them in
12．Again and again the doctor ________ the crying baby girl，but he couldn't find out what was wrong with her.(2013，广东)
A．looked over B．looked after
C．looked for D．looked out
13．—________ I swim here?
—No，you ________.Look at the sign “No swimming”．(2013，广安)
A．Must；can't B．Can；don't
C．Can；mustn't D．Must；needn't
14．From March 23rd 2013，anyone under the age of 14 ________ go into Disney's US parks alone.(2013，连云港)
A．couldn't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．mightn't
15．—I think the girl under the tree must be Alice.
—No，it ________ be her.She is in the gym now.(2013，乌鲁木齐)
A．can't B．mustn't C．may D．may not
16．—Shall I take my swimming suit?
—No，you ________.We will just go hiking in the mountain.(2013，常州)
A．mustn't B．couldn't C．needn't D．can't
二、单词拼写。
根据首字母及汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写。
17．My parents and grandparents keep e________ (鼓励) me to study hard.
18．When we c________(比较) western culture with Chinese culture，you'll find many differences.
19．John went out and l________ (锁住) the door behind him.
20．These engineers successfully d________ (开发) a new kind of energy-saving car last year.
21．The little child is too young to d________ (穿衣) himself.Let's help him.
第27讲 动词
中考热身
1～5.BCDAC 6～8.BCD
考向导航
【例1】D 【例2】A 【例3】C 【例4】B 【例5】A
【例6】A 【例7】A 【例8】D 【例9】C 【例10】C
【例11】D 【例12】B
语法演练
一、1～5.BACCD 6～10.BCBAD 11～15.DCCBC
