2022-2023学年高三英语（人教版）二轮复习专题训练专题十三 阅读理解（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2022-2023学年高三英语（人教版）二轮复习专题训练专题十三 阅读理解（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-02-22 22:01:34 | ||
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专题十三 阅读理解
一、
Hot air balloon festivals are held annually in many places throughout the year. Here are some of the best hot air balloon festivals around the world.
The Saga Balloon Festival
More than 100 balloons from about 20 countries took part in the annual five-day competition and celebration in Saga, Japan, in 2019.
The most beautiful sight at the Saga Balloon Festival happens in the evenings. The balloons all light up at once and an extraordinary glow is reflected in the river.
The balloon festival in Saga takes place in early November.
The Leon Balloon Festival
The first Leon International Balloon Festival took place in 2002 with just 25 balloons. It is now the biggest balloon festival in Latin America. Like at other festivals, the balloons come in different colors and shapes.
The yearly balloon celebration takes place from November 15 to November 18.
The Albuquerque Balloon Festival
The biggest hot air balloon festival in the world takes place in the American city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. There are about 600 balloons and pilots from around the world.
The festival also appeals to photographers and it has long included a competition for best pictures of the celebration.
This festival takes place from the first weekend of October to the second weekend, lasting 9 days every year.
The Chateau-d'Oex Balloon Festival
The Chateau-d'Oex Hot Air Balloon Festival got its start in 1979, when 12 balloons from five countries gathered to promote Chateau-d'Oex at the suggestion of Hans Brücker. The festival grew over the years, and in 1999，the first hot air balloon to fly around the globe without stopping left from Chateau-d'Oex. These days the festival hosts a number of special events and contests, drawing balloonists from all over the world. The festivities include a unique children's themed night show with fireworks and music.
This festival takes place in the last week of January and lasts 5 days every year.
1.How many balloons were shown at the 2019 Saga International Balloon Festival
A. Only 20. B. Just 25. C. More than 100. D. About 600.
2.Which is the largest balloon festival in Latin America
A. The Leon Balloon Festival. B. The Saga Balloon Festival.
C. The Albuquerque Balloon Festival. D. The Chateau-d'Oex Balloon Festival.
3.What is special about Chateau-d'Oex Hot Air Balloon Festival
A. It is best known for colorful balloons.
B. It has a children's themed night show.
C. It starts the earliest and lasts the longest.
D. It draws balloonists from different countries.
二、
TikTok has appeared as a major starter of food trends—from mushroom coffee and pancake cereal to cloud bread. But there’s another trend dominating TikTok that’s become bigger than any of these viral recipes. That’s the whatieatinaday trend, which is nearing 9 billion views. These video food diaries are also popular on Instagram—typically featuring a wellness influencer or celebrity showing their foods they ate that day—often with a full-length yoga clothes mirror selfie.
The basic message these posts send is that if you eat like them, then you can eventually look like them. The posts are promoting the idea of a perfect or ideal day of eating, along with a perfect body size.
“Younger audience, especially girls and young women, accept the message that they must eat like these creators in order to achieve and maintain not only health, but also social attraction,” says Cara Harbstreet. “The biggest harm I see with this trend is that it normalizes disordered or restrictive eating behaviors. This could prevent someone struggling with an eating disorder from seeking and receiving support or treatment.”
Even if the “whatieatinaday posts are displaying a balanced day of eating, the message of “eat like me, and you will look like me” is harmful because people would not necessarily achieve the same body size as the Instagrammer even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite.
Rather than a day’s worth of food, many experts suggest posting a single meal instead. Rachael Hartley said an individual meal or recipe could serve as an idea or inspiration versus a full day of eating to copy.
I occasionally share “why late Wednesday posts, with the aim of showing a wide range of foods, including fast food, desserts, convenience foods and other foods that diet culture might dislike, as well as showing how to include nutrition in a gentle way,” she said.
Rachael says diet culture has changed our sense of how much is “normal” to eat at meals or snacks, so it can be helpful to see a full meal that shows a variety of foods.
4.What is paragraph I mainly about
A. The popularity of TikTok cooking classes.
B. The origin of the whatieatinaday trend.
C. The Internet hit of posting a whole-day diet.
D. The disagreement of selfies in yoga clothes.
5.Why is whatieatinaday trend harmful according to Cara Harbstreet
A. It makes people less attractive.
B. It confuses dieting with healthy eating.
C. It contributes to emotional disorder.
D. It restricts people’s choice to vegetables.
6.Which kind of posting would probably be preferred by experts
A. A big Sunday supper with various dishes.
B. A single meal with only convenient noodles.
C. Breakfast, lunch and dinner on a Wednesday.
D. A day’s meals with more vegetables than meat.
7.What is the purpose of this passage
A. To compare different eating habits.
B. To inform a standard posting method.
C. To argue against whatieatinaday posting.
D. To discuss the pros and cons of diet culture.
三、
A contact lens (隐形眼镜) that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.
Glaucoma is an eye disease that involves damage to the optic nerve, and can lead to blindness if not treated. According to the charity Glaucoma UK, the most common form of the disease, known as primary open angle glaucoma, is thought to affect almost 10% of people older than 75. This form is generally caused by increased pressure within the eye, usually as a result of a buildup of fluid.
Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug if the pressure transcends a certain level.
Writing in the journal Nature Communications, the team describe how they created the device using an upper and lower lens, with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them around the rim of the lenses. When the pressure inside the eye increases, the gap between the upper and lower lenses decreases. This is detected by the pressure sensor by means of a cantilever. The sensor then sends a signal to the wireless system which subsequently triggers the release of an anti-glaucoma drug, from a hydrogel attached to an electrode, and enables it to cross the cornea of the eye. The drug, brimonidine, acts to reduce the pressure within the eye.
The study reveals that the contact lenses have so far been tested on pigs’ eyes and on the eyes of living rabbits—albeit with smaller-sized lenses—although trials have yet to be carried out in humans. The researchers note the lenses are not only soft and minimally invasive but are also battery-free, adding that the approach could be expanded to help tackle other eye diseases.
Prof Zubair Ahmed from the Institute of Inflammation and Ageing at the University of Birmingham who was not involved in the work, said the research was potentially very exciting, adding that a rise in pressure within the eye was a significant problem for most people with glaucoma. “The materials required to create such contact lenses are inexpensive and soon could be mass-produced.” he added.
8.Who can probably get help from the contact lens
A. Those who are blind. B. Those who have glaucoma.
C. Those who are older than 75. D. Those who are under heavy pressure.
9.Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 3
A. Exceeds. B. Maintains. C. Lowers. D. Balances.
10.How did the team create the device
A. By crossing the cornea of the eye and then sending a signal.
B. By enlarging the gap between the upper and lower lenses.
C. By using brimonidine to increase the pressure within the eye.
D By employing pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device.
11.What can we learn about the contact lenses
A. They are safe but too costly.
B. They have been tested on humans.
C. They will be put on the market soon.
D. They need to be used with battery power.
四、
A Space Age “disaster of the commons” is unfolding right under our nose — or, really, right over our head. For more than half a century, humans have been casting objects into low-Earth orbit in ever growing numbers. And with few meaningful limitations on further launches, the general attitude has been permissive: in orbit, it seems, there is always room for one more.
After so many decades of the build-up of high-speed chaos in the form of spent rocket stages, low-Earth orbit is finally on the edge of becoming too crowded for comfort. And the problem tends to get much worse because of the rise of satellite “mega constellations (大星座)” requiring thousands of aircraft, such as SpaceX’s Starlink. Starlink is but one of many similar projects. Another mega constellation from a company called OneWeb is already being stationed. And Amazon’s Project Kuiper is seeking to create a mega constellation of up to 3,200 satellites in the near future.
The International Space Station regularly adjusts its orbit to avoid potentially risky debris (碎片). Worse yet, there has been an increase in the threat of full-on collisions. Consider the February 2009 run-in between a dead Russian satellite and a commercial aircraft, which produced a great amount of debris.
Finding ways to remove at least some of all that space rubbish should be a top global priority, says Donald Kessler, a scientist for orbital debris research. In the late 1970s, he foretold the possibility of the Kessler conditions: as the mass of space trash increases, self-protecting runaway cycle of debris-generating collisions can arise, making low-Earth orbit too risky to support most space activities.
“There is now agreement within the community that the debris environment has reached a ‘tipping point’ where debris would continue to increase even if all launches were stopped,” Kessler says. “There are collisions taking place all the time — less noticeable and not in large numbers,” Kessler adds.
12.What can be concluded from paragraph 1
A.Humans are facing a space collision disaster.
B.General public are tolerant of the present situation in space.
C.Nothing has been done in space management.
D.Low-Earth orbit is in a high degree of order.
13.Why is mega constellation mentioned in paragraph 2
A.To explain the cause of the space jam.
B.To show the influence of the aircraft.
C.To stress the popularity of the space race.
D.To praise the efforts of famous companies.
14.What is Kessler’s attitude towards the debris environment
A.Ambiguous. B.Worried. C.Doubtful. D.Tolerant.
15.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A.Space Collisions Are Unavoidable
B.Space Development Needs to Stop
C.Space Activities Are Out of Control
D.Space Rubbish Arouses Concerns
五、
A breakthrough in electric vehicle (EV) battery design has enabled a 10-minute charge time for a typical EV battery. The record-breaking combination of a shorter charge time and more energy acquired for longer travel range was announced on Oct. 12 in the journal Nature.
“The need for smaller, faster-charging batteries is greater than ever,” said Wang, the William E. Diefenderfer Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Penn State and lead author on the study. “Because the critical raw (未经加工的）materials are short, there are not enough batteries to meet expected demand. ”
In August, California's Air Resources Board passed an extensive plan to restrict and ultimately ban the sale of gasoline-powered cars within the state. “If new car sales are going to shift to battery-powered electric vehicles,” Wang explained, “they’ll need to overcome two major drawbacks: They are too slow to recharge and too large to be efficient and affordable. Instead of taking a few minutes at the gas pump, depending on the battery, some EVs can take all day to recharge. ”
“Our fast-charging technology works for most energy-dense batteries and will open a new possibility to downsize electric vehicle batteries from 150 to 50 kWh without causing drivers to feel range anxiety,” said Wang, whose lab partnered with a power company to develop the technology. “The smaller, faster-charging batteries will dramatically cut down battery cost and usage of critical raw materials, enabling mass adoption of affordable electric cars.’’
“True fast-charging batteries would have immediate impact,” the researchers wrote. “Since there are not enough raw minerals for every internal combustion engine car to be replaced by a 150 kWh-equipped EV, fast charging is necessary for EVs to go mainstream.
“The study’s partner, the power company, is working to manufacture and commercialize the fast-charging battery for an affordable and sustainable future of vehicle electrification,” Wang said.
16.What is the EV battery market lacking
A.Vital substances. B.Critical technology.
C.High-end products. D.Scientific market survey.
17.Which is a disadvantage of the current EV battery
A.It has an ugly design. B.It's too small to offer power.
C.It has a very short service life. D.Recharging it is time-consuming.
18.What will Wang's technology bring about
A.Fierce market competition.
B.Wide use of affordable electric cars.
C.The disorder of the electric car market.
D.The disappearance of gas-powered cars.
19.What is the power company doing now
A.Researching and developing new EVs.
B.Looking for a new sustainable EVs market.
C.Making and marketing the fast-charging battery.
D.Identifying and producing critical raw materials.
六、
You improve your robot’s software by improving its software. Agrim Gupta of Stanford University, however, begs to differ. He thinks you can also improve a robot’s software by improving its hardware. He and his colleagues have invented a way of testing this idea.
They brought to their robots, unimals, the principles of evolution (进化) by natural selection. Unimals, with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs, are software beings interacting with a virtual environment. The environments where they wandered were in three varieties: flat grounds, grounds with hills and steps, and ones that had the complexities of the second sort, but with added objects.
To begin with, the unimals were randomly assigned various shapes, but with identical software— derl. Newly created unimals learned to face the challenges in a virtual bootcamp. They were then entered into tournaments in groups. Each group winner was awarded one mutation (变异) —one extra arm or leg, or one extra turning in a joint. The new replaced the oldest unimal and then was assigned to a new group, and the process repeated. About 4,000 varieties of them underwent training.
The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved. Crucially, though, the researchers found the most successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their oldest ancestors had taken, and that those evolving in the toughest grounds were the most successful.
In this evolution of unimals’ morphology (形态) to promote the ability to learn, Dr Gupta sees a version of something called the Baldwin effect. In 1896 James Baldwin, a psychologist, argued that minds evolve to make the best use of the morphologies of the bodies. What Dr Gupta has shown, though in software, is that the opposite can also be true — changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work. Even though he held the software constant, it became more efficient at learning as the unimals’ bodies evolved.
Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen. But the way of testing is certainly an out-of-the-box idea.
20.How was the test conducted
A.By promoting Unimals’ learning. B.By adjusting the environments.
C.By proving the evolution theory. D.By stimulating unimals’ mutation.
21.What turned out to be surprising in the test
A.The number of trained unimals.
B.The decline in time for learning tasks.
C.The variety of evolved shapes.
D.The replacement of old unimals.
22.What can be concluded from the test
A.Mind evolution affects body shaping.
B.Body changes better mind work.
C.Hardware changes do not impact software.
D.The discovery is useful in robot development.
23.What’s the author’s attitude to the finding
A.Negative. B.Objective. C.Indifferent. D.Approving.
七、
It's long been popular advice for people looking to lose weight to avoid late night eating. It's no wonder, with a host of research showing that late night eating is linked to greater body weight. But until now, few studies have actually investigated why. This is what a recent US study set out to uncover.
Researchers had 16 participants follow two different meal schedules, each for a period of six days in total. The first group had their meals early in the day with the last meal consumed six hours and 40 minutes before bedtime. The second group had their daily meals four hours later. This meant they skipped breakfast and instead had lunch, dinner and an evening meal. Their last meal was consumed only two and a half hours before sleep. All the participants consumed an identical diet, and all of their meals were equally spaced with around four hours between them.
The researchers looked at three measures associated with weight gain：the influence of appetite, the impact of eating time on calories burned, and changes of fat tissue. They found that compared to an early eating pattern, late eating not only increased feelings of hunger the following day, it also increased the rate of “hunger” hormones（激素）in the blood. Late eating also caused a decrease in calories burned the following day. Fat tissue samples taken from the participants also showed the increased fat storage. These results indicate that late eating could lead to weight gain.
Given that the study was only conducted on a limited number of participants and over a very short time, more research will be needed to further understand whether these changes are only temporary, and what effects long-term late night eating can have on the weight gain mechanisms（机制）.
Anyway this study adds to a growing body of evidence showing just how important meal timing can be when it comes to body weight. Therefore, people who are watching their weight may want to ditch the late night snacks and favour eating most of their meals earlier.
24.What is the study designed to do？
A.To provide suggestions on losing weight.
B.To prove the findings of the past research.
C.To explore why a late night meal causes weight gain.
D.To figure out a better meal schedule
25.What do we know about the second group in the study？
A.They had breakfast four hours later than normal.
B.They had daily meals roughly every four hours.
C.Their meals differed from those of the first group.
D.Their late night meal lasted for about 150 minutes.
26.Which of the following is a result of late eating？
A.The slow intake of nutrition.
B.The end in feeling hungry.
C.The increase in blood pressure.
D.The greater accumulation of fat.
27.What is the limitation of the study？
A.A small number of participants and trial days.
B.The different eating times in the two groups.
C.Lack of more measures related to weight gain.
D.Limited tissue samples taken from volunteers.
八、
Nobody likes waiting in long lines at amusement parks, especially when you are with babies. Disneyland or Disney World are known for their splendid rides, attractions and large crowds as well. The familiar result is that many guests have spent a lot of time just waiting on lines while visiting the theme parks, which annoys the majority.
Until recently, both parks have made use of the FastPass system to keep guests moving. On certain rides, park-goers could obtain a ticket that allowed them to come back within a specific time window. At that point, they would wait on a special line for seating. As explained in a recent YouTube share, the system worked similarly to a real queue. Instead of waiting in line, guests could continue to explore the park and, most importantly for Disney, spend more money at shops and restaurants.
While the FastPass system became popular, usage ended during the recent pandemic (流行病). With both the California and Florida theme parks operating at reduced visiting number, the space taken up by FastPass kiosks was instead used for socially distanced lines.
In its place, Disney has developed a new planning tool called Disney Genie. The online app, which became available in Disney World in October, allows guests to create a path for their visit. By using park data that’s updated throughout the day, the app will help guests plan out their visit so that they can hit the rides and attractions that they want in the most convenient way. Guests using the app pay an extra fee and get the option to book the next available time to ride select attractions.
28.What may upset most visitors of Disney
A.Fewer attractions. B.High prices at restaurants.
C.Poor equipment in theme parks. D.Waiting in lines for most of the time.
29.What does the underlined word “obtain” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Get. B.Buy. C.Earn. D.Find.
30.What does FastPass system bring about
A.Lower ticket fees. B.Less visitors in Disney.
C.Extra income at shops in Disney. D.Having a comfortable and better seat.
31.Where is the text most likely from
A.A diary. B.A text book. C.A novel. D.A magazine.
九、
Plenty, an agricultural technology company in San Francisco, is reinventing farms and farming. Nater Storye, the company's chief science officer says the future of the farms will be vertical（垂直的）and indoors, so food can be grown anywhere in the world all year round, and farms will employ robots and artificial intelligence （AI）to improve the quality of growth for fruits and vegetables. Plenty does all these things but uses 95% less water and 99%less land.
As AI is on the rise, farmers on flat farms have been using new tools to make farming better or easier. In recent years, they have been using drones（无人机）and robots to improve crop maintenance. However, lat farms still use a lot of water and land, while a Plenty's vertical farm can produce the same quantity of fruits and vegetables as a 720-acre flat farm, but on only 2 acres.
Plenty's climate-controlled indoor farm has rows of plants growing vertically, hung from the ceiling. There are LED lights shining on them, robots moving them around, and AI managing all the variables of water, temperature, and light. The conditions are so good that the yield per acre is 400 times higher than that of an outdoor farm.
Another advantage of vertical farming is that the fruits and vegetables are grown at a warehouse nearby instead of 1,000 miles away or more from a city. That means many transportation miles are saved, which can reduce millions of tons of yearly CO2 emissions and the price of fruits and vegetables will also go down. Imported fruits and vegetables are more expensive, so poor people in society are at an extreme nutritional disadvantage. Vertical farms could cope with this problem.
Also, Plenty's farms grow organic crops without using herbicides or pesticides. They recycle all the water used, even catching the evaporated water in the air. The best farm in San Francisco is using 100% renewable energy.
Moreover, all the packaging is 100%recyclable, made of recycled plastic and specially designed to keep the food fresh longer to reduce food waste.
Ideally, the company will branch out, opening farms across the country and beyond.
32.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？
A.Robots and AI used on vertical farms can quicken the growth of plants.
B.Fruits and vegetables grown on vertical farms are more nutritious.
C.Both land and water can be saved on vertical farms.
D.Plenty is the first company in the world to grow crops on vertical farms.
33.What does the underlined phrase "cope with" in paragraph 4 mean？
A.Analyze. B.Clarify. C.Present. D.Tackle.
34.What can we infer about Plenty's future vertical farms from the text？
A.They will only be run by robots and AI.
B.They will be expanded on a larger scale.
C.They will bring about potential problems.
D.They will completely take the place of flat farms.
35.What is the main purpose of the text？
A.To evaluate the possibility of vertical farming.
B.To analyze the technologies of vertical farming.
C.To discuss the potential problems of vertical farming.
D.To introduce and explain the benefits of vertical farming.
十、
Throughout history, many species of animals have been threatened with extinction. When Europeans first arrived in North America, more than 60 million buffalo (水牛) lived on the continent. Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal’s population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks.
Yet not all animals with commercial value face this threat (威胁).The cow, for example, is a valuable source of food, but no one worries that the cow will soon be extinct. Why does the commercial value of ivory threaten the elephant while the commercial value of beef protects the cow
The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods. Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. Because illegal hunters are numerous, each has only a slight motivation to preserve the elephant population. By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts.
Governments have tried to solve the elephant’s problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory. Yet these laws have been hard to put into effect, and elephant populations have continued to dwindle. By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property.
With private ownership and the profit motive now on its side, the African elephant might someday be as safe from extinction as the cow. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle pointed out the problem with common resources: “What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they possess in common with others.”
36.Why does the author mention buffalo in paragraph 1
A.To introduce a similar threat to elephants.
B.To provide an example of species extinction.
C.To offer an explanation for government policies.
D.To present the statistics of the buffalo in America.
37.Why do elephants face threats while cows are safe
A.They are under different law protection
B.They attract different groups of hunters
C.They contain different commercial value
D.They represent different ownership types
38.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Bans on killing elephants for ivory
B.Effective laws for elephant protection.
C.Methods of making elephants private goods
D.Government policies on the elephant’s problem
39.What can we learn from Aristotle’s words
A.People hold little regard for others’ property
B.People want to profit from common resources
C.People care more about their own possession
D.People tend to take what they own for granted
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据The Saga Balloon Festival一节中“More than 100 balloons from about 20 countries took part in the annual five day competition and celebration in Saga, Japan, in 2019.(2019年,来自约20个国家的100多个气球参加了在日本Saga举行的为期五天的年度比赛和庆祝活动。)”可知,有100多个气球参加了2019年的Saga气球节。故选C。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据The León Balloon Festival一节中“It is now the biggest balloon festival in Latin America.(它现在是拉丁美洲最大的气球节。)”可知,Leon气球节是拉丁美洲规模最大的。故选A。
3.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据The Chateau-d'Oex Balloon Festival一节中The festivities in dude a unique children's themed night show with fireworks and music.(庆祝活动包括一个独特的儿童主题夜间表演,有烟花和音乐。)可推断,Chateau-d'Oex气球节的独特之处在其以儿童活动为主题的晚间表演节目。故选B。
二、
4.答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的TikTok has appeared as a major starter of food trends—from mushroom coffee and pancake cereal to cloud bread. But there's another trend dominating TikTok that's become bigger than any of these viral recipes. That's the whatieatinaday trend, which is nearing 9 billion views.(TikTok已经成为食品趋势的主要开端—一从蘑菇咖啡和煎饼麦片到云面包。但是,还有另一种主导TikTok的趋势,它变得比任何这些病毒式食谱都要大。这是whatieatinaday趋势,接近90亿次观看。)可知,第一段主要讲述的是whatieatinaday趋势的根源是什么。故选B。
5.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The biggest harm I see with this trend is that it normalizes disordered or restrictive eating behaviors.(我看到这种趋势的最大危害是它使紊乱或限制性饮食行为正常化。)可知Cara Harbstreet认为"每天吃什么"是有害的原因在于它把紊乱的饮食习惯当做一种正常的行为。故选B。
6.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的Rather than a day's worth of food, many experts suggest posting a single meal instead.(许多专家建议发布一顿饭,而不是一天的食物。)可知,专家们可能更喜欢一顿只有方便面的单餐。故选B。
7.答案：C
解析：目的意图题。根据倒数第四段Even if the whatieatinaday posts are displaying a balanced day of eating, the message of "eat like me, and you will look like me" is harmful because people would not necessarily achieve the same body size as the Instagrammer even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite.(即使whatieatinaday帖子显示的是均衡的一天进食, "像我一样吃,你会看起来像我一样"的信息也是有害的,因为即使他们复制了他们吃的每一口,人们不一定能达到与Instagrammer相同的体型。)以及倒数第三段中的Rather than a day's worth of food, many experts suggest posting a single meal instead. Rachael Hartley said an individual meal or recipe could serve as an idea or inspiration versus a full day of eating to copy.(许多专家建议发布一顿饭,而不是一天的食物。Rachael Hartley说,一顿饭或食谱可以作为一个想法或灵感,而不是一整天的饮食来复制。)以及文章引用的其他专家的内容可知,写这篇文章的目的是为了说明the whatieatinaday trend是有害的。故选C。
三、
8.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段A contact lens that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.(科学家发明了一种隐形眼镜,如果它检测到眼睛内高压,就会释放药物。科学家称这种隐形眼镜有助于治疗青光眼。)可知,科学家认为这种隐性眼镜可辅助治疗青光眼,所以受众群体为青光眼患者,故选B。
9.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug should the pressure transcend a certain level.(中国的研究人员透露,他们已经开发出一种隐形眼镜,可以感知眼睛内的压力增加,如果压力transcend一定水平,就会释放一种抗青光眼药物。)可知,这款隐形眼镜可以感知眼压的升高,并在压力超过一定水平时释放抗青光眼药物。"increase"是提示词,可猜测transcend为超过的含义,"exceed"意为"超过",A.Exceeds超过;B.Maintains维持;C.Lowers降低;D.Balances平衡。故选A。
10.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段the team describe how they created the device using an upper and lower lens, with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them around the rim of the lenses.(该团队在《自然通讯》杂志上发表文章,描述了他们是如何使用上下透镜创造出这种设备的,在透镜的边缘,有一个雪花形状的压力传感器和无线能量传输装置夹在它们之间。)可知,研发团队在上下两块镜片之间的边缘夹着雪花状压力传感器和无线电力传输装置,故选D。
11.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段The materials required to create such contact lenses are inexpensive and soon could be mass–produced(制造这种隐形眼镜所需的材料很便宜,很快就可以批量生产。)可知,这款隐形眼镜很快就能大规模生产投人市场了,故选C。
四、
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的"the general attitude has been permissive: in orbit, it seems, there is always room for one more"可知, 人们普遍持一种宽容的态度, 认为轨道似乎总有足够的空间来容纳更多的物体。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是前两句可知, 近地轨道濒临过度拥堵的情况, 使这一问题变得越发严重的原因之一是"大星座"卫星的增加需要成千上万的航空器。由此可推知, 作者在第二段提到"大星座"是想解释导致太空拥堵的原因。故选A。
14.答案：B
解析：观点态度题。根据最后两段内容尤其是第四段第一句中的"Finding ways to remove at least some of all that space rubbish should be a top global priority(优先)"和第五段最后一句中的"There are collisions taking place all the time—less noticeable and not in large numbers"可知, 至少找到清除其中一些太空垃圾的方法应该是全球的一项首要任务。(太空垃圾的)碰撞一直在发生, 只是不明显, 而且数量不多。由此可推知, Kessler对于碎片环境持担忧的态度。故选B。
15.答案：D
解析：标题概括题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了发射进入太空的飞行器使近地轨道变得越来越拥挤, 而由此产生的大量太空垃圾引起了研究人员的担忧。D项是最适合本文的标题。故选D。
五、
16.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Wang说的话可知，电动汽车的电池市场缺少关键的原材料。
17.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，如果新车销售要向电池驱动的电动汽车转移，需要解决两 个主要问题:充电太慢和体积太大。
18.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，这种更小、充电速度更快的电池将大幅降低电池成本和减少关键 原材料的使用，使电动汽车得以大规模使用。
19.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，这家公司正致力于制造和商业化这种快速充电电池，以实现未 来汽车电动化的可负担性和可持续发展。
六、
20.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“They brought to their robots, unimals, the principles of evolution (进化) by natural selection. Unimals, with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs, are software beings interacting with a virtual environment. The environments where they wandered were in three varieties: flat grounds, grounds with hills and steps, and ones that had the complexities of the second sort, but with added objects.(他们给他们的机器人，unimals, 带来了自然选择的进化原则。Unimals的头是地球仪，四肢是棍子，它们是与虚拟环境互动的软件生物。它们漫游的环境有三种:平地，有山丘和台阶的地面，以及第二种复杂的环境，但添加了物品)”可知，通过调整环境，来进行试验。故选B。
21.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved.(研究小组对进化出的形状的多样性感到惊讶)”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。故选C。
22.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“What Dr. Gupta has shown, though in software, is that the opposite can also be true -- changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work.(古普塔博士的研究表明，尽管是在软件上,相反的情况也可能是真的一身体形态的改变可以改善大脑的工作方式)”可推知。身体的变化使大脑工作得更好。故选B.
23.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen. But the way of testing is certainly an out-of the-box idea.(这一发现是否能在机器人的开发中发挥作用还有待观察。但测试的方法确实是一个创新的想法)”可推知，作者对这一发现持客观的态度。 故选B.
七、
24.答案：C
解析：由第一段内容可知，开展这项研究的目的是弄清楚深夜进食导致体重增加的原因。故选C。
25.答案：B
解析：由第二段最后一句“...and all of their meals were equally spaced with around four hours between them.”可知，两组人员每餐间隔时间都是大约4小时。故选B。
26.答案：D
解析：由第三段中的“Fat tissue samples taken from the participants also showed the increased fat storage.”可知，参与者的脂肪组织样本表明，进食晚的人的脂肪存储会增加。故选D。
27.答案：A
解析：由第四段第一句“Given that the study was only conducted on a limited number of participants and over a very short time...”可知，这项研究的不足之处是参与人数有限，时间也短。故选A。
八、
28.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"The familiar result is that many guests have spent a lot of time just waiting on lines while visiting the theme parks, which annoys the majority (熟悉的结果是，许多游客在参观主题公园时花了大量时间排队，这让大多数人感到恼火)"可知，大把的时间花在排队，上让大部分游客恼火。故选D项。
29.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词后“that allowed them to come back within a specific time window(允许顾客在一个特定的时间窗口内返回)”可知，允许顾客在一个特定的时间窗口内返回，那应该是顾客得到一张票，据此推测划线词为“获得”之意。故选A项。
30.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"Instead of waiting in line, guests could continue to explore the park and, most importantly for Disney, spend more money at shops and restaurants.(游客不用排队，可以继续探索公园，最重要的是,可以在商店和餐馆花更多的钱)"可知，FastPass系统可以让游客继续在公园里游玩，在商店和餐馆消费，从而增加园内商店和饭店的收入。故选C项。
31.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了迪士尼是如何随着需求管理主题公园里的人群的，最有可能出现在杂志上。故选D项。
九、
32.答案：C
解析：根据第一段最后一句和第二段的最后一句可知，生产同等数量的蔬菜和水果，垂直农业比传统水平的农业使用的土地和水更少，也就是说垂直农业可以节省土地资源和水资源。故选C。
33.答案：D
解析：根据画线词组所在句的上文“Imported fruits and vegetables are more expensive, so poor people in society are at an extreme nutritional disadvantage.(进口水果和蔬菜更贵，因此社会上的穷人在营养方面处于极度劣势。）”和该段主要内容可知，该段主要讲述了垂直农业的另一个优势。画线词组所在句应是说垂直农业可以解决上文所提到的问题，由此可知，cope with 的意思是“解决”，与tackle意思一致。故选D。
34.答案：B
解析：根据全文内容尤其是文章最后一段"Ideally, the company will branch out, opening farms across the country and beyond. "可知，该公司预计将扩大规模，在全国各地及其他地区开设农场。故选B。
35.答案：D
解析：根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了垂直农业的多种益处并就其益处进行了解释。故选D。
十、
36.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal's population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks.(然而,狩猎水牛在19世纪是如此流行,以至于到了1900年,野牛的数量已经下降到大约400只,直到政府介入保护这个物种。今天在一些国家,大象也面临着类似的挑战,因为非法捕猎者为了获取象牙而捕杀这种动物。)可知,作者之所以提到水牛,是为了介绍大象所面临的类似威胁。故选A。
37.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods.(原因是大象是一种公共资源,而牛是私人物品。)和Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants a she can find.(大象在没有主人的情况下自由走动。猎人有强烈的动机去杀死尽可能多的大象。)及By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts.(相比之下,牛生活在私人拥有的农场上。每个农场主都在努力维持农场的牲畜数量,因为他们收获了这些努力的成果。)可知,之所以大象面临威胁,而奶牛是安全的,是因为它们各自代表着不同的所有权类型。故选D。
38.答案：D
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中Governments have tried to solve the elephant's problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory.(各国政府试图通过两种方式来解决大象的问题。一些国家,如肯尼亚和乌干达,已经将猎杀大象和出售象牙定为非法行为。)以及By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property.(相比之下,其他国家,如马拉维和纳米比亚,则把大象当作私人物品,允许人们猎杀大象,但仅限于在他们自己的领地上。)可知,第四段通过举例说明各国政府对大象的政策。故选D。
39.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Aristotle所说What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they possess in common with others.(对大多数人来说共同的东西最不被重视,因为所有人都更关心自己的东西,而不是他们与他人共同拥有的东西。)可以推知,人们更关心自己的财产。故选C。
2
一、
Hot air balloon festivals are held annually in many places throughout the year. Here are some of the best hot air balloon festivals around the world.
The Saga Balloon Festival
More than 100 balloons from about 20 countries took part in the annual five-day competition and celebration in Saga, Japan, in 2019.
The most beautiful sight at the Saga Balloon Festival happens in the evenings. The balloons all light up at once and an extraordinary glow is reflected in the river.
The balloon festival in Saga takes place in early November.
The Leon Balloon Festival
The first Leon International Balloon Festival took place in 2002 with just 25 balloons. It is now the biggest balloon festival in Latin America. Like at other festivals, the balloons come in different colors and shapes.
The yearly balloon celebration takes place from November 15 to November 18.
The Albuquerque Balloon Festival
The biggest hot air balloon festival in the world takes place in the American city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. There are about 600 balloons and pilots from around the world.
The festival also appeals to photographers and it has long included a competition for best pictures of the celebration.
This festival takes place from the first weekend of October to the second weekend, lasting 9 days every year.
The Chateau-d'Oex Balloon Festival
The Chateau-d'Oex Hot Air Balloon Festival got its start in 1979, when 12 balloons from five countries gathered to promote Chateau-d'Oex at the suggestion of Hans Brücker. The festival grew over the years, and in 1999，the first hot air balloon to fly around the globe without stopping left from Chateau-d'Oex. These days the festival hosts a number of special events and contests, drawing balloonists from all over the world. The festivities include a unique children's themed night show with fireworks and music.
This festival takes place in the last week of January and lasts 5 days every year.
1.How many balloons were shown at the 2019 Saga International Balloon Festival
A. Only 20. B. Just 25. C. More than 100. D. About 600.
2.Which is the largest balloon festival in Latin America
A. The Leon Balloon Festival. B. The Saga Balloon Festival.
C. The Albuquerque Balloon Festival. D. The Chateau-d'Oex Balloon Festival.
3.What is special about Chateau-d'Oex Hot Air Balloon Festival
A. It is best known for colorful balloons.
B. It has a children's themed night show.
C. It starts the earliest and lasts the longest.
D. It draws balloonists from different countries.
二、
TikTok has appeared as a major starter of food trends—from mushroom coffee and pancake cereal to cloud bread. But there’s another trend dominating TikTok that’s become bigger than any of these viral recipes. That’s the whatieatinaday trend, which is nearing 9 billion views. These video food diaries are also popular on Instagram—typically featuring a wellness influencer or celebrity showing their foods they ate that day—often with a full-length yoga clothes mirror selfie.
The basic message these posts send is that if you eat like them, then you can eventually look like them. The posts are promoting the idea of a perfect or ideal day of eating, along with a perfect body size.
“Younger audience, especially girls and young women, accept the message that they must eat like these creators in order to achieve and maintain not only health, but also social attraction,” says Cara Harbstreet. “The biggest harm I see with this trend is that it normalizes disordered or restrictive eating behaviors. This could prevent someone struggling with an eating disorder from seeking and receiving support or treatment.”
Even if the “whatieatinaday posts are displaying a balanced day of eating, the message of “eat like me, and you will look like me” is harmful because people would not necessarily achieve the same body size as the Instagrammer even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite.
Rather than a day’s worth of food, many experts suggest posting a single meal instead. Rachael Hartley said an individual meal or recipe could serve as an idea or inspiration versus a full day of eating to copy.
I occasionally share “why late Wednesday posts, with the aim of showing a wide range of foods, including fast food, desserts, convenience foods and other foods that diet culture might dislike, as well as showing how to include nutrition in a gentle way,” she said.
Rachael says diet culture has changed our sense of how much is “normal” to eat at meals or snacks, so it can be helpful to see a full meal that shows a variety of foods.
4.What is paragraph I mainly about
A. The popularity of TikTok cooking classes.
B. The origin of the whatieatinaday trend.
C. The Internet hit of posting a whole-day diet.
D. The disagreement of selfies in yoga clothes.
5.Why is whatieatinaday trend harmful according to Cara Harbstreet
A. It makes people less attractive.
B. It confuses dieting with healthy eating.
C. It contributes to emotional disorder.
D. It restricts people’s choice to vegetables.
6.Which kind of posting would probably be preferred by experts
A. A big Sunday supper with various dishes.
B. A single meal with only convenient noodles.
C. Breakfast, lunch and dinner on a Wednesday.
D. A day’s meals with more vegetables than meat.
7.What is the purpose of this passage
A. To compare different eating habits.
B. To inform a standard posting method.
C. To argue against whatieatinaday posting.
D. To discuss the pros and cons of diet culture.
三、
A contact lens (隐形眼镜) that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.
Glaucoma is an eye disease that involves damage to the optic nerve, and can lead to blindness if not treated. According to the charity Glaucoma UK, the most common form of the disease, known as primary open angle glaucoma, is thought to affect almost 10% of people older than 75. This form is generally caused by increased pressure within the eye, usually as a result of a buildup of fluid.
Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug if the pressure transcends a certain level.
Writing in the journal Nature Communications, the team describe how they created the device using an upper and lower lens, with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them around the rim of the lenses. When the pressure inside the eye increases, the gap between the upper and lower lenses decreases. This is detected by the pressure sensor by means of a cantilever. The sensor then sends a signal to the wireless system which subsequently triggers the release of an anti-glaucoma drug, from a hydrogel attached to an electrode, and enables it to cross the cornea of the eye. The drug, brimonidine, acts to reduce the pressure within the eye.
The study reveals that the contact lenses have so far been tested on pigs’ eyes and on the eyes of living rabbits—albeit with smaller-sized lenses—although trials have yet to be carried out in humans. The researchers note the lenses are not only soft and minimally invasive but are also battery-free, adding that the approach could be expanded to help tackle other eye diseases.
Prof Zubair Ahmed from the Institute of Inflammation and Ageing at the University of Birmingham who was not involved in the work, said the research was potentially very exciting, adding that a rise in pressure within the eye was a significant problem for most people with glaucoma. “The materials required to create such contact lenses are inexpensive and soon could be mass-produced.” he added.
8.Who can probably get help from the contact lens
A. Those who are blind. B. Those who have glaucoma.
C. Those who are older than 75. D. Those who are under heavy pressure.
9.Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “transcends” in paragraph 3
A. Exceeds. B. Maintains. C. Lowers. D. Balances.
10.How did the team create the device
A. By crossing the cornea of the eye and then sending a signal.
B. By enlarging the gap between the upper and lower lenses.
C. By using brimonidine to increase the pressure within the eye.
D By employing pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device.
11.What can we learn about the contact lenses
A. They are safe but too costly.
B. They have been tested on humans.
C. They will be put on the market soon.
D. They need to be used with battery power.
四、
A Space Age “disaster of the commons” is unfolding right under our nose — or, really, right over our head. For more than half a century, humans have been casting objects into low-Earth orbit in ever growing numbers. And with few meaningful limitations on further launches, the general attitude has been permissive: in orbit, it seems, there is always room for one more.
After so many decades of the build-up of high-speed chaos in the form of spent rocket stages, low-Earth orbit is finally on the edge of becoming too crowded for comfort. And the problem tends to get much worse because of the rise of satellite “mega constellations (大星座)” requiring thousands of aircraft, such as SpaceX’s Starlink. Starlink is but one of many similar projects. Another mega constellation from a company called OneWeb is already being stationed. And Amazon’s Project Kuiper is seeking to create a mega constellation of up to 3,200 satellites in the near future.
The International Space Station regularly adjusts its orbit to avoid potentially risky debris (碎片). Worse yet, there has been an increase in the threat of full-on collisions. Consider the February 2009 run-in between a dead Russian satellite and a commercial aircraft, which produced a great amount of debris.
Finding ways to remove at least some of all that space rubbish should be a top global priority, says Donald Kessler, a scientist for orbital debris research. In the late 1970s, he foretold the possibility of the Kessler conditions: as the mass of space trash increases, self-protecting runaway cycle of debris-generating collisions can arise, making low-Earth orbit too risky to support most space activities.
“There is now agreement within the community that the debris environment has reached a ‘tipping point’ where debris would continue to increase even if all launches were stopped,” Kessler says. “There are collisions taking place all the time — less noticeable and not in large numbers,” Kessler adds.
12.What can be concluded from paragraph 1
A.Humans are facing a space collision disaster.
B.General public are tolerant of the present situation in space.
C.Nothing has been done in space management.
D.Low-Earth orbit is in a high degree of order.
13.Why is mega constellation mentioned in paragraph 2
A.To explain the cause of the space jam.
B.To show the influence of the aircraft.
C.To stress the popularity of the space race.
D.To praise the efforts of famous companies.
14.What is Kessler’s attitude towards the debris environment
A.Ambiguous. B.Worried. C.Doubtful. D.Tolerant.
15.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A.Space Collisions Are Unavoidable
B.Space Development Needs to Stop
C.Space Activities Are Out of Control
D.Space Rubbish Arouses Concerns
五、
A breakthrough in electric vehicle (EV) battery design has enabled a 10-minute charge time for a typical EV battery. The record-breaking combination of a shorter charge time and more energy acquired for longer travel range was announced on Oct. 12 in the journal Nature.
“The need for smaller, faster-charging batteries is greater than ever,” said Wang, the William E. Diefenderfer Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Penn State and lead author on the study. “Because the critical raw (未经加工的）materials are short, there are not enough batteries to meet expected demand. ”
In August, California's Air Resources Board passed an extensive plan to restrict and ultimately ban the sale of gasoline-powered cars within the state. “If new car sales are going to shift to battery-powered electric vehicles,” Wang explained, “they’ll need to overcome two major drawbacks: They are too slow to recharge and too large to be efficient and affordable. Instead of taking a few minutes at the gas pump, depending on the battery, some EVs can take all day to recharge. ”
“Our fast-charging technology works for most energy-dense batteries and will open a new possibility to downsize electric vehicle batteries from 150 to 50 kWh without causing drivers to feel range anxiety,” said Wang, whose lab partnered with a power company to develop the technology. “The smaller, faster-charging batteries will dramatically cut down battery cost and usage of critical raw materials, enabling mass adoption of affordable electric cars.’’
“True fast-charging batteries would have immediate impact,” the researchers wrote. “Since there are not enough raw minerals for every internal combustion engine car to be replaced by a 150 kWh-equipped EV, fast charging is necessary for EVs to go mainstream.
“The study’s partner, the power company, is working to manufacture and commercialize the fast-charging battery for an affordable and sustainable future of vehicle electrification,” Wang said.
16.What is the EV battery market lacking
A.Vital substances. B.Critical technology.
C.High-end products. D.Scientific market survey.
17.Which is a disadvantage of the current EV battery
A.It has an ugly design. B.It's too small to offer power.
C.It has a very short service life. D.Recharging it is time-consuming.
18.What will Wang's technology bring about
A.Fierce market competition.
B.Wide use of affordable electric cars.
C.The disorder of the electric car market.
D.The disappearance of gas-powered cars.
19.What is the power company doing now
A.Researching and developing new EVs.
B.Looking for a new sustainable EVs market.
C.Making and marketing the fast-charging battery.
D.Identifying and producing critical raw materials.
六、
You improve your robot’s software by improving its software. Agrim Gupta of Stanford University, however, begs to differ. He thinks you can also improve a robot’s software by improving its hardware. He and his colleagues have invented a way of testing this idea.
They brought to their robots, unimals, the principles of evolution (进化) by natural selection. Unimals, with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs, are software beings interacting with a virtual environment. The environments where they wandered were in three varieties: flat grounds, grounds with hills and steps, and ones that had the complexities of the second sort, but with added objects.
To begin with, the unimals were randomly assigned various shapes, but with identical software— derl. Newly created unimals learned to face the challenges in a virtual bootcamp. They were then entered into tournaments in groups. Each group winner was awarded one mutation (变异) —one extra arm or leg, or one extra turning in a joint. The new replaced the oldest unimal and then was assigned to a new group, and the process repeated. About 4,000 varieties of them underwent training.
The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved. Crucially, though, the researchers found the most successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their oldest ancestors had taken, and that those evolving in the toughest grounds were the most successful.
In this evolution of unimals’ morphology (形态) to promote the ability to learn, Dr Gupta sees a version of something called the Baldwin effect. In 1896 James Baldwin, a psychologist, argued that minds evolve to make the best use of the morphologies of the bodies. What Dr Gupta has shown, though in software, is that the opposite can also be true — changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work. Even though he held the software constant, it became more efficient at learning as the unimals’ bodies evolved.
Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen. But the way of testing is certainly an out-of-the-box idea.
20.How was the test conducted
A.By promoting Unimals’ learning. B.By adjusting the environments.
C.By proving the evolution theory. D.By stimulating unimals’ mutation.
21.What turned out to be surprising in the test
A.The number of trained unimals.
B.The decline in time for learning tasks.
C.The variety of evolved shapes.
D.The replacement of old unimals.
22.What can be concluded from the test
A.Mind evolution affects body shaping.
B.Body changes better mind work.
C.Hardware changes do not impact software.
D.The discovery is useful in robot development.
23.What’s the author’s attitude to the finding
A.Negative. B.Objective. C.Indifferent. D.Approving.
七、
It's long been popular advice for people looking to lose weight to avoid late night eating. It's no wonder, with a host of research showing that late night eating is linked to greater body weight. But until now, few studies have actually investigated why. This is what a recent US study set out to uncover.
Researchers had 16 participants follow two different meal schedules, each for a period of six days in total. The first group had their meals early in the day with the last meal consumed six hours and 40 minutes before bedtime. The second group had their daily meals four hours later. This meant they skipped breakfast and instead had lunch, dinner and an evening meal. Their last meal was consumed only two and a half hours before sleep. All the participants consumed an identical diet, and all of their meals were equally spaced with around four hours between them.
The researchers looked at three measures associated with weight gain：the influence of appetite, the impact of eating time on calories burned, and changes of fat tissue. They found that compared to an early eating pattern, late eating not only increased feelings of hunger the following day, it also increased the rate of “hunger” hormones（激素）in the blood. Late eating also caused a decrease in calories burned the following day. Fat tissue samples taken from the participants also showed the increased fat storage. These results indicate that late eating could lead to weight gain.
Given that the study was only conducted on a limited number of participants and over a very short time, more research will be needed to further understand whether these changes are only temporary, and what effects long-term late night eating can have on the weight gain mechanisms（机制）.
Anyway this study adds to a growing body of evidence showing just how important meal timing can be when it comes to body weight. Therefore, people who are watching their weight may want to ditch the late night snacks and favour eating most of their meals earlier.
24.What is the study designed to do？
A.To provide suggestions on losing weight.
B.To prove the findings of the past research.
C.To explore why a late night meal causes weight gain.
D.To figure out a better meal schedule
25.What do we know about the second group in the study？
A.They had breakfast four hours later than normal.
B.They had daily meals roughly every four hours.
C.Their meals differed from those of the first group.
D.Their late night meal lasted for about 150 minutes.
26.Which of the following is a result of late eating？
A.The slow intake of nutrition.
B.The end in feeling hungry.
C.The increase in blood pressure.
D.The greater accumulation of fat.
27.What is the limitation of the study？
A.A small number of participants and trial days.
B.The different eating times in the two groups.
C.Lack of more measures related to weight gain.
D.Limited tissue samples taken from volunteers.
八、
Nobody likes waiting in long lines at amusement parks, especially when you are with babies. Disneyland or Disney World are known for their splendid rides, attractions and large crowds as well. The familiar result is that many guests have spent a lot of time just waiting on lines while visiting the theme parks, which annoys the majority.
Until recently, both parks have made use of the FastPass system to keep guests moving. On certain rides, park-goers could obtain a ticket that allowed them to come back within a specific time window. At that point, they would wait on a special line for seating. As explained in a recent YouTube share, the system worked similarly to a real queue. Instead of waiting in line, guests could continue to explore the park and, most importantly for Disney, spend more money at shops and restaurants.
While the FastPass system became popular, usage ended during the recent pandemic (流行病). With both the California and Florida theme parks operating at reduced visiting number, the space taken up by FastPass kiosks was instead used for socially distanced lines.
In its place, Disney has developed a new planning tool called Disney Genie. The online app, which became available in Disney World in October, allows guests to create a path for their visit. By using park data that’s updated throughout the day, the app will help guests plan out their visit so that they can hit the rides and attractions that they want in the most convenient way. Guests using the app pay an extra fee and get the option to book the next available time to ride select attractions.
28.What may upset most visitors of Disney
A.Fewer attractions. B.High prices at restaurants.
C.Poor equipment in theme parks. D.Waiting in lines for most of the time.
29.What does the underlined word “obtain” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Get. B.Buy. C.Earn. D.Find.
30.What does FastPass system bring about
A.Lower ticket fees. B.Less visitors in Disney.
C.Extra income at shops in Disney. D.Having a comfortable and better seat.
31.Where is the text most likely from
A.A diary. B.A text book. C.A novel. D.A magazine.
九、
Plenty, an agricultural technology company in San Francisco, is reinventing farms and farming. Nater Storye, the company's chief science officer says the future of the farms will be vertical（垂直的）and indoors, so food can be grown anywhere in the world all year round, and farms will employ robots and artificial intelligence （AI）to improve the quality of growth for fruits and vegetables. Plenty does all these things but uses 95% less water and 99%less land.
As AI is on the rise, farmers on flat farms have been using new tools to make farming better or easier. In recent years, they have been using drones（无人机）and robots to improve crop maintenance. However, lat farms still use a lot of water and land, while a Plenty's vertical farm can produce the same quantity of fruits and vegetables as a 720-acre flat farm, but on only 2 acres.
Plenty's climate-controlled indoor farm has rows of plants growing vertically, hung from the ceiling. There are LED lights shining on them, robots moving them around, and AI managing all the variables of water, temperature, and light. The conditions are so good that the yield per acre is 400 times higher than that of an outdoor farm.
Another advantage of vertical farming is that the fruits and vegetables are grown at a warehouse nearby instead of 1,000 miles away or more from a city. That means many transportation miles are saved, which can reduce millions of tons of yearly CO2 emissions and the price of fruits and vegetables will also go down. Imported fruits and vegetables are more expensive, so poor people in society are at an extreme nutritional disadvantage. Vertical farms could cope with this problem.
Also, Plenty's farms grow organic crops without using herbicides or pesticides. They recycle all the water used, even catching the evaporated water in the air. The best farm in San Francisco is using 100% renewable energy.
Moreover, all the packaging is 100%recyclable, made of recycled plastic and specially designed to keep the food fresh longer to reduce food waste.
Ideally, the company will branch out, opening farms across the country and beyond.
32.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs？
A.Robots and AI used on vertical farms can quicken the growth of plants.
B.Fruits and vegetables grown on vertical farms are more nutritious.
C.Both land and water can be saved on vertical farms.
D.Plenty is the first company in the world to grow crops on vertical farms.
33.What does the underlined phrase "cope with" in paragraph 4 mean？
A.Analyze. B.Clarify. C.Present. D.Tackle.
34.What can we infer about Plenty's future vertical farms from the text？
A.They will only be run by robots and AI.
B.They will be expanded on a larger scale.
C.They will bring about potential problems.
D.They will completely take the place of flat farms.
35.What is the main purpose of the text？
A.To evaluate the possibility of vertical farming.
B.To analyze the technologies of vertical farming.
C.To discuss the potential problems of vertical farming.
D.To introduce and explain the benefits of vertical farming.
十、
Throughout history, many species of animals have been threatened with extinction. When Europeans first arrived in North America, more than 60 million buffalo (水牛) lived on the continent. Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal’s population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks.
Yet not all animals with commercial value face this threat (威胁).The cow, for example, is a valuable source of food, but no one worries that the cow will soon be extinct. Why does the commercial value of ivory threaten the elephant while the commercial value of beef protects the cow
The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods. Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants as he can find. Because illegal hunters are numerous, each has only a slight motivation to preserve the elephant population. By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts.
Governments have tried to solve the elephant’s problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory. Yet these laws have been hard to put into effect, and elephant populations have continued to dwindle. By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property.
With private ownership and the profit motive now on its side, the African elephant might someday be as safe from extinction as the cow. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle pointed out the problem with common resources: “What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they possess in common with others.”
36.Why does the author mention buffalo in paragraph 1
A.To introduce a similar threat to elephants.
B.To provide an example of species extinction.
C.To offer an explanation for government policies.
D.To present the statistics of the buffalo in America.
37.Why do elephants face threats while cows are safe
A.They are under different law protection
B.They attract different groups of hunters
C.They contain different commercial value
D.They represent different ownership types
38.What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Bans on killing elephants for ivory
B.Effective laws for elephant protection.
C.Methods of making elephants private goods
D.Government policies on the elephant’s problem
39.What can we learn from Aristotle’s words
A.People hold little regard for others’ property
B.People want to profit from common resources
C.People care more about their own possession
D.People tend to take what they own for granted
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据The Saga Balloon Festival一节中“More than 100 balloons from about 20 countries took part in the annual five day competition and celebration in Saga, Japan, in 2019.(2019年,来自约20个国家的100多个气球参加了在日本Saga举行的为期五天的年度比赛和庆祝活动。)”可知,有100多个气球参加了2019年的Saga气球节。故选C。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据The León Balloon Festival一节中“It is now the biggest balloon festival in Latin America.(它现在是拉丁美洲最大的气球节。)”可知,Leon气球节是拉丁美洲规模最大的。故选A。
3.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是根据The Chateau-d'Oex Balloon Festival一节中The festivities in dude a unique children's themed night show with fireworks and music.(庆祝活动包括一个独特的儿童主题夜间表演,有烟花和音乐。)可推断,Chateau-d'Oex气球节的独特之处在其以儿童活动为主题的晚间表演节目。故选B。
二、
4.答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的TikTok has appeared as a major starter of food trends—from mushroom coffee and pancake cereal to cloud bread. But there's another trend dominating TikTok that's become bigger than any of these viral recipes. That's the whatieatinaday trend, which is nearing 9 billion views.(TikTok已经成为食品趋势的主要开端—一从蘑菇咖啡和煎饼麦片到云面包。但是,还有另一种主导TikTok的趋势,它变得比任何这些病毒式食谱都要大。这是whatieatinaday趋势,接近90亿次观看。)可知,第一段主要讲述的是whatieatinaday趋势的根源是什么。故选B。
5.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The biggest harm I see with this trend is that it normalizes disordered or restrictive eating behaviors.(我看到这种趋势的最大危害是它使紊乱或限制性饮食行为正常化。)可知Cara Harbstreet认为"每天吃什么"是有害的原因在于它把紊乱的饮食习惯当做一种正常的行为。故选B。
6.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的Rather than a day's worth of food, many experts suggest posting a single meal instead.(许多专家建议发布一顿饭,而不是一天的食物。)可知,专家们可能更喜欢一顿只有方便面的单餐。故选B。
7.答案：C
解析：目的意图题。根据倒数第四段Even if the whatieatinaday posts are displaying a balanced day of eating, the message of "eat like me, and you will look like me" is harmful because people would not necessarily achieve the same body size as the Instagrammer even if they copied their day of eating bite for bite.(即使whatieatinaday帖子显示的是均衡的一天进食, "像我一样吃,你会看起来像我一样"的信息也是有害的,因为即使他们复制了他们吃的每一口,人们不一定能达到与Instagrammer相同的体型。)以及倒数第三段中的Rather than a day's worth of food, many experts suggest posting a single meal instead. Rachael Hartley said an individual meal or recipe could serve as an idea or inspiration versus a full day of eating to copy.(许多专家建议发布一顿饭,而不是一天的食物。Rachael Hartley说,一顿饭或食谱可以作为一个想法或灵感,而不是一整天的饮食来复制。)以及文章引用的其他专家的内容可知,写这篇文章的目的是为了说明the whatieatinaday trend是有害的。故选C。
三、
8.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段A contact lens that can release a drug if it detects high pressure within the eye has been created by scientists who say it could help treat glaucoma.(科学家发明了一种隐形眼镜,如果它检测到眼睛内高压,就会释放药物。科学家称这种隐形眼镜有助于治疗青光眼。)可知,科学家认为这种隐性眼镜可辅助治疗青光眼,所以受众群体为青光眼患者,故选B。
9.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段Researchers in China revealed they have developed a contact lens that can sense an increase in pressure within the eye and release an anti-glaucoma drug should the pressure transcend a certain level.(中国的研究人员透露,他们已经开发出一种隐形眼镜,可以感知眼睛内的压力增加,如果压力transcend一定水平,就会释放一种抗青光眼药物。)可知,这款隐形眼镜可以感知眼压的升高,并在压力超过一定水平时释放抗青光眼药物。"increase"是提示词,可猜测transcend为超过的含义,"exceed"意为"超过",A.Exceeds超过;B.Maintains维持;C.Lowers降低;D.Balances平衡。故选A。
10.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段the team describe how they created the device using an upper and lower lens, with a snowflake-shaped pressure sensor and wireless power transfer device sandwiched between them around the rim of the lenses.(该团队在《自然通讯》杂志上发表文章,描述了他们是如何使用上下透镜创造出这种设备的,在透镜的边缘,有一个雪花形状的压力传感器和无线能量传输装置夹在它们之间。)可知,研发团队在上下两块镜片之间的边缘夹着雪花状压力传感器和无线电力传输装置,故选D。
11.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段The materials required to create such contact lenses are inexpensive and soon could be mass–produced(制造这种隐形眼镜所需的材料很便宜,很快就可以批量生产。)可知,这款隐形眼镜很快就能大规模生产投人市场了,故选C。
四、
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的"the general attitude has been permissive: in orbit, it seems, there is always room for one more"可知, 人们普遍持一种宽容的态度, 认为轨道似乎总有足够的空间来容纳更多的物体。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是前两句可知, 近地轨道濒临过度拥堵的情况, 使这一问题变得越发严重的原因之一是"大星座"卫星的增加需要成千上万的航空器。由此可推知, 作者在第二段提到"大星座"是想解释导致太空拥堵的原因。故选A。
14.答案：B
解析：观点态度题。根据最后两段内容尤其是第四段第一句中的"Finding ways to remove at least some of all that space rubbish should be a top global priority(优先)"和第五段最后一句中的"There are collisions taking place all the time—less noticeable and not in large numbers"可知, 至少找到清除其中一些太空垃圾的方法应该是全球的一项首要任务。(太空垃圾的)碰撞一直在发生, 只是不明显, 而且数量不多。由此可推知, Kessler对于碎片环境持担忧的态度。故选B。
15.答案：D
解析：标题概括题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了发射进入太空的飞行器使近地轨道变得越来越拥挤, 而由此产生的大量太空垃圾引起了研究人员的担忧。D项是最适合本文的标题。故选D。
五、
16.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Wang说的话可知，电动汽车的电池市场缺少关键的原材料。
17.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，如果新车销售要向电池驱动的电动汽车转移，需要解决两 个主要问题:充电太慢和体积太大。
18.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，这种更小、充电速度更快的电池将大幅降低电池成本和减少关键 原材料的使用，使电动汽车得以大规模使用。
19.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，这家公司正致力于制造和商业化这种快速充电电池，以实现未 来汽车电动化的可负担性和可持续发展。
六、
20.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“They brought to their robots, unimals, the principles of evolution (进化) by natural selection. Unimals, with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs, are software beings interacting with a virtual environment. The environments where they wandered were in three varieties: flat grounds, grounds with hills and steps, and ones that had the complexities of the second sort, but with added objects.(他们给他们的机器人，unimals, 带来了自然选择的进化原则。Unimals的头是地球仪，四肢是棍子，它们是与虚拟环境互动的软件生物。它们漫游的环境有三种:平地，有山丘和台阶的地面，以及第二种复杂的环境，但添加了物品)”可知，通过调整环境，来进行试验。故选B。
21.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved.(研究小组对进化出的形状的多样性感到惊讶)”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。故选C。
22.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“What Dr. Gupta has shown, though in software, is that the opposite can also be true -- changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work.(古普塔博士的研究表明，尽管是在软件上,相反的情况也可能是真的一身体形态的改变可以改善大脑的工作方式)”可推知。身体的变化使大脑工作得更好。故选B.
23.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen. But the way of testing is certainly an out-of the-box idea.(这一发现是否能在机器人的开发中发挥作用还有待观察。但测试的方法确实是一个创新的想法)”可推知，作者对这一发现持客观的态度。 故选B.
七、
24.答案：C
解析：由第一段内容可知，开展这项研究的目的是弄清楚深夜进食导致体重增加的原因。故选C。
25.答案：B
解析：由第二段最后一句“...and all of their meals were equally spaced with around four hours between them.”可知，两组人员每餐间隔时间都是大约4小时。故选B。
26.答案：D
解析：由第三段中的“Fat tissue samples taken from the participants also showed the increased fat storage.”可知，参与者的脂肪组织样本表明，进食晚的人的脂肪存储会增加。故选D。
27.答案：A
解析：由第四段第一句“Given that the study was only conducted on a limited number of participants and over a very short time...”可知，这项研究的不足之处是参与人数有限，时间也短。故选A。
八、
28.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"The familiar result is that many guests have spent a lot of time just waiting on lines while visiting the theme parks, which annoys the majority (熟悉的结果是，许多游客在参观主题公园时花了大量时间排队，这让大多数人感到恼火)"可知，大把的时间花在排队，上让大部分游客恼火。故选D项。
29.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词后“that allowed them to come back within a specific time window(允许顾客在一个特定的时间窗口内返回)”可知，允许顾客在一个特定的时间窗口内返回，那应该是顾客得到一张票，据此推测划线词为“获得”之意。故选A项。
30.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"Instead of waiting in line, guests could continue to explore the park and, most importantly for Disney, spend more money at shops and restaurants.(游客不用排队，可以继续探索公园，最重要的是,可以在商店和餐馆花更多的钱)"可知，FastPass系统可以让游客继续在公园里游玩，在商店和餐馆消费，从而增加园内商店和饭店的收入。故选C项。
31.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了迪士尼是如何随着需求管理主题公园里的人群的，最有可能出现在杂志上。故选D项。
九、
32.答案：C
解析：根据第一段最后一句和第二段的最后一句可知，生产同等数量的蔬菜和水果，垂直农业比传统水平的农业使用的土地和水更少，也就是说垂直农业可以节省土地资源和水资源。故选C。
33.答案：D
解析：根据画线词组所在句的上文“Imported fruits and vegetables are more expensive, so poor people in society are at an extreme nutritional disadvantage.(进口水果和蔬菜更贵，因此社会上的穷人在营养方面处于极度劣势。）”和该段主要内容可知，该段主要讲述了垂直农业的另一个优势。画线词组所在句应是说垂直农业可以解决上文所提到的问题，由此可知，cope with 的意思是“解决”，与tackle意思一致。故选D。
34.答案：B
解析：根据全文内容尤其是文章最后一段"Ideally, the company will branch out, opening farms across the country and beyond. "可知，该公司预计将扩大规模，在全国各地及其他地区开设农场。故选B。
35.答案：D
解析：根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了垂直农业的多种益处并就其益处进行了解释。故选D。
十、
36.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中Yet hunting the buffalo was so popular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal's population had fallen to about 400 before the government stepped in to protect the species. In some countries today, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals for the ivory in their tusks.(然而,狩猎水牛在19世纪是如此流行,以至于到了1900年,野牛的数量已经下降到大约400只,直到政府介入保护这个物种。今天在一些国家,大象也面临着类似的挑战,因为非法捕猎者为了获取象牙而捕杀这种动物。)可知,作者之所以提到水牛,是为了介绍大象所面临的类似威胁。故选A。
37.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中The reason is that elephants are a common resource, while cows are private goods.(原因是大象是一种公共资源,而牛是私人物品。)和Elephants wander freely without any owners. The hunter has a strong motivation to kill as many elephants a she can find.(大象在没有主人的情况下自由走动。猎人有强烈的动机去杀死尽可能多的大象。)及By contrast, cattle live on farms that are privately owned. Each farmer makes great effort to maintain the cattle population on his farm because he harvests the benefit of these efforts.(相比之下,牛生活在私人拥有的农场上。每个农场主都在努力维持农场的牲畜数量,因为他们收获了这些努力的成果。)可知,之所以大象面临威胁,而奶牛是安全的,是因为它们各自代表着不同的所有权类型。故选D。
38.答案：D
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中Governments have tried to solve the elephant's problem in two ways. Some countries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal to kill elephants and sell their ivory.(各国政府试图通过两种方式来解决大象的问题。一些国家,如肯尼亚和乌干达,已经将猎杀大象和出售象牙定为非法行为。)以及By contrast, other countries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private goods and allowed people to kill elephants, but only those on their own property.(相比之下,其他国家,如马拉维和纳米比亚,则把大象当作私人物品,允许人们猎杀大象,但仅限于在他们自己的领地上。)可知,第四段通过举例说明各国政府对大象的政策。故选D。
39.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Aristotle所说What is common to many is taken least care of, for all men have greater regard for what is their own than for what they possess in common with others.(对大多数人来说共同的东西最不被重视,因为所有人都更关心自己的东西,而不是他们与他人共同拥有的东西。)可以推知,人们更关心自己的财产。故选C。
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