北京市石景山区三年（2020-2022）高三一模分题型分层汇编-03阅读理解（Word版含答案）

北京市石景山区三年（2020-2022）高三一模分题型分层汇编-03阅读理解
一、阅读理解
（2020·北京石景山·统考一模）Stories Behind Famous Company Names
Inventor Caleb Bradham had originally wanted to be a doctor but started working in a pharmacy when he returned home to North Carolina. In 1893, he made up what he first called “Brad’s Drink,” a mix of water, sugar, caramel, lemon oil, nutmeg, and other flavors. Five years later, he renamed it Pepsi-Cola. He claimed the drink could help with digestion(消化), or dyspepsia, the term from which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.
This luxury car maker combined elements from the Ford and Oldsmobile companies when it was started in 1902 and later became known for its innovation and high quality. The company was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701.
Company co-founder Gordon Bowker has said that while brainstorming names, someone brought out a map that featured the old mining town of Starbo. That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick. Not only the company name but also the origin of its logo has aroused great curiosity.
The inventor of Rolex, Hans Wilsdorf, was looking to make an elegant, yet precise, wristwatch. He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches. He settled on Rolex in 1908.
1．Which company name has a close relationship with literature
A．Pepsi B．Cadillac
C．Starbucks D．Rolex
2．Which of the following statements is True
A．Caleb Bradham aimed to cure dyspepsia with Pepsi.
B．Hans Wilsdorf intended Rolex to be universally accepted.
C．Cadillac was named after the founding father of the company.
D．Starbucks was used due to the co-founder’s love for his hometown.
3．From the passage, we can learn that .
A．a famous company name is easy to spell
B．a special story can make a company famous
C．a company name usually has a special meaning in it
D．a company name is related to the founder’s profession
（2020·北京石景山·统考一模）When I was small, my mother and I would walk to our local library in Franklin Square. As we didn’t always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. It was at story time for children that both my mother and I made lasting friendships.
Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Cold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library. My 8-month-old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends. Well, that is what many people don’t understand—a library is more than books; it’s a community.
Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. But it was also the place where I got my first email address in 1997. At the library, friends and I learned how to research colleges and search for scholarships on the Internet. The library was the place where we sometimes giggled (咯咯笑) too loudly, and where the librarians knew us by name. Their knowing our names wasn’t a bad thing. When I came home from my first term at Binghamton University, Mary LaRosa, the librarian at the Franklin Square library, offered me my first teaching job.
I now teach reading at Nassau Community College. My students are often amazed that they can check out books via their smartphones and virtually (虚拟地) visit a variety of Long Island libraries. The app used by Nassau and Suffolk county public libraries, as well as the college library, makes their homework easier by helping them find resources. Even though they can’t always easily visit their local libraries, the library is always with them.
4．Why does the author consider herself lucky today
A．She can walk with her mother hand in hand.
B．She has access to a reliable car now.
C．She can giggle loudly at the library.
D．She lives close to libraries.
5．The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to .
A．socializing in a library
B．reading books in a library
C．visiting a library with family members
D．building parent-child friendship in a library
6．What is the author’s attitude to her students’ way of visiting libraries
A．Sympathetic. B．Favorable.
C．Sceptical. D．Disapproving.
7．The author writes the passage mainly to .
A．recall the days of childhood in the libraries
B．discuss the differences of the libraries
C．explain the changes of the libraries
D．express her love for libraries
（2020·北京石景山·统考一模）In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass tomb. The bodies weren’t human. They were feline—ancient cats that had been mummified and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. “Not one or two here and there”, reported English Illustrated Magazine, “but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats deep.” Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer (肥料). One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38, 000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England.
Those were the days of generously funded (资助的) explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the museums of Europe and America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be cleared away to get treasure. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized.
In the century since then, archaeology (考古学) has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites’ wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.
“They’re really displays of daily life,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After looking beneath bandages with x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection—a bridge between people today and those of long ago. “You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.”
8．The underlined word “peddled” in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A．examined B．displayed
C．replaced D．shared
9．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Treasure hunting explorations. B．Egyptian Royal tombs in desert.
C．Mummified animals in museums. D．Big archaeological discoveries.
10．From the last paragraph, we can learn that Salima Ikram .
A．wishes to keep the continuity of pets over history
B．wants to identify the King’s personal belongings and classify them
C．believes that studying the remains can help modern society relate to the past
D．doubts if current society will understand the significance of Egyptian remains
11．The passage probably encourages the readers to .
A．make full use of the remains the ancestors left behind
B．become more sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of the ancestors
C．pay more attention to the historical and cultural value of ancient remains
D．understand there are more the historical remains waiting for explorations
（2020·北京石景山·统考一模）What do we mean by responsibility To put it simply, it is a duty to consider the consequences of our actions. In other words, we have a duty to control our behaviour.
When we are children, we have few responsibilities. Our parents look after us and we generally don’t have to worry about food or shelter. As we grow up, we gradually need to be responsible for more and more things. We learn how to run our own baths, make our own decisions, and realize that we have moral duties. As adults, we are responsible for all aspects of our lives. If there are any problems, we have to handle them ourselves.
We also have responsibilities that go beyond ourselves. Parents have the responsibility to look after their children, ensuring that they have a stable upbringing. Beyond the family, people have a responsibility towards the community as a whole. It is in fact up to us as a society to make this world a safe and pleasant place for everyone.
When we fail in our responsibilities, the consequences are most serious. Teenagers who abandon their studies might ruin their own lives. It is even more horrible to hear about parents who, by not caring for their own children properly, are putting them in danger. Likewise, by not following the traffic rules, careless drivers kill more than a million people around the world every year. Certain professions in our society, such as police officers, exist to protect the public, and the people who do these jobs often risk their own lives in order to do their duty. However, their efforts depend on the support of ordinary people. If we ignore our own responsibilities, society will become dangerous. On a global level, our entire human civilization may be heading towards disaster unless we work together to save our environment.
Furthermore, whether we are shouldering heavy responsibilities, like doctors or lots, or simply taking responsibility for our own learning as students, we will always be judged on how well we perform our duties. For this reason, the hardest part of acting responsibly is admitting that we failed or that we made a mistake. Let’s say you visit your friend’s house and accidentally damage an expensive teapot while your friend is in another room. The honest thing to do is of course to admit your fault and apologize. Because this requires courage, some people take another route: they pretend that nothing happened. Perhaps a broken teapot might not be such a big deal, but in any given situation, we can choose to act responsibly, and it is somewhat through this choice that we decide what our lives are going to be like.
To summarize, responsibilities are an essential part of life since our actions have consequences. Responsibilities aren’t fun, but we can make the burden lighter by sharing them. If everyone considered how their actions would affect themselves and other people, the world would be a better place.
12．The passage tells us that .
A．children have no responsibilities
B．adults often risk their own lives in order to do their duty
C．our responsible actions would make the world a better place
D．responsibilities aren’t fun unless we can make the burden lighter by sharing them
13．According to the author, the hardest part of taking responsibility is .
A．to control our behaviour B．to handle problems ourselves
C．to affect ourselves and other people D．to admit our fault and apologize
14．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Consequence of Responsibility B．Significance of Responsibility
C．Essential Part of Responsibility D．Development of Responsibility
15．Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A． B．
C． D．
（2021·北京石景山·统考一模）There are a variety of clubs which provide social and cultural activities for students wishing to meet others with similar interests from the same or from different national backgrounds.
Charles Peguy Centre Royal Overseas League
CPC is a French youth centre, providing advice, support and information to young Europeans aged between 18-25. Facilities include an information and advice service regarding education, work placement and general welfare rights. Moreover, the centre holds a database of jobs and accommodation in London. Members may use a fax machine, a copier and computers to surf online or check e-mails for free.Hours: Monday 14:00-17:00 Tuesday-Friday 10:00-17:00 Membership: 35 per year Open 365 days per year, ROL is a club with facilities in London and Edinburgh with restaurants, bars and accommodation. There are branches around the world and 57 reciprocal clubs worldwide. Quarterly magazines, literary lectures, annual music and art competitions, and summer and winter programme of events are provided for members.Membership fees: aged 17-20, 47 per year aged 21-25, 70 per year For further information, please contact the membership secretary.
YMCA London Central Kensington Committee for Overseas Students
YMCA is a social club. Most members are young English professionals, but overseas visitors are welcome. Facilities include photography, art, drama, pottery, language courses at different levels, badminton, fitness testing, cycling, yoga and other activities.Hours: weekdays 07:00-22:30 weekends 10:00-21:00 Membership fees: 125 per year Hotline: 05667932 KCOS is a society for young people from all countries. Each month there are some 40 parties, discos, visits to theatres, concerts, walks and other gatherings where members will be able to meet lots of people. A new programme is sent each month directly to members. The club arranges a weekly club night in a Covent Garden bar. To find out more, telephone the club or write (freepost) to the office.Hours: 10:30-17:30 Tel: 05663801
16．The passage is mainly for ______.A．young English professionals.
B．local students from different backgrounds .
C．European students in London.
D．the youth wishing to meet different people.
17．According to the passage, which club can provide the places to live in
A．CPC． B．ROL. C．YMCA . D．KCOS.
18．If you want more information about language study, you can ______.
A．make a phone call
B．go to the office in person
C．send a fax or an e-mail.
D．turn to the membership secretary.
（2021·北京石景山·统考一模）I know what courage looks like. I saw it on a flight I took six years ago, and only now can I speak of it without tears filling eyes at the memory.
Our flight left the Orlando Airport one Friday morning. But immediately upon take-off, it was clear that something was wrong. The aircraft was bumping(颠簸) up and down. All the experienced travellers, including me, looked around with knowing smiles. If you fly much, you see these things and learn to act calmly about them. However, we did not remain calm for long.
Minutes after we were in the air, our plane began falling quickly. The pilot soon made a serious announcement. “We are having some difficulties,” he said. “Our indicators show that the control system has failed. We will be returning to the Orlando Airport. The flight attendants will prepare you for a bumpy landing. Also, if you look out of the windows, you will see that we are dumping fuel from the airplane. We want to have as little on board as possible in the event of a rough touchdown.” In other words, we were about to crash. Many travellers looked visibly frightened now. No one faces death without fear, I thought.
Then a couple of rows to my left, I heard a still calm voice, a woman’s voice, speaking in an absolutely normal conversational tone. I had to find the source of this voice. All around, people cried. Many screamed. Finally, I saw her. In this chaos, a mother was talking to her child. The woman, in her mid-30s, was staring full into the face of her daughter, who looked to be four years old. The child listened closely, sensing the importance of her mother’s words. The mother’s gaze held the child so fixed that she seemed untouched by the sounds of grief and fear around her.
Finally, I leaned over and by some miracle could hear this soft sure voice with the tone of comfort. Over and over again, the mother said, “I love you so much. Remember, no matter what happens, I love you always.” Fortunately, our landing gear held at last and our touchdown was not a tragedy.
However, the voice I heard that day never faded. That mom showed me what a real hero looks like.
19．What does the author imply by saying “some travellers’ knowing smiles” in Paragraph 2
A．They were used to this kind of experience.
B．They were quite familiar with each other.
C．They were well-educated passengers.
D．They were pretending to be calm.
20．What happened shortly after take-off
A．The plane met bad weather and had to return immediately.
B．The flight indicators showed the plane’s control system failed.
C．One of the passengers was badly ill and the plane had to turn back.
D．A flight attendant explained flight safety instructions to the passengers.
21．Hearing the pilot’s announcement, how did most travellers respond
A．They asked for help.
B．They remained calm.
C．They cried and screamed.
D．They rejected the bumpy landing.
22．What is the best title for the passage
A．The shape of love.
B．The voice of courage.
C．The wisdom of a pilot.
D．The danger of a journey.
（2021·北京石景山·统考一模）What is a port city
The port city provides a rich understanding of the movement of people and goods around the world. We understand a port as a centre of island-sea exchange and a major force for cultural mixing.
Ports and harbours
Harbor is a physical concept, a shelter for ships; Port is an economic concept, a centre of land-sea exchange which demands goods for export and import. Some ports were developed from poor harbours which were improved with breakwaters(防水堤) and dredging(清淤). Madras and Colombo are examples of harbours expensively improved by enlarging, dredging and building breakwaters.
________________________
Port cities become industrial, financial and service centres and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which draws to it railways, highways and air routes. Water transport means cheap access, the chief basis of all port cities. Many of the world’s biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Tokyo and San Francisco began as ports-that is, with land-sea exchange as their major function. Although their port functions are no longer dominant now, they remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference.
International city and trade
Port functions, more than anything else, can make a city more international. A port is open to the world. In it races, cultures, as well as goods from a variety of places, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city. But much domestic port trade has not been recorded. What evidence we have suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than foreign trade. Shanghai, for example, did most of its trade with other Chinese ports and inland cities, Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on.
Position of port city centre
Cities which began as ports keep the chief commercial and administrative centre of the city close to the waterfront. The centre of New York is in lower Manhattan between two river mouths, the city of London is on the Thames, Shanghai along the Bund. This is also true of Boston, Bombay, Madras, Bangkok and Singapore, where the commercial, financial, and administrative centres are still grouped around their harbours even though each city has expanded into a big one. Even a casual visitor cannot mistake them as anything but port cities.
23．Which port city is changed from a harbour by improving the facilities
A．Singapore. B．Bangkok. C．New York. D．Madras.
24．Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 2
A．Good ports, huge profit centres.
B．Once a port city, always a port city.
C．Water transport, basis of port cities.
D．Port functions, a feature of big cities.
25．What can we learn about port cities
A．They have water connections.
B．They don’t trade with inland cities.
C．They are easily mistaken for harbours.
D．They moved their chief centres away from waterfront.
（2021·北京石景山·统考一模）Nowadays, video gaming has made impressive gains in the field of standardized competition. One of the fashionable debates is whether competitive video games are sports or not. If cyberathletes are competing against formal teams in a formal environment, with real titles and monetary stakes on the line, it seems strange not to consider the activity a sport. However, unless something technologically odd gains complete control over our world in the next few decades, they never should be. Cyberathletes and eSports aren’t incomparable to traditional athletes and sports because they require less physical exertion or dedication. They are incomparable because they are different from traditional sports in a number of ways.
Traditional sports are steadfast, and consistent in their structures and mechanics. A professional American football player from any past decade could be transplanted into a current football field, and would only have to be told of a few minor rule changes. The player would know what to do, where to go, and how to accomplish the ultimate goal. He may need to learn a few new plays, but it’s fundamentally the same game. However, competitive video gaming has a variety of goals, and those goals are fluid and dynamic. A competitive video gamer from decades past might be aware of the final goal (winning the game, capturing the flag, eliminating the opposing team, etc.), but the execution (执行方式) would be completely foreign. Controls change, maps change, locations change, even the minute rules are adjusted on a regular basis. As a competitive video gamer, one needs to adapt to a much more aggressive ruleset than most sports or other games. Therefore the video game competitions are less likely to be properly regulated.
Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman, even the esoteric(深奥的) ones, at least in an educational setting, where budgets and funding are set for them. While home computers are widely accessible, a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements. Even decade-old competitive games like Counter-Strike 1.6 require more equipment and gear than most traditional sports. A pick-up game of basketball, football, or soccer is far more accessible than a pick-up game of Counter-Strike.
Traditional sports are embedded in our culture for good reasons: they offer an entertaining diversion and a great form of physical activity for millions of worldwide fans. The principles and lessons gleaned from traditional sports emphasize teamwork, collaboration, and critical evaluations of any given game setting. While many of these lessons are applicable to competitive gaming, competitive video gamers are still distancing themselves from competing for “sport” status, when their pastime and trade is so fundamentally different and ever-changing at such a regular pace.
26．What is the author’s opinion towards competitive video games
A．They can be seen as sports due to their emphasis on teamwork.
B．They can be seen as sports due to their standardized regulations.
C．They can not be seen as sports due to their lack of physical and mental efforts.
D．They can not be seen as sports due to the inconsistent rules and high requirements.
27．What does the underlined word “foreign” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Difficult. B．Common. C．Typical. D．Different.
28．Why does the author mention Counter-Strike in Paragraph 3
A．To explain the reason why eSports surpass traditional sports.
B．To explore the possibility that competitive video games will be sports.
C．To provide an example of the difference between eSports and traditional sports.
D．To account for the fact that the competitive features of video games are impressive.
29．How does the author develop his idea
A．By quoting and citing.
B．By listing and analyzing.
C．By comparison and contrast.
D．By explaining and evaluating.
（2022·北京石景山·统考一模）
Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is made of nylon or polyester. The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot sits, similar to a parachute.
Is it safe
Paragliding, is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving. The big advantage is that it’s probably the slowest form of aviation, so if you do crash, you'll hit the ground quite gently! It’s a very relaxing sport as you're mostly sitting down. Yet, you’ll probably experience pain in some muscles you didn’t know you had while learning, but many of those will be due to the walk up the training hill to launch.
Where do I learn
There are lots of schools, mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains, and there are also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs. These are very attractive, though the prospect of landing in the sea seems to discourage beginners! It takes seven days to get your basic license; then you’re free to fly independently at sites across the country.
What do I need
Pilots normally wear warm clothes in case they get very high up, and a helmet in case they stumble on landing. In terms of gear, schools supply basic training, canopies, harnesses, etc. However, you'll probably want to buy your own more sophisticated equipment, which you’ll be able to choose much better once you’ve tried some out on your course.
Who can do it
There’s no upper age limit provided your instructor judges you capable, but the youngest is 14. Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential paraglider pilot.
Flying a paraglider is a great sport. We hope to see you in the air with us this season!
30．Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 1
A．What is paragliding B．Who invented paragliding
C．How is paragliding special D．Why is paragliding popular
31．According to the passage, paragliding is____________ .
A．exciting but tiring B．safe and relaxing
C．attractive but expensive D．fast and challenging
32．What can we know from the passage
A．Fit people of any age can take up paragliding.
B．Most paragliding schools are situated by the sea.
C．Pilots need to buy basic equipment on their training course.
D．Learners can fly on their own after at least a week’s training.
（2022·北京石景山·统考一模）I remember driving to Palm Springs from San Diego two Thanksgivings ago. None of us pictured an icy blizzard (暴风雪)on our California vacation, but one hour into the drive, the first snowflake fell. My eyes lit up. I’d missed snow. Seeing it land on a prickly cactus made my tears well up. How I longed for cold Minnesota, my hometown.
As the altitude rose, the storm got fierce. It wasn’t long before we had no choice but to pull over. As our car slid to a stop, I looked into the distance. A line of cars as long as the Mississippi River were lined up.
Just then, a car came from behind, suddenly changing the direction to avoid hitting our car. The driver, an old man, slammed on the brakes and his car drifted across the path. It didn’t take us too long to realize his car was awfully near the edge of the mountain and slowly creeping more and more towards the side of the cliff.
Suddenly, 10 people who were sitting in their cars leapt out. From the car window, I watched an inspiring scene. Four people took the chains that protected their tires off their cars and put them on the old man’s tires. One person shoveled the snow out from his tires and tried to break the ice with his boot. Just as the old man’s car and all his belongings were about to be lost off the edge of the cliff, people stepped up and let their kind hearts override the snowstorm.
Though it was minus 30 degrees centigrade, my heart was as warm as ever. This act of kindness just reminded me how thankful I am for people and moments like these.
33．Why did the author cry when he saw the snow
A．He felt a little homesick.
B．He disliked the bad weather.
C．He was surprised to see the snow.
D．He was anxious about the traffic delay.
34．What happened to the old man's car
A．Its braking system failed.
B．It was about to drop from the cliff.
C．It ran into the author’s car.
D．It lost control due to the sudden speeding.
35．Which of the following can best describe the people involved
A．Reliable and modest.
B．Kind and easy-going.
C．Brave and cooperative.
D．Enthusiastic and ambitious.
（2022·北京石景山·统考一模）Psychologists tell us our self-image defines what we believe we can and cannot do. Each of us over the years has built up belief about ourselves: Unconsciously, our pictures of who we are have been formed by past experiences. Our successes and failures, what others have told us and what we think people believe about us all help form impressions of what we think we are. Because self-image is so important in our growth, it is important to examine our concepts of self in order to reach our full potential.
Changing our self-image is possible: Some psychologists suggest we begin to change our self-image by mentally picturing ourselves performing well at some task. Since we presently react to things based on our present images, it’s suggested that we replace those with better ones. In many experiments, people were asked to sit quietly for a few minutes each day and imagine themselves doing well. For instance, subjects would sit and imagine themselves throwing darts at a bull’s-eye on a target. Over a period of weeks, their dart game improved. This has been done with people who wanted to play chess better, throw a ball more accurately increase their salesmanship or musical talents, and improve many other skills. In most cases, remarkable improvement is made.
The point of changing self-image is not to develop an image of ourselves that is not real. To try to become something we really aren’t is just as wrong as living the unrealistic, inferior image we may have. The aim is to find the real self, to bring our mental images of ourselves in line with our true potential. However, it is generally accepted among psychologists that most of us fail to do justice to ourselves. We’re usually better than we think we are.
Another important part of changing self-image is to not think about past mistakes.Don’t let failures do harm. Our errors or humiliation over mistakes are necessary steps in learning. It is all right to make mistakes. But when they have taught us what we did wrong, we should forget them and not dwell on them. Sometimes we keep remembering our failures or mistakes and feel guilty or embarrassed about them. We let them take over, and then we develop a fear.
It is important to have realistic expectations of ourselves. Some of our dissatisfaction might come from expecting too much of ourselves. If we demand constant perfection in everything we do, we can be disappointed and our poor self- image will continue. If our goal is to reach perfection, we are doomed from the start.
36．Which situation agrees with the idea of the passage
A．To outshine his colleagues, Joe sets an idealistic goal.
B．To get along with her classmates, Doris always humbles herself.
C．To become a star player, Alex repeatedly plays back his faults in his mind.
D．To win a speech contest, Tina visualizes herself speaking more confidently.
37．What is the purpose of Paragraph 3
A．To confirm the effect of changing self-image.
B．To clarify the principle of changing self-image.
C．To propose a new view on changing self-image.
D．To stress the importance of changing self-image.
38．According to the author, how should we regard our past mistakes
A．They are part of our growth.
B．They are warnings for future.
C．They are tools for overcoming fear.
D．They are barriers to our development.
39．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage
A．We Are What We Do
B．Be the Best We Can Be
C．We Are What We Think We Are
D．What We Are Decides What We Think
（2022·北京石景山·统考一模）When it comes to lowering our carbon emissions (排放), it seems that nothing is simple. Electric vehicles (EVs) act as an example of potential greenwash. “They seem very attractive at first sight,” writes The Next Web in a report. “When we look more closely, it becomes clear that they have a substantial carbon footprint.”
The rare earth metals and costly minerals included as essential ingredients in EV batteries are not renewable. What’s more, their extraction (提炼) is often anything but green.
So the question is: is it worth it Just how much emission reduction can EVs justify Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been done to give us some answers.
“A life cycle analysis of emissions considers three phases,” writes The Next Web. “the manufacturing phase, the use phase, and the recycling phase.” In the manufacturing phase, the battery is to blame. “Emissions from manufacturing EV batteries were estimated to be 3.2 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), 1/4 of those from an electric car, 13 tons of CO2. Those were bigger than emissions from gas cars, 10.5 tons of CO2.” If the vehicle life is assumed to be 150,000 kilometers, emissions from the manufacturing phase of an electric car are higher than gas cars.”
In the use phase, the source of electricity the consumer is using to power their car comes into play in a major way. “To understand how the emissions of electric car vary with a country’s renewable electricity share, consider Australia and New Zealand,” continues the report. “In 2018, Australia’s share of renewables in electricity was about 21%. In contrast, the number in New Zealand’s was about 84%. Electric car emissions in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at about 170g and 25g of CO2 per km respectively. As a consumer, our car is only as green as our country’s energy mix.”
Finally, in the recycling phase, we look at vehicle dismantling(拆除), vehicle recycling, battery recycling, and material recovery. “The estimated emissions in this phase, based on a study, are about 1.8 tons for a gas car and 2.4 tons for an electric car. This difference is mostly due to the emissions from battery recycling, which is 0.7 tons,” shows in the report. “While electric cars cause more greenhouse gas emissions than gas cars do, it's important to note the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent batteries. This could have significant emissions reduction benefits in the future. For complete life cycle emissions, the study shows that EV emissions are 18% lower than gas cars.”
So here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re not as green as we thought. There’s certainly room for improvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the global energy transition toward greener energy-production.
40．Why is a life cycle analysis of emissions made
A．To illustrate the advantages of EVs.
B．To show how gas cars outperform EVs.
C．To weigh the environmental impact of EVs.
D．To examine the energy sources of gas cars and EVs.
41．How does the author support the underlined statement in Paragraph 5
A．By giving instructions. B．By highlighting features.
C．By making comparisons. D．By analyzing cause and effect.
42．According to the passage, what contributes to EVs’ beating gas cars
A．Recycling of batteries. B．Overall driving distance.
C．Manufacturing technology. D．Government’s energy policy.
43．Which of the following statements does the author support
A．EVs are worthy of the praise they have received.
B．EVs are not successful for their environmental downsides.
C．EVs will no longer be widely accepted for their emissions.
D．EVs are not truly green until their energy sources become green.
二、阅读表达
（2021·北京石景山·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Can a robot really freestyle
Engineers at the Georgia Institute of Technology, led by Gil Weinberg, have designed the first musical robot capable of not only playing music, but creating it. His name is Shimon. Weinberg, who is a musician, engineer, and professor of musical technology, found himself in a creative rut(俗套) and decided to create a robot that could inspire him with new musical ideas. Shimon was trained on a vast data set of everything from progressive rock to jazz to rap. His works really surprise human listeners.
Up until recent advancements, applications of AI (artificial intelligence) have mostly consisted of well-defined tasks, but many are concerned that new technology like Shimon could result in lost jobs for millions of people, even those in creative industry.
While the concern of an offing future in which humans are entirely replaced by robots certainly isn’t unfounded, a much more likely future is one in which robots work alongside humans to improve their work. Experts say that AI will actually create jobs for humans, not destroy them. The Guardian recently reported that by 2037, AI will create more than 7 million new jobs in the healthcare, education, and science fields in the UK.
Shimon is showing us what can happen when robots don’t just work for us, but with us. Instead of putting any of our favorite musicians out of work, robots will certainly be challenging and inspiring them in new ways. The cooperation between humans and robots can produce new and attractive music, leading to novel musical outcomes. Thanks to the innovation of Weinberg and his team, rap battles, jam sessions, and symphony orchestras alike may begin to look and act considerably different.
44．What can Shimon do
45．Why did Gil Weinberg create Shimon
46．According to the passage, please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Nowadays AI creates many jobs for humans, but it has a negative effect on the work of artists.
47．As a student, what is your opinion about AI applied in your daily life (About 40 words)
（2022·北京石景山·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
Revenge Sleep Procrastination
According to the sleep expert Dorothy Chambers, “revenge sleep procrastination” refers to a phenomenon in which we delay going to sleep to do other unimportant things that we haven’t had time to do in the day, and reflects a very poor work and life balance.
The researchers surveyed 2,012 adults and found that over three quarters admit doing a form of revenge sleep procrastination, using their phones right up until falling asleep. Then the researchers selected some social media apps to test how seriously they affect sleep quality. Each participant was asked to wear a smartwatch to record how long it took to fall asleep, and provide feedback on how tired they felt the next morning. The result revealed that the average time taken to fall asleep was over 45 minutes and an increasing tiredness was reported by over half of the participants. It showed that revenge sleep procrastination impacted sleep quality a lot, which can lead to adverse implications on physical and mental health.
So why does it happen According to the researchers, it’s largely down to the blue light emitted from phone screens. It stimulates the brain and reduces natural melatonin(褪黑素) production, increasing tiredness, and in turn increasing the amount of time spent falling asleep.
The researchers pointed that social media apps encourage the release of “pleasure chemicals”, giving us energy and a “happy” feeling. This could be why many of us choose them as our means of revenge sleep procrastination, even though we know they do have negative effects on our health.
To solve this problem, Dorothy recommended that we shouldn’t use any electronics for at least two hours before sleeping to avoid sleep deprivation. Instead, we should try reading a book or taking deep breaths.
48．What is revenge sleep procrastination
49．What is the effect of revenge sleep procrastination
50．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
For some procrastinators, their sleep trouble results from the blue light, pleasure chemicals and their unawareness of the bad effects of using social media apps before bed.
51．If you preferred using social media apps before bed, what would you do to fight such a type of sleep revenge procrastination besides the practice mentioned in the passage (In about 40 words)
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．C 2．B 3．C
【分析】这是说明文。文章主要介绍了4所著名公司名字背后的故事。
1．细节理解题。由Starbucks介绍中的第二句“That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick.”可知，那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。由此可见Starbuck的名字和文学作品有关。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
2．细节理解题。由Rolex介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches.”可知，他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，Hans Wilsdorf想要的名字应该是让人容易说，不同语言也可以表示它 ，这样人们才能广泛地接受。结合选项可知，选项B正确。
3．推理判断题。由全文内容可知，Pepsi介绍中的最后一句“He claimed the drink could help with digestion(消化), or dyspepsia, the term from which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.”，表示的是他声称这款饮料能帮助消化或者消化不良，从这个术语Bradham改编了这个名字Pepsi。Cadillac介绍中的最后一句“The company was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701.”表示的是这个公司是以法国探险家Antonie Laumet De La Mothe Cadillac命名的，这位探险家在1701年发现了底特律市。Starbucks介绍中的第二句“That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick.”表示的是那可能让他想起了赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的著作《白鲸记》中的第一个大副Starbuck。Rolex介绍中的第二句“He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches.”表示的是他想要一个容易说，能用不同语言表示，并且在手表上看起来不错的名字。由此可见，四家公司的名字都有它的故事和意义，所以公司的名字通常有一个特殊的意义。结合选项可知，选项C正确。
4．D 5．A 6．B 7．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过陈诉自己的经历，表达出对图书馆的热爱。
4．细节理解题。根据第2段Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Cold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library可知，作者住的地方离两家图书馆都很近。故选D项。
5．词义猜测题。根据that前面的内容可知，作者和他儿子每周都会去几趟图书馆，在那里和朋友见面以及交朋友。在that后的文章中，作者觉得图书馆不仅仅是书的地方而且还是个社区。综合分析，that指代在图书馆社交。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者对学生们通过手机查看图书馆里头的书籍表示惊讶。且最后表示，尽管他们不能总是轻松地访问当地的图书馆，但图书馆总是与他们同在。综合分析，作者对学生访问图书馆的方式持支持态度。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。分析全文，文章一开始回忆了作者小时候常和她的母亲经常去图书馆以及读大学期间在图书馆的一些体验。同时，作者认为她很幸运因为图书馆离家很近。且在作者看来，图书馆不仅仅是书。这是一个社区。通篇都在表达作者对图书馆的爱。故选D项。
8．B 9．A 10．C 11．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。考古学家们认为考古学已不再是一种寻宝活动，而更像是一门科学。通过研究古代人的遗迹，可以了解他们的日常生活。考古是连接现代人和很久以前的人的之间的桥梁。
8．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的部分“…to tourists for change” 可知，村里的孩子们把最好的猫的木乃伊给游客以换取零钱；因此可以推测，“peddle”意思为“兜售”，即向他人展示从而售出。故选B项。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段首句“Those were the days of generously funded (资助的) explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the museums of Europe and America.” 那一段时间，人们花大价钱寻宝。人们跨越沙漠探险，为了寻找皇家皇陵，寻找华丽的黄金面具来装饰欧洲和美洲的博物馆。因此可以推断，第二段主要讲述古代人们寻宝探险。故选A项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中she created a gallery for the collection—a bridge between people today and those of long ago. 以及最后一句And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.可知埃及古物学家Salima Ikram 把她的收藏品创建了一个画廊，她认为这个画廊是一座连接今天的人和很久以前的人的之间桥梁。这些收藏品让人们感觉古代人的生活离我们很近。因此可以推断，她认为研究这些遗迹有助于把现代社会和过去联系在一起。故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段中archaeology (考古学) has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science.”和第四段中They’re really displays of daily life以及下文内容可知，考古学家们认为考古更多的是一门科学；木乃伊是古埃及人日常生活的展示。研究这些遗骸是了解他们的途径，有助于在现代社会与过去之间建立一座桥梁。因此这篇文章可能鼓励读者要重视古代遗迹的历史文化价值。故选C项。
12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A
【分析】本文为一篇议论文。文章介绍了什么是责任，我们要承担责任，世界才会变得更加美好。
12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段If everyone considered how their actions would affect themselves and other people, the world would be a better place. 如果每个人都考虑到自己的行为会对自己和他人产生怎样的影响，那么世界将会变得更加美好。及结合全文可知，这篇文章告诉我们，我们负责任的行为将使世界变得更美好。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段For this reason, the hardest part of acting responsibly is admitting that we failed or that we made a mistake. 因此，承担责任最困难的部分是承认我们失败或犯了错误。因此作者认为，承担责任最困难的部分是承认自己的错误和道歉。故选D项。
14．主旨大意题。结合全文，文章介绍了什么是责任，我们要怎样承担责任。B项 Significance of Responsibility“责任的重要性”符合文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。分析全文，文章第一段简要介绍了责任是什么，是简要分析。第二段介绍了我们从不需要承担什么责任到开始承担各种各样的责任，是第一个要点。第三段介绍了承担责任使得家庭，社会更美好，是第二个要点。第四段从相反的角度介绍了不负责任的后果，是第二个要点的第二个次要点。第五段介绍了负责任最困难的行为，是第三个要点。最后一段总结全文，承担责任必不可少，只有承担责任世界才会更加美好，是总结。分析选项可知，A项正确。故选A项。
16．D 17．B 18．A
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个俱乐部的相关信息。
16．推理判断题。根据首段“There are a variety of clubs which provide social and cultural activities for students wishing to meet others with similar interests from the same or from different national backgrounds.”（有各种各样的俱乐部，为希望与来自相同或不同国家背景的兴趣相投的学生提供社会和文化活动）可知，本文主要是写给那些希望遇见不同的人的年轻人。故选D项。
17．细节理解题。根据Royal Overseas League的方框“ROL is a club with facilities in London and Edinburgh with restaurants, bars and accommodation.”（罗尔俱乐部在伦敦和爱丁堡都有设施，有餐厅、酒吧和住宿。）可知，ROL可以提供住宿的地方。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据最后一个方框“The club arranges a weekly club night in a Covent Garden bar. To find out more, telephone the club or write (freepost) to the office.”（俱乐部每周在考文特花园酒吧安排一次俱乐部之夜。欲知详情，请致电俱乐部或写信免费邮寄至办公室）可知，如果你想了解更多关于语言学习的信息可以打电话。故选A项。
19．A 20．B 21．C 22．B
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在飞机飞行中控制系统损坏，在所有人惊恐之时，一位母亲一遍又一遍的抚慰是这次飞行意外的勇气之声。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“All the experienced travellers, including me, looked around with knowing smiles. If you fly much, you see these things and learn to act calmly about them.”（所有有经验的旅客，包括我在内，都环视四周，会心一笑。如果你经常乘飞机，你会看到这些东西，学会冷静对待它们）可知，作者在第二段中用“一些旅客会心的微笑”说明他们已经习惯了这种经历。故选A项。
20．细节理解题。根据文章第三段飞行员说的话“Our indicators show that the control system has failed.”（我们的指示器显示控制系统已经失效。）可知，起飞后不久飞行指示器显示飞机的控制系统失灵了。故选B项。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“All around, people cried. Many screamed.”（周围的人都在哭喊，许多人都在尖叫）可知，听到机长的通知后，大多数旅客的反应是哭喊尖叫。故选C项。
22．主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段“Finally, I leaned over and by some miracle could hear this soft sure voice with the tone of comfort. Over and over again, the mother said, “I love you so much. Remember, no matter what happens, I love you always.” Fortunately, our landing gear held at last and our touchdown was not a tragedy.”（终于，我弯下身去，奇迹般地听到了这轻柔而坚定的声音，声音里充满了安慰。母亲一遍又一遍地说:“我非常爱你。记住，无论发生什么，我永远爱你。“幸运的是，我们的起落架终于挂住了，我们的着陆并不是一场悲剧。）及全文可知，本文主要就是讲述在飞机遇到险情的时候，一位母亲一遍又一遍地安慰，这是勇气之声。故选B项。
23．D 24．B 25．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Ports和harbours的概念，以及港口城市的特点和优势。
23．细节理解题。根据Ports and harbours下的“Some ports were developed from poor harbours which were improved with breakwaters(防水堤) and dredging(清淤). Madras and Colombo are examples of harbours expensively improved by enlarging, dredging and building breakwaters.”（有些港口是由较差的港湾发展而来，经防波堤和疏浚工程加以改善。马德拉斯(Madras)和科伦坡(Colombo)就是通过扩建、疏浚和建造防波堤而花费巨资改善港口的例子。）可知，Madras通过改善设施而从harbour变成了Port。故选D项。
24．主旨大意题。根据下文“Although their port functions are no longer dominant now, they remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference.”（虽然它们的港口功能不再占主导地位，但它们仍然是不同于非港口城市的地方，它们的港口功能是造成这种差异的原因。）及本段内容可知，本段主要介绍曾经是港口城市的将永远是港口城市。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的“Port cities become industrial, financial and service centres and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which draws to it railways, highways and air routes.”（港口城市成为工业、金融和服务中心和政治首都，是因为它们的水路连接和吸引铁路、公路和航空航线的城市集中。）可知，港口城市是用水连接的。故选A项。
26．D 27．D 28．C 29．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过将传统体育运动和电子竞技进行比较和对比，来论证电子竞技游戏不能被视作运动的观点。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As a competitive video gamer, one needs to adapt to a much more aggressive ruleset than most sports or other games. Therefore the video game competitions are less likely to be properly regulated.（作为一名有竞争力的电子游戏玩家，你需要适应比大多数运动或其他游戏更具侵略性的规则。因此，电子游戏竞赛不太可能得到适当的监管。）”以及第三段“While home computers are widely accessible, a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements.（虽然家用电脑随处可见，但由于对电脑的高标准要求，很大一部分游戏玩家无法参与竞争性游戏。）”可推断，作者认为竞争性电子游戏由于规则不一致，要求高，不能被视为运动。故选D项。
27．词义猜测题。根据前文“A professional American football player from any past decade could be transplanted into a current football field, and would only have to be told of a few minor rule changes. The player would know what to do, where to go, and how to accomplish the ultimate goal. He may need to learn a few new plays, but it’s fundamentally the same game. However, competitive video gaming has a variety of goals, and those goals are fluid and dynamic.（过去任何一个十年的职业美国橄榄球运动员都可以被迁移到现在的足球场上，而且只需要被告知一些小的规则变化。玩家将知道该做什么，去哪里以及如何完成最终目标。他可能需要学习一些新玩法，但游戏本质上是一样的。然而，竞争性电子游戏有各种各样的目标，而且这些目标是动态的。）”可知，电子竞技玩家操作对于传统的体育运动是不同的，所以foreign是“不同的”之意。故选D项。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman, even the esoteric(深奥的) ones, at least in an educational setting, where budgets and funding are set for them. While home computers are widely accessible, a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements.（大多数传统体育项目，即使是那些晦涩难懂的项目，至少在有预算和资金支持的教育背景下，普通人都能接受。虽然家用电脑随处可见，但由于对电脑的高标准要求，很大一部分游戏玩家无法参与竞争性游戏。）”以及接下来以《反恐精英》举例即使是像《反恐精英1.6》这样有10年历史的竞技游戏也需要比大多数传统运动更多的装备。篮球、足球或足球的临时游戏比《反恐精英》的临时游戏更容易上手。因此推断作者在第三段中提到《反恐精英》是为了举例说明电子竞技和传统体育的区别。故选C项。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Cyberathletes and eSports aren’t incomparable to traditional athletes and sports because they require less physical exertion or dedication. They are incomparable because they are different from traditional sports in a number of ways.（电子竞技者和电子竞技与传统运动员和体育项目并不是不可比拟的，因为它们需要的体力和投入较少。它们是无可比拟的，因为它们与传统体育在很多方面不同。）”；第二段“Traditional sports are steadfast, and consistent in their structures and mechanics.（传统的体育运动在结构和力学上是坚定的，一致的。）”以及第三段“Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman, even the esoteric(深奥的) ones, at least in an educational setting, where budgets and funding are set for them.（大多数传统体育项目，即使是那些晦涩难懂的项目，至少在有预算和资金支持的教育背景下，普通人都能接受。）”可推断，作者通过比较和对比来论证他的观点。故选C项。
30．A 31．B 32．D
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了什么是滑翔伞及学习滑翔伞的一些信息。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is made of nylon or polyester.The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot sits, similar to a parachute.(滑翔伞是一种飞行，但它的机翼不是由金属、木材或塑料制成的，而是由尼龙或聚酯制成的。机翼通过绳索连接到安全带上，飞行员坐在那里，类似于降落伞)”可知，本段主要描述了什么是滑翔伞。故选A项。
31．细节理解题。根据Is it safe 内容“Paragliding, is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving.(滑翔伞，就像航海和深海潜水一样安全)”及“It’s a very relaxing sport as you’re mostly sitting down.(这是一项非常放松的运动，因为你大部分时间都是坐着的)”可知，滑翔伞是一项安全放松的运动。故选B项。
32．细节理解题。根据Where do I learn 内容“It takes seven days to get your basic license; then you’re free to fly independently at sites across the country.(获得基本驾照需要7天时间；然后你就可以在全国各地独立飞行了)”可知，经过至少一周的训练，学习者可以独立飞行。故选D项。
33．A 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在开车从圣地亚哥到棕榈泉的路上偶遇暴风雪，目睹一群人冒着危险及时止住了一位老人快要滑下悬崖的车，见证了人们的勇敢和善良。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Seeing it land on a prickly cactus made my tears well up. How I longed for cold Minnesota, my hometown.（看到它落在多刺的仙人掌上，我热泪盈眶。我多么渴望寒冷的明尼苏达州——我的家乡）”可知，作者看到雪花落泪是因为思念自己的家乡。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段的“It didn’t take us too long to realize his car was awfully near the edge of the mountain and slowly creeping more and more towards the side of the cliff.（没过多久，我们就意识到他的车非常接近山的边缘，慢慢地越来越靠近悬崖的一边）”和第四段的”Just as the old man’s car and all his belongings were about to be lost off the edge of the cliff（就在老人的车和他所有的财产即将从悬崖边上消失的时候）”可知，老人的车快要从悬崖边掉下去了。故选B。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Four people took the chains that protected their tires off their cars and put them on the old man’s tires. One person shoveled the snow out from his tires and tried to break the ice with his boot. Just as the old man’s car and all his belongings were about to be lost off the edge of the cliff, people stepped up and let their kind hearts override the snowstorm.（四个人把保护轮胎的链子从车上取下来，戴在老人的轮胎上。一个人铲掉轮胎上的雪，试图用靴子把冰撬开。就在老人的车和他所有的财产即将从悬崖边上消失的时候，人们站出来，让他们的善良的心战胜了暴风雪）”可知，人们冒着暴风雪和有可能被老人的车拖下悬崖的危险，分工配合，及时止住快要掉下悬崖的车。由此推知，他们是勇敢并且有合作精神的。故选C。
36．D 37．B 38．A 39．C
【导语】本文为一篇议论文，文章论述了自我形象的重要性，并介绍了几种改变自我形象的方法。
36．推理判断题。根据文章第二段关键句“Some psychologists suggest we begin to change our self-image by mentally picturing ourselves performing well at some task. Since we presently react to things based on our present images, it’s suggested that we replace those with better ones.”（一些心理学家建议，我们可以通过在心理上想象自己在某些任务中的出色表现来开始改变自我形象。因为我们现在对事物的反应是基于我们现在的图像，所以有人建议我们用更好的图像来代替那些图像。）可知，D选项“为了赢得演讲比赛，蒂娜想象自己说话更自信。”符合本段描述的改变自我形象的方法。故选D项。
37．推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句“The point of changing self-image is not to develop an image of ourselves that is not real.”（改变自我形象的关键不是建立一个不真实的自我形象。）及“The aim is to find the real self, to bring our mental images of ourselves in line with our true potential.”（我们的目标是找到真正的自我，使我们心中的自我形象符合我们真正的潜力。）及全段内容可知，文章第三段的目的是为了阐明改变自我形象的原则。故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第四段关键句“Our errors or humiliation over mistakes are necessary steps in learning.It is all right to make mistakes. But when they have taught us what we did wrong, we should forget them and not dwell on them.”（我们的错误或对错误的羞辱是学习的必要步骤。犯错误是正常的。但是当他们告诉我们我们做错了什么，我们应该忘记它们，而不是停留在它们上面。）可知，对于过去的错误，我们应该接受，它们是我们成长的一部分。故选A项。
39．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段关键句“Each of us over the years has built up belief about ourselves: Unconsciously, our pictures of who we are have been formed by past experiences. Our successes and failures, what others have told us and what we think people believe about us all help form impressions of what we think we are.”（多年来，我们每个人都建立了对自己的信念：在不知不觉中，我们对自己的印象是由过去的经历形成的。我们的成功和失败，别人告诉我们的，以及我们认为别人对我们的看法，都有助于形成我们认为自己是什么的印象。）及下文描述改变自我形象的几种方法，可知，本文论述了自我形象的重要性，且表明自我形象可以通过自己的认知改变，同时介绍了几种改变自我形象的方式，C选项“We Are What We Think We Are”（我们认为自己是什么，我们就是什么）适合作为本文最佳标题。故选C项。
40．C 41．C 42．A 43．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。电动车更环保，但是只有电动汽车实现能源方面的绿色，才能实现真正的绿色。
40．细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段内容及第三段“So the question is: is it worth it Just how much emission reduction can EVs justify Luckily, a life cycle assessment has been done to give us some answers.”（所以问题是：这值得吗？ 电动汽车到底能减排多少呢？幸运的是，一个生命周期评估已经完成，给了我们一些答案。）可知，对排放进行生命周期分析是为了衡量电动汽车对环境的影响。故选C项。
41．推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“In 2018, Australia’s share of renewables in electricity was about 21%. In contrast, the number in New Zealand’s was about 84%. Electric car emissions in Australia and New Zealand are estimated at about 170g and 25g of CO2 per km respectively.”（在2018年，澳大利亚可再生能源在电力中的份额约为21%。相比之下，新西兰的这一数字约为84%。据估计，澳大利亚和新西兰的电动汽车每公里排放的二氧化碳分别为170克和25克。）可知，作者通过作比较的方法来支持陈述“作为消费者，我们的汽车是否环保取决于我们国家的能源组合。”这一观点。故选C项。
42．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段内容“While electric cars cause more greenhouse gas emissions than gas cars do, it's important to note the recycled batteries can be used in subsequent batteries. This could have significant emissions reduction benefits in the future. For complete life cycle emissions, the study shows that EV emissions are 18% lower than gas cars.”（虽然电动汽车比汽油汽车排放更多的温室气体，但需要注意的是，回收电池可以用于后续电池。这可能在未来产生显著的减排效益。研究表明，在整个生命周期的排放中，电动汽车的排放量比汽油汽车低18%。）可知，电动汽车打败汽油汽车的原因是其电池的回收。故选A项。
43．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So here’s the takeaway: EVs are greener. Maybe they’re not as green as we thought. There’s certainly room for improvement. But the real challenge lies in speeding the global energy transition toward greener energy-production.”（所以结论是：电动汽车更环保。也许它们没有我们想的那么环保。当然还有改进的余地。但真正的挑战在于加快全球能源向绿色能源生产的转变。）可知，实现了能源方面的绿色，电动汽车才是真正绿色的。故选D项。
44．Shimon can not only play music, but create it.
Playing music and creating music.
Play and create music. 45．He created Shimon to inspire him with new musical ideas.
To inspire him with new musical ideas. 46．Nowadays AI creates many jobs for humans, but it has a negative effect on the work of artists.
According to the passage, AI can work with artists to improve their work rather than affect it negatively. By cooperating with AI, artists can be inspired and motivated in new ways, which may lead to new and attractive artistic outcomes. 47．In my opinion, AI has both benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, AI improves our study and life in several ways. It upgrades our learning style, such as AI teaching, which offers true freedom in time, space and studying pace. AI also brings great convenience to our life, like smart housing system. On the other hand, we also risk losing our independent mind if we rely on AI too much. So we should react to the effects of AI wisely.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过音乐技术教授温伯格设计出了首个不仅能演奏音乐，还能创造音乐的机器人——西蒙来引出对人工智能的讨论。
44．考查细节理解。根据第一段“the first musical robot capable of not only playing music, but creating it. His name is Shimon.（首个不仅能演奏音乐，还能创造音乐的音乐机器人。他的名字叫西蒙）”可知，西蒙会演奏和创造音乐，故答案为Shimon can not only play music, but create it./Playing music and creating music./Play and create music.
45．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Weinberg, who is a musician, engineer, and professor of musical technology, found himself in a creative rut(俗套) and decided to create a robot that could inspire him with new musical ideas.（温伯格是一名音乐家、工程师和音乐技术教授，他发现自己在创作上陷入了一种俗套，于是决定创造一种能激发他新的音乐灵感的机器人）”可知，他创造西蒙是为了激发他的音乐灵感，故答案为He created Shimon to inspire him with new musical ideas./To inspire him with new musical ideas.
46．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Instead of putting any of our favorite musicians out of work, robots will certainly be challenging and inspiring them in new ways. The cooperation between humans and robots can produce new and attractive music, leading to novel musical outcomes.（机器人不会让我们最喜欢的音乐家失业，它肯定会以新的方式给他们带来挑战和启发。人类和机器人之间的合作可以产生新的和有吸引力的音乐，带来新的音乐结果）”可知，人工智能并没有对艺术家的工作产生负面影响，故答案为Nowadays AI creates many jobs for humans, but it has a negative effect on the work of artists.
According to the passage, AI can work with artists to improve their work rather than affect it negatively. By cooperating with AI, artists can be inspired and motivated in new ways, which may lead to new and attractive artistic outcomes.
47．主观题。本题为主观题，答案不唯一，本文是讲述人工智能这一对象，可对于人工智能的利弊方面自由发挥。以下答案供参考：In my opinion, AI has both benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, AI improves our study and life in several ways. It upgrades our learning style, such as AI teaching, which offers true freedom in time, space and studying pace. AI also brings great convenience to our life, like smart housing system. On the other hand, we also risk losing our independent mind if we rely on AI too much. So we should react to the effects of AI wisely.
48．Revenge sleep procrastination refers to a phenomenon in which we delay going to sleep to do other unimportant things that we haven't had time to do in the day. 49．It causes a very poor work and life balance. And it impacts sleep quality a lot, which can lead to adverse implications on physical and mental health. 50．For some procrastinators, their sleep trouble results from the blue light, pleasure chemicals and their unawareness of the bad effects while they use social media apps before bed.
According to the passages, although the procrastinators already know using social media apps before bed has negative effects on their health, they can't help using them. 51．I would fight such type of procrastination in two ways. Planning time effectively could give me more control of my day, like prioritizing studying or other necessary stuff and sparing the time for entertainment. Plus, at bedtime, I would keep my phone in the living room to avoid addictive social media apps.
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是“报复性睡眠拖延症”，说明了其坏处及应对方法。
48．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段““revenge sleep procrastination” refers to a phenomenon in which we delay going to sleep to do other unimportant things that we haven’t had time to do in the day(“报复性睡眠拖延症”指的是我们为了去做白天没时间做的那些不重要的事情而推迟睡觉时间。)”可知，“报复性睡眠拖延症”是指我们推迟睡觉去做白天没时间做的其他不重要的事情。故答案为Revenge sleep procrastination refers to a phenomenon in which we delay going to sleep to do other unimportant things that we haven't had time to do in the day.
49．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段““revenge sleep procrastination” refers to a phenomenon in whi