湖南省衡阳县第四中学2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试英语试卷（创新班）

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湖南省衡阳县第四中学2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试英语试卷（创新班）
一、听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
1．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）When will the game start
A．At 18:00. B．At 19:00. C．At 22:00.
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: After waiting for half an hour in line, I finally got tickets to tonight's game. It starts at 7:00 and ends at 10:00.
W: Great! I will pick you up at 6:00.
【分析】问题：比赛什么时候开始？根据“It starts at 7:00”7点开始，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
2．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）Where will the girl eat breakfast
A．At the school cafe. B．At the library. C．At home.
【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I'm going to make breakfast for us. Do you want to eat a pancake or beef burger
W: Thanks, Dad. But I'm in a hurry. I have to meet my friend at the library in an hour. I'll get a quick breakfast at the school cafe.
【分析】问题：女孩将在哪里吃早餐？根据“ I'll get a quick breakfast at the school cafe.”我会在学校餐馆吃一顿早餐。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地去抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
3．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）What is the woman doing
A．Doing her homework. B．Taking exercise. C．Watching TV.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Mary, have you finished your homework Are you watching the new TV series
W: Yes. Mom and Dad have gone to the gym so I'm watching it here. Do you want to watch it with me
【分析】问题：女士在做什么？根据“so I'm watching it here”所以我在这里看，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，听录音时抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
4．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）What are the speakers doing
A．Playing a game. B．Planning a game. C．Watching a game.
【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: This time, I will go first. You went first the past two times.
M: But I also won the last two games. Play the game fairly!
【分析】问题：谈话人在做什么？根据“But I also won the last two games. Play the game fairly!”但我也赢得了最后两场比赛。公平地玩游戏！故选A。
【点评】考查对话型听力题。听前要快速浏览答语，理解答语意思，听时要注意力集中，选出答案。
5．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）What does the man suggest the woman save money for
A．A purse. B．A watch. C．Warm clothes.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: When I get more money, I'll buy a new purse or a new watch.
M: You should save money to buy warm clothes. It's almost December.
【分析】问题：男士建议女士存钱做什么？根据“ You should save money to buy warm clothes.”你应该攒钱买暖和的衣服。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地去听关键词。
二、听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）听录音，回答问题。
6．How does the woman want to go to Jess's this time
A．By car. B．On foot. C．By bike.
7．Why is the woman going to Jess's
A．To do homework. B．To eat dinner. C．To see a film.
【答案】6．B
7．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I still don't think it's a good idea. It's just too cold to walk outside. Besides, at this time of night it's hard for drivers to see you.
W: Don't worry. I'll be fine. Jess lives only two blocks away. It's right on Main Street. I ride my bike there all the time.
M: What are you going there for, anyway Did you even finish your homework
W: I finished before dinner. I'm going there to watch a movie with her. I'll call you once I get there.
【点评】考查细节理解。首先理解题干，其次注意听句子，抓住关键词。
6．问题：女士这次想怎么去 Jess 家？根据“It's just too cold to walk outside. ”在外面步行太冷了；以及“ Don't worry. I'll be fine”别担心。我会没事的，故选B。
7．问题：为什么女士要去杰斯家？根据“ I'm going there to watch a movie with her.”我要去那里和她一起看电影。故选C。
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）听录音，回答问题。
8．What did the woman like about Ireland
A．The local people. B．The cost of travel. C．The weather.
9．What's the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Family members. B．Good friends. C．Guide and tourist.
【答案】8．A
9．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: It's been a whole year since our long tour of Ireland. Should we go back there again for holiday, Kelly
W: It was way too rainy and cold when we were in Ireland, and the trip cost me a lot. The people there were so friendly, though!
M: Then let's just get our friends together and go to the beach.
W: Yes, it would be easier not to take time off from work.
M: I'm not working now, but my family would prefer me not to travel far away and save money.
W: Great. If we get a group of our friends together, we can share the cost and it won't be expensive.
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先阅读题目，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
8．问题：这位女士喜欢爱尔兰的什么？根据“The people there were so friendly, though!”不过那里的人很友好！故选A。
9．问题：谈话人之间可能的关系是什么？根据“ but my family would prefer me not to travel far away and save money.”但我的家人希望我不要远行，节省开支；以及“If we get a group of our friends together, we can share the cost and it won't be expensive.”如果我们让一群朋友聚在一起，我们可以分担费用，而且不会很贵。可推知他们可能是朋友，故选B。
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）听录音，回答问题。
10．What does the man say about electric energy
A．It's cheaper.
B．It's more convenient.
C．It pollutes less.
11．Which country uses the most electric cars according to the man
A．China. B．Germany. C．Japan.
12．What does the man think will happen by 2050
A．Everyone will use public transport.
B．There will be bicycles everywhere.
C．Electric cars will replace gas cars.
【答案】10．C
11．A
12．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Yesterday I read about electric energy for cars replacing gas.
W: Does electric energy mean it's more environmentally-friendly and cheaper
M: It is always less polluting. In the future, companies will improve technology to make it cheaper and more convenient as well.
W: Which places use the most electric cars
M: Right now it is China.
W: Don't you think we will just use buses and trains instead of cars in the future
M: I think people will only drive electric cars by 2050 because of advanced technology from China, Germany, Japan, and the US.
W: I think people will use more bicycles as well and the air in big cities will become cleaner!
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先理解题干，其次注意听句子，抓住关键词。
10．问题：关于电能，男士说了什么？根据“It is always less polluting.”它总是污染较少。故选C。
11．问题：根据男士的说法，哪个国家使用的电动汽车最多？根据“Which places use the most electric cars ”哪些地方使用最多的电动汽车？；以及“Right now it is China.”现在是中国，故选A。
12．问题：男士认为到2050年会发生什么？根据“I think people will only drive electric cars by 2050 because of advanced technology from China, Germany, Japan, and the US.”我认为，由于中国、德国、日本和美国的先进技术，到2050年，人们只会驾驶电动汽车。故选C。
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）听录音，回答问题。
13．How many universities has the man attended
A．One. B．Two. C．Three.
14．What are the man's talks about
A．Job hunting. B．College life. C．Teaching skills.
15．What does the man advise the woman to study
A．Writing. B．Physics. C．Math.
16．What is the woman worried about
A．Her grades. B．Her tuition fees. C．Her parents' health.
【答案】13．C
14．B
15．A
16．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Receiving a good education means that you will have more options when you try to find a job.
W: Did you go to university, sir
M: I have been to three different universities. That is how much I love learning.
W: So are you a teacher
M: Not in the same way as your other teachers. I go around schools giving talks about university life, to prepare them and help them if they are looking to apply. Do you want to go to university
W: I do, but I don't know what I want to study.
M: What subjects are you strong on
W: I get good grades in math and physics, but I want to be a writer.
M: Then you should study writing and maybe languages, too.
W: Even though I want to go, I am not sure whether my family can afford to send me.
M: That's another reason I visit schools. The universities I work for offer help and support when it comes to funding education.
W: I'm so glad to hear that. Now please tell me more about it.
【点评】考查细节理解，首先理解题干，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
13．问题：男士上过多少所大学？根据“ I have been to three different universities. ”我去过三所不同的大学。故选C。
14．问题：男士在说什么？根据“I go around schools giving talks about university life, to prepare them and help them if they are looking to apply.”我在学校里做关于大学生活的讲座，为他们做好准备，如果他们想申请，我会帮助他们。故选B。
15．问题：男士建议女士学习什么？根据“Then you should study writing and maybe languages, too.”然后你应该学习写作，也许还应该学习语言。故选A。
16．问题：女士担心什么？根据“Even though I want to go, I am not sure whether my family can afford to send me.”尽管我想去，但我不确定我的家人能否负担得起送我去。故选B。
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）听录音，回答问题。
17．What did Jack usually do while he walked
A．He looked up at the sky.
B．He thought about something.
C．He picked up trash.
18．What did Jack find on the ground
A．A coin. B．Candy. C．A bug.
19．What did Jack do in the end
A．He brought the object with him.
B．He gave the object to someone.
C．He left the object on the ground.
20．Who would most likely discover the same thing as Jack
A．His teacher. B．His classmate. C．A homeless person.
【答案】17．B
18．A
19．C
20．B
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】M: One day, Jack was walking home from school. He liked to think about important things while he was walking, and he often looked down at the sidewalk while he thought. He never noticed most things like bugs and small pieces of trash. But this day, a shiny coin caught his eyes. He stopped and picked it up. It was a nice dollar coin. With that, he could buy a package of candy. But he decided to put the coin on the ground again. What if a homeless person might need that money more than he did He could buy a cup of hot coffee or a loaf of bread with it. But then, Jack quickly picked up the coin again. What if one of the wealthy guys found it But just as quickly, Jack put the coin onto the ground and walked away, because he had seen the poorest boy in his class heading in the same direction, with his eyes also on the ground.
【点评】考查听力理解能力，首先看懂问题，然后根据问题在文中找出依据，选出正确答案。
17．问题：杰克走路时通常做什么？根据“He liked to think about important things while he was walking,”他喜欢边走边想重要的事情，故选B。
18．问题：杰克在地上发现了什么？根据“But this day, a shiny coin caught his eyes. He stopped and picked it up.”但这一天，一枚闪亮的硬币吸引了他的目光。他停下来拿起了它。故选A。
19．问题：杰克最后做了什么？根据“But he decided to put the coin on the ground again.”但他决定再次把硬币放在地上；以及““But just as quickly, Jack put the coin onto the ground and walked away”但同样快的是，杰克把硬币放在地上走开了，故选C。
20．问题：谁最有可能发现和杰克一样的东西？根据“But just as quickly, Jack put the coin onto the ground and walked away, because he had seen the poorest boy in his class heading in the same direction, with his eyes also on the ground.”但同样快的是，杰克把硬币放在地上走开了，因为他看到了班上最穷的男孩朝着同一个方向走，他的眼睛也在地上。故选B。
三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
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21．Which of the following is the main advantage of the Dynamic Immersion method
A．It encourages the active memorization of words.
B．It provides the user with many exercises in grammar.
C．It teaches by translating the foreign language into the user's native language.
D．It allows the user to master a language in a shorter time than the average.
22．Which of the following skills in the program has more to do with the learner's life experiences
A．Listening B．Reading C．Speaking D．Writing
23．In order to know his or her progress, what does a user of this software do
A．He/she turns to the automated tutorials.
B．He/she completes all the 20 activities in each lesson.
C．He/she calls 1800-6310-1389 to seek advice from a teacher.
D．He/she compares his or her voice with the native language.
【答案】21．D
22．B
23．A
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，对一款能够快速进行语言教学的动态沉浸式教学法进行了广告宣传。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇广告类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
21．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Guaranteed! The Fastest Way to Learn a Language"保证！学习一门语言最快的方法；以及第二段中的"Using the award-winning Dynamic Immersion (互动沉浸式) method, our interactive (人机对话的) software teaches without translation, memorization or grammar exercises. "使用屡获殊荣的动态沉浸式教学方法，我们的互动软件无需翻译、记忆或语法练习。可知，动态沉浸式教学法的主要优点是它允许使用者在比一般人更短的时间内掌握一门语言。故选D。
22．考查细节理解。根据中的"Reading: Text exercises develop your reading skills by linking written language to real-life objects, actions and ideas. "阅读：文本练习通过将书面语言与现实生活中的物体、动作和想法联系起来，提高你的阅读技能。可知，课程中的阅读技巧更多地与学习者的生活经历有关。故选B。
23．考查细节理解。根据中的"Automated tutorials (辅导) that assess where you need extra help. "自动化教程评估您需要额外帮助的地方。可知，为了了解进度，该软件的用户需要转向自动化教程。故选A。
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Would you BET on the future of this man He
is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt
and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he
has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to
write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has
appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote(《堂吉诃德》). And the story poses
an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and
creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before
We've all known people who run out of
steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those
who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people
who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed
attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the
variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become
trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we
are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom
involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't
change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to
please, some people are never going to love us — an idea that troubles at first
but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can
keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our
life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to
something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones,
to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate(视……等同于) "commitment" with such "caring" occupations as
teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in
itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence —
whether they are driving a truck, or running a store — make the world better
just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable
lesson.
24．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________.
A．loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B．age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C．misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D．disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
25．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．End one's struggle for liberty.
B．Waste one's energy taking risks.
C．Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D．Lose the interest to continue learning.
26．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5
A．A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B．A wise man can live without self-pity.
C．A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D．A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
27．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
【答案】24．B
25．D
26．D
27．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；教育文化类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，以名著《堂吉诃德》的作者Cervantes的事迹为例，讲述了想要成功，就要不断地学习，这样人生才有意义。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
24．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book. ”他今年53岁，他成年后的大部分时间都在与债务和不幸作斗争。战争中受伤使他的左手失去了功能，他经常被关进监狱。在不知道什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书)"可知，Cervantes已经53岁，不再年轻，前半生一直生活在不幸中，但即便这样，他还是决定写一本书；以及第二段中的"The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.”事实证明，这本书已经吸引了全世界350多年。可知，他最终实现了目标，并取得了巨大成功。可推知，文章用Cervantes的故事作为开始，是为了告诉读者年龄不是实现目标的障碍。故选B。
25．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.”我说的不是那些没能到达巅峰的人，我们不可能都到达巅峰，我说的是那些停止学习和成长的人，因为随着岁月的流逝，他们已经采取了固定的态度和观点。可知，作者谈论的是那些还没走到人生的一半，就失去了继续学习的兴趣的人。可推知，划线词组run out of steam意思是"失去继续学习的兴趣"。故选D。
26．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us — an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.”我们学会了忍受我们无法改变的事情。我们学会避免自怜。我们知道，无论我们多么努力地取悦别人，有些人永远不会爱我们—— 这个想法一开始很让人苦恼，但最终会让人释怀。可推知，作者是想告诉我们，要学会用恰当的方式来对待生活。故选D。
27．考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我)”有了高度的动力和热情，我们可以继续学习，然后我们就会知道在我们的生活中有意义是多么的重要；然而，只有当我们对一些比我们自己的小我更大的东西做出承诺时，我们才能实现生活中的意义，并结合全文可知，作者的目的是为了给人们指导人们如何过上有意义的成年生活。故选A。
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an important part
of the brain. It is the center of your higher-order cognitive(认知的) processes — things like reasoning, self-control, and attention. Children
perform worse than adults on nearly all cognitive tasks because their PFC is
undeveloped. Why, then, do most adults struggle to learn new languages while
children pick them up with ease
To understand the apparent paradox,
it's important to know a bit about how language acquisition works. Learning
depends partly on two separate memory systems: declarative and procedural. Declarative
memory describes memorizing specific information like facts and events that can
be stated. This is where adults excel. Thanks to developed PFCs, they're able
to concentrate and acquire facts relatively quickly. Procedural memory, sometimes
referred to as muscle memory or body memory, describes acquiring skills and
non-conscious knowledge, reactions, and habits — things like playing the piano
or fearing insects. Brain areas involved in procedural learning develop early,
so children match adults in this area.
It might seem that language learning is based
in the declarative memory system, but growing evidence suggests that language
learning depends largely on procedural memory. It should be made clear that
much of language is built on patterns rather than accurate facts and rules. For
example, English words never begin with the "ng" sound and particular
words often group together. When acquiring language naturally, children pick up
on these tendencies without even noticing. But when adults actively try to
learn a new language, they tend to rely on their prefrontal cortex. Their
declarative memory system kicks in as they focus on memorizing vocabulary and
applying grammar, which usually results in poor learning.
This is not to say that learning vocabulary
and rules is completely useless; focusing on specifics can be helpful, and it
is where adults outperform children. However, evidence shows that learning can
improve when the PFC "turns off" and allows procedural memory system
to take lead. So instead of actively trying to focus and memorize, you'll
likely benefit more from allowing yourself to experience the language. You can
watch TV shows, attend discussion groups, or listen to music in the language.
28．What does the underlined word "paradox" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Contradictory situation. B．Classical theory.
C．Scientific viewpoint. D．Cognitive process.
29．Which of the following mainly involves procedural memory
A．Learning grammar rules. B．Classifying insects.
C．Playing a musical instrument. D．Remembering a friend's birthday.
30．What is true about language learning according to the text
A．Kids rely less on procedural memory.
B．Declarative memory may get in the way.
C．It's useless to memorize vocabulary and rules.
D．Adults pay much attention to language patterns.
31．What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A．To share tips for becoming successful learners.
B．To explain differences between adults and kids
C．To introduce major concepts of memory system.
D．To explore scientific ways for language learning.
【答案】28．A
29．C
30．B
31．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了成人和儿童在语言学习中大脑记忆的区别，以及科学的语言学习方法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
28．考查词义猜测。根据第一段"The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an important part of the brain. It is the center of your higher-order cognitive(认知的) processes—things like reasoning, self-control, and attention. Children perform worse than adults on nearly all cognitive tasks because their PFC is undeveloped. Why, then, do most adults struggle to learn new languages while children pick them up with ease ”前额叶脑皮层是大脑的重要部分。它是高阶认知过程的核心—比如推理、自控和注意力。儿童在几乎所有认知任务上的表现都比成年人差，因为他们的PFC尚未发育。那么，为什么大多数成年人在学习新语言时很吃力，而儿童却能轻松地学会呢？可知，儿童的PFC尚未发育，所以他们的认知表现比成年人差，但是在语言学习上却又比成年人效果好，这是一种矛盾的现象，由此可推知划线词paradox与Contradictory situation同义，表示"矛盾的情况"。故选A。
29．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Procedural memory, sometimes referred to as muscle memory or body memory, describes acquiring skills and non-conscious knowledge, reactions, and habits—things like playing the piano or fearing insects. ”程序记忆，有时被称为肌肉记忆或身体记忆，记录习得性技能和无意识知识、反应和习惯，例如弹钢琴或害怕昆虫。可知，弹奏钢琴等乐器涉及到程序记忆。故选C。
30．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Their declarative memory system kicks in as they focus on memorizing vocabulary and applying grammar, which usually results in poor learning. ”当他们专注于记忆词汇和应用语法时，他们的陈述性记忆系统开始发挥作用，这通常会导致不良的学习成果。可知，陈述性记忆可能会成为语言学习的一种阻碍。故选B。
31．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"So instead of actively trying to focus and memorize, you'll likely benefit more from allowing yourself to experience the language. You can watch TV shows, attend discussion groups, or listen to music in the language. ”因此，与其积极努力集中注意力和记忆，不如让自己去体验这门语言，你可能会受益更多。你可以看电视节目，参加讨论小组，或者听该门语言的音乐。可知，作者通过前文对成人和儿童语言学习差别的分析，给出了语言学习的方法建议。故选D。
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Kindness is seen as a true strength, and the success of civilizations
relies on kindness. As parents and teachers, we also teach children from a
young age to "be kind to one another" and "treat others the way
you want to be treated. "
In addition
to being helpful to our interpersonal relationships, research has shown that
kindness can even contribute to our well-being. According to the Mayo Clinic,
when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is
activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone(激素)
Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And
what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person. There
can be a positive contagion(扩散) effect, where other
people are motivated to be nice if they receive a random act of kindness. The
question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear
benefits Let's think about this in the workplace or in an organization.
You are the
new person on the team and you want to be well-liked and respected by your
colleagues. You are a kind person and tell your team, "Let me know how I
can help you; I'm always available to help. " Though you may truly mean
this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as
a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.
Let's fast
forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are
working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue
asking for your help over and over again. In fact, the only time they
communicate with you is when they need something. You have been so helpful to
your colleagues and there has rarely been any return from them.
In a very
broad sense, it is advantageous to be kind to others, and your kind acts will
be appreciated and, perhaps, paid forward. However, you need to be willing to
say "no". Recognize when your plate is already too full. When
people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to
give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable
saying "no" to others and saying "yes" to yourself.
32．What has the Mayo Clinic found concerning kindness
A．It does good to our mind.
B．It reduces hormone levels.
C．It adds years to people's life.
D．It leads to the success of civilizations.
33．What might the new person feel one year later
A．Grateful. B．Bored. C．Disappointed. D．Energetic.
34．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean
A．When you're too full to eat anything.
B．When your kind acts get appreciated.
C．When you should ask others a favor.
D．When you're physically and mentally tired.
35．What can be the best title for the text
A．Your kindness counts for your well-being!
B．Are we tiring ourselves with kindness
C．Why are random acts of kindness important
D．Never underestimate the power of kindness at work!
【答案】32．A
33．C
34．D
35．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；教育文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了善良被视为一种真正的力量，父母和老师教导我们善待他人，善意有如此明显的好处，它会对我们有害吗？当人们要求帮忙时，要评估自己是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要更自在地对别人说“不”，对自己说“是”。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
32．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"According to the Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person.”根据梅奥诊所的说法，当我们进行善举时，我们大脑中的快乐中心被激活，释放减压激素定期志愿服务的人报告更高的生活满意度。更重要的是，善良很少只停留在一个人身上。可知，实行善举可以激活大脑中的快乐，释放压力和提高生活满意度，即对我们的大脑是有好处的。故选A。
33．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Though you may truly mean this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others. ”虽然你可能真的是这个意思，但不幸的是，这个世界上有些人可以将你的善良视为一种弱点。这可能会导致你被别人利用；第四段中的"Let's fast forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue asking for your help over and over again. ”让我们快进一年。你现在已经在你的职位上工作了一年，你正在与同一个团队合作。你注意到你的同事一遍又一遍地向你寻求帮助。可知，新人一年后可能会被别人利用，会受到伤害，即会失望。故选C。
34．考查句义猜测。根据最后一段中的"When people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable saying‘no’ to others and saying ‘yes’ to yourself.”当人们要求你帮忙时，评估你是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要真正善良，有时你需要更自在地对别人说"不"，对自己说"是"。可知，在决定是否帮助别人时，要看自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，以此推测划线句子指的是要意识到自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，即要意识到自己是否身心疲惫。故选D。
35．考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的"The question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear benefits Let's think about this in the workplace or in an organization.”那么问题来了：当善良有如此明显的好处时，它会对我们有害吗？让我们在工作场所或组织中考虑这个问题；和文意可知，本文主要在讲做善事对我们是否有坏处，即B选项Are we tiring ourselves with kindness 最适合做本文的标题。故选B。
四、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Your own backyard may be a fun place to play. You may have trees to climb, and insects to study. 　36． 　. But did you know these things are related to each other through the food chain Every part of nature belongs to a community where each member uses the lower members to stay alive.
Every part of the world has food chains, including the oceans and the deserts(沙漠). 　37． 　, the whole chain could fall apart. The food chain is most disturbed(扰乱) by people because we build neighborhoods on the land where animals live and we pollute the environment. Both these actions make it difficult for other living things to survive. Still there is a lot we can do to protect the parts of food chains. Here are some ideas that can help:
　38． 　. Make your backyard a place that other living things can enjoy. Plant more flowers and trees. And, most of all, try not to disturb the places where other animals live.
Do not pollute the environment. Recycle(回收) any material you can. 　39． 　. Having fewer cars on the road means having better air for all of us to breathe.
Keep learning about and respecting(尊重) plants, animals, and the environment. 　40． 　. You may even pass it on to your own children someday. It's important that as many people as possible protect nature and keep the food chain whole.
A. Share your space
B. If you ever want to see it
C. But if one part is taken away
D. We depend on each other for food and survival
E. Ride your bike or walk to places that you need to go
F. You can then pass this information on to your parents and friends
G. Maybe you hear birds singing or see your pet cat sleeping in the sun
【答案】36．G；37．C；38．A；39．E；40．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了保护生态平衡的重要性以及方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读， 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
36．根据空前"Your own backyard may be a fun place to play. You may have trees to climb, and insects to study. ”你自己的后院可能是一个好玩的地方。你可以爬树，研究昆虫。可知，在后院，你可以近距离的接触动植物，可以做很多的事，承接上文， G. Maybe you hear birds singing or see your pet cat sleeping in the sun "也许你可以听到鸟在唱歌或者看见宠物猫在太阳下睡觉"是在后院接触动物的例子。故选G。
37．根据空前"Every part of the world has food chains”世界的每一部分都有食物链，可知，上文讲食物链的每一部分都很重要；结合空后"the whole chain could fall apart.”整个食物链可能会垮掉。可知，下文讲在某种情况下导致的坏结果，那么，空格处就应该是条件或者假设，承接上下文， C. But if one part is taken away "但是，如果食物链中的一部分缺失"符合语境，故选C。
38．根据空后"Make your backyard a place that other living things can enjoy. Plant more flowers and trees. And, most of all, try not to disturb the places where other animals live. ”使你的后院成为一个其它生物都喜欢的地方。种植更多的花和树。最重要的是，尽量不要打扰其他动物居住的地方。可知，你要和这些生物和平共处，不要干扰它们的生活，说明要与动植物分享空间，承接下文， A. Share your space "共享你的空间"符合语境，故选A。
39．根据空前"Do not pollute the environment. Recycle any material you can.”不要污染环境。尽可能回收任何材料；以及空后"Having fewer cars on the road means having better air for all of us to breathe.”公路上如果小汽车少就意味着我们可以呼吸较新鲜的空气。可知，上文作者建议不要污染环境，还进行了举例说明，下文讲汽车少的好结果，可得出为了不污染环境、呼吸较新鲜的空气，可以少开车，用其它更环保的方式出行，减少污染，承接上下文， E. Ride your bike or walk to places that you need to go "你需要做的是骑自行车或者走路"符合语境，故选E。
40．根据空前"Keep learning about and respecting plants, animals, and the environment. ”不断学习并尊重植物、动物和环境；以及空后"You may even pass it on to your own children someday.”有一天，你甚至可以将这个传递给你自己的孩子。可知，正确的观念(即不断学习并尊重植物、动物和环境)需要发扬光大。 F. You can then pass this information on to your parents and friends "你可以将这个信息传递给父母和朋友"也是对正确观念的肯定，F项使用You can then pass…; 下文使用You may even pass…。根据句式相同原则可知F项符合语境，故选F。
五、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Having a clear picture in mind of what their future will look like can
motivate students to keep going despite the challenges of college life. This 41． seems to be particularly effective for female
students from relatively low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds says Mesmin
Destin of Northwestern University in the US. College is a time of great
opportunity for some, but can be 42． for others. It is often the first time that many
students are away from the regular and familiar support of their family and
friends. Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater
financial and psychological challenges than others, and this can lead to 43． and even withdrawal from difficult situations,
such as when interacting with their lecturers or taking tests and exams.
Destin and
his colleagues wanted to understand if students' 44． to academic challenges improve when they look
forward to the future. This idea is built around the theory of identity-based
motivation. It holds that people can take positive action during times of
unfavorable conditions when they 45． a
successful future for themselves.
"The
theory of identity-based motivation proposes that stimulating a focus on a
successful future identity may be especially 46． in motivating students who are weak during
challenging academic situations to develop a sense of action readiness,"
explains Destin. "This involves feeling ready and able to take appropriate
action when 47． difficulty.
In two
almost identical laboratory experiments — one involving 93 female students, the
other 185 students (including 101 women) — participants were first asked either
to write about their past or their future 48． .
After their deep thoughts, the participants were filmed during an imitated
interview with a so-called lecturer, and then had to 49． a difficult academic test. The research team
noted whether participants' body language was bold and confident, and measured
the amount of effort participants' 50． the academic test.
The results
were in agreement with the theory of identity-based motivation. Destin and his
team found that having a successful future identity can prevent especially
female students from lower SES backgrounds from 51． during challenging academic situations. Specifically,
lower SES women who wrote about their future identities displayed greater action
52． compared to those who
considered their past. They showed more confident body language. It helped them
to make more effort to tackle the test, and had an indirect effect on their 53． .
"Stimulating
imagined successful future identities appears to provide a 54． pathway to enable weak students to effectively
navigate everyday stressors," says Destin. "The findings 55． suggest that certain students may benefit from
strategies that remind them to image their successful futures before any
difficult and important task that they might otherwise be likely to avoid. "
41．A．instruction B．strategy C．challenge D．psychology
42．A．disgraceful B．shameful C．harmful D．stressful
43．A．hesitation B．intention C．depression D．decision
44．A．willingness B．options C．responses D．applications
45．A．destroy B．imagine C．abandon D．substitute
46．A．powerful B．upright C．unique D．ambitious
47．A．avoiding B．overcoming C．surrendering D．encountering
48．A．experience B．suffering C．success D．failure
49．A．design B．complete C．comment D．revise
50．A．put away B．put on C．put out D．put into
51．A．withdrawing B．transforming C．advancing D．engaging
52．A．quantity B．dullness C．readiness D．inability
53．A．fascination B．ignorance C．dilemma D．performance
54．A．tolerable B．potential C．straight D．academic
55．A．therefore B．however C．otherwise D．meanwhile
【答案】41．B；42．D；43．A；44．C；45．B；46．A；47．D；48．C；49．B；50．D；51．A；52．C；53．D；54．B；55．A
【知识点】说明文；科普环保类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现想象自己的成功未来这一策略会让大学生受益。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
41．句意：这一策略似乎对社会经济地位相对较低的女学生特别有效。A. instruction“指令”；B. strategy“策略，战略”；C. challenge“挑战”；D. psychology“心理”。根据上文“ Having a clear picture in mind of what their future will look like can motivate students to keep going despite the challenges of college life. ”，对自己的未来有一个清晰的认识可以激励学生在大学生活的挑战中继续前进，此处指的就是这个策略，文章最后一句话中的"strategies"也是提示。故选B。
42．句意：大学对一些人来说是一个很好的机会，但对另一些人来说可能会有压力。A. disgraceful“可耻的”；B. shameful“不体面的”；C. harmful“有害的”；D. stressful“有压力的，紧张的”。根据下文“. It is often the first time that many students are away from the regular and familiar support of their family and friends. Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others, and this can lead to 3 and even withdrawal from difficult situations”这往往是许多学生第一次远离家人和朋友经常和熟悉的支持，社会地位较低的弱势学生往往比其他人遇到更大的经济和心理挑战，这可能导致犹豫，甚至从困难的情况下退缩，这说明大学对一些人来说可能是有压力的。故选D。
43．句意：这可能导致犹豫，甚至从困难的情况下退缩。A. hesitation“犹豫”；B. intention“目的”；C. depression“沮丧”；D. decision“决定”。根据空前“ Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others ”社会地位较低的弱势学生往往比其他人遇到更大的经济和心理挑战，因此这可能导致他们犹豫，甚至从困难的情况下退缩。故选A。
44．句意：Destin和他的同事们希望了解学生在展望未来时，对学术挑战的反应是否有所改善。A. willingness“乐意”；B. options“选择”；C. responses“反应，回应”；D. applications“应用”。根据空后"to academic challenges improve when they look forward to the future. "可知，他们想知道学生在展望未来时，对学术挑战的反应是否有所改善。故选C。
45．句意：它认为，当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动。A. destroy“破坏”；B. imagine“想象，憧憬”；C. abandon“放弃”；D. substitute“替代”。根据上文“ This idea is built around the theory of identity-based motivation. ”这个想法是建立在基于身份的动机理论的基础上的，此处是对这个理论的解释，即：当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动。故选B。
46．句意：基于身份的动机理论认为，激发对成功的未来身份的关注可能特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识。A. powerful”强大的，有力量的“；B. upright”正直的“；C. unique”独特的“；D. ambitious”有抱负的“。根据上文，这个理论认为当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动，所以激发对成功的未来身份的关注会特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识，be powerful in"在……方面是有力的"。故选A。
47．句意：这包括在遇到困难时感到准备好并能够采取适当的行动。A. avoiding“避免”；B. overcoming“克服”；C. surrendering“投降”；D. encountering“遇到”。根据空前的"feeling ready and able to take appropriate action"可知，感到准备好并能够采取适当的行动是遇到困难时的反应。故选D。
48．句意：参与者首先被要求写下他们的过去或未来的成功。A. experience“经历，经验”；B. suffering“苦难”；C. success“成功”；D. failure“失败”。根据上文，基于身份的动机理论认为，激发对成功的未来身份的关注可能特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识，这个理论的核心就是"成功的身份"，所以参与者被要求写下他们的过去或未来的成功。故选C。
49．句意：经过深思熟虑后，参与者在模拟采访一位所谓讲师的过程中被拍摄下来，然后完成一次困难的学术测试。A. design“设计”；B. complete “完成”；C. comment “ 评论”；D. revise“修正”。根据下文“The research team noted whether participants' body language was bold and confident, and measured the amount of effort participants' 10 the academic test.”的研究团队衡量了参与者在学术测试中投入的努力程度可知，参与者需要完成一次困难的学术测试。故选B。
50．句意：研究团队记录了参与者的肢体语言是否大胆自信，并衡量了参与者在学术测试中投入的努力程度。A. put away“放好”；B. put on“穿上”；C. put out“熄灭”；D. put into“放进，放到”。根据空前的"measured the amount of effort"可知，研究团队衡量了参与者在学术测试中投入的努力程度。故选D。
51．句意：Destin和他的团队发现，拥有一个成功的未来身份可以防止特别是来自较低社会地位背景的女学生在充满挑战的学习环境中退缩。A. withdrawing“退缩，撤离”；B. transforming“转换”；C. advancing“推动”；D. engaging“从事”。根据上文，基于身份的动机理论认为当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动，所以此处是说拥有一个成功的未来身份可以防止特别是来自较低社会地位背景的女学生在充满挑战的学习环境中退缩。故选A。
52．句意：具体来说，社会经济地位较低的女性在写自己未来身份时，比那些考虑过去身份的女性表现出更强的行动准备。A. quantity“数量”；B. dullness“迟钝”；C. readiness“准备就绪，愿意”；D. inability“无能”。根据上文，基于身份的动机理论认为，激发对成功的未来身份的关注可能特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识，所以社会经济地位较低的女性在写自己未来身份时，比那些考虑过去身份的女性表现出更强的行动准备。故选C。
53．句意：这帮助她们更加努力地应对考试，并对她们的表现产生了间接影响。A. fascination“魅力”；B. ignorance“无知”；C. dilemma“困境”；D. performance“表现”。根据空前说她们表现出更加自信的肢体语言，这间接影响了她们的表现。故选D。
54．句意：激发想象中的成功的未来身份似乎提供了一条潜在的途径，使弱势学生能够有效应对日常压力。A. tolerable“可容忍的”；B. potential“潜在的”；C. straight“直的”；D. academic“学术的”。根据空后的" pathway to enable weak students to effectively navigate everyday stressors"可知，激发想象中的成功的未来身份提供了一条使弱势学生能够有效应对日常压力的潜在途径。故选B。
55．句意：因此，研究结果表明，某些学生可能会从一些策略中受益，这些策略提醒他们在完成任何困难而重要的任务之前，先想象自己成功的未来，否则他们可能会逃避这些任务。A. therefore“因此”；B. however“然而”；C. otherwise“否则”；D. meanwhile“同时”。此处总结上文，说的是这个研究结果的意义，前后是因果关系，此处表示结果。故选A。
六、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is easy to get carried away in 　56． 　 argument. While 　57． 　(have) a reasonable conversation with someone who has a different opinion might seems like a challenge, it is possible. One way is to approach the other person 　58． 　understanding. The Empathy (共鸣) Challenge is an exercise 　59． 　 (create) by Zoe Chance, senior lecturer at the Yale School of Management. At Yale, Chanice teaches a course called "Mastering Influence and Persuasion" where students learn to communicate 　60． 　(effective).
In her blog, Chance explains 　61． 　 is important to listen to people who disagree with you. "As they explain their position, you listen for their hidden values. Finally, you look for common ground as you reflect those values back. That's it. "
Chance first took this challenge herself before asking her students to try. As she couldn't understand why many people preferred 　62． 　(vote) for Donald Trump, she found three Trump's voters and spoke with them.
Through asking questions, Chance was able to understand them and realize they had similar feelings. One man, an Orthodox Jew, 　63． 　 (explain) that he supported Trump because Trump's daughter and son-in-law are Jewish. The next man was a Russian immigrant eager for freedom. The third was a lawyer 　64． 　 believed that honesty was important to political leaders.
Although Chance and those people had different political 　65． 　(belief), they were able to relate to the life values of others. And that's the point of the exercise-to understand others as fellow human beings.
【答案】56．an；57．having；58．with；59．created；60．effectively；61．it；62．to vote；63．explained；64．who/that；65．beliefs
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了虽然与持有不同意见的人进行理性对话似乎是一种挑战，但是有一种方法可以走进对方即同理心，这就是尊重不同的观点或立场。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及冠词，非谓语动词，介词，副词，代词，时态，定语从句，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
56．句意：在争论中很容易失去理智。分析句子，句中argument意为"争论"为名词，此处表示泛指，设空处应该使用冠词，argument的发音是元音音素开头。故填an。
57．句意：虽然与持不同意见的人进行合理的对话似乎是一种挑战，但这是可能的。设空处应该使用have的动名词形式having作让步状语从句的主语。故填having。
58．句意：一种方法是用理解来接近对方。分析句子，设空处应该使用介词与空后understanding构成介词短语，此处表示"用"介词使用with。故填with。
59．句意：同理心挑战是由耶鲁大学管理学院高级讲师佐伊·钱尼斯发起的一项练习。逻辑主语exercise与create之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，此处作后置定语，故填created。
60．句意：在耶鲁大学，钱尼斯教授一门名为"掌握影响力和说服"的课程，让学生学习有效沟通。分析句子，设空处应该使用effective的副词effectively作状语，修饰动词communicate，意为"有效地"。故填effectively。
61．句意：在她的博客中，钱尼斯解释说，倾听那些不同意你的人是很重要的。设空处应该使用it作形式主语，真正的主语为to listen。故填it。
62．句意：由于她不明白为什么很多人更愿意投票给唐纳德·特朗普，她找到了三个特朗普的选民，并与他们交谈。prefer to do固定短语，"更喜欢做某事"。故填to vote。
63．句意：一名正统犹太人解释说，他支持川普是因为川普的女儿和女婿是犹太人。设空为主句谓语动词，此处表示过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填explained。
64．句意：第三位是一位律师，他认为诚实对政治领导人很重要。 believed that honesty was important to political leaders 是限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，先行词是lawyer，为人，使用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。
65．句意：虽然吉斯和那些人有不同的政治信仰，但他们能够理解他人的人生价值观。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作宾语。根据文中different可知，此处belief应该使用复数形式。belief意为"信念，信条"，其复数为beliefs。故填beliefs。
七、写作（共两节，满分40分）
66．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Anna要参加主题为"水资源保护"(Thirsty Earth)的海报征集活动。她写信向你求助，请你回信，要点包括：
1）表示支持；
2）给出建议；
3）表达祝愿。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Anna,
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Anna,
Hearing that you plan to participate in the "Thirsty Earth" poster show activity, I feel happy for you and also honored to have the opportunity to offer some tips.
Firstly, it's important to make an eye-catching headline or slogan that helps people figure out the theme of water protection. Besides, adding pictures is strongly recommended to make the poster vivid. Last but not least, I hope you can find some related information of the present water situation on the earth and put it in simple sentences to cultivate people's awareness.
I hope my tips can be of help to you . Wish you a success in your poster design.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份回信 。写作背景： 你的英国笔友Anna要参加主题为"水资源保护"的海报征集活动。她写信向你求助。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）表示支持；2）给出建议；3）表达祝愿。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Hearing that you plan to participate in the "Thirsty Earth" poster show activity, I feel happy for you and also honored to have the opportunity to offer some tips.运用了现在分词作原因状语，宾语从句；Firstly, it's important to make an eye-catching headline or slogan that helps people figure out the theme of water protection. 运用了it作形式主语，限制性定语从句；Besides, adding pictures is strongly recommended to make the poster vivid. 运用了动名词作主语；Last but not least, I hope you can find some related information of the present water situation on the earth and put it in simple sentences to cultivate people's awareness.运用了宾语从句；I hope my tips can be of help to you .运用了宾语从句。
67．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Andy rode slowly on his way to school, daydreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.
He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the sky. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm(一大群) of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and they seemed to be heading angrily towards him.
With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding with great speed but without knowing how to escape the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇). The last sting had landed him in hospital and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to lie in bed for two whole days. Suddenly, his father's words came to him. "When you are in a tight situation, don't panic. Use your brain and think your way out of it. "
On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson's home. "Bees don't like smoke," he thought. "They couldn't get into the house. " Andy raced towards the Nelson's house, but the bees were gaining ground. Andy knew he could not reach the house in time. He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon. But he tried his best to keep calm so that he could come up with an idea to escape from the dangerous situation. Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam which was often used by Mr. Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden.
注意：
1）续写词数应为150左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Without hesitation, Andy jumped off his bike and dived into the cool water.
Paragraph 2:
In no time, his mother appeared in front of him.
【答案】Paragraph 1:
Without hesitation, Andy jumped off his bike and dived into the cool water. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. Mr. Nelson happened to be home and seeing the tired and wet boy, the owner took him inside. After knowing what Andy had experienced, he praised the boy and rang his mother.
Paragraph 2:
In no time, his mother appeared in front of him. Seeing Andy, his mother anxiously asked whether he was injured. Andy answered it was the dam that saved him. His mother laughed with relief and said he really needed that fishing break to help him recover. But Andy did not hear her. He was thinking his father's words "When you are in a tight situation, don't panic. " And he realized how important it was to listen to parents.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者在上学的路上遇到蜜蜂袭击，在这种紧急状况下，作者想起了父亲的话“当你在一个紧张的情况下，不要恐慌，动动脑筋，想办法解决问题。”，最终作者成功脱险的故事。 段落续写:①由第一段首句内容“安迪毫不犹豫地跳下自行车，跳入清凉的水中。”可知，第一段可描写作者通过水坝避开了蜜蜂。②由第二段首句内容“不一会儿，他的妈妈出现在他面前。”可知，第二段可描写母亲对作者的安慰以及作者的感悟。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. 运用了现在分词作状语；Mr. Nelson happened to be home and seeing the tired and wet boy, the owner took him inside. 运用了并列句；After knowing what Andy had experienced, he praised the boy and rang his mother.运用了动名词作介词宾语，宾语从句；Seeing Andy, his mother anxiously asked whether he was injured. 运用了宾语从句；Andy answered it was the dam that saved him. 运用了宾语从句，强调句；His mother laughed with relief and said he really needed that fishing break to help him recover. 运用了宾语从句； He was thinking his father's words "When you are in a tight situation, don't panic. " 运用了时间状语从句，祈使句；And he realized how important it was to listen to parents.运用了宾语从句。
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湖南省衡阳县第四中学2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试英语试卷（创新班）
一、听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
1．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）When will the game start
A．At 18:00. B．At 19:00. C．At 22:00.
2．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）Where will the girl eat breakfast
A．At the school cafe. B．At the library. C．At home.
3．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）What is the woman doing
A．Doing her homework. B．Taking exercise. C．Watching TV.
4．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）What are the speakers doing
A．Playing a game. B．Planning a game. C．Watching a game.
5．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）What does the man suggest the woman save money for
A．A purse. B．A watch. C．Warm clothes.
二、听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）听录音，回答问题。
6．How does the woman want to go to Jess's this time
A．By car. B．On foot. C．By bike.
7．Why is the woman going to Jess's
A．To do homework. B．To eat dinner. C．To see a film.
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）听录音，回答问题。
8．What did the woman like about Ireland
A．The local people. B．The cost of travel. C．The weather.
9．What's the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Family members. B．Good friends. C．Guide and tourist.
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）听录音，回答问题。
10．What does the man say about electric energy
A．It's cheaper.
B．It's more convenient.
C．It pollutes less.
11．Which country uses the most electric cars according to the man
A．China. B．Germany. C．Japan.
12．What does the man think will happen by 2050
A．Everyone will use public transport.
B．There will be bicycles everywhere.
C．Electric cars will replace gas cars.
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）听录音，回答问题。
13．How many universities has the man attended
A．One. B．Two. C．Three.
14．What are the man's talks about
A．Job hunting. B．College life. C．Teaching skills.
15．What does the man advise the woman to study
A．Writing. B．Physics. C．Math.
16．What is the woman worried about
A．Her grades. B．Her tuition fees. C．Her parents' health.
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）听录音，回答问题。
17．What did Jack usually do while he walked
A．He looked up at the sky.
B．He thought about something.
C．He picked up trash.
18．What did Jack find on the ground
A．A coin. B．Candy. C．A bug.
19．What did Jack do in the end
A．He brought the object with him.
B．He gave the object to someone.
C．He left the object on the ground.
20．Who would most likely discover the same thing as Jack
A．His teacher. B．His classmate. C．A homeless person.
三、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
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Each fully interactive course includes:
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21．Which of the following is the main advantage of the Dynamic Immersion method
A．It encourages the active memorization of words.
B．It provides the user with many exercises in grammar.
C．It teaches by translating the foreign language into the user's native language.
D．It allows the user to master a language in a shorter time than the average.
22．Which of the following skills in the program has more to do with the learner's life experiences
A．Listening B．Reading C．Speaking D．Writing
23．In order to know his or her progress, what does a user of this software do
A．He/she turns to the automated tutorials.
B．He/she completes all the 20 activities in each lesson.
C．He/she calls 1800-6310-1389 to seek advice from a teacher.
D．He/she compares his or her voice with the native language.
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Would you BET on the future of this man He
is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt
and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he
has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to
write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has
appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote(《堂吉诃德》). And the story poses
an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and
creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before
We've all known people who run out of
steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those
who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people
who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed
attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us, in fact, progressively narrow the
variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become
trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we
are willing to learn, the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom
involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can't
change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to
please, some people are never going to love us — an idea that troubles at first
but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can
keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our
life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to
something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones,
to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate(视……等同于) "commitment" with such "caring" occupations as
teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in
itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence —
whether they are driving a truck, or running a store — make the world better
just by being the kind of people they are. They've learned life's most valuable
lesson.
24．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that ________.
A．loss of freedom stimulates one's creativity
B．age is not a barrier to achieving one's goal
C．misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D．disability cannot stop a man's pursuit of success
25．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．End one's struggle for liberty.
B．Waste one's energy taking risks.
C．Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D．Lose the interest to continue learning.
26．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5
A．A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B．A wise man can live without self-pity.
C．A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D．A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
27．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an important part
of the brain. It is the center of your higher-order cognitive(认知的) processes — things like reasoning, self-control, and attention. Children
perform worse than adults on nearly all cognitive tasks because their PFC is
undeveloped. Why, then, do most adults struggle to learn new languages while
children pick them up with ease
To understand the apparent paradox,
it's important to know a bit about how language acquisition works. Learning
depends partly on two separate memory systems: declarative and procedural. Declarative
memory describes memorizing specific information like facts and events that can
be stated. This is where adults excel. Thanks to developed PFCs, they're able
to concentrate and acquire facts relatively quickly. Procedural memory, sometimes
referred to as muscle memory or body memory, describes acquiring skills and
non-conscious knowledge, reactions, and habits — things like playing the piano
or fearing insects. Brain areas involved in procedural learning develop early,
so children match adults in this area.
It might seem that language learning is based
in the declarative memory system, but growing evidence suggests that language
learning depends largely on procedural memory. It should be made clear that
much of language is built on patterns rather than accurate facts and rules. For
example, English words never begin with the "ng" sound and particular
words often group together. When acquiring language naturally, children pick up
on these tendencies without even noticing. But when adults actively try to
learn a new language, they tend to rely on their prefrontal cortex. Their
declarative memory system kicks in as they focus on memorizing vocabulary and
applying grammar, which usually results in poor learning.
This is not to say that learning vocabulary
and rules is completely useless; focusing on specifics can be helpful, and it
is where adults outperform children. However, evidence shows that learning can
improve when the PFC "turns off" and allows procedural memory system
to take lead. So instead of actively trying to focus and memorize, you'll
likely benefit more from allowing yourself to experience the language. You can
watch TV shows, attend discussion groups, or listen to music in the language.
28．What does the underlined word "paradox" in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Contradictory situation. B．Classical theory.
C．Scientific viewpoint. D．Cognitive process.
29．Which of the following mainly involves procedural memory
A．Learning grammar rules. B．Classifying insects.
C．Playing a musical instrument. D．Remembering a friend's birthday.
30．What is true about language learning according to the text
A．Kids rely less on procedural memory.
B．Declarative memory may get in the way.
C．It's useless to memorize vocabulary and rules.
D．Adults pay much attention to language patterns.
31．What is the author's purpose of writing the text
A．To share tips for becoming successful learners.
B．To explain differences between adults and kids
C．To introduce major concepts of memory system.
D．To explore scientific ways for language learning.
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Kindness is seen as a true strength, and the success of civilizations
relies on kindness. As parents and teachers, we also teach children from a
young age to "be kind to one another" and "treat others the way
you want to be treated. "
In addition
to being helpful to our interpersonal relationships, research has shown that
kindness can even contribute to our well-being. According to the Mayo Clinic,
when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is
activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone(激素)
Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And
what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person. There
can be a positive contagion(扩散) effect, where other
people are motivated to be nice if they receive a random act of kindness. The
question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear
benefits Let's think about this in the workplace or in an organization.
You are the
new person on the team and you want to be well-liked and respected by your
colleagues. You are a kind person and tell your team, "Let me know how I
can help you; I'm always available to help. " Though you may truly mean
this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as
a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.
Let's fast
forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are
working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue
asking for your help over and over again. In fact, the only time they
communicate with you is when they need something. You have been so helpful to
your colleagues and there has rarely been any return from them.
In a very
broad sense, it is advantageous to be kind to others, and your kind acts will
be appreciated and, perhaps, paid forward. However, you need to be willing to
say "no". Recognize when your plate is already too full. When
people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to
give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable
saying "no" to others and saying "yes" to yourself.
32．What has the Mayo Clinic found concerning kindness
A．It does good to our mind.
B．It reduces hormone levels.
C．It adds years to people's life.
D．It leads to the success of civilizations.
33．What might the new person feel one year later
A．Grateful. B．Bored. C．Disappointed. D．Energetic.
34．What does the underlined part in the last paragraph mean
A．When you're too full to eat anything.
B．When your kind acts get appreciated.
C．When you should ask others a favor.
D．When you're physically and mentally tired.
35．What can be the best title for the text
A．Your kindness counts for your well-being!
B．Are we tiring ourselves with kindness
C．Why are random acts of kindness important
D．Never underestimate the power of kindness at work!
四、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Your own backyard may be a fun place to play. You may have trees to climb, and insects to study. 　36． 　. But did you know these things are related to each other through the food chain Every part of nature belongs to a community where each member uses the lower members to stay alive.
Every part of the world has food chains, including the oceans and the deserts(沙漠). 　37． 　, the whole chain could fall apart. The food chain is most disturbed(扰乱) by people because we build neighborhoods on the land where animals live and we pollute the environment. Both these actions make it difficult for other living things to survive. Still there is a lot we can do to protect the parts of food chains. Here are some ideas that can help:
　38． 　. Make your backyard a place that other living things can enjoy. Plant more flowers and trees. And, most of all, try not to disturb the places where other animals live.
Do not pollute the environment. Recycle(回收) any material you can. 　39． 　. Having fewer cars on the road means having better air for all of us to breathe.
Keep learning about and respecting(尊重) plants, animals, and the environment. 　40． 　. You may even pass it on to your own children someday. It's important that as many people as possible protect nature and keep the food chain whole.
A. Share your space
B. If you ever want to see it
C. But if one part is taken away
D. We depend on each other for food and survival
E. Ride your bike or walk to places that you need to go
F. You can then pass this information on to your parents and friends
G. Maybe you hear birds singing or see your pet cat sleeping in the sun
五、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Having a clear picture in mind of what their future will look like can
motivate students to keep going despite the challenges of college life. This 41． seems to be particularly effective for female
students from relatively low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds says Mesmin
Destin of Northwestern University in the US. College is a time of great
opportunity for some, but can be 42． for others. It is often the first time that many
students are away from the regular and familiar support of their family and
friends. Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater
financial and psychological challenges than others, and this can lead to 43． and even withdrawal from difficult situations,
such as when interacting with their lecturers or taking tests and exams.
Destin and
his colleagues wanted to understand if students' 44． to academic challenges improve when they look
forward to the future. This idea is built around the theory of identity-based
motivation. It holds that people can take positive action during times of
unfavorable conditions when they 45． a
successful future for themselves.
"The
theory of identity-based motivation proposes that stimulating a focus on a
successful future identity may be especially 46． in motivating students who are weak during
challenging academic situations to develop a sense of action readiness,"
explains Destin. "This involves feeling ready and able to take appropriate
action when 47． difficulty.
In two
almost identical laboratory experiments — one involving 93 female students, the
other 185 students (including 101 women) — participants were first asked either
to write about their past or their future 48． .
After their deep thoughts, the participants were filmed during an imitated
interview with a so-called lecturer, and then had to 49． a difficult academic test. The research team
noted whether participants' body language was bold and confident, and measured
the amount of effort participants' 50． the academic test.
The results
were in agreement with the theory of identity-based motivation. Destin and his
team found that having a successful future identity can prevent especially
female students from lower SES backgrounds from 51． during challenging academic situations. Specifically,
lower SES women who wrote about their future identities displayed greater action
52． compared to those who
considered their past. They showed more confident body language. It helped them
to make more effort to tackle the test, and had an indirect effect on their 53． .
"Stimulating
imagined successful future identities appears to provide a 54． pathway to enable weak students to effectively
navigate everyday stressors," says Destin. "The findings 55． suggest that certain students may benefit from
strategies that remind them to image their successful futures before any
difficult and important task that they might otherwise be likely to avoid. "
41．A．instruction B．strategy C．challenge D．psychology
42．A．disgraceful B．shameful C．harmful D．stressful
43．A．hesitation B．intention C．depression D．decision
44．A．willingness B．options C．responses D．applications
45．A．destroy B．imagine C．abandon D．substitute
46．A．powerful B．upright C．unique D．ambitious
47．A．avoiding B．overcoming C．surrendering D．encountering
48．A．experience B．suffering C．success D．failure
49．A．design B．complete C．comment D．revise
50．A．put away B．put on C．put out D．put into
51．A．withdrawing B．transforming C．advancing D．engaging
52．A．quantity B．dullness C．readiness D．inability
53．A．fascination B．ignorance C．dilemma D．performance
54．A．tolerable B．potential C．straight D．academic
55．A．therefore B．however C．otherwise D．meanwhile
六、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is easy to get carried away in 　56． 　 argument. While 　57． 　(have) a reasonable conversation with someone who has a different opinion might seems like a challenge, it is possible. One way is to approach the other person 　58． 　understanding. The Empathy (共鸣) Challenge is an exercise 　59． 　 (create) by Zoe Chance, senior lecturer at the Yale School of Management. At Yale, Chanice teaches a course called "Mastering Influence and Persuasion" where students learn to communicate 　60． 　(effective).
In her blog, Chance explains 　61． 　 is important to listen to people who disagree with you. "As they explain their position, you listen for their hidden values. Finally, you look for common ground as you reflect those values back. That's it. "
Chance first took this challenge herself before asking her students to try. As she couldn't understand why many people preferred 　62． 　(vote) for Donald Trump, she found three Trump's voters and spoke with them.
Through asking questions, Chance was able to understand them and realize they had similar feelings. One man, an Orthodox Jew, 　63． 　 (explain) that he supported Trump because Trump's daughter and son-in-law are Jewish. The next man was a Russian immigrant eager for freedom. The third was a lawyer 　64． 　 believed that honesty was important to political leaders.
Although Chance and those people had different political 　65． 　(belief), they were able to relate to the life values of others. And that's the point of the exercise-to understand others as fellow human beings.
七、写作（共两节，满分40分）
66．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Anna要参加主题为"水资源保护"(Thirsty Earth)的海报征集活动。她写信向你求助，请你回信，要点包括：
1）表示支持；
2）给出建议；
3）表达祝愿。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Anna,
Yours,
Li Hua
67．（2023高一下·衡阳开学考）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Andy rode slowly on his way to school, daydreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.
He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the sky. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm(一大群) of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and they seemed to be heading angrily towards him.
With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding with great speed but without knowing how to escape the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇). The last sting had landed him in hospital and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to lie in bed for two whole days. Suddenly, his father's words came to him. "When you are in a tight situation, don't panic. Use your brain and think your way out of it. "
On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson's home. "Bees don't like smoke," he thought. "They couldn't get into the house. " Andy raced towards the Nelson's house, but the bees were gaining ground. Andy knew he could not reach the house in time. He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon. But he tried his best to keep calm so that he could come up with an idea to escape from the dangerous situation. Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam which was often used by Mr. Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden.
注意：
1）续写词数应为150左右；
2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Without hesitation, Andy jumped off his bike and dived into the cool water.
Paragraph 2:
In no time, his mother appeared in front of him.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: After waiting for half an hour in line, I finally got tickets to tonight's game. It starts at 7:00 and ends at 10:00.
W: Great! I will pick you up at 6:00.
【分析】问题：比赛什么时候开始？根据“It starts at 7:00”7点开始，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解，注意分析问句类型和内容，选出正确答案。
2．【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I'm going to make breakfast for us. Do you want to eat a pancake or beef burger
W: Thanks, Dad. But I'm in a hurry. I have to meet my friend at the library in an hour. I'll get a quick breakfast at the school cafe.
【分析】问题：女孩将在哪里吃早餐？根据“ I'll get a quick breakfast at the school cafe.”我会在学校餐馆吃一顿早餐。故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地去抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
3．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Mary, have you finished your homework Are you watching the new TV series
W: Yes. Mom and Dad have gone to the gym so I'm watching it here. Do you want to watch it with me
【分析】问题：女士在做什么？根据“so I'm watching it here”所以我在这里看，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，听录音前快速浏览选项，听录音时抓取关键词，选出正确答案。
4．【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: This time, I will go first. You went first the past two times.
M: But I also won the last two games. Play the game fairly!
【分析】问题：谈话人在做什么？根据“But I also won the last two games. Play the game fairly!”但我也赢得了最后两场比赛。公平地玩游戏！故选A。
【点评】考查对话型听力题。听前要快速浏览答语，理解答语意思，听时要注意力集中，选出答案。
5．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: When I get more money, I'll buy a new purse or a new watch.
M: You should save money to buy warm clothes. It's almost December.
【分析】问题：男士建议女士存钱做什么？根据“ You should save money to buy warm clothes.”你应该攒钱买暖和的衣服。故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解，首先读懂题意，然后带着问题有目的地去听关键词。
【答案】6．B
7．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: I still don't think it's a good idea. It's just too cold to walk outside. Besides, at this time of night it's hard for drivers to see you.
W: Don't worry. I'll be fine. Jess lives only two blocks away. It's right on Main Street. I ride my bike there all the time.
M: What are you going there for, anyway Did you even finish your homework
W: I finished before dinner. I'm going there to watch a movie with her. I'll call you once I get there.
【点评】考查细节理解。首先理解题干，其次注意听句子，抓住关键词。
6．问题：女士这次想怎么去 Jess 家？根据“It's just too cold to walk outside. ”在外面步行太冷了；以及“ Don't worry. I'll be fine”别担心。我会没事的，故选B。
7．问题：为什么女士要去杰斯家？根据“ I'm going there to watch a movie with her.”我要去那里和她一起看电影。故选C。
【答案】8．A
9．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: It's been a whole year since our long tour of Ireland. Should we go back there again for holiday, Kelly
W: It was way too rainy and cold when we were in Ireland, and the trip cost me a lot. The people there were so friendly, though!
M: Then let's just get our friends together and go to the beach.
W: Yes, it would be easier not to take time off from work.
M: I'm not working now, but my family would prefer me not to travel far away and save money.
W: Great. If we get a group of our friends together, we can share the cost and it won't be expensive.
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先阅读题目，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
8．问题：这位女士喜欢爱尔兰的什么？根据“The people there were so friendly, though!”不过那里的人很友好！故选A。
9．问题：谈话人之间可能的关系是什么？根据“ but my family would prefer me not to travel far away and save money.”但我的家人希望我不要远行，节省开支；以及“If we get a group of our friends together, we can share the cost and it won't be expensive.”如果我们让一群朋友聚在一起，我们可以分担费用，而且不会很贵。可推知他们可能是朋友，故选B。
【答案】10．C
11．A
12．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Yesterday I read about electric energy for cars replacing gas.
W: Does electric energy mean it's more environmentally-friendly and cheaper
M: It is always less polluting. In the future, companies will improve technology to make it cheaper and more convenient as well.
W: Which places use the most electric cars
M: Right now it is China.
W: Don't you think we will just use buses and trains instead of cars in the future
M: I think people will only drive electric cars by 2050 because of advanced technology from China, Germany, Japan, and the US.
W: I think people will use more bicycles as well and the air in big cities will become cleaner!
【点评】考查长对话理解，首先理解题干，其次注意听句子，抓住关键词。
10．问题：关于电能，男士说了什么？根据“It is always less polluting.”它总是污染较少。故选C。
11．问题：根据男士的说法，哪个国家使用的电动汽车最多？根据“Which places use the most electric cars ”哪些地方使用最多的电动汽车？；以及“Right now it is China.”现在是中国，故选A。
12．问题：男士认为到2050年会发生什么？根据“I think people will only drive electric cars by 2050 because of advanced technology from China, Germany, Japan, and the US.”我认为，由于中国、德国、日本和美国的先进技术，到2050年，人们只会驾驶电动汽车。故选C。
【答案】13．C
14．B
15．A
16．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Receiving a good education means that you will have more options when you try to find a job.
W: Did you go to university, sir
M: I have been to three different universities. That is how much I love learning.
W: So are you a teacher
M: Not in the same way as your other teachers. I go around schools giving talks about university life, to prepare them and help them if they are looking to apply. Do you want to go to university
W: I do, but I don't know what I want to study.
M: What subjects are you strong on
W: I get good grades in math and physics, but I want to be a writer.
M: Then you should study writing and maybe languages, too.
W: Even though I want to go, I am not sure whether my family can afford to send me.
M: That's another reason I visit schools. The universities I work for offer help and support when it comes to funding education.
W: I'm so glad to hear that. Now please tell me more about it.
【点评】考查细节理解，首先理解题干，画出关键词，再根据录音匹配作答。
13．问题：男士上过多少所大学？根据“ I have been to three different universities. ”我去过三所不同的大学。故选C。
14．问题：男士在说什么？根据“I go around schools giving talks about university life, to prepare them and help them if they are looking to apply.”我在学校里做关于大学生活的讲座，为他们做好准备，如果他们想申请，我会帮助他们。故选B。
15．问题：男士建议女士学习什么？根据“Then you should study writing and maybe languages, too.”然后你应该学习写作，也许还应该学习语言。故选A。
16．问题：女士担心什么？根据“Even though I want to go, I am not sure whether my family can afford to send me.”尽管我想去，但我不确定我的家人能否负担得起送我去。故选B。
【答案】17．B
18．A
19．C
20．B
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】M: One day, Jack was walking home from school. He liked to think about important things while he was walking, and he often looked down at the sidewalk while he thought. He never noticed most things like bugs and small pieces of trash. But this day, a shiny coin caught his eyes. He stopped and picked it up. It was a nice dollar coin. With that, he could buy a package of candy. But he decided to put the coin on the ground again. What if a homeless person might need that money more than he did He could buy a cup of hot coffee or a loaf of bread with it. But then, Jack quickly picked up the coin again. What if one of the wealthy guys found it But just as quickly, Jack put the coin onto the ground and walked away, because he had seen the poorest boy in his class heading in the same direction, with his eyes also on the ground.
【点评】考查听力理解能力，首先看懂问题，然后根据问题在文中找出依据，选出正确答案。
17．问题：杰克走路时通常做什么？根据“He liked to think about important things while he was walking,”他喜欢边走边想重要的事情，故选B。
18．问题：杰克在地上发现了什么？根据“But this day, a shiny coin caught his eyes. He stopped and picked it up.”但这一天，一枚闪亮的硬币吸引了他的目光。他停下来拿起了它。故选A。
19．问题：杰克最后做了什么？根据“But he decided to put the coin on the ground again.”但他决定再次把硬币放在地上；以及““But just as quickly, Jack put the coin onto the ground and walked away”但同样快的是，杰克把硬币放在地上走开了，故选C。
20．问题：谁最有可能发现和杰克一样的东西？根据“But just as quickly, Jack put the coin onto the ground and walked away, because he had seen the poorest boy in his class heading in the same direction, with his eyes also on the ground.”但同样快的是，杰克把硬币放在地上走开了，因为他看到了班上最穷的男孩朝着同一个方向走，他的眼睛也在地上。故选B。
【答案】21．D
22．B
23．A
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，对一款能够快速进行语言教学的动态沉浸式教学法进行了广告宣传。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇广告类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
21．考查细节理解。根据第一段"Guaranteed! The Fastest Way to Learn a Language"保证！学习一门语言最快的方法；以及第二段中的"Using the award-winning Dynamic Immersion (互动沉浸式) method, our interactive (人机对话的) software teaches without translation, memorization or grammar exercises. "使用屡获殊荣的动态沉浸式教学方法，我们的互动软件无需翻译、记忆或语法练习。可知，动态沉浸式教学法的主要优点是它允许使用者在比一般人更短的时间内掌握一门语言。故选D。
22．考查细节理解。根据中的"Reading: Text exercises develop your reading skills by linking written language to real-life objects, actions and ideas. "阅读：文本练习通过将书面语言与现实生活中的物体、动作和想法联系起来，提高你的阅读技能。可知，课程中的阅读技巧更多地与学习者的生活经历有关。故选B。
23．考查细节理解。根据中的"Automated tutorials (辅导) that assess where you need extra help. "自动化教程评估您需要额外帮助的地方。可知，为了了解进度，该软件的用户需要转向自动化教程。故选A。
【答案】24．B
25．D
26．D
27．A
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；教育文化类；议论文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，以名著《堂吉诃德》的作者Cervantes的事迹为例，讲述了想要成功，就要不断地学习，这样人生才有意义。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
24．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book. ”他今年53岁，他成年后的大部分时间都在与债务和不幸作斗争。战争中受伤使他的左手失去了功能，他经常被关进监狱。在不知道什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书)"可知，Cervantes已经53岁，不再年轻，前半生一直生活在不幸中，但即便这样，他还是决定写一本书；以及第二段中的"The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.”事实证明，这本书已经吸引了全世界350多年。可知，他最终实现了目标，并取得了巨大成功。可推知，文章用Cervantes的故事作为开始，是为了告诉读者年龄不是实现目标的障碍。故选B。
25．考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.”我说的不是那些没能到达巅峰的人，我们不可能都到达巅峰，我说的是那些停止学习和成长的人，因为随着岁月的流逝，他们已经采取了固定的态度和观点。可知，作者谈论的是那些还没走到人生的一半，就失去了继续学习的兴趣的人。可推知，划线词组run out of steam意思是"失去继续学习的兴趣"。故选D。
26．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"We learn to bear with the things we can't change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us — an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.”我们学会了忍受我们无法改变的事情。我们学会避免自怜。我们知道，无论我们多么努力地取悦别人，有些人永远不会爱我们—— 这个想法一开始很让人苦恼，但最终会让人释怀。可推知，作者是想告诉我们，要学会用恰当的方式来对待生活。故选D。
27．考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos (自我)”有了高度的动力和热情，我们可以继续学习，然后我们就会知道在我们的生活中有意义是多么的重要；然而，只有当我们对一些比我们自己的小我更大的东西做出承诺时，我们才能实现生活中的意义，并结合全文可知，作者的目的是为了给人们指导人们如何过上有意义的成年生活。故选A。
【答案】28．A
29．C
30．B
31．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了成人和儿童在语言学习中大脑记忆的区别，以及科学的语言学习方法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
28．考查词义猜测。根据第一段"The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is an important part of the brain. It is the center of your higher-order cognitive(认知的) processes—things like reasoning, self-control, and attention. Children perform worse than adults on nearly all cognitive tasks because their PFC is undeveloped. Why, then, do most adults struggle to learn new languages while children pick them up with ease ”前额叶脑皮层是大脑的重要部分。它是高阶认知过程的核心—比如推理、自控和注意力。儿童在几乎所有认知任务上的表现都比成年人差，因为他们的PFC尚未发育。那么，为什么大多数成年人在学习新语言时很吃力，而儿童却能轻松地学会呢？可知，儿童的PFC尚未发育，所以他们的认知表现比成年人差，但是在语言学习上却又比成年人效果好，这是一种矛盾的现象，由此可推知划线词paradox与Contradictory situation同义，表示"矛盾的情况"。故选A。
29．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Procedural memory, sometimes referred to as muscle memory or body memory, describes acquiring skills and non-conscious knowledge, reactions, and habits—things like playing the piano or fearing insects. ”程序记忆，有时被称为肌肉记忆或身体记忆，记录习得性技能和无意识知识、反应和习惯，例如弹钢琴或害怕昆虫。可知，弹奏钢琴等乐器涉及到程序记忆。故选C。
30．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Their declarative memory system kicks in as they focus on memorizing vocabulary and applying grammar, which usually results in poor learning. ”当他们专注于记忆词汇和应用语法时，他们的陈述性记忆系统开始发挥作用，这通常会导致不良的学习成果。可知，陈述性记忆可能会成为语言学习的一种阻碍。故选B。
31．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"So instead of actively trying to focus and memorize, you'll likely benefit more from allowing yourself to experience the language. You can watch TV shows, attend discussion groups, or listen to music in the language. ”因此，与其积极努力集中注意力和记忆，不如让自己去体验这门语言，你可能会受益更多。你可以看电视节目，参加讨论小组，或者听该门语言的音乐。可知，作者通过前文对成人和儿童语言学习差别的分析，给出了语言学习的方法建议。故选D。
【答案】32．A
33．C
34．D
35．B
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；教育文化类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了善良被视为一种真正的力量，父母和老师教导我们善待他人，善意有如此明显的好处，它会对我们有害吗？当人们要求帮忙时，要评估自己是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要更自在地对别人说“不”，对自己说“是”。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
32．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"According to the Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction. And what is even greater is that kindness rarely stops with just one person.”根据梅奥诊所的说法，当我们进行善举时，我们大脑中的快乐中心被激活，释放减压激素定期志愿服务的人报告更高的生活满意度。更重要的是，善良很少只停留在一个人身上。可知，实行善举可以激活大脑中的快乐，释放压力和提高生活满意度，即对我们的大脑是有好处的。故选A。
33．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Though you may truly mean this, there are unfortunately people in this world who can see your kindness as a weakness. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others. ”虽然你可能真的是这个意思，但不幸的是，这个世界上有些人可以将你的善良视为一种弱点。这可能会导致你被别人利用；第四段中的"Let's fast forward a year. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You are noticing that your colleagues continue asking for your help over and over again. ”让我们快进一年。你现在已经在你的职位上工作了一年，你正在与同一个团队合作。你注意到你的同事一遍又一遍地向你寻求帮助。可知，新人一年后可能会被别人利用，会受到伤害，即会失望。故选C。
34．考查句义猜测。根据最后一段中的"When people ask you a favor, assess if you have the time, energy, and attention to give to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable saying‘no’ to others and saying ‘yes’ to yourself.”当人们要求你帮忙时，评估你是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要真正善良，有时你需要更自在地对别人说"不"，对自己说"是"。可知，在决定是否帮助别人时，要看自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，以此推测划线句子指的是要意识到自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，即要意识到自己是否身心疲惫。故选D。
35．考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的"The question then arises: Could kindness be harmful to us when it has such clear benefits Let's think about this in the workplace or in an organization.”那么问题来了：当善良有如此明显的好处时，它会对我们有害吗？让我们在工作场所或组织中考虑这个问题；和文意可知，本文主要在讲做善事对我们是否有坏处，即B选项Are we tiring ourselves with kindness 最适合做本文的标题。故选B。
【答案】36．G；37．C；38．A；39．E；40．F
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了保护生态平衡的重要性以及方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读， 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
36．根据空前"Your own backyard may be a fun place to play. You may have trees to climb, and insects to study. ”你自己的后院可能是一个好玩的地方。你可以爬树，研究昆虫。可知，在后院，你可以近距离的接触动植物，可以做很多的事，承接上文， G. Maybe you hear birds singing or see your pet cat sleeping in the sun "也许你可以听到鸟在唱歌或者看见宠物猫在太阳下睡觉"是在后院接触动物的例子。故选G。
37．根据空前"Every part of the world has food chains”世界的每一部分都有食物链，可知，上文讲食物链的每一部分都很重要；结合空后"the whole chain could fall apart.”整个食物链可能会垮掉。可知，下文讲在某种情况下导致的坏结果，那么，空格处就应该是条件或者假设，承接上下文， C. But if one part is taken away "但是，如果食物链中的一部分缺失"符合语境，故选C。
38．根据空后"Make your backyard a place that other living things can enjoy. Plant more flowers and trees. And, most of all, try not to disturb the places where other animals live. ”使你的后院成为一个其它生物都喜欢的地方。种植更多的花和树。最重要的是，尽量不要打扰其他动物居住的地方。可知，你要和这些生物和平共处，不要干扰它们的生活，说明要与动植物分享空间，承接下文， A. Share your space "共享你的空间"符合语境，故选A。
39．根据空前"Do not pollute the environment. Recycle any material you can.”不要污染环境。尽可能回收任何材料；以及空后"Having fewer cars on the road means having better air for all of us to breathe.”公路上如果小汽车少就意味着我们可以呼吸较新鲜的空气。可知，上文作者建议不要污染环境，还进行了举例说明，下文讲汽车少的好结果，可得出为了不污染环境、呼吸较新鲜的空气，可以少开车，用其它更环保的方式出行，减少污染，承接上下文， E. Ride your bike or walk to places that you need to go "你需要做的是骑自行车或者走路"符合语境，故选E。
40．根据空前"Keep learning about and respecting plants, animals, and the environment. ”不断学习并尊重植物、动物和环境；以及空后"You may even pass it on to your own children someday.”有一天，你甚至可以将这个传递给你自己的孩子。可知，正确的观念(即不断学习并尊重植物、动物和环境)需要发扬光大。 F. You can then pass this information on to your parents and friends "你可以将这个信息传递给父母和朋友"也是对正确观念的肯定，F项使用You can then pass…; 下文使用You may even pass…。根据句式相同原则可知F项符合语境，故选F。
【答案】41．B；42．D；43．A；44．C；45．B；46．A；47．D；48．C；49．B；50．D；51．A；52．C；53．D；54．B；55．A
【知识点】说明文；科普环保类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现想象自己的成功未来这一策略会让大学生受益。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
41．句意：这一策略似乎对社会经济地位相对较低的女学生特别有效。A. instruction“指令”；B. strategy“策略，战略”；C. challenge“挑战”；D. psychology“心理”。根据上文“ Having a clear picture in mind of what their future will look like can motivate students to keep going despite the challenges of college life. ”，对自己的未来有一个清晰的认识可以激励学生在大学生活的挑战中继续前进，此处指的就是这个策略，文章最后一句话中的"strategies"也是提示。故选B。
42．句意：大学对一些人来说是一个很好的机会，但对另一些人来说可能会有压力。A. disgraceful“可耻的”；B. shameful“不体面的”；C. harmful“有害的”；D. stressful“有压力的，紧张的”。根据下文“. It is often the first time that many students are away from the regular and familiar support of their family and friends. Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others, and this can lead to 3 and even withdrawal from difficult situations”这往往是许多学生第一次远离家人和朋友经常和熟悉的支持，社会地位较低的弱势学生往往比其他人遇到更大的经济和心理挑战，这可能导致犹豫，甚至从困难的情况下退缩，这说明大学对一些人来说可能是有压力的。故选D。
43．句意：这可能导致犹豫，甚至从困难的情况下退缩。A. hesitation“犹豫”；B. intention“目的”；C. depression“沮丧”；D. decision“决定”。根据空前“ Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greater financial and psychological challenges than others ”社会地位较低的弱势学生往往比其他人遇到更大的经济和心理挑战，因此这可能导致他们犹豫，甚至从困难的情况下退缩。故选A。
44．句意：Destin和他的同事们希望了解学生在展望未来时，对学术挑战的反应是否有所改善。A. willingness“乐意”；B. options“选择”；C. responses“反应，回应”；D. applications“应用”。根据空后"to academic challenges improve when they look forward to the future. "可知，他们想知道学生在展望未来时，对学术挑战的反应是否有所改善。故选C。
45．句意：它认为，当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动。A. destroy“破坏”；B. imagine“想象，憧憬”；C. abandon“放弃”；D. substitute“替代”。根据上文“ This idea is built around the theory of identity-based motivation. ”这个想法是建立在基于身份的动机理论的基础上的，此处是对这个理论的解释，即：当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动。故选B。
46．句意：基于身份的动机理论认为，激发对成功的未来身份的关注可能特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识。A. powerful”强大的，有力量的“；B. upright”正直的“；C. unique”独特的“；D. ambitious”有抱负的“。根据上文，这个理论认为当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动，所以激发对成功的未来身份的关注会特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识，be powerful in"在……方面是有力的"。故选A。
47．句意：这包括在遇到困难时感到准备好并能够采取适当的行动。A. avoiding“避免”；B. overcoming“克服”；C. surrendering“投降”；D. encountering“遇到”。根据空前的"feeling ready and able to take appropriate action"可知，感到准备好并能够采取适当的行动是遇到困难时的反应。故选D。
48．句意：参与者首先被要求写下他们的过去或未来的成功。A. experience“经历，经验”；B. suffering“苦难”；C. success“成功”；D. failure“失败”。根据上文，基于身份的动机理论认为，激发对成功的未来身份的关注可能特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识，这个理论的核心就是"成功的身份"，所以参与者被要求写下他们的过去或未来的成功。故选C。
49．句意：经过深思熟虑后，参与者在模拟采访一位所谓讲师的过程中被拍摄下来，然后完成一次困难的学术测试。A. design“设计”；B. complete “完成”；C. comment “ 评论”；D. revise“修正”。根据下文“The research team noted whether participants' body language was bold and confident, and measured the amount of effort participants' 10 the academic test.”的研究团队衡量了参与者在学术测试中投入的努力程度可知，参与者需要完成一次困难的学术测试。故选B。
50．句意：研究团队记录了参与者的肢体语言是否大胆自信，并衡量了参与者在学术测试中投入的努力程度。A. put away“放好”；B. put on“穿上”；C. put out“熄灭”；D. put into“放进，放到”。根据空前的"measured the amount of effort"可知，研究团队衡量了参与者在学术测试中投入的努力程度。故选D。
51．句意：Destin和他的团队发现，拥有一个成功的未来身份可以防止特别是来自较低社会地位背景的女学生在充满挑战的学习环境中退缩。A. withdrawing“退缩，撤离”；B. transforming“转换”；C. advancing“推动”；D. engaging“从事”。根据上文，基于身份的动机理论认为当人们为自己设想一个成功的未来时，他们可以在不利的条件下采取积极的行动，所以此处是说拥有一个成功的未来身份可以防止特别是来自较低社会地位背景的女学生在充满挑战的学习环境中退缩。故选A。
52．句意：具体来说，社会经济地位较低的女性在写自己未来身份时，比那些考虑过去身份的女性表现出更强的行动准备。A. quantity“数量”；B. dullness“迟钝”；C. readiness“准备就绪，愿意”；D. inability“无能”。根据上文，基于身份的动机理论认为，激发对成功的未来身份的关注可能特别有助于激励那些在挑战性学习环境中表现不佳的学生培养行动准备意识，所以社会经济地位较低的女性在写自己未来身份时，比那些考虑过去身份的女性表现出更强的行动准备。故选C。
53．句意：这帮助她们更加努力地应对考试，并对她们的表现产生了间接影响。A. fascination“魅力”；B. ignorance“无知”；C. dilemma“困境”；D. performance“表现”。根据空前说她们表现出更加自信的肢体语言，这间接影响了她们的表现。故选D。
54．句意：激发想象中的成功的未来身份似乎提供了一条潜在的途径，使弱势学生能够有效应对日常压力。A. tolerable“可容忍的”；B. potential“潜在的”；C. straight“直的”；D. academic“学术的”。根据空后的" pathway to enable weak students to effectively navigate everyday stressors"可知，激发想象中的成功的未来身份提供了一条使弱势学生能够有效应对日常压力的潜在途径。故选B。
55．句意：因此，研究结果表明，某些学生可能会从一些策略中受益，这些策略提醒他们在完成任何困难而重要的任务之前，先想象自己成功的未来，否则他们可能会逃避这些任务。A. therefore“因此”；B. however“然而”；C. otherwise“否则”；D. meanwhile“同时”。此处总结上文，说的是这个研究结果的意义，前后是因果关系，此处表示结果。故选A。
【答案】56．an；57．having；58．with；59．created；60．effectively；61．it；62．to vote；63．explained；64．who/that；65．beliefs
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了虽然与持有不同意见的人进行理性对话似乎是一种挑战，但是有一种方法可以走进对方即同理心，这就是尊重不同的观点或立场。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及冠词，非谓语动词，介词，副词，代词，时态，定语从句，名词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
56．句意：在争论中很容易失去理智。分析句子，句中argument意为"争论"为名词，此处表示泛指，设空处应该使用冠词，argument的发音是元音音素开头。故填an。
57．句意：虽然与持不同意见的人进行合理的对话似乎是一种挑战，但这是可能的。设空处应该使用have的动名词形式having作让步状语从句的主语。故填having。
58．句意：一种方法是用理解来接近对方。分析句子，设空处应该使用介词与空后understanding构成介词短语，此处表示"用"介词使用with。故填with。
59．句意：同理心挑战是由耶鲁大学管理学院高级讲师佐伊·钱尼斯发起的一项练习。逻辑主语exercise与create之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，此处作后置定语，故填created。
60．句意：在耶鲁大学，钱尼斯教授一门名为"掌握影响力和说服"的课程，让学生学习有效沟通。分析句子，设空处应该使用effective的副词effectively作状语，修饰动词communicate，意为"有效地"。故填effectively。
61．句意：在她的博客中，钱尼斯解释说，倾听那些不同意你的人是很重要的。设空处应该使用it作形式主语，真正的主语为to listen。故填it。
62．句意：由于她不明白为什么很多人更愿意投票给唐纳德·特朗普，她找到了三个特朗普的选民，并与他们交谈。prefer to do固定短语，"更喜欢做某事"。故填to vote。
63．句意：一名正统犹太人解释说，他支持川普是因为川普的女儿和女婿是犹太人。设空为主句谓语动词，此处表示过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填explained。
64．句意：第三位是一位律师，他认为诚实对政治领导人很重要。 believed that honesty was important to political leaders 是限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，先行词是lawyer，为人，使用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。
65．句意：虽然吉斯和那些人有不同的政治信仰，但他们能够理解他人的人生价值观。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作宾语。根据文中different可知，此处belief应该使用复数形式。belief意为"信念，信条"，其复数为beliefs。故填beliefs。
66．【答案】Dear Anna,
Hearing that you plan to participate in the "Thirsty Earth" poster show activity, I feel happy for you and also honored to have the opportunity to offer some tips.
Firstly, it's important to make an eye-catching headline or slogan that helps people figure out the theme of water protection. Besides, adding pictures is strongly recommended to make the poster vivid. Last but not least, I hope you can find some related information of the present water situation on the earth and put it in simple sentences to cultivate people's awareness.
I hope my tips can be of help to you . Wish you a success in your poster design.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份回信 。写作背景： 你的英国笔友Anna要参加主题为"水资源保护"的海报征集活动。她写信向你求助。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）表示支持；2）给出建议；3）表达祝愿。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Hearing that you plan to participate in the "Thirsty Earth" poster show activity, I feel happy for you and also honored to have the opportunity to offer some tips.运用了现在分词作原因状语，宾语从句；Firstly, it's important to make an eye-catching headline or slogan that helps people figure out the theme of water protection. 运用了it作形式主语，限制性定语从句；Besides, adding pictures is strongly recommended to make the poster vivid. 运用了动名词作主语；Last but not least, I hope you can find some related information of the present water situation on the earth and put it in simple sentences to cultivate people's awareness.运用了宾语从句；I hope my tips can be of help to you .运用了宾语从句。
67．【答案】Paragraph 1:
Without hesitation, Andy jumped off his bike and dived into the cool water. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. Mr. Nelson happened to be home and seeing the tired and wet boy, the owner took him inside. After knowing what Andy had experienced, he praised the boy and rang his mother.
Paragraph 2:
In no time, his mother appeared in front of him. Seeing Andy, his mother anxiously asked whether he was injured. Andy answered it was the dam that saved him. His mother laughed with relief and said he really needed that fishing break to help him recover. But Andy did not hear her. He was thinking his father's words "When you are in a tight situation, don't panic. " And he realized how important it was to listen to parents.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者在上学的路上遇到蜜蜂袭击，在这种紧急状况下，作者想起了父亲的话“当你在一个紧张的情况下，不要恐慌，动动脑筋，想办法解决问题。”，最终作者成功脱险的故事。 段落续写:①由第一段首句内容“安迪毫不犹豫地跳下自行车，跳入清凉的水中。”可知，第一段可描写作者通过水坝避开了蜜蜂。②由第二段首句内容“不一会儿，他的妈妈出现在他面前。”可知，第二段可描写母亲对作者的安慰以及作者的感悟。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. 运用了现在分词作状语；Mr. Nelson happened to be home and seeing the tired and wet boy, the owner took him inside. 运用了并列句；After knowing what Andy had experienced, he praised the boy and rang his mother.运用了动名词作介词宾语，宾语从句；Seeing Andy, his mother anxiously asked whether he was injured. 运用了宾语从句；Andy answered it was the dam that saved him. 运用了宾语从句，强调句；His mother laughed with relief and said he really needed that fishing break to help him recover. 运用了宾语从句； He was thinking his father's words "When you are in a tight situation, don't panic. " 运用了时间状语从句，祈使句；And he realized how important it was to listen to parents.运用了宾语从句。
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