北师大版（2019） 必修 第二册 Unit 5 Humans and nature（共打包7份，有答案）

(共17张PPT)
Lesson 1: Focus On Language—语法·提升语言能力
课时目标
1.掌握关系副词引导的定语从句的用法，并学会在语境中使用。
2.学会使用关系副词引导的定语从句描述经历过的一段历险故事。
语法项目—— Relative Clauses(2)
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟　
In April 2017, two giant pandas from China arrived at a zoo in the Netherlands.There, they were welcomed to the Chinese-style compound ①where they were to live.On 30th, May, after the preparations were complete, the day finally came ②when the pandas met their fans for the first time.People were excited — the zoo is the only place in the country ③where it is possible to see pandas.In fact, the last time there were pandas in the Netherlands was in 1987.And of course, the main reason ④why they were so excited is that pandas are just so cute！
①处为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the Chinese-style compound，where在从句中作地点状语；
②处为when 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the day, when 在从句中作时间状语；
③处为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the only place, where在从句中作地点状语；
④处为why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the main reason, why在从句中作原因状语。
慧学语法——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观　
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词 when, where, why或“介词＋which”。本课主要讲关系副词引导的定语从句。关系副词的作用如下：①指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词；②在从句中充当句子成分——状语，即在从句中起副词的作用；③起连接作用，把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。
一、when引导的定语从句的用法　
[先感知]
①(教材P30典句) That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.
②(教材P31典句) It may appear strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it.
[会发现]
①句中when引导定语从句，修饰先行词 ；②句中第一个when引导定语从句，修饰先行词 。
the day
that moment
[明规则]
1．当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time，day，year，month，week等)，且在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句要用when引导。
2．when可以转化成“介词＋which”的形式。　　　　
[名师点津]　当先行词表示时间，且关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，不能用when，而要用关系代词that 或 which引导定语从句(作宾语时，关系词可省略)。
[对点练]　(完成句子)
①I still remember the time .
我仍然记得我初为大学生的那段时光。
②I have forgotten the exact date .
我已经忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。
③I'll remember the days .
我会记得和你一起度过的那些日子。
when I first became a college student
when (＝on which) this country became independent
(which/that) I spent with you
二、where引导的定语从句的用法　
[先感知]
①(教材P30典句) One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others.
②(教材P31典句) I was still tied to the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area where the other fishermen were.
[会发现]
①句中先行词为 ，指地点，用关系副词where；②句中先行词为 ，指地点，用关系副词where。
the islands
an area
[明规则]
1．当先行词是表示地点的名词(如place, room, mountain等)，且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句要用where引导。
2．where可以转化成“介词＋which”的形式。
3．如果先行词为表示抽象地点的名词(如case, state, condition, point, situation等)，且定语从句中成分完整时，用关系副词where引导从句。　　　　
[名师点津]　当先行词表示地点，且关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，不能用where，而要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句(作宾语时，关系词可省略)。
[对点练]　(完成句子)
①This is the hotel .
这就是他们住的旅馆。
②His father works in a factory .
他的父亲在一家生产收音机零件的工厂工作。
③We have reached a point .
我们已经到了必须改变的地步。
④He gets into a situation what is right and wrong.
他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
where (＝in which) they are staying
which/that makes radio parts
where a change is needed
where it is hard to decide
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, _________________________________to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
对我们来说，装好东西去当地的图书馆是件大事。在那里我的孩子们可以挑选他们想读的书，或他们想让我读给他们听的书。
⑥It puts me in a position .
这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。
where my kids could pick out books
where I can't afford to take the job
三、why引导的定语从句的用法　
[先感知]
(教材P31典句)As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
[会发现]
此句中关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰先行词 。
the reason
[明规则]
1．当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句要用why引导。
2．可以用for which来代替why。
3．why只能引导限制性定语从句。　　　　
[名师点津]　若先行词为reason，且关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。
[对点练]
(1)完成句子
①This is the reason .
这就是他这么快离开的原因。
(2)一句多译
你知道他现在不在这儿的原因吗？
②__________________________________________
③_______________________________________________
why (＝for which) he left so quickly
Do you know the reason why he is not here now
Do you know the reason for which he is not here now
用适当的关系副词完成短文
Dear Kay，
We're having an amazing time here in South Africa.Our accommodation is perfect.It is in a location ① we can watch animals wandering past on their way to the waterhole.Sunset is the time of day ② we sit on the balcony and count how many giraffes or antelopes we can see.I guess this is the reason ③___ this place is so popular.Next week, we are going to fly up to Zambia.That's one of the countries ④ you can visit the famous Victoria Falls.
See you soon.
Yours，
David
where
when
why
where
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共68张PPT)
Lesson 1: Reading—读思·发展思维品质
课时目标
1.略读关于海洋历险的故事，并掌握主旨大意。
2.细读文章，理清故事发生的时间线索。
3.掌握文章中主题词汇及表达方式，并学会在语境中使用。
4.了解同义词和反义词的用法，并学会使用。
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．whirlpool n．　　　　 漩涡
2．tidal adj. 潮汐的，潮水的
3．barrel n. 桶
4．tube n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁
5．descent n. 下降，下落
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1． n. 档案，卷宗
2． n. 海浪；波涛
3． vi.& vt. 逃离；逃避
4． _ vi. 浮；漂
5． n. 神秘事物，难以理解的事物
6． n. 灵魂
7． adj. 可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的
8． n. 边缘
9． n. 面积；长度；范围；程度
file
wave
escape
float
mystery
soul
horrible
edge
extent
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1． vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者，生还者
2． n．诗歌；作诗的艺术→poem n．诗→poet n．诗人→poetess n．女诗人
3． adj.受惊的，害怕的→frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→frighten vt.使害怕，使惊吓→fright n．惊吓；恐怖
4． adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地→curiosity n．好奇心
5． n．观察；观察结果→observe vt.观察，观测→observer n．观察者
6． adj.相等的；相同的→equally adv.平等地；相等地→equality n．相等；平等
survive
poetry
frightened
curious
observation
equal
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1． 　　　　　 在……边缘；某事快要发生
(尤指不好的事)
2． 突然
3． 最后
4． 营救；搭救；捡起；获得；
收拾；(偶然)学会；(开车)接人
on the edge of
all at once
in the end
pick up
5． 小于；少于
6． 从……回来
7． 被……覆盖
8． 落入；分成
9． 大声呼喊
10． 朝……方向
less than
come back from
be covered with
fall into
cry out
in the direction of
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.[It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.]
不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。
写佳句 through the forest.
穿过这片森林将花费我们一整周的时间。
It will take us a whole week to travel
2.
悟原句 One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others.(where引导定语从句)
有一天，我和我的两个兄弟又去了我们经常去探险的岛屿，抓到了比其他人更多的鱼。
写佳句 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)As a regular reader of Youth, I am fascinated by columns on teenagers .
作为Youth的长期读者，我对有关青少年的专栏非常着迷，在这些专栏中，我被鼓舞人心的故事所感动。
where I get touched by inspiring stories
3.
悟原句 As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.(the reason why ... is/was that ...)
如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
写佳句 I want to improve my spoken English.
我想申请这个职位的原因是想提高自己的英语口语。
The reason why I want to apply for the position is that
第一遍　泛读通文意　
A Sea Story
About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and soul.You think I am a very old man — but I am not.It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands where we often risked going and got more fish than others.All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.A huge wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the sea.
My elder brother put his mouth close to my ear and cried out “Moskoe-strom！” The moment I heard the word I became very frightened. I knew what he meant by that one word well enough.
With the wind and waves, we were going in the direction of the whirlpool.We were hopeless.Nothing could save us.I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream.We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool. It may appear strange, but at that moment, when we were on the edge of the whirlpool, I felt calmer than when we were moving towards it. I began to think how amazing a thing it was to die in such a way, and how wonderful it was to see the power of nature.Suddenly, we went over the edge.I thought my life was over.But moment after moment passed, and I was still safe.
The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed.I saw clearly that there were other objects in the whirlpool — trees and barrels.After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.I then made three important observations.The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell; the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down less rapidly; and the third, between two objects of the same size, objects shaped like a tube fell down more slowly.So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float.I tried to make my brother understand, but he was too frightened and stayed in the heavy boat.Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
[参考译文]
一个海上的故事
大约三年前，我遭遇了一件可怕的事情。那一天，我的身体和灵魂只用了六个小时就支离破碎了。你以为我是个很老的人，但我不是。不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。
[句式释解]
句 　when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the day。从句使用了“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”结构，表示“做某事花费了(某人)多长时间”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。　　　　
有一天，我和我的两个兄弟又去了我们经常去探险的岛屿，抓到了比其他人更多的鱼。返回途中，突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们就被卷入了可怕的风暴中。我们的船被巨浪淹没了，我弟弟掉进了海里，我哥哥把嘴贴在我耳朵上，大喊：“Moskoe风暴！”一听到这个词，我恐惧至极，就听到这一个词我就明白他的意思了。
[句式释解]
句 　where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the islands。
句 　the moment引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
句 　what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。　　　　
伴随着风浪，我们朝着漩涡的方向前进。我们非常无助。没有什么能救我们。我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。我们一直旋转，越来越靠近那可怕的漩涡边缘。看起来可能很奇怪，但在那一刻，当我们在漩涡边缘的时候，我觉得自己比向它移动时更平静。我开始想，这样死去是多么地令人惊奇，能看到大自然的力量是多么奇妙。突然，我们越过了边缘。我以为我的生命要结束了。但时间一分一秒地过去，我仍然是安全的。
[句式释解]
句 　as if 意为“好像”，引导方式状语从句。
句 　but连接两个并列分句。第二个分句中两个when均引导时间状语从句，主句中含有than引导的比较状语从句。
句 　两个how都引导宾语从句，作think的宾语。　　　　
船在巨大的漩涡里面，我们以极快的速度绕着圈子。我清楚地看到在漩涡里还有其他东西——树和桶。过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。然后我有三个重要的发现。第一，物体越大，下落越快；第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体落得更慢；第三，在两个同样大小的物体之间，管状物体落得更慢。所以我把自己绑在一个桶上帮助我漂浮。我试图让我哥哥也明白，但他太害怕了，留在了那条沉重的船上。我没继续等，就跳进了海里，尝试逃走。
[句式释解]
句 　本句中含有“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构，意为“越……就越……”。　　　　
如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。在我离开后过了一会儿，那只载着我哥哥的船被卷入漩涡底部。没多久，漩涡就变得不那么疯狂了。然后天空放晴，风平静了下来，月亮在闪闪发光。我仍然跟木桶绑在一起，海浪很快把我带到了一个其他渔民居住的地方。最后，一条船上的人把我救了起来。我疲惫至极。那些渔夫是我的老朋友，但他们已经认不出我了。当我告诉他们我的故事时，他们并不相信。现在故事讲完了，我并不指望你能比那些渔民更相信我。
第二遍　精读提素养　
步骤一|先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么　
What's the main idea of the text
A．A terrible experience at sea.
B．Something terrible happened about three years ago.
C．The writer got rescued from the sea.
D．The writer's brothers died in the sea.
答案：A
步骤二|再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的　
阅读文章第一段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)Why do people think the writer is an old man
(2)True or False
①The writer is an old man. ( )
②Something terrible happened around three years ago. ( )
F
T
His hair is fully white.
(3)What made the writer's hair change from black to white
A．Medicine.　　　　　 B．Sorrow.
C．Something terrible. D．The old age.
答案：C
2．表达的技巧
第1行中使用的something terrible形象地描述了作者经历的一次可怕事件，使读者身临其境，并引发其对下文的兴趣。
试完成下面的句子：
I could tell by the look on her face that .
从她的脸色我可以判断，可怕的事情发生了。
something terrible had happened
阅读文章第二至四段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)True or False
①The writer and his brothers were trapped in the whirlpool. ( )
②The writer tried his best to tie himself to a barrel to help him float. ( )
(2)What were the writer and his two brothers doing when they were caught in the storm
A．They were fishing.
B．They were playing on the islands.
C．They were returning home.
D．They were swimming in the sea.
答案：C
T
T
(3)What made the brothers go in the direction of the whirlpool
A．The wind and waves.
B．The brothers themselves.
C．The fish in the sea.
D．The fishermen nearby.
答案：A
2．表达的技巧
(1)第6行开头使用的时间名词one day是讲故事时的常用词，类似的有long long ago, once upon a time等。用在此处点明故事发生的时间，同时也为后文叙述故事做好铺垫。
试翻译下面的句子：
有一天，就在大雨来临之前，我去看蚂蚁。
One day, I went to see the ants just before a big rain.
(2)第24行的形容词amazing形象地描述了作者当时的心理活动，同时也刻画了他对死亡的看法；后文的副词suddenly及连词but为事件的逆转埋下伏笔，作者本以为会死去，但时间一分一秒过去了，他却依然安全；die, over, safe串联了事件的进展。
试翻译下列句子：
①能够有这样的转变是多么地令人惊奇。
②每个人我都请了，却只来了两个人。
How amazing it is to have such a shift.
I'd asked everybody but only two people came.
(3)第34～37行中the first, the second, the third为表示顺序的逻辑关系词，常见的此类词有：first, second, third ...；firstly, secondly, thirdly ...；for one thing, for another等。
试完成下面的句子：
一方面，我们在课堂上不能集中注意力。另一方面，我们可能很容易生气和不耐烦。
,we can't concentrate in class. ,we may get angry and impatient easily.
For one thing
For another
阅读文章第五段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)True or False
①At last the writer escaped, but his brothers didn't. ( )
②Some fishermen jumped into the sea and saved the writer and his brothers.( )
(2)What was the right decision made by the writer
T
F
He tied himself to a barrel and jumped into the sea.
(3)What did the writer mean by the last sentence of the passage
A．He was not sure that the readers would believe him.
B．He was sure that the readers would believe him, though the fishermen didn't.
C．He was sure that the readers would believe half of his story.
D．He expected the readers would believe him rather than the fishermen.
答案：A
2．表达的技巧
第50行中使用副词still描述了一切平静之后，作者仍身系在木桶上的状态，同时也从侧面反映出木桶在拯救作者生命方面起的关键作用。副词常作状语，修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。
试翻译下面句子：
我上个月给他们写了信，到现在还在等回信。
I wrote to them last month and I'm still waiting for a reply.
步骤三|读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑　
本文节选自埃德加·爱伦·坡的著名短篇小说“A Descent into the Maelstr m”《莫斯可漩涡沉溺记》。文章从三个方面叙述了作者在遭遇风暴时如何保持镇定并自救的经历。故事开头讲述了风暴来临时的天气状况和作者兄弟的遭遇，而后叙述了身处险境时作者的心理变化及意外发现，以及作者最终如何获救等。
阅读技巧：记叙文阅读时要注意理清事件发生的脉络情节。如本篇故事叙述了事件的时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果，以故事发展情节为主线，再现了作者的经历。在行文中通过使用代词，以及 the first，the second，the third等衔接词使文章脉络清晰，内容分布合理，行文逻辑联系紧凑。
步骤四|最后知选文意图，思有何价值　
树立对自然的敬畏之心
本文记叙了作者在自然灾害前的心理变化，由恐惧到镇定并积极思考施以自救，和自然灾害后对他人的宣传教育，旨在帮助学生树立对自然的敬畏之心和在灾难面前保持冷静、积极思考并寻找机会自救的意识，帮助学生形成正确的价值观。
请体会并记住下面的句子：
①Ocean is the cradle of life.
海洋是生命的摇篮。
②Save our ocean for the sake of life on the earth.
为了地球上的生命，拯救我们的海洋。
第一板块　单词和短语——点点清
1．(教材P30) to survive a storm
在风暴中幸存下来
★survive vi.生存；存活；活下来vt.幸存；比……活得长，幸免于，挺过(难关)
[用法感知]　
①That she survived the accident is a miracle.
她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。
②As a matter of fact, she survived her husband by five years.
事实上，她比她丈夫多活了5年。
③Some interesting customs have survived from ancient times.
一些有趣的风俗已经从古代流传了下来。
归纳点拨 (1)survive sth.　　　　　在某事中幸存
survive sb. (by ... ) 比某人活得长(……)
survive on 靠……存活下来
survive from 从……留存下来
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. 幸存；生存
名师点津 survive表示“从地震、火灾、事故等中幸存下来”时，为及物动词，其后不可接介词from或in。
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④ (survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no time.
⑤Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our (survive)．
⑥Four of his brothers had died as babies but the fifth (survive)．
⑦I wonder how they can survive such poor income.
⑧Only two passengers .When were interviewed, they said was a wonder.
空难中只有两名乘客幸免于难。当这两位幸存者接受采访时，他们说他们的幸存是个奇迹。
Survivors
survival
survived
on
survived the air crash
the two survivors
their survival
2．(教材P31) The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.
一听到这个词，我恐惧至极。
★frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
[用法感知]
①She is frightened to go outside at night.
她害怕晚上出去。
②It is frightening to think it could happen again.
想到这种情况可能会再次发生，真令人害怕。
③Don't do that! You'll frighten the birds away.
别那样做！不然会把鸟惊飞的。
归纳点拨 (1)be frightened of　　　　　 害怕……
be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事
be frightened that 害怕……
(2)fright n. 惊吓；恐怖
(3)frighten vt. 使害怕，使惊吓
frighten sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事
frighten away ... 吓跑……
(4)frightening adj. 令人惊恐的，骇人的
对比识记
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The monster the man, making him feel very .(fright)
⑤Mary was too to tell her family the scene because it __________her to death.Whenever she thought of it, she was trembling with .(fright)
⑥The naughty boy him the toy.
这个顽皮的男孩恐吓鲍勃给了他玩具。
⑦If you do like this, you'll beat the grass and .
如果你这样做，会打草惊蛇的。
frightening
frightened
frightened
frightened
frightening
frightened
fright
frightened Bob into giving
frighten away the snake
3．(教材P31) After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself.
过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。
★curious adj.好奇的；好打听的；稀奇古怪的
[用法感知]
①The boy is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.
这个男孩总是对外面的世界感到好奇，对自然界发生的事情表现出极大的好奇心。
②I'm curious to know what is written in this letter.
我很想知道这封信里写的是什么。
③It is curious that he left without saying goodbye.
真奇怪，他不辞而别了。
[归纳点拨]
(1)be curious about ...　　　　 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地
(3)curiosity n. 好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇心
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空)
④In her childhood, Lucy was curious everything in the universe.
⑤I was filled with (curious) to the world and life.
⑥ (curious), a year later exactly the same thing happened again.
about
curiosity
Curiously
4．(教材P31) The second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down less rapidly.
第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体落得更慢。
★equal adj.相等的；相同的；胜任的 vt.等于，比得上 n．(地位、权利等)相当的人(或物)
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中equal的含义)
①Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories. ________
②Any man will be equal to the task, so long as he is careful. ________
③Such behaviour is, to my mind, without equal all over the world. __________
比得上
胜任的
相当的事物
[归纳点拨]
(1)be equal to (doing) sth. (in ... )
(在……方面)与……相等；能胜任(做)……
equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上比得过某人/某物
without equal　 无与伦比
(2)equally adv. 相等地；平等地
(3)equality n. 平等；相等
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be (equal) respected.
⑤We need to pay attention to mental health which is equal physical health.
(2)完成句子
⑥I ,so I don't apply for it.
我不能胜任这个职位，所以我没申请。
⑦His paintings are in the Western world.
他的画作在西方世界是无与伦比的。
equally
to
am not equal to the position
without equal
5．(教材P31) Without waiting, I jumped into the sea to try and escape.
我没继续等，就跳进了海里，尝试逃走。
★escape vi.逃离；逃脱，摆脱 vt.逃避；被遗忘 n．逃跑，逃脱，逃避
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中escape的含义)
①To our relief, he was able to escape from that big fire. _____
②Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment. _______
③He hoped it wouldn't be too long before he could make his escape. _____
逃脱
被遗忘
逃脱
[归纳点拨]
(1)escape from ... 　　　　　 从……中逃脱
escape (doing) sth. 避免/逃脱(做)某事
escape one's notice 逃过某人的注意
(2)make one's escape 逃走
have a narrow escape 九死一生，幸免于难
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④He escaped prison, but was rearrested by police a month later.
⑤The naughty boy was lucky to escape (punish)．
(2)完成句子
⑥The bird .
这只鸟避免了被杀死。
from
being punished
escaped being killed
⑦He managed to and in this accident.
他设法从燃烧的车里逃了出来，在这起事故中幸免于难。
⑧The fact .
我没有注意到这个事实。
escape from the burning car
had a narrow escape
escaped my notice
6．(教材P31) In the end, a boat picked me up.
最后，一条船上的人把我救了起来。
★pick up 营救；搭救；拾起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；(开车)接人；收听到；身体好转；改善
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中pick up的含义)
①He picked up his hat and went away. _____
②Will you please pick me up at the airport at seven？ __________
③I picked up Radio Beijing International last night. _____
④When is the weather going to pick up？It's been bad for weeks. _________
⑤He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital. _________
捡起
(开车)接人
收听
天气转晴
身体好转
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]　(完成句子)
⑥She didn't waste time feeling sorry for herself — she just and carried on.
她没有浪费时间自怜，而是振作起来继续干。
⑦It took Mary a long time to at the store.
玛丽花了很长时间才从那家商店挑选了一件新衣服。
pick on　　　　　　　　 故意刁难挑剔，闹别扭
pick oneself up 跌倒后站起来
pick out 挑出；辨别出
picked herself up
pick out a new dress
第二板块　句式和语法——句句通
1．(教材P30) It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white.
不到一天的时间，我的头发就从黑变白了。
[归纳点拨]
It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.表示“做某事花费了(某人)多长时间”。这一句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构；动词take在本句型中意为“花费”。此句型也可理解为：To do sth. takes (sb.) some time。　　　
①It takes me 20 minutes to get to the store from my home.
我从家到商店用了20分钟。
[易混辨析]　take/pay/spend/cost
主语 宾语 常用结构
take 事 时间 it takes (sb.) some time to do sth.
pay 人 金钱 sb. pay(s) some money for sth.
spend 人 时间、金钱 sb. spend(s) some money/time (in) doing sth./on sth.
cost 物 金钱 sth. cost(s) sb. some money
[应用融会]　(一句多译)
　这位专家花了3年时间才设计好这座桥。
②It the expert the bridge.
③The expert the bridge.
　我每个月花100元买电脑方面的书。
④I each month.(spend)
⑤Computer books each month. (cost)
⑥I each month. (pay)
took
three years to design
spent three years (in) designing
cost me 100 yuan
pay 100 yuan for computer books
spend 100 yuan on computer books
2．(教材P31) As you can see，the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
[归纳点拨]
(1)The reason why ... is/was that ... 意为“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。
(2)That's why ... 意为“那就是……的原因”， why引导表语从句。
(3)That's because ... 意为“那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。
①The reason why the children are happy is that they can run freely in the open air.
孩子们高兴的原因是他们可以在户外自由地奔跑。
[名师点津]
(1)在句型“That's why/because ...”中，why后强调结果，because后强调原因。
(2)在句型“The reason why ... is/was that ...”中，表语从句只能用that引导，不能用because。
[应用融会]　(完成句子)
②He was late for work this morning. he got caught in traffic jams.
今天早上他上班迟到了，那是因为他遇上了交通堵塞。
③ he didn't pass the driving test he was too careless.
他没有通过驾照考试的原因是他太粗心了。
④He didn't pass the exam yesterday. he got angry with me.
昨天他没有通过考试，那就是他对我生气的原因。
That's because
The reason why
was that
That's why
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The child felt (害怕的) when he saw the big fire.
2．It's a complete (难以理解的事物) to me why they chose him.
3．We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare's (诗歌)．
4．It was a (好奇的) feeling, as though we were floating on air.
5．Those organisms that are most suited to the environment will be those that will _______(活下来)．
frightened
mystery
poetry
curious
survive
6．He gave us a (挥手) as the bus drove off.
7．They will also (浮) if you drop them in the water.
8．She felt she was being dragged into a (漩涡) of emotion.
9．There was a feeling of restlessness deep in her (心灵)．
10．That's when I tell him something (可怕的) that happened to me.
wave
float
whirlpool
soul
horrible
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．She was (frighten) that the plane would crash.
2．The hunter tried to escape the forest, but he lost his way.
3．I asked where Steve was and she nodded in the direction the kitchen.
4．The reason I love this piece of music is that it has inspired me a lot when I am in difficulty.
5．For a sudden heart failure, the best chance for (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
frightened
from
of
why
survival
6．Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct and full of (observe) and wisdom.
7．Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over (curious)．
8．She tried to ensure her affection was (equal) shared among all three children.
9． a certain extent, we are all responsible for this serious situation.
10．Hospital staff were outside to welcome him, (wave) flags and applauding.
observation
curiously
equally
To
waving
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．You must constantly move that goal.
2．He could have looked over the papers in ten minutes.
3． the jacket, there is a piece of cloth which gives off light in the dark.
4．I was very drunk and I did not want to shut my eyes because the room would .
on the edge of， instead of， come back from， less than， all at once， pick ...up， be covered with， in the direction of， go round and round， fall into
in the direction of
less than
On the edge of
go round and round
5．Uncle Paul, my dad's friend, us from the airport and drove us to his farm.
6．It looks as if she had just outer space.
7． ,she burst into tears.
8．It tall trees and the swamp was a crystal-clear river.
9．The child the river and luckily was saved by a passer-by.
10． blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go.
picked
up
come back from
All at once
was covered with
fell into
Instead of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1． ,the individual can make a great difference.
如你所见，个人可以产生深远的影响。
2．The root of the problem is the desire to .
问题的根源在于人们渴望摆脱掉情感困境。
3．The reason why he succeeded is .
他成功的原因是他工作很努力。
As you can see
escape from emotional difficulties
that he works very hard
4．In high school, I the computer, and built my first website.
在高中的时候，我对电脑很好奇，并建立了我的第一个网站。
5．It the Great Wall.
修建长城花了成千上万人很多年的时间。
was curious about
took thousands of people many years to build
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. 1. took only six hours to break my body and soul.
One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands. All at once, the sky 2. (cover) with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in 3. terrible storm.
It
was covered
a
We went nearer and nearer to the whirlpool. It may seem strange, but at that moment, when we were 4. the edge of the whirlpool, I felt 5. (calm) than when we were moving towards it. I noticed that the larger, heavier objects went down more quickly than the smaller, lighter ones. Between two 6. (object) of equal extent, round objects fell down less rapidly, and between two objects of the same size, objects shaped like a tube fell down more slowly.So I tied myself to a barrel to help me float. And without 7. (wait), I dived into the sea to try and escape.
As you can see, I did escape. In the end, a boat 8. (pick) me up. I was very 9. (tire). The fishermen were my old friends, but they were unable 10. ___________(recognise) me. When I told them the story, they did not believe it.
on
calmer
objects
waiting
picked
tired
to recognise
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共47张PPT)
Lesson 2—听说·强化交际技能
课时目标
1.听懂并谈论关于专业救援队的文章，把握其大意。
2.了解自然灾害的表达方式及其对人类的影响。
3.学会保持、打断和结束谈话的表达方式。
背词汇
(一)记熟教材内词汇
1． n．&vt.　　　　 营救；救援
2． n. 交通工具，车辆
3． vt. 困住；使陷于危险中
4． n．&vt. 努力，尝试，企图
5． vt. 打断讲话
6． n. 死，死亡
rescue
vehicle
trap
attempt
interrupt
death
7． n. 丧失；死亡
8． n. 伤害，损伤，损害
9． adv. 在海外，在外国
10． n. 场所，地点
11． n. 过程，进程
12． n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
13． n. 职责，义务；责任
14． vt. 实施；进行；执行
vi.&vt. 指挥
loss
damage
overseas
site
process
battle
duty
conduct
15． vt.估量，衡量；测量→measurement n．测量；尺寸，数量
16． n．行动，活动；手术；操作→operate v．动手术；操作；经营
17． n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨→suffer v．遭受；忍受；经历
18． n．保护；防护→protect v．保护
19． vi.&vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸
20． n．灰尘；尘埃→dusty adj.布满灰尘的
21． 用完；耗尽
measure
operation
suffering
protection
breathe
dust
run out
(二)多积同主题词汇
1．professional adj. 专业的
2．hurricane n. 飓风
3．smoggy adj. 烟雾弥漫的
4．forecast n. (天气、财经等的)预测，预报
v. 预报，预测
5．mask n. 面具；口罩
6．storm n. 暴风雨
7．pollution n. 污染
8．challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
9．tough adj. 艰难的
10．pressure n. 压力
背佳句
(一)同“主题”佳句荟萃，让表达丰富多彩
人与自然和谐共生
1．Environment protection has always been an important task in human society, and we do this both for the nature and for our own survival.
环境保护一直是人类社会的一项重要任务，我们这样做既是为了自然，也是为了我们自己的生存。
2．We believe as long as we take action immediately, we will live in harmony with wildlife.
我们相信，只要我们马上行动起来，我们就可以和野生动植物和谐相处。
3．It's time we took measures to protect the river from being polluted.
是我们采取措施防止这条河流被污染的时候了。
4．The number of plants and animals on the earth is becoming smaller and smaller.
地球上的植物和动物的数量正变得越来越少。
5．Air and water are being polluted so that the environment in which animals live is destroyed.
空气和水正受到污染，以致动物生存的环境被破坏。
(二)同“意境”佳句集群，让表达活灵活现
多样的心理描写
1．The surface of the calm lake stirred the waves, and my mood was as cheerful as a wave.
平静的湖面激起了浪花，我的心情也像浪花一样欢腾。
2．He got 100 points in the English test and can not restrain the joy of heart, like a bird flying into the family.
英语测验得了100分，他抑制不住内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。
3．Crystal tears, like a broken string of pearls, roll down her cheeks.
晶莹剔透的泪珠，像断了线的珍珠，滚下她的面颊。
4．My heart is tight.
我的心绷得紧紧的。
教材为基——课内听力4遍过
Step 1　过词块(英汉互译)
1．寻找　　　　　　　　　　　_________
2．听起来像 __________
3．参加 _________
4．在压力下 ______________
5．为……感到自豪 ____________
look for
sound like
take part
under pressure
feel proud of
6．用完 _________
7．try our best to save them __________________
8．move away from ___________
9．stay away from ___________
10．knock on a wall _______
run out of
尽我们所能去救他们
从……离开
躲避；远离
敲墙壁
Step 2　过句式(完成句子)
1． ,natural disasters like earthquakes，floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.
如你所知，像地震、洪水和山体滑坡这样的自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和破坏。
2．I know you have been part of many rescue operations overseas,__________________,for example the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008.
我知道，你们参与了许多海外救援行动，也参与了中国的救援行动，例如2008年的汶川地震。
As you know
as well as in China
3．It really tough.
那一定很艰难。
4．It was a battle .
那是一场与时间的战斗。
5． try our best to reduce suffering and the loss of life.
尽最大努力减少痛苦和生命的损失是我们的责任。
6． shouting can cause you to breathe in a dangerous amount of dust.
这是因为大喊大叫会让你吸入大量有害的灰尘。
must have been
against time
It's our duty to
This is because
Step 3　过关键信息
听听力文本5.3，判断正(T)误(F)。
1．Natural disasters can cause death and other loss and damage that is easy to measure. ( )
2．Mr Wang has been part of many rescue operations overseas. ( )
3．Rescue work is a very challenging process. ( )
4．Mr Wang thinks it's their duty to try their best to reduce suffering and the loss of life. ( )
F
T
T
T
Step 4　过文意理解
听听力文本5.4，完成下面表格。
If you're outdoors 1. and move away from any buildings or streetlights
If you're indoors stay away from anything that can 2. ____________
If you're trapped knock on a wall to help people find you and only shout when someone is 3. ______
stay there
break or fall
nearby
知能为先——必备知能一站明
如何解主旨大意题
听力中的主旨大意题要求学生对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，要知道对话双方或独白者究竟表达了什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个主题展开的，有时候主旨大意较明显，有时则需要归纳和概括。
一、常见的解题策略
1．抓住材料的前两句话特别重要，因为前两句话往往是主题句，即使不是主题句，也对理解全文有重要的意义。
2．整体把握和全面领会所听到的内容。为了把握所听内容的主旨要义，要从说话人的语气上体会判断，抓住关键词，对语段进行整体理解，而不应纠结于某些小细节，避免以偏概全。
二、常见的提问方式
1．What are the speakers mainly discussing
2．What are the speakers talking about
3．What are the two speakers doing
4．What is the dialogue/conversation about
[典例]　What are the speakers talking about
A．A way to improve air quality.
B．A problem with traffic jams.
C．A suggestion for city planning.
[听力原文]
M：Air pollution is so bad in this city. I think the government should stop people from driving cars on certain days.
W: You have a point. Air pollution is a problem, but not letting people drive on certain days is a bad idea. People have to go to work by car.
M: I'm afraid I don't agree with you there. Reducing air pollution is really important. People are so used to driving that they don't think about ways to do things. If we stop them from driving on certain days, maybe they could think of new ways to get around.
W: I see your point, but I still think it wouldn't be possible to stop people from driving.
[分析]　该段对话是围绕一个话题“Air pollution is so bad in this city.I think the government should stop people from driving cars on certain days.”展开的。故选A。
训练为重——能力提升多听说
一、听力仿真训练
听下面5段材料，回答第1至5题。
1．Why is the man going to Florida
A．To buy a cat.
B．To take yoga classes.
C．To attend a business meeting.
2．How does the man find the sharks
A．Amazing.　 B．Frightening.　　C．Big.
3．What does the woman mean
A．She didn't have a vacation.
B．She liked her vacation very much.
C．She didn't enjoy her holiday.
4．What kind of animal does Simon like
A．Cats. B．Dogs. C．Rabbits.
5．Why does the man like monkeys
A．They are cute.
B．They are clever.
C．They are naughty.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does Jack want to do
A．Watch TV.
B．Play outside.
C．Go to the zoo.
7．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．At home.
B．In a cinema.
C．In a supermarket.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What does the man think of his neighbours
A．Unfriendly. B．Friendly. C．Lovely.
9．Why doesn't the man like his new neighbours
A．Their dogs bark loudly.
B．They've destroyed his yard.
C．They like to watch him through the window.
10．What does the woman advise the man to do
A．Talk with his neighbours.
B．Say hello to his neighbours.
C．Call the police as soon as possible.
答案：1～5　CBCBB　　6～10　ACBAA
?加练新题型
听力填空(听第7段材料，补全下面短文)。
The man's 1. just moved here.And he doesn't like them.They seem to be 2. whenever you see them.But their dogs are too 3. and they often come into the man's yard.He doesn't like dogs.They're too scary and 4. .Every time he wants to go out, he has to 5. the window to see whether a dog is there or not.
neighbours
friendly
noisy
dangerous
look through
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M: Will you watch my cat for me next weekend ①I have to go to Florida for a business meeting.
W: Sure.I'll pick him up on my way home from my yoga class.My kids will be so excited!
(Text 2)
M: Did you see those sharks
W: I'm amazed at the number of teeth they have.
M: ②I'm glad they have that big thick glass screen keeping us from those frightening creatures.
(Text 3)
M: Sally, I guess you must have had a good time in Europe during your vacation.
W: ③Not really, actually.
(Text 4)
W: Say, Lee.What's your favourite animal
M: I like cats best.What about you
W: I used to have two rabbits.But Simon says rabbits are too silly.④He likes dogs.But I can never stand the barking.
(Text 5)
M: Which animals do you like better, monkeys or bears
W: Neither.I like pandas because they are cute.
M: ⑤But I like monkeys because they are clever.
(Text 6)
M: Mom, this is going to take forever! ⑥Animal World will be on in 20 minutes.It's my favourite program.You know I can't miss it!
W: I know, honey.⑦But we have to wait in line to pay for these things we need.
M: You promised we'd be home in time.
W: Be a little patient, Jack.We'll get out of here soon.
(Text 7)
W: Dan, why don't you say hello to your neighbours
M: They just moved here.And I don't like them.
W: Aren't they easy-going
M: Not in that way.⑧They seem to be friendly whenever you see them.
W: That sounds not bad.
M: ⑨But their dogs are too noisy and they often come into my yard.
W: I think dogs are lovely.
M: But I don't like dogs.They're too scary and dangerous.Every time I want to go out, I have to look through the window to see whether a dog is there or not.
W: Have you talked to them about this
M: No. If the dog comes in, I'll call the police.
W: ⑩I think you'd better talk to your neighbours first.
A．Yes, of course.
B．How interesting!
C．Well, the forest is full of living things.
D．Living things in the forest are interesting.
E．Dr Green knows a little about the forest.
F．How many different kinds of plants are there
G．And there are hundreds of trees, too, aren't there
答案：1～5　AFGCB
1．(教材P34) Search and rescue vehicles are brought into destroyed areas.
搜救车辆进入受灾地区。
★rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
[用法感知]
①We came to rescue him and pulled him out of the river.
＝We came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
我们来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。
[归纳点拨]
rescue sb./sth.from ... 把……从……营救出来
come to sb.'s rescue (＝rescue sb.)　 救援某人
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
②Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people the roof of the burning building.
③He seized a branch until we came his rescue.
④The child who fell into the river would have died if the young man hadn't .
要不是那个年轻人相救，落水的孩子早就没命了。
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑤The lifeboat was sent out to save the sailors from the sinking ship. ________
from
to
come to his rescue
rescue
2．(教材P34) In a rescue attempt during the Nepal earthquake ...
在尼泊尔地震期间的一次救援行动中……
★attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图
[用法感知]
①He attempted to climb the mountain but failed.
＝He made an attempt to climb the mountain but failed.
他试图爬那座山，但失败了。
[归纳点拨]
(1)attempt to do sth.　　　　　　 试图做某事
(2)in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事
make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 企图/尝试做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj. 企图的；未遂的
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/同义句转换
②They made an attempt at (escape) but was caught by the police.
③Not many people can answer this question the first attempt.
④I have attempted to convince him, but in vain.
→I convince him, but in vain.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑤The only time that we tried to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia. __________
escaping
at
have made an attempt to
attempted
3．(教材P102) As you know, natural disasters like earthquakes, floods and landslides can cause death and other loss and damage that is hard to measure.
如你所知，像地震、洪水和山体滑坡这样的自然灾害会造成死亡和其他难以估量的损失和破坏。
★damage n．伤害，损伤，损害 v．损害，伤害；毁坏，破坏
[用法感知]　
①Drinking too much alcohol will cause damage to your health.
喝太多酒会损害健康。
②The flood did much damage to the village.
这场洪水给这个村庄造成了很大损失。
③This lock is damaged.This door will never open!
这把锁坏了。门打不开了！
[归纳点拨]
(1)do/cause damage to　　 给……带来/造成毁坏
(2)be badly damaged 遭受严重损害
damage one's health 损害某人的健康
[易混辨析]　destroy/damage/ruin
destroy 指彻底毁坏，所带来的损坏是不能修复的，“毁坏”的结果则是使物体功能丧失；也可用于比喻，表示希望破灭、计划落空等。
damage 表示“损害，损坏”，程度较轻，所带来的损伤是可修复的。
ruin 指彻底毁掉，多用于美好的事物，这种毁坏多是由自然力量、个人疏忽等造成的，“毁坏”的结果则是物体价值消失、功能丧失等，现多用于比喻，指希望破灭、计划落空等。
[应用融会]
(1)用destroy, damage, ruin的适当形式填空
④His pride is to his future.
⑤The ancient house by fire.
⑥His heart as a result of his long illness.
(2)完成句子
⑦The accident the environment.
这起事故对环境造成了巨大的损害。
⑧Tom had an accident and .
汤姆遇到意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。
ruin
was destroyed
is damaged
did/caused great damage to
damaged the bike
★measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 vi.(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为 n．措施，方法
[用法感知]　
①Friendship can't be measured by money.
友谊不能用金钱来衡量。
②It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 100 meters.
那里非常潮湿，以至于树非常高，一些量起来高达100米。
③The number of them is less than 1,000, so I hope you can take some effective measures to protect them.
它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。
归纳点拨 (1)be measured by/in ... 　 用……来计算/衡量
(2)make ... to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做……
take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)
名师点津 (1)measure表示“措施”之意时，常用其复数形式measures。
(2)measure表示“(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为”时，是不及物动词，后跟量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时态；作定语或状语时要用现在分词。
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The shirt that he made my own measure fits me well.
⑤In America, distance (measure) by miles.
⑥You should take effective (measure) to improve your working conditions.
⑦It has an area of 0.44 square kilometres with a border (measure) 3.2 kilometres long.
to
is measured
measures
measuring
⑧The government college graduates to find jobs.
政府已经采取措施帮助大学毕业生就业。
⑨Success wealth.
成功并不总是用财富衡量的。
⑩I want the suit .
我想要这套西装照他自己的尺寸做。
has taken measures to help
is not always measured by
made to his own measure(共84张PPT)
Lesson 3—乐读·浸润学科素养
课时目标
1.略读文章，了解探险家探险过程中所遇到的困难。
2.细读文章，掌握文章采用的对比手法，并用其对南极探险经历进行叙述。
3.了解并学会后缀的用法，掌握构词法知识。
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．sledge n．　　　　　　　 雪橇
2．ski n. 滑雪板
vi. 滑雪
3．tent n. 帐篷
4．boot n. 靴子
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1． n. 队长；组长
2． adj. 极地的，地极的
3． vt. 证明；证实
4． n. 洲，大洲；大陆
captain
polar
prove
continent
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1． n．探险者；勘察者→ n．探险；探索→explore v．探险，冒险
2． n．预备，准备→prepare vt.准备；预备
3． n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地→basic adj.基本的，基础的→basically adv.大体上，基本上
4． adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxiety n．忧虑，焦虑→anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的
5． n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有志向的，有抱负的
explorer
exploration
preparation
base
anxiously
ambition
6． adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→cheer v．欢呼；(使)高兴起来→cheerfully adv.高高兴兴地
7． adj.久远的；遥远的→distance n．距离
8． n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.诚实的→honestly adv.真诚地
9． n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的；真实的→sincerely adv.真诚地；由衷地，诚恳地
10． n．勇气；勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的
cheerful
distant
honesty
sincerity
bravery
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1． 　　　　　　　 停止运转，出故障
2． 在……的历史进程中
3． 为……做准备
4． 在去……的路上
5． 因为
break down
in the history of
in preparation for ...
on the way to
because of
6． 取得进步
7． 在(做)某事上有困难
8． 不久；过一会儿
9． 曾经，一度
10． 继续
make progress
have difficulty/trouble with/(in) doing sth.
after a while
at one time
carry on
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.(时间状语then置于句首引起的完全倒装)
极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
写佳句 the calm surface of the sea.
我头顶上是平静的海面。
Above me was
2.
悟原句 He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。
写佳句 You'd better .
你最好把汽车开慢点。
have your car running slowly
第一遍　泛读通文意　
Race to the Pole
On 1 June, 1910, Captain Robert Falcon Scott left London to begin his journey to Antarctica. While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south，too. Then the race to the South Pole began!
During the polar summer of 1910－1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year. Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
Amundsen was the first to leave on 8 September, 1911. He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.Because of this, he made rapid progress.Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems.First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.After a while, Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves.
Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December, 1911 and put a Norwegian flag there.Then he prepared for the return journey.Amundsen and his team arrived safely back to their starting base on 25 January, 1912，ten days ahead of their planned schedule.
Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four team members on 17 January, 1912.They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote in his diary：
“Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing — and goodbye to most of our dreams.”
The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.The men were soon very tired and were running out of food.The weather conditions were terrible.Scott started to realise their hopeless situation：
“ We are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess. Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower.”
However, on their way back they found time to look for rocks.They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them.Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
Then disaster came.Edgar Evans had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall.The next to go was
Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.Scott recorded his death：
“He said，‘I am just going outside and may be some time.’ ... We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman. We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit, and certainly the end is not far.”
Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent.Scott spent some of his last hours writing.He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen：
“I could tell you lots and lots about this journey.What stories you would have for the boy ...but what a price to pay.”
Scott's diary also told the story of their end：
“We are getting weaker and weaker and the end can't be far.It seems a pity, but I do not think I can write more.”
The news of Scott's death shocked the world.Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying “Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man”．Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
[参考译文]
奔向南极的比赛
1910年6月1日，罗伯特·福尔肯·斯科特上校离开了伦敦，开始了去南极洲的行程。在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。于是，奔向南极的赛跑就开始了！
[句式释解]
句 　While引导时间状语从句，which引导定语从句，修饰先行词a message。　　　　
在1910－1911年的极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备点，为来年的旅程做准备。极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。斯特科和阿蒙森焦急地等待春天的到来。
[句式释解]
句 　时间状语 then置于句首引起完全倒装。　　　　
1911年9月8日，阿蒙森第一个动身。他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。因此，他进展很快。11月1日，斯科特动身，但很快就出现了问题。先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。过了一阵子，斯科特和他的队员不得不自己推雪橇。
[句式释解]
句 　动词不定式to leave 作定语，修饰the first。
句 　have ...doing sth.结构，表示“使……一直做某事”。　　　　
1911年12月14日，阿蒙森到达极点，在那里插上了挪威国旗，然后他准备返回。1912年1月25日，阿蒙森和他的团队提前10天安全抵达了他们出发的基地。
1912年1月17日，斯科特和四名队员终于到达了极点。当看到挪威国旗时，他们非常震惊。斯科特在日记中写道：
“好吧，我们现在已经失去了我们奋斗的目标，而且必须要面对800英里的艰苦行进——并且要跟我们大多数人的梦想说再见。”
他们的回程是探险史上最糟糕的旅程之一。队员们很快就精疲力竭，食物也快吃完了。天气非常糟糕。斯科特开始意识到他们的处境令人绝望：
“我们很高兴，但每个人内心里的感受我只能猜测。大家早上鞋子穿得越来越慢。”
[句式释解]
句 　what引导宾语从句，作guess的宾语，正常语序为：I can only guess what each man feels in his heart.
句 　动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。　　　　
然而，在回去的路上，他们还花时间去寻找了岩石。他们一路上带着二十公斤的石头。后来，通过这些石块可以证实，在遥远的过去，南极洲曾经被植被覆盖。
然后灾难来了。埃德加·埃文斯得了一种可怕的疾病，重重地跌倒后去世了。下一个离去的是奥茨上尉，他连走路都很困难。斯科特记下了他的死亡：
“他说：‘我要出去一下，可能会待上一会儿。’我们知道可怜的奥茨正走向死亡，尽管我们曾试图阻止他，但我们都知道这是一个勇敢的人、一个英国绅士的行为。我们都希望能以同样的精神挺到最后，我们也确实快走到最后了。”
[句式释解]
句 　but连接并列句，第二个分句中含有一个though引导的让步状语从句和一个that引导的宾语从句。　　　　
斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离他们其中一个食品储备点不足11英里的地方。但随后暴发了一场可怕的风暴，他们无法离开帐篷。在他生命的最后几个小时，斯科特花时间写下一些文字。他写了一封充满悲伤的信给妻子凯瑟琳：
“关于这次旅行我有太多太多的事情想告诉你。很多你愿意给孩子讲的故事……但付出了多大的代价啊。”
斯科特的日记也讲述了他们的结局：
“我们越来越虚弱，终点可能不远了。非常遗憾，但我想我无法继续写下去了。”
斯科特死亡的消息震惊了全世界。甚至阿蒙森也被斯科特的离世所触动，他说：“斯科特上校将永载史册，因为他诚实、真诚、勇敢，并拥有一个男人该有的一切。”斯科特没能赢得极点比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为了英雄。
[句式释解]
句 　过去分词短语作定语，修饰courage。　　　　
第二遍　精读提素养　
步骤一|先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么　
What's the main idea of the text
A．A race to the Pole.
B．The lesson from Captain Scott.
C．The way to the South Pole can be too hard.
D．Enough food will ensure us to go.
答案：A
步骤二|再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的　
阅读文章第一至五段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)True or False
①Scott and Amundsen started their journeys in the polar spring. ( )
②Scott's use of sledges and horses was a success. ( )
③Amundsen travelled more quickly than Scott. ( )
④When they got to the Pole，Scott's team had a celebration. ( )
T
F
T
F
(2)Why did Amundsen succeed while Scott not
A．Amundsen reached the Pole first.
B．Scott's companions died half way.
C．It was too cold in Antarctica.
D．Scott's sledges broke down and his horses disagreed with the cold and the snow there.
答案：D
2．表达的技巧
(1)第11行中使用副词anxiously形象地描述了斯科特和阿蒙森急切出发的心情，同时也从侧面反映出他们所处环境的恶劣。副词主要用来加强程度。
试翻译下面的句子：
They have both behaved very badly so I am very sad.
(2)第13和19行中使用动词pull和push描述两队不同的情况，真实地说明天气变化给斯科特团队带来的困难，为后文的失败埋下伏笔。
试完成下面的句子：
She and saw a bright light in a closed window opposite.
她推开窗户，看到对面一扇紧闭的窗内照射出明亮的灯光。
他们俩都表现得极不友善，这令我很伤心。
pushed the window open
(3)第24行中使用了schedule 一词，意为“计划(表)；时间表”，说明阿蒙森团队出发前做了周密的安排，为成功到达南极提供了保障。该词也可作动词，意为“安排，预定”。
试完成下面的句子：
The meeting Friday afternoon.
会议安排在星期五下午。
is scheduled for
阅读文章第六至八段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)True or False
Captain Oates had a terrible disease and died after a bad fall. ( )
(2)What did the team of Captain Scott carry on their way back
F
2．表达的技巧
第44行中disaster总领后文，其后的a terrible disease, died, a bad fall及having great difficulty walking等是灾难的具体体现。
They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them.
阅读文章最后三段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)True or False
①Scott and his men survived at last. ( )
②Scott's last letter was to his wife. ( )
③A storm broke out at a wrong time. ( )
(2)What made Scott and his men heroes
F
T
T
They showed great courage all the time.
(3)What's the writer's attitude towards Captain Scott and his team
A．He is mildly critical.
B．He is strongly critical.
C．He has full respect for them.
D．His attitude is not clear.
答案：C
2．表达的技巧
第67～69行引用斯科特的竞争对手阿蒙森的话“Captain Scott left a record, for ① ,② ,for ③ ,for everything that makes a man”，从侧面赞扬了他们不屈不挠的冒险精神和向目标不断奋进的巨大勇气。
honesty
sincerity
bravery
步骤三|读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑　
本篇课文是记叙文。文章讲述了两位极地探险家——来自英国的Captain Robert Scott和来自挪威的Roald Amundsen去南极的过程以及两队之间的“比赛、较量”。文章讲述了两队南极之旅前的准备、到达南极目的地的过程和时间，以及 Captain Robert Scott和队员回程的详细过程。
阅读技巧：课文中对Scott的日记进行了大量的引用，在阅读时需要对日记内容进行分析，剖析出Scott的内心情感，更好地理解成功和英雄的内涵。如从第二段日记中可以体会出hopeless and helpless，从第三段日记中可以体会出sad but courageous，从第四、五段日记中可以体会出 full of sadness, completely hopeless, sorry等。
步骤四|最后知选文意图，思有何价值　
理解英雄的内在含义
虽然在两队的极地探险“比赛”中Captain Scott输了，可是他和队员们不畏艰难、勇于奉献的精神永存于世人心中，他们是世人心中的英雄。从中我们要学习他们坚强、执着为梦想努力，为科学探索勇于奉献、不怕牺牲的精神品格，更重要的是理解“英雄、勇士”的内在含义。强者并不是要让别人害怕，并非处处拿第一。英雄是对自己有信心、有信仰，无私忘我，不辞艰险，为人民利益而英勇奋斗的人。
请体会并记住下面的句子：
①The most precious spirit of man is fearlessness.
人最可贵的精神就是无畏。
②A soldier does not know how to shrink.He has a firm step.He sets his sights on the goal and goes straight ahead.
战士是不知道畏缩的。他的脚步很坚定。他看定目标，便一直向前走去。
阅读系列技法指导
Making Inferences
阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时文章中并没有明确说明，需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。推理判断题属于主观性很强的高层次阅读理解题，在高考中所占比例有增加趋势。
做这类题目时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想和感情倾向的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。应特别注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问你的想法。推理的原则是据文推理，合情推理，不可妄加推理，过度推理。
[典例]　(2022·全国乙卷阅读理解D篇节选)
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
35．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short-sighted decision.
B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers.
D．It upsets customers.
[分析]　该题属于推断隐含意义题。根据本段中“Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑)”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
第一板块　语言点精析
1．(教材P36) While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too.
在去往南极洲的途中，他收到了来自挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要去南极洲。
★on the way to (＝on one's way to) 在去……的途中
[用法感知]　
①On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
在我们去那个房子的途中，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。
[归纳点拨]
on the way　　　 即将到来
in the way 挡道
by the way 顺便说一下
in a/one way 在某种程度上
in no way 决不(置于句首时句子用部分倒装)
[应用融会]　(完成句子/句式升级)
②The forecaster says more snow is .
天气预报员说不久还将有降雪。
③The good service made up for the poor food in the hotel .
酒店良好的服务在某种程度上弥补了其食物的不足。
④ can we stand your behaviours any more.
我们决不能再容忍你的行为。
⑤In his mind, she was in no way to blame.
→In his mind, in no way .
on the way
in a/one way
In no way
was she to blame
2．(教材P36) During the polar summer of 1910－1911, both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
在1910－1911年极地的夏季，两支队伍都建了食品储备点，为来年的旅程做准备。
★base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
[用法感知]　
①I found a small insect at the base of the flower.
我发现这朵花的底部有一只小昆虫。
②(以文化人助写作)You can't base your life on other people's expectations.
你不能把生活建立在别人的期望之上。
③(2021·新高考8省联考)Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible.
魔术是一种娱乐形式，它建立在假装做不可能的事情的基础上。
[归纳点拨]
(1)base sth. on/upon sth.　 以……为基础
be based on/upon 基于，以……为基础
(2)basis n. 基础(多表示抽象意义)
on the basis of 在……的基础上；根据
[应用融会]　(完成句子)
④Do you really think enjoyment should others' pain
你真的以为快乐应该建立在别人的痛苦之上吗？
⑤Edison scientific experiments.
爱迪生的想法是以科学实验为基础的。
⑥Don't make your decision cost alone.
你不要单基于费用来做决定。
be based on
based his ideas on/upon
on the basis of
★preparation n．预备，准备
[用法感知]　
①(以文化人助写作)I want to improve my language skills in preparation for further study overseas.
我想提高我的语言技能为出国深造做准备。
②All the professors are making preparations for the coming academic exchange.
所有的教授正在为即将到来的学术交流做准备。
③When I got home, my mother had prepared to leave.
当我到家的时候，妈妈已经准备离开了。
[归纳点拨]
(1)in preparation for ...　　 为……做准备
make preparations for ... 为……做准备
(2)prepare v. 预备，使有准备
prepare sb.for sth. 使某人对某事有所准备
prepare for 为……做准备
prepare (sb.) to do sth. (使某人)准备做某事
(3)prepared adj. 准备好的
be (well) prepared for 为……做好准备(表状态)
be prepared to do 愿意做……；准备好了做……
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/句型转换)
④Jane has made different desserts in (prepare) for the party.
⑤Hope for the best, and prepare the worst.
⑥All the competitors must be fully prepared (give) the best performance.
⑦She will need to be well prepared for the task ahead.
→She will need to the task ahead.
preparation
for
to give
make good preparations for
3．(教材P36) First, his two sledges broke down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.
先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始在大雪和严寒的天气下出现严重问题。
★break down (机器等)停止运转，出故障；身体垮掉；失败；崩溃；拆毁，拆除；分解
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中break down的含义)
①His health broke down under the pressure of work. __________
②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. __________
③To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts.
__________
身体垮掉
失败
分解
④The firemen broke down the wall in order to gain quick access to the building on fire. _______
⑤He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system broke down. _______
[归纳点拨]
break into　　　　破门而入，强行闯入(后接宾语)；突然开始(哭、唱等)
break in 闯入；插话，打断
break away from 突然挣脱，摆脱
break out (坏事)突然发生，爆发
break up 分手，结束；(使)破碎；解散；放假
拆毁
出故障
[应用融会]　(完成句子)
⑥The purpose of the communication software is barriers to communication.
这种通信软件的目的是打破沟通障碍。
⑦A fire last night.
昨天夜里发生了一起火灾。
⑧The meeting didn't until deep at night.
会议直到深夜才结束。
to break down
broke out
break up
4．(教材P37) They were shocked when they saw the Norwegian flag.
当看到挪威国旗时，他们非常震惊。
★shock vt.(使)震惊；使难以置信 n．震惊
[用法感知]　
①The news shocked the public，leading to great concern about students' safety at school.
这则新闻令公众震惊，使人们更加关注学生的在校安全。
②It was such a shock when they announced the winner was Jim.
当他们宣布吉姆是获胜者时，大家都很震惊。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空)
③On their way to school, they were (shock) at what they heard.
④Scientists have come up with a (shock) idea.
⑤The news of his death was shock to us.
(1)shocked adj.　　　 惊愕的，(感到)震惊的
be shocked by/at 被……震惊；对……感到震惊
(2)shocking adj. 令人震惊的；令人气愤的非常糟糕的
shocked
shocking
a
5．(教材P37) The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
下一个离去的是奥茨上尉，他连走路都很困难。
★have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
[用法感知]　
①The foreigner had much difficulty in understanding the Chinese sentence.
这个外国人在理解这个汉语句子上有很大的困难。
②I am sorry you are having difficulty with your physics classes.
很遗憾你在物理课方面有困难。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空)
③That day we had no difficulty (in) (find) his new house.
④They had little difficulty new school life.
⑤You can't imagine what difficulty she has (in) (raise) her children.
have trouble in doing sth.　　　 做某事有困难
have difficulty/trouble with sth. 在某事上有困难
finding
with
raising
6．(教材P37) Scott and two of his team members carried on and got within eleven miles of one of their food bases.
斯科特上校和两名队员继续向前，到达距离他们其中一个食品储备点不足11英里的地方。
★carry on (with/doing) sth. 继续(做)某事
[用法感知]　
①(以文化人助写作)Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and work.
她的勇气激发了他继续生活和工作下去的意愿。
②If you think you can carry on drinking so much without damaging your health, then you're mistaken.
如果你认为你可以继续喝这么多酒而不损害你的健康，那你就错了。
[归纳点拨]
carry out　　　　　　　 实行，执行
carry away 拿走；带走；使着迷
carry off 成功地对付；赢得
carry through 完成；贯彻；使渡过难关
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空)
③You'll have an accident if you carry on (drive) like that.
④His courage and determination carried him .
⑤Determined to carry the plan as planned，they made very careful preparations.
driving
through
out
7．(教材P36) Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
[归纳点拨]
本句是以副词then位于句首的完全倒装句，该句的正常语序为：The total darkness of the polar winter came then.。
(1)完全倒装就是将整个谓语置于主语之前。当一些表示方位的介词短语或副词，如up, down, out, in, here, there, over there, off, back, away, in the front of等或表示时间的now, then等副词位于句首，且句子的主语是名词而不是代词时，句子常用完全倒装结构。
(2)完全倒装结构的时态通常只用一般现在时或一般过去时，谓语动词的单复数视后面主语的单复数而定。
[应用融会]　(完成句子/句型转换)
①In the front of the classroom .
我们的校长站在教室前面。
②The door opened and in .
门开了，我们的校长进来了。
③Look, there .
看，我们其余的客人们来了。
④An old man who had suddenly fallen down lay on the floor.
→On the floor who had suddenly fallen down.
stands our headmaster
came our headmaster
come the rest of our guests
lay an old man
8．(教材P36) He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。
[归纳点拨]
句中的had teams of dogs pulling为“have ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。此处是现在分词作宾语补足语，意为：让/使……保持某种状态，让……一直做某事(用于否定句时表示“容忍，允许”)。
“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”有三种结构：
(1)have sb.do ... 让某人做……(sb.与do之间是主谓关系)
(2)have sth.done 让(他人)为自己做某事；遭遇某事(sth.与do 之间是动宾关系)
(3)have sb./sth. doing 让……一直做某事(sb./sth.与do之间是主谓关系)
[名师点津]　have sth.to do“有某事要做”，have意为“有”，to do在句中作后置定语。
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空)
①There's no need to worry.I will have the car (wait) outside.
②The boss had her assistant (go) out to buy some drinks.
③My computer doesn't work and I will have it (repair) this afternoon.
④I won't have you (speak) to your parents like that.
waiting
go
repaired
speaking
第二板块　课时语法突破
语法项目—— Suffixes
[自主感知]
①(教材P36典句)Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
②(教材P37典句)The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.
③(教材P37典句)We are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.
④(教材P37典句)The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
⑤(教材P37典句)He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen.
[我的发现]
句①中的anxiously后缀为 ，构成副词。句②中的exploration后缀为 ，句④中的difficulty后缀为 ，句⑤中的sadness后缀为 ，构成名词。句③中的cheerful后缀为 ，构成形容词。
[规则点拨]
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀，使之变成一个新词，这种构词的方法叫作派生法。词缀有前缀和后缀两种。一般情况下，加前缀改变词义，加后缀改变词性。我们通常可以根据后缀判断出一个词的词性。
-ly
-ation
-y
-ness
-ful
一、名词后缀　
1.-ability，-ibility 表能力，性质 possibility 可能性；
probability 可能性
2.-al 表动作，人，事物 proposal 建议；
criminal 犯罪分子
3.-an，-ian，-arian 表各种年龄、派别、主义、职业的人 humanitarian
adj.人道主义的；
n.人道主义者；
historian 历史学家
4.-ee 表动作的承受者 trainee 实习生；
employee 雇员
5.-er/-ar/-ur/-eer/-ier/or fighter 战士，战斗机；radar 雷达；inventor发明家；发明者
6.-hood 表身份，状况，性质 childhood 儿童期；
brotherhood 手足之情
7.-ion/-(a)tion，表行为，状态 indication 指示；
relaxation 放松
8.-ism表示……主义，行为，……学，……派 realism 现实主义；
tourism 旅游
续表
9.-ist 表从事……工作的人 socialist 社会主义者；
dentist 牙科医生
10.-(i)ty表行为，性质，状态 unity 团结一致；safety 安全
11.-ment 表行为，状态，性质，结果 improvement 改良，进步；
government 政府
12.-ness 表状态，性质 eagerness 渴望；
carelessness 粗心
13.-logy/-ology表学科，科目 sociology 社会学；
ecology 生态学
14.-ship 表状态，状况，身份，技艺，技能 friendship 友谊；
partnership 伙伴关系
15.-ure表行动或过程、结果等 culture 培养；failure 失败
续表
二、动词后缀　
1.-en 使变成 harden使变硬；
shorten使变短
2.-fy 使成……，使……化 purify 净化；
simplify 简化
3.-ize以……方式对待，……化 realize 实现；
organize 组织
三、形容词后缀　
1.-able 可……的，能……的 acceptable 可接受的；
readable 可读(认)的
2.-al 具有……性质的，与……有关的 natural 自然的；
professional n．专业人员；
adj.专业的
3.-ant, -ent表 “……的” distant 遥远的；
different 不同的
4.-ful handful 一把，一撮；mouthful 一口；
helpful 有用的；peaceful 和平的
5.-ic/ical scenic 风景的；magical 神奇的
6.-ish childish 幼稚的；
bookish 书生气的
7.-ive 有……性质的，有……作用的 instructive 有教育意义的；
protective保护的
8.-less 没有……的 jobless 失业的；
tireless 不倦的
9.-like 有……性质的，像……的 childlike 孩子般的；
dreamlike 梦一般的
10.-ly 如……的，有……特性的 manly 男子气的；lovely 可爱的
续表
11.-ous/-ious famous 著名的；
curious 好奇的
12.-some troublesome 麻烦的；
lonesome 孤独的
13.-ward向……的 forward 向前的；upward向上的
14.-y 充满……的；有……特性的 clumsy 笨拙的；rainy 下雨的
续表
四、副词后缀　
五、其他　
1.-ly anxiously 急切地；finally 最终
2.-ward，-wards 表方向 upwards 向上；outwards 向外
1.-ing disturbing 令人不安的；surprising 令人吃惊的
2.-ed heated 热烈的；interested 感兴趣的
[即时训练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________(meaning).
2．(2022·全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental (protect).
3．(2022·全国乙卷)China has a (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
meaningful
protection
responsibility
4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he looked down, he (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
5．(2021·全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their (day) routines.
accidentally
daily
Ⅱ.语境填词
1．When talking about my son's reading ,I think he science books.(prefer)
2．The said an international offered much money to
_________ the activity.(organise)
3．Nowadays with the development of society, many do_________ work without any pay.(volunteer)
4．In a way, are good for developing our strong characters and I like doing work.(challenge)
5．The president invited him to his private study for an talk before holding a meeting.(formal)
preference
prefers
organiser
organisation
organise
volunteers
voluntary
challenges
challenging
informal
formal
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He deserves the highest praise for his (勇气)．
2．She answered all my questions with her usual (诚实)．
3．The nursery is bright and (令人愉快的), with plenty of toys.
4．The harbour is an important naval (海军的) (基地)．
5．No one will ever know what mix of talent, (雄心), energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.
bravery
honesty
cheerful
base
ambition
6．Join a small group bike tour for an evening of (探索) in the heart of Washington, D．C.
7．To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to (遥远的) planets.
8．To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their (帐篷) up late and packed it away early in the morning.
9．The (船长) of the ship was advised to turn back due to a sudden heavy storm.
10．The (极地的) bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.
exploration
distant
tent
captain
polar
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．As we left we had a photograph (take) together.
2．Doing outdoor exercise really can help keep you (cheer)．
3．The scientists used detailed genetic analysis (prove) the links between them.
4．Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with (honest), humour, and enthusiasm.
5．It was with (sincere) and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
6．The two countries are going to meet to break some barriers to trade between them.
taken
cheerful
to prove
honesty
sincerity
down
7．While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that (explore)．
8． (base) on a true story, the novel is popular soon.
9． (anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit.
10．The elephant heard the (distance) alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly changed.
11．You are so to help me.Thank you for your .(kind)
12．Everything is becoming more than before and many college students had to work to make some money for their college .(expense)
exploration
Based
Anxiously
distant
kind
kindness
expensive
expenses
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．He died the hospital.
2．This song an old folk tune.
3．The washing machine seems to have again.
4． lectures, I urge you to do some reading.
break down， carry on， at one time， be based on， in the history of， have difficulty with， after a while， make progress， in preparation for， on the way to
on the way to
is based on
broken down
In preparation for
5．In fact, he may be the greatest project team leader high tech.
6．Step by step, we are beginning to in the tasks.
7．They their own language, let alone someone else's.
8． ,I reached the conclusion that something was wrong.
9． I used to go skiing every winter.
10．They will their negotiations next week.
in the history of
make progress
have difficulty with
After a while
At one time
carry on
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．He was very funny and all the way.
他非常滑稽，一路上逗我们笑个不停。
2． encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
3． into the air.
火箭升空了。
had us laughing
Her coming to help
Up went the rocket
4．Jane used to her school work, but she has improved a lot recently.
简过去在学业上有困难，但是最近已大有进步。
5．They never leave areas .
他们从不离开居住地。
have difficulty with
where they live
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
On 1 June, 1910, Captain Scott 1. (begin) his journey to Antarctica.At the same time, the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen was also going south.During the polar summer, both teams organised food bases in 2.___________ (prepare) for their journeys.Amundsen reached the Antarctica first.Then he prepared for the return journey.Scott 3. (final) arrived at the Pole on 17 January,1912.They 4. (shock) when they saw the Norwegian flag.Scott wrote sadly in his diary：“Well, we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing — and goodbye to most of our dreams.”
began
preparation
finally
were shocked
The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.The weather 5. (condition) were terrible.Scott realised their 6.__________ (hope) situation：“We are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.” Then 7. terrible storm started.Scott spent some of his last hours 8. _______(write)．He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife.The news of Scott's death shocked the world.He had failed 9. (win) the race to the Pole, 10. ____the extraordinary courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
conditions
hopeless
a
writing
to win
but
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共66张PPT)
Reading Club & Check Your Progress—实践·注重应用评价
(一)Reading Club 1 ——自主学案设计
积词汇
一、掌握高频词汇　
1．(教材P43) It looks like a big, scary grasshopper，but it is actually harmless.
它看起来像一只可怕的大蚱蜢，但它实际上是无害的。
★scary adj.可怕的，恐怖的
[用法感知]
①I feel more confident in my actions now, and I know I can act in a scary situation.
我现在对自己的行动更有信心了，我知道我能在可怕的形势下做事。
②If you charge as much as that, you'll scare customers off.
如果开价那么高，你会吓跑顾客的。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
③I was scared death when I saw the snake.
④Seeing the (scare) scene, the girl couldn't say a word.
⑤She the result of her entrance examination in the middle of June.
在六月中旬，她非常害怕地等着入学考试成绩。
⑥She tries to well.
她试图恐吓那孩子让其守规矩。
to
scaring
was scared to wait for
scare the child into behaving
2．(教材P43) It has a total area of 270,000 square kilometres and has two large islands (the North Island and the South Island), as well as other smaller islands.
它的总面积为270 000平方公里，有两个大岛(北岛和南岛)，以及其他较小的岛屿。
★as well as 和……一样好；也；而且；除……之外
[用法感知]　
①He gave me his help as well as his criticism.
他除了给我批评外，还给我帮助。
②I'd like a cup of coffee, and a glass of water as well.
我要一杯咖啡，还要一杯水。
[归纳点拨]
(1)as well as “也；和……一样”常用于句中，连接两个并列的句子成分
(若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前一个主语保持一致)。
(2)as well“也；又；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。
(3)may/might as well意为“还是……为好；不妨……”。
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
③Many students as well as Tom (be) present at the meeting yesterday.
④I can speak fluent English and I can speak French .
我会说流利的英语，也会说法语。
⑤Now that you have a good chance, you .
既然有一个好机会，你不妨充分利用它。
were
as well
may/might as well make full use of it
二、拓展主题词汇　
1．native adj.　　　　　　　　 本国的；土著的
2．extinct adj. 灭绝的，绝种的
3．weigh vi. 重量为……
vt. 称……重量
4．species n. 种类
5．geographical adj. 地理的；地理学的
6．desert n. 沙漠，荒原
7．climate n. 气候
8．insect n. 昆虫
9．grasshopper n. 蚱蜢
10．hiking n. 远足
11．trail n. 足迹
12．campsite n. 营地
13．amazing adj. 令人惊奇的
学佳句
一、经典句式背诵仿写　
1.
悟原句 New Zealand is home to more species of penguins than any other country. (比较级＋than any other＋单数名词)
新西兰是世界上企鹅种类最多的国家。
写佳句 Every morning he arrives in the class.
每天早上他都是班里来得最早的学生。
earlier than any other student
2.
悟原句 Generally, the further south you go, the colder it will be.(the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...)
一般来说，你越往南走，天气就越冷。
写佳句 (2022·全国甲卷书面表达) are involved, __________the ocean environment is.
参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。
The more people
the better
3.
悟原句 If you love skiing, the South Island is the best place to go ...(动词不定式作定语)
如果你喜欢滑雪，南岛是可以去的最佳地点……
写佳句 He is the best man .
他是做这份工作的最佳人选。
to do the job
二、复杂句式化繁为简　
[改写成简单句]
In fact, in New Zealand, in one day is a common saying.
getting four seasons
析语篇
一、阅读理解
1．How many people are there in New Zealand
A．4.7 million.　　　　 B．31 million.
C．10 million. D．2.7 million.
2．Where does the New Zealand lie in
A．In the North Pacific.
B．In the South Atlantic.
C．In the North Atlantic.
D．In the South Pacific.
3．What is the New Zealand famous for
A．All kinds of animals.
B．Its rich grasslands.
C．Various seasons in one day.
D．Its birds, especially the kiwi.
答案：1～3　ADD
Forests are our precious natural resources, and we should protect and make rational use of them, instead of cutting them down blindly.And we should implement measures in a planned way.We should plant trees and improve the quality of afforestation to form a good forest ecosystem.At the same time we should take comprehensive measures for the disasters that have occurred, without harming the natural balance or polluting the environment.
二、思维培养
According to the passage, New Zealand's forests are great for hiking and camping.We have realized to protect forests and birds is actually to protect ourselves.What do you think of it
(二)Reading Club 2 ——自主学案设计
积词汇
一、掌握高频词汇　
(教材P44) Some things I liked were：
· originality
我喜欢的一些地方：
·原创性
★originality n．独创性；创造力
[用法感知]
①Creativity and originality are more important than technical skill.
创造力和独创性比专门技术更为重要。
②Their medical problems are basically physical in origin.
他们的疾病基本是身体上的问题造成的。
③All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。
[归纳点拨]
(1)origin n．　　　　　　　 起源，出身，开端
the origin of ... ……的起源/出身/开端
by origin 原籍为……
(2)originate vi. 发源
originate from ... 发源于……
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④He was capable of writing things of startling (original)．
⑤Nobody can tell exactly about the origin the custom.
⑥He is a Frenchman origin; his ancestral home is in France.
⑦All of those differences originate their culture-shock.
⑧This technique helps you determine .
这个技术帮助你确定任何需求的起源。
⑨Our personality, individuality and humanity were all believed to____________ the soul.
我们的人格、个性和人性都被认为起源于内心。
originality
of
by
from
the origin of any requirement
originate from
二、拓展主题词汇　
1．direct vt.　　　　　　 导演；指路
2．wildlife n. 野生动植物
adj. 野生动植物的
3．grassland n. 草原；牧草地
4．balance n. 平衡
5．highlight v. 突出；强调
n. 最精彩的部分；最重要的事情
6．protect vt. 保护，防卫
7．attack vt. 攻击
8．shot n. 镜头
9．environmental adj. 环境的
10．upset v. 使心烦；扰乱
11．create v. 创造
12．train v. 训练
13．greedy adj. 贪婪的
学佳句
一、经典句式背诵仿写　
1.
悟原句 I enjoyed the film and I wondered if other people liked it, too.(I wonder if ...)
我喜欢这部电影，我想知道其他人是否也喜欢它。
写佳句 me some advice so that I can get myself better prepared for my stay in Canada.
我想知道你能否给我一些建议，以便于我能为住在加拿大做更好的准备。
I wonder if you could give
2.
悟原句 If people hadn't taken the meat, the wolves would have left the farmers' sheep alone.(虚拟语气)
如果人没有把肉拿走，狼就会把农民的羊留下。
写佳句 Scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key, he from the electric shock.
科学家们一致认为，如果富兰克林真的碰到了钥匙，他必定会死于电击。
would certainly have died
二、复杂句式化繁为简　
[改写成简单句]
①
②
③
I read in a magazine.
The production company chose Annaud to direct the film.
Annaud had worked with animals many times.
析语篇
一、阅读理解
1．TomTom likes the following things about Wolf Totem EXCEPT .
A．originality　　　　 B．exciting scenes
C．great shots D．wolves
2．The film Wolf Totem directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud is adapted from .
A．a novel in the 1990s
B．a Chinese writer's experiences in Inner Mongolia
C．an original story
D．a science fiction
3．What is the film intended to convey
A．The importance of protecting the environment.
B．The scenery of Inner Mongolia.
C．The problem of natural balance.
D．The effects created by CGI.
答案：1～3　DBA
It is hoped that humans will protect the grassland, and wolves, as part of the grassland ecosystem, should also be protected.It is not advisable to overkill and cause the extinction of species.The disappearance of one species will surely bring about the prosperity of another species, which is equally disastrous.The wolf pack is not an obstacle to the development of pasture.Only when the species are controlled in a relatively balanced state can the development be sustainable.
二、思维培养
　What do you think the writer Jiang Rong wants to say about people and wolves
(三)Check Your Progress ——5种语言技能评价
Ⅰ. ——主题听力
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．How does the man feel about the changing weather
A．Confused.　 B．Annoyed.　　 C．Excited.
2．What was the weather like yesterday
A．Cloudy. B．Foggy. C．Stormy.
3．What are the speakers talking about
A．A program. B．A desert. C．A photograph.
4．How does the man feel about the environment
A．Surprised. B．Sad. C．Optimistic.
5．What will the weather be like tomorrow in the morning
A．Cloudy. B．Rainy. C．Sunny.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．How was the rain last month
A．It had been raining for half a month.
B．It rained heavily and washed away the soil.
C．The rainfall was half of the monthly average.
7．What is the season now
A．Autumn. B．Summer. C．Spring.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What are the summers like in Alaska
A．They are very dark.
B．They are pretty cold.
C．They are quite bright.
9．Where did the man grow up
A．In Oregon. B．In California.
C．In Washington.
10．What does the woman think of the winters in Alaska
A．She doesn't mind them at all.
B．She thinks they have gotten worse.
C．She couldn't stand them for very long.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What's the weather like in the man's city now
A．Windy and snowy.
B．Sunny and windy.
C．Cold and wet.
12．Where is the woman now
A．In the USA. B．In Japan. C．In Russia.
13．What is the woman going to do today
A．Get ready for the hurricane.
B．Go to the beach.
C．Call the man this evening.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What did the man plan to do tomorrow at first
A．Go hiking. B．Go fishing. C．Go hunting.
15．What will the weather be like tonight according to the forecast
A．Pleasant. B．Windy. C．Rainy.
16．What did the woman ask the man to bring
A．Boots. B．Food. C．Raincoats.
17．Where will the speakers stay tonight
A．In a tent. B．In a hotel. C．At home.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．When was the building built
A．In 1718. B．In 1782. C．In 1930.
19．What was the building used as at the time of the fire
A．A hotel.
B．An old people's home.
C．A history museum.
20．Who is Andrew Bond
A．A newspaper reporter.
B．The owner of the building.
C．The head of the fire department.
答案：1～5　BCABB　　6～10　CCCBA
11～15　CABAC　　16～20　CBABC
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: The weather is changing so much! One day, it's hot. The next day, it's very cold. After that, the strong winds blow ... It's so confusing!
M: ①It's so annoying, because I'm getting sick from it! Pass me the cold medicine.
(Text 2)
W: The weather was terrible yesterday.Did you stay home the whole day, too
M: No, I went to the supermarket.②It was really scary and a lot of trees had fallen in the middle of the street.
(Text 3)
W: ③Did you watch that program about the Gobi Desert last night？I thought it'd be really interesting.
M: The photography was brilliant, wasn't it
W: Yes. You could really feel what the life there was like.
(Text 4)
W: Have you seen this article about the environment
M: Yeah, I had a look. Our environment is so fragile. ④It makes you sad just to think about it.
W: But luckily, the government has decided to take some measures.
(Text 5)
M: I had a sore throat. The air is so dirty!
W: Then good news to you. ⑤The weather forecast says there will be a light shower tomorrow in the morning after all these cloudy days. Then it will be sunny. You know showers can make the air clear.
(Text 6)
W: I think a drought has set in. It hasn't rained a drop for months.
M: I think so, too, but didn't it rain last month
W: ⑥It did rain last month, but the rainfall was only half the monthly average.
M: Oh. That's bad!
W: That's right. It's really bad. I'm really concerned though not panicked yet.
M: I don't blame you. ⑦The pastures have browned out even before the summer arrives.
W: Yeah, and the soil has been baked so hard that the plow can't even break the soil.
M: Looks like it's going to be an ongoing thing that would get worse each day.
W: Yeah. If it doesn't rain, it's going to get critical.
(Text 7)
M: Wow, I had no idea it was going to be so sunny here! I thought Alaska was supposed to be cold.
W: Well, it is pretty cold for much of the year. But during the summer, it's just as warm as it is in states like Washington and Oregon.
M: Interesting. The days are really long right now. I don't think the sun has been down for more than a few hours the whole time I've been here.
W: Yeah, that's another interesting thing about the summers here. ⑧We're so far north that we're exposed to the sun for almost the entire day. In winter, the opposite is true.
M: You mean it's dark the whole time
W: Well, not the whole time ... but maybe for two-thirds of every day from December to February.
M: Whoa! How do you make it through every year ⑨As a California native, I wouldn't be able to handle that for more than one season!
W: ⑩I guess I'm used to it. When I was a kid, it was pretty fun to play with flashlights and have campfires outside in the afternoon. I never noticed that life was worse because it was always dark.
(Text 8)
W: Hi, Paul! It's me.
M: Hi, Mary! How's the trip
W: Great. I'm having a great time. The weather is perfect. Every day is warm, sunny and great. I sleep late, go to the beach. How is it there
M: Well, it's terrible, actually. It's cold and it rained this morning. It's supposed to snow tomorrow. A big storm.
W: Too bad! You should be here with me.
M: I don't know. Maybe
W: What do you mean, maybe
M: Did you hear the weather report today
W: No, why
M: You should have. So you could get ready.
W: Ready for what
M: Ready for the hurricane.
W: Hurricane
M: Yeah, I saw it on TV this morning. A hurricane is coming. There will be lots of strong winds tomorrow and heavy rain. It's a big hurricane, and it's coming up the coast of Mexico.
W: Hurricane I can't believe it. Well, today is sunny and warm. And that's all I care about. Light wind. Beautiful weather. I'm going to the beach. I'll worry about the hurricane later.
M: Okay. I'll talk to you later. But be careful.
W: I'll call you tomorrow. Bye.
(Text 9)
M: Sara, it's going to be a wonderful day for hiking in the woods tomorrow. The old pine forest is home to many wild animals. We might spot some deer if we are lucky. I have been looking forward to our summer vacation.
W: Yeah, but Paul, I'm a little bit worried about the weather though. The weatherman said it was going to rain tonight.
M: Ah. Nonsense. Nothing can spoil our adventure. Those weather reports are never right.
W: Paul, Paul! Did you remember to bring our raincoats just in case, like I told you
M: Here they are. And I brought two extra pairs of boots just in case it gets really wet in the forest.
W: Hiking in the forest right after the rain isn't pleasant. The ground will be really wet and muddy.
M: We can do other things like fishing.
W: Good idea. We always enjoy fishing.
M: Let's set up a tent first and then build a campfire tonight.
W: Here are some hot dogs and bread I brought from home. Let's have that for dinner.
M: Great! I will have some beer as well.
W: What if it rains tonight Camping would be impossible.
M: Hmm, then we'd better stay in a hotel tonight. There is one just 15 minutes away from here.
W: That's a good idea.
(Text 10)
Now about the news. An early morning fire damaged the historic Gallad House today. It destroyed the third floor of the building but firefighters saved the first and the second floors. There were only a few elderly people living in the building at the time and they were carried out to safety. The Gallad House was built in 1718 and was used as a hotel for over 150 years. George Washington stayed here in 1782.The Gallad family owned the building until 1930's, then they sold it to the Muss family. Five years ago it was made into a building for the elderly. Several fire departments were called to the scene. When we asked Fire Chief Andrew Bond how the fire started, he answered that it was most likely a burning cigarette caused it. Chief Bond promised to further examine the cause.
A．I can't agree more with your opinion.
B．Could it be true that the doomsday (末日) is coming
C．This phenomenon must attract people's attention.
D．This has broken the geological structure, and caused the air and water pollution.
E．People just pay attention to their current benefits and ignore the long-term development.
F．What do you think the reason is
G．You think it's due to human factor, don't you
答案：1～5　FGDCA
Ⅲ. ——看图表达
1．Have you visited any natural landscape How did it impress you
2．Do you think it is necessary for people to live in harmony with nature Why
Yes.The landscape I visited left a deep impression on me. It is not only very beautiful but also play an important part in people's life. It benefits people in some way.
Yes. Because only by living in harmony with nature can people live a happy life, or they will be punished by nature.
Ⅳ. ——阅读理解
A meteorite (陨石) moved quickly across the sky and exploded over central Russia on Feb.15, raining fireballs over a vast area and causing a shock wave that smashed windows, damaged buildings and injured 1,200 people.
People heading to work in Chelyabinsk heard what sounded like an explosion, saw a bright light and then felt the shock wave, according to a Reuters journalist in the industrial city 1,500km east of Moscow.
The fireball, travelling at a speed of 30km per second according to Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos), had blazed (熊熊燃烧) across the horizon, leaving a long white trail that could be seen as far as 200km away.
Car alarms went off, thousands of windows were broken and mobile phone networks were interrupted for a short time. The Interior Ministry said the meteorite explosion, a very rare sight, also released a great explosive sound.
“I was driving to work. It was quite dark, but it suddenly became bright as if it were day，” said Viktor Prokofiev, 36, a resident of Yekaterinburg in the Ural Mountains.“It felt like I was blinded by headlights (车前灯)．”
The meteorite, which weighed about 10 tonnes and may have been made of iron, entered Earth's atmosphere and broke apart 30km－50km above ground, according to Russia's Academy of Sciences.
“The energy released when it entered the Earth's atmosphere was equal to a few kilo tonnes，” the Academy said, “the power of a small atomic weapon exploding.”
No deaths were reported but the Emergencies Ministry said 20,000 rescue and clean-up workers were sent to Ural Region to ease and help the victims.
The Interior Ministry said about 1,200 people had been injured, at least 200 of them were children, and most from broken pieces of glass.
Questions：
1．What do we learn about the meteorite from the passage
A．It is a very huge ball made of iron.
B．It quickly broke apart on the ground.
C．It exploded over Russia's Ural Region.
D．It's similar to an A-bomb in weight.
答案：C
2．We can know from the passage that .
A．Moscow is 1,500 kilometers away from the east of Chelyabinsk
B．many houses were destroyed, with lots of people reported missing
C．Viktor Prokofiev became blind after seeing the rare sight
D．the shock wave briefly influenced mobile phone networks
答案：D
3．What does the underlined word “smashed” in Paragraph 1 mean
4．What can be the best title for the passage
Broke.
Meteorite Hits Russia, 1,200 People Hurt
Ⅴ. ——读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a bright summer's day.The weather was pleasant, but the wind from the Sahara desert made it extremely hot and wet.A ship stopped off the coast of Africa.The seagulls were circling overhead and crying loudly.In the distance, several dolphins were jumping out of the water at times to create a big white wave.
Just before sunset, the captain came on deck and called out，“Time for a swim.”
Immediately sailors jumped into the water, lowered a canvas mat (帆布垫子) and made it into a swimming pool.They had been waiting for this moment the whole day.
There were two young boys on the ship.They both jumped in, but swam out into the open sea since it was too crowded inside the “pool”．They played and chased each other in the open sea.Their fathers cheered them on, often urging one of the boys to prove his bravery over the other.
Suddenly, something gray from a distance was coming closer and closer.Somebody from the deck called out, “Shark! Shark！”The fin was moving faster.Confusion and panic arose, and everyone climbed to safety.Everyone, except the two boys.They had not heard the shouts.
The shark was moving towards the boys.
The captain shouted, “Come back, my boys! There is a shark out there！” One of the boys was his son.For the first time in his life, he didn't know what to do.He could not think clearly.The captain's face became as white as a sheet.He could feel his legs were shaking so badly that he nearly fell to the ground.
The people on the deck screamed wildly.But the boys could not hear them.They continued to play and to swim, unaware of the danger approaching them fast.Some sailors lowered a boat, jumped into it and attempted to row towards the boys.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
Just then, one of the boys looked back and saw the large animal he knew too well.　
Paragraph 2：
Their screams brought the captain back to his senses.　
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Just then, one of the boys looked back and saw the large animal he knew too well.His heart beat faster but his body froze.He screamed with fright, “Here comes the shark.Run！” The other boy spotted the shark this time.Panic seized them, and they began to swim with all their strength.But they were still hundreds of meters away from the ship.The shark was approaching nearer with its white, sharp and pointed teeth clearly seen.All the people on the deck screamed wildly again.
Paragraph 2：
Their screams brought the captain back to his senses.Rushing back, he started the engine again.“Full speed，” he commanded.The ship was like an arrow, heading straight towards the shark.The engine roared deafeningly over the sea.As if frightened by the noisy ship, the shark hesitated for a second, turned around sharply and soon disappeared into the blue sea.All the people burst into cheers, applauding the captain for his quick wit.Seeing the boys rescued by the sailors, the captain cracked a big smile.
“UNIT 5 单元验收评价(一)—(二) ”
(单击进入电子文档)
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（五）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共48张PPT)
聚焦单元学习目标
一、语言能力
听 能够听懂关于人与自然的关系的文章；能够听懂关于专业救援队的文章，并从中听出关于人与自然的关系的话题词汇；能听懂听力材料中的细节及主要信息。
说 能够合理并正确使用人与自然的关系的英语话题词汇与句式；能基于自身经历，简单描述自然灾害及求生经历；能谈论人与自然的关系。
读 能够借助关于人与自然关系的话题词汇和句式，读懂与自然环境相关的话题下的语篇，如海洋历险故事及南极探险经历等。
写 能够恰当运用人与自然关系的话题相关词汇和句式，以及关系副词引导的定语从句等对自然灾害及灾难求生进行宣传介绍。
看 能够看懂反映人与自然关系的图片或视频等，并从中获取必要信息，了解宇宙的一些知识。
二、文化意识
1．能够了解人与自然和谐相处的情况，正确认识人类生活与自然环境的关系。
2．增强尊重自然、合理利用和开发自然资源、与自然和谐相处的意识。
三、思维品质
1．能够正确判断文章作者的观点和态度，辩证地理解人类生活与自然环境的关系，科学分析和评价不同地域人类生活的差异及原因，提高与自然和谐相处的自觉性。
2．能够在深入理解文本的同时联系自身实际，实现知识与思维能力的迁移。
四、学习能力
1．能够了解人类如何与自然和谐相处，激发英语学习的兴趣。
2．能够多渠道获取英语学习资源，巩固本单元所学语言知识，丰富自己的相关知识，开阔眼界，提高英语运用能力。
3．能够选择恰当的策略与方法，监控、评价、反思和调整自己的学习内容和进程。
Topic Talk—开篇·感知主题活动
课时目标
1.听懂并谈论关于人与自然关系的话题。
2.抓住关键词，听懂材料，总结文章大意。
3.了解关于人与自然关系的名言，并根据名言内容思考，谈论自己的观点。
背词汇
1． n．　　　　 灾难；灾祸
2． n. 洪水，水灾
3． n. 旱灾，干旱
4． n. 飓风
5． n. 野生动植物，野生生物
6． n. 评论；意见
disaster
flood
drought
hurricane
wildlife
comment
7． adj. 活的，活着的
8． n. 土壤
9． n. 气候
10． n. 生态；生态学
11． n. (热带)丛林
12． n. 讲座，讲课；演讲
living
soil
climate
ecology
jungle
lecture
13． vt. 过度使用；滥用
14． n. 百万
15． n. 题目，标题
16． adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的→volcano n．火山
17． n．爆发→erupt v．爆发
18． adj.拥挤的；挤满人的→crowd n．人群 v．挤满；涌入
19． vt.使震惊；使难以置信→shocked adj.震惊的
20． 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
overuse
million
title
volcanic
eruption
crowded
shock
turn one's back (on sb./sth.)
背名言
1．The Earth and sky, woods and fields, lakes and rivers, the mountain and the sea, are excellent schoolmasters, and teach some of us more than we can ever learn from books. — John Lubbock
2．We cannot command nature except by obeying her.— Francis Bacon
3．Wildlife extinction is not a process that gives you time to fix your mistakes.In the face of science, there are no second chances. — Pan Wenshi
4．Study nature, love nature, stay close to nature.It will never fail you.
— Frank Lloyd Wright
教材为基——课内听力4遍过
Step 1　过词汇
Ⅰ.词汇联想
Discuss it with your partner and write out some words which can describe humans and nature.
adventure, challenge, protect, habitat, environment-friendly, universe, explore, be/live in harmony with, make proper use of, etc.
Ⅱ.词块互译
1．被……覆盖　　　　　　　 ______________
2．不同种类的 _______________
3．遭受 __________
4．与某人分享 ____________
5．make use of ___________
6．get hurt _____
7．turn one's back on sb. _________
8．take care of ___________
be covered with
different kinds of
suffer from
share with sb.
使用，利用
受伤
背弃某人
照顾；照料
Step 2　过句式
1．And private gardens.
还有300万个私人花园。
2．Talking about nature,
说到自然，泰晤士河怎么样？
3．There's fifty years ago.
现在的水污染比50年前要少。
there are three million
what about the River Thames
less water pollution now than
4．The winters and we don't get snow very often.
现在冬天不那么冷了，也不常下雪。
5． air pollution and noise pollution from cars and airplanes.
最大的环境问题是来自汽车和飞机的空气污染和噪声污染。
6．I didn't know we .
我不知道我们对自然的伤害这么大。
aren't as cold these days
The biggest environmental problems are
were harming nature so much
Step 3　过关键信息
听听力文本5.1，判断正(T)误(F)。
1．The speakers are presenting a programme on the radio now. ( )
2．About 60 percent of the city is covered with water or green space. ( )
3．The River Thames' water pollution is less than fifty years ago. ( )
听听力文本5.2，判断正(T)误(F)。
4．The speakers have gone to listen to the lecture Living with Nature. ( )
5．The boy knew we were harming nature so much before. ( )
T
F
T
T
F
Step 4　过文意理解
听听力文本5.1，补全下面信息。
1．About 66 percent of the city is covered with .
2．And there are three million .It's great for wildlife.
3．You can see different kinds of birds — there are over .And there are other interesting animals too, like deer.
4．There's in the River Thames now than fifty years ago.
5．There are about 120 different kinds of in the river.
6．Our climate is definitely changing.And is quite obvious.
7．The biggest environmental problems are and noise pollution from cars and airplanes.
water or green space
private gardens
350
less water pollution
fish
the greenhouse effect
air pollution
训练为重——能力提升多听说
一、听力仿真训练
听下面5段材料，回答第1至5题。
1．What are the speakers mainly discussing
A．Human health.　　 B．The environment.
C．Water.
2．Why do doctors want people to ride bikes
A．People's legs are fat.
B．Riding a bike is environment-friendly.
C．Riding a bike can improve people's health.
3．What is the weather like now
A．Snowy.　　 B．Rainy.　　　C．Sunny.
4．Where will the man work
A．On a farm.
B．In a university.
C．In a state government.
5．What are the speakers talking about
A．Economic development.
B．Traffic jams.
C．Air pollution.
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6．What is probably the woman
A．A victim. B．A volunteer. C．A reporter.
7．What was the man's wife doing when the earthquake happened
A．Sleeping.
B．Preparing for breakfast.
C．Cleaning the house.
8．When did the earthquake take place
A．At 6：15. B．At 6：30. 　C．At 6：45.
听第7段材料，回答第9、10题。
9．Why are many roads closed in the north
A．Because of heavy rains.
B．Because of strong winds.
C．Because of fallen trees.
10．In which city have fifty houses been flooded
A．Dover. B．Glasgow. 　C．Liverpool.
答案：1～5　BCBAC　　6～10　CBCBA
?加练新题型
听力填空(听第7段材料，补全下面短文)。
Storms are reported in all parts of the country.In the north many roads are 1. ______because of high winds.Two 2. near Glasgow are blocked by trees.In the south too, heavy rains and storms are reported.Near Dover 3.___________ have been flooded and last night a lorry was blown over by the wind.In the east, quite a few areas have been 4. .Many small boats have gone missing and this morning one boat was found two miles in land.Things are better in the west.But a 5. east of Liverpool was washed away and four people were nearly killed in the river.
closed
main roads
fifty houses
flooded
bridge
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: ①I wonder if future people will still be able to breathe fresh air, drink clean water and see the blue sky.
M: I think that's really a problem and it's time man learned to live in harmony with nature.
(Text 2)
M: Now some doctors are strongly encouraging bicycle exercise.
W: Bicycle exercise Is that because you want to make your legs slim and beautiful in this way
M: Actually, that's not the main reason.②They say riding bikes can build you up.
(Text 3)
M: ③How do you like all this rain
W: Well, it's good for all these trees and flowers.
M: Yes, it's nice to see the leaves coming back on the trees again.
W: Yeah, and I'm glad the snow is all gone.
(Text 4)
W: Mike, I heard that you've graduated from North Carolina State University with a master's degree in agricultural business management.Congratulations!
M: Thanks.
W: How about your job Will you take a job with a big agricultural business
M: No.④I've decided to work with my father on his farm.
(Text 5)
W: ⑤I think the biggest environmental problem in my country is air pollution.
M: Yes, I agree. The air is much more polluted than that in my country.Of course, my country has much less industry.
W: And cars are still a major source of pollutants.
(Text 6)
W: Good morning! ⑥Here is Juliet specially for the Morning News at 7 o'clock.This morning Northbridge, California was struck by an earthquake.The man beside me is Ben Parmer.Hello, Ben! Can you tell me something about what happened
M: Well, I was outside to feed my pigs when I felt the ground moving left and right.I thought it was earthquake, but not serious.
W: Were the pigs eating as normal
M: No, they just walked up and down, and seemed fed up with the food.They seemed to try to get out of the walls.
W: What about your wife What was she doing then
M: I shouted at her.⑦She was in the kitchen preparing for breakfast.⑧I watched my watch, it showed 6：45.
W: Did she feel the earthquake
M: Yes, she was very terrified.She rushed out of the house.She told me she saw the objects falling from the cupboard and furniture shaking backward and forward.
W: Thank you, Ben.The earthquake was level 6, and no buildings have been reported fallen yet.
(Text 7)
Good evening! Tonight the main news is about the bad weather we are having.Storms are reported in all parts of the country.⑨In the north many roads are closed because of high winds.Two main roads near Glasgow are blocked by trees.In the south too, heavy rains and storms are reported.⑩Near Dover fifty houses have been flooded and last night a lorry was blown over by the wind.In the east, quite a few areas have been flooded.Many small boats have gone missing and this morning one boat was found two miles in land.Things are better in the west.But a bridge east of Liverpool was washed away and four people were nearly killed in the river.No storms are expected tomorrow.
A．OK. Here you are.
B．I can't agree more.
C．That cup cannot hold hot water.
D．I want to buy some such cups, too.
E．I'm afraid I don't agree with you there.
F．Now we produce too much waste every day.
G．I never knew climate change was affecting our oceans like that.
答案：1～5　ACFDB
1．(教材P28) Comments　beautiful, quiet, green, busy, crowded
评论　美丽的，安静的，绿色的，繁忙的，拥挤的
★comment n．评论；意见 vt.评论；发表意见
[用法感知]
①Please comment and share your story with us in the comment section.
请在评论一栏发表评论，并和我们分享你的故事。
②Have you got any comment(s) to make on the recent developments
你对最近的事态发展有何评论？
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/同义句转换)
③He didn't comment what I said at the meeting.
④The spokesman refused to comment on that problem.
→The spokesman refused to that problem.
(1)no comment　　　　　　 无可奉告；不予置评
make a comment/comments on/about 评论……
(2)comment on/upon 评论……
on/upon
make comments on/about
★crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的；充满的
[用法感知]　
①Now, the bookstore is crowded with people reading books.
现在，来书店看书的人非常多。
②His height makes him stand out in the crowd.
他的身高在人群中很显眼。
③Seeing these pictures, I felt that the memories of childhood crowded into my mind.
看到这些照片，我感到童年的记忆涌上心头。
[归纳点拨]
(1)be crowded with ...　 挤满……
(2)crowd n. 人群；大众；一伙；一帮
vt.& vi. 挤满；涌上；涌入；拥挤，聚集
a crowd of 一群，许多
the crowd 人群；群众
crowd into 挤进，拥入
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
④The shop was crowded people.
⑤All the passengers crowded a bus.
⑥On the National Day, the streets a large number of people.
国庆节这天，大街上人头攒动。
⑦As soon as the gate was opened, the people around the supermarket.
超市大门一开，四周的人就蜂拥而入。
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑧There were a large number of people in the hall. _______________
with
into
were crowded with
crowded into
a large crowd of
2．(教材P101) And there are three million private gardens.
还有300万个私人花园。
★million n．百万
[用法感知]
①It is reported that the number of people learning Chinese is over 100 million outside China.
据报道国外学习汉语的人数超过了一亿人。
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
数百万英亩的湿地被晒干，为不断增长的人口提供食物和住房，从而导致水禽栖息地的大量减少。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)完成句子
③ are sending information by e-mail every day.
世界上每天有数百万人通过电子邮件发送信息。
(1)当hundred, thousand, million以及 dozen, score等以复数形式存在时，表示泛指的数量，其后要加of，但前面不能用表示具体数量的词修饰。
(2)当hundred, thousand, million以及dozen, score等以单数形式存在时，其前常用表示具体数量的词或several, some, many, a few等修饰。
Millions of people in the world
④It is reported that are starving in the world because of the shortage of food.
据报道，世界上有几百万人因为食物短缺而挨饿。
⑤We have to do now.(dozen)
我们现在有很多事情要做。
⑥ were gathered there.
成千上万的人被聚集在那里。
several million people
dozens of things
Hundreds of thousands of people
3．(教材P102) Nature got hurt, felt pain, and finally turned its back on us.
大自然受到了伤害，感到了痛苦，最后背弃了我们。
★turn one's back (on sb./sth.) 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)Whatever happens, don't turn your back on courage, strength, and conscious living.
无论发生什么事，都不要放弃勇气、坚强和理智的生活。
[归纳点拨]
turn out　　　 结果是；生产；出席(某项活动)，参加
turn on 打开(电视、收音机等)
turn off 关掉
turn down 调低；拒绝
turn up 调高；到达，出现
turn in 上交；交还
turn to 求助于
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
②How can we turn our backs people who have no homes, no jobs, no hope
③Please turn the police for help when you are in trouble.
④He said he was a doctor, but later he turned to be a cheat.
⑤The meeting has already begun, but the chairman hasn't turned yet.
⑥He offered to help us set up the project at first, only to two months later.
起初，他主动提出帮助我们筹办这个项目，却在两个月后弃我们而去。
on
to
out
up
turn his back on us
Ⅰ.培育“文化意识”
名言1 The Earth and sky, woods and fields, lakes and rivers, the mountain and the sea, are excellent schoolmasters, and teach some of us more than we can ever learn from books. —John Lubbock
意义 陆地和天空，森林和田野，湖泊和河流，高山和大海，它们都是优秀的教师，它们教给我们的东西比我们从书本上学到的还要多。
——约翰·卢伯克
深意 解读 We can learn all kinds of knowledge from the nature which is not in the books. The nature brings us a lot of precious wealth with its abundance and extensiveness.
[拓展阅读]
John Lubbock (1834－1913), an English banker, philanthropist and scientist.
约翰·卢伯克(1834－1913)，英国银行家、慈善家和科学家。
名言2 We cannot command nature except by obeying her.
—Francis Bacon
意义 我们只有服从自然，才能驾驭自然。——弗朗西斯·培根
深意解读 People should live in harmony with nature.
[拓展阅读]
Francis Bacon (1561－1626), an English philosopher, and the father of modern experimental science.
弗朗西斯·培根(1561－1626)，英国哲学家，现代实验科学之父。
名言3 Wildlife extinction is not a process that gives you time to fix your mistakes. In the face of science, there are no second chances.
—Pan Wenshi
意义 野生动物的灭绝不给你时间改正错误，在科学面前，我们没有机会去改过。 ——潘文石
深意 解读 We should take good care of wild animals, and if humans kill them to satisfy their own desires, they will pay a heavy price for their actions.
[拓展阅读]
Pan Wenshi (born in 1937), a Chinese biologist specialising in the study of pandas.Pan Wenshi graduated from the Department of Biology of Peking University in 1961, majoring in animal genetics.In 1958, he participated in China's first Everest expedition to conduct scientific investigation on the world's first peak.Research on giant pandas began in the 1980s.He wrote The Story of the Giant Panda and won the silver prize of Song ChingLing Children's Literature.
潘文石(1937年出生)，一位专门研究熊猫的中国生物学家。潘文石1961年毕业于北京大学生物系动物遗传专业。1958年参加中国第一支珠穆朗玛峰探险队，对世界第一高峰进行科学考察。80年代起开始对大熊猫进行研究。撰写《大熊猫的故事》，获宋庆龄儿童文学银奖。
名言4 Study nature, love nature, stay close to nature. It will never fail you. —Frank Lloyd Wright
意义 学习自然，热爱自然，亲近自然。它永远不会让你失望。
——弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特
深意 解读 To feel the beauty of nature, we need to feel it with our heart, because the beauty of nature lies in its miracle and humility.
[拓展阅读]
Frank Lloyd Wright (1867－1959), an American architect who was famous for the philosophy of organic architecture.
弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特(1867－1959)，美国建筑师，以其有机建筑理念而闻名。
Ⅱ.参与“交流探讨”
1．根据名言(We cannot command nature except by obeying her.)，结合自身体验，针对当前人与自然和谐共生的科学理念发表你的个人见解。
参考答案：In my opinion, man is part of nature, and the harmonious coexistence between man and nature is the objective requirement of the development of human civilization.
2．根据名言(Study nature, love nature, stay close to nature. It will never fail you.)浅谈你的环保理念。
　
参考答案：We should observe the rules of nature, take care of her and live in harmony with her. Then we will surely benefit a lot from her.(共33张PPT)
Writing Workshop—读写·体现学以致用
课时目标
1.阅读文章，归纳关于宣传手册的写作风格及特点。
2.学会写关于灾难求生的宣传手册。
课文语基积累
(一)背重点词汇
1． n．　　　　　 小册子
2． n. 避难所
3． n. (地震的)余震
4． n. 金属
5． vt. 观察；注意
6． 用完
7． 坚持；紧握
brochure
shelter
aftershock
metal
observe
run out of
hold on to
(二)背经典句式
1．The most important thing is to protect yourself as much as you can.
最重要的是尽量保护自己。
2．If possible, find a strong shelter nearby which will cover your whole body.
如果可能的话，在附近找一个能把你的全身遮起来的坚固的掩体。
3．Hold on to your shelter until the shaking stops.
在晃动停止前，不要离开你的避难所。
写作素材积累
(一)背写作词汇
1．unpredictable adj.　　 不可预知的
2．fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的
3．attract vt. 吸引；引起
4．provide vt. 提供；供应
5．profit n. 利润；利益
6．service n. 服务
7．impression n. 印象；效果
8．famous adj. 著名的
9．different adj. 不同的
10．wonder v. 想知道
n. 惊讶；奇迹
(二)背写作佳句
1．We should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology.
我们应该关注环境保护并改善生态。
2．To build a harmonious world, all the countries should take action to help the poor.
为了建立一个和谐的世界，所有的国家都应采取行动帮助穷人。
3．People all over the world are supposed to spare no effort to protect the environment.
世界各地的人都应该不遗余力地保护环境。
4．To our delight, a lot of people have been concerned about the environment.
让我们高兴的是，许多人已经关注环境。
5．It's commonly thought that lots of countries are blind to the protection of environment while developing the economy.
普遍认为，许多国家在发展经济的同时无视环境保护。
写作项目—— A Brochure
本单元的写作任务是写一个有关灾难逃生的宣传手册，属于说明文。关于灾难逃生的书面表达一般是提纲式作文。考生要根据所给提纲，列出要点，并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识和生活常识，采用不同表达方式将要点完整地表述出来。
由课文学写作范式(写得“像模像样”)
(一)课文范式提炼
(二)写作要点点拨
　说明文写作时应注意：
1．抓住该事物的特征。
介绍事物的目的是让人了解它，并且给人留下深刻印象。因此写作时要抓住事物的基本特征，加以客观地说明、描述，使读者在短时间内获得足够的信息。
2．遵循一定的逻辑顺序。
根据灾难发生后采取措施的步骤，按顺序安排好材料。也可按照所处不同位置或场景，按情况给出不同建议。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。写作时可按照 Things to do before .../Things to do during .../ Things not to do during ...进行叙述，也可按照firstly/secondly/ ...的方式进行叙述。
3．注意时态和语言。
由于这类文章所陈述的内容都是生活常识，因此，文章的时态应以一般现在时为主。语言力求准确、简洁。
由课文学亮点表达(写得“韵味十足”)
阅读How to Survive an Earthquake，习得以下素养
1．学亮点表达
文章中采用了很多祈使句。祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等内容的句子，语言简练，在地震求生的宣传手册中非常适用。
2．学写作手法
文章共分了三个方面说明了地震求生的情况，户内、户外以及车内，这些是人们常处的环境。文章在每个方面都分段落描述了需要注意的事项，逻辑清晰，语言简练，适合记忆。
[应用体验]
根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文。
An earthquake is unpredictable and destructive.However, ①___________ ________(如果你行动得当), you can minimize the damage.The following is ②____ ______________________________(你在学校应该做的事情) during an earthquake.
First, ③ (一定要保持冷静) and do as teachers instruct.If you are indoors, take cover under desk quickly and do not move until the floor stops shaking.If you are on the playground, ④ (待在你原地), crouch and protect your head.Don't stand near high buildings that may fall down and don't jump off the building.⑤ (如果可以的话，帮助你的同学) and try to go through the disaster together.
if you act
you are supposed to do at school
properly
what
be sure to stay calm
stay where you are
Help your classmates if you can
1．(教材P41) HOLD ON to your shelter until the shaking stops.
在晃动停止前，不要离开你的避难所。
★shelter n．避难所；遮蔽物vt.& vi.保护，掩蔽，躲避(风雨或危险)
[用法感知]　
①For example, if you love animals, volunteer at an animal shelter.
举个例子，如果你喜欢动物的话，去动物收容所做志愿者吧。
②We sheltered from the rain in a doorway.
我们在一处门廊里避雨。
[归纳点拨]
(1)take shelter from ...　　　 躲避……
give sb. shelter 庇护某人
(2)shelter sb./sth. from ... 保护某人/某物不受……
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
③The wall sheltered us the enemy's gunfire.
④After the big earthquake, the victims had to .
大地震之后，灾民们不得不住在临时避难所。
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑤Trees protect the house from the wind. _______
from
live in the temporary shelters
shelter
2．(教材P41) Observe carefully before you move away.
移动前要仔细观察。
★observe vt.观察；注意；看到；注视，监视；遵守(规则、法律等)；庆祝，庆贺
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中observe的含义)
①Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed. ______
②Observe carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
______
③Could you tell me how you usually observe New Year's Day in your country？
______
遵守
观察
庆祝
归纳点拨 (1)observe sb.do/doing sth. 看到某人做了/正在做某事
observe sth.done 看到某事被做
observe a rule 遵守规则
(2)observer n. 观察者
(3)observation n. 观察；观察力；观察结果
under observation 在观察中，在监视下
名师点津 observe作“观察；注意”讲时，可用省去to的动词不定式或v.-ing形式作宾语补足语；但如果用于被动语态，省去的动词不定式符号to要还原。
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④I observed her (walk) away with a smile.
⑤She observed a man (walk) on the opposite side of the way.
⑥Every (observe) we make involves the exchange of energy.
⑦The thief was observed (open) the window and run away.
⑧We it had turned cloudy.
我们观察到天气转阴了。
⑨The mother and felt cheerful.
母亲看到儿子正在做作业，感到很高兴。
walk
walking
observation
to open
observed that
observed her son doing his homework
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．People were desperately seeking shelter the earthquake.
2．He said he would hold to the truth with his blood and life.
3．This book contains (observe) about the causes of addictions.
4．The problem is that we have run out money.
5．Babies often fall when they're learning to walk.
from
on
observations
of
down
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．They because of nervousness.
因为紧张，他们抓错了东西。(hold on to)
2．Suddenly, he found that he .
突然，他发现盐用完了。(run out of)
3． because she was frightened.
汤姆的母亲因为害怕而摔倒了。(fall down)
held on to the wrong things
had run out of salt
Tom's mother fell down
4．Kids who read frequently, infrequent readers, have more books in the home.
与不经常读书的孩子相比，经常读书的孩子家里有更多的书。(compared to)
5．The spaceship some dark corners of the solar system.
宇宙飞船使科学家可以研究太阳系中一些不为人知的角落。(enable sb. to do)
compared to
enables scientists to study
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是学校动物保护协会志愿者李华，你校留学生Mike对动物保护很热心，来信咨询你们协会的日常工作内容和报名条件。请你写一封回信，内容包括：
1．工作内容：进社区宣传，照顾流浪动物等；
2．志愿者要求：有爱心，时间灵活；
3．报名方式。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：动物保护协会Animal Protection Association；流浪动物stray animals
Dear Mike，
Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Mike，
I am Li Hua, a member of the Animal Protection Association.I would like to tell you some information about our association.
What we do regularly is to organize various activities in communities to urge people to pay more attention to the protection of animals with our combined efforts.Apart from that, we also help look after stray animals, some injured animals included.
Anyone who is caring and helpful，and has a flexible schedule is welcome to join us.If you are interested in it, please send your application form by email to APA@.
Looking forward to your participation!
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅳ.读后续写(基础性)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一个完整的短文。续写词数应为80词左右。
Peter woke up early in the morning. He went downstairs in a hurry and started to have his breakfast as quickly as possible.
“Why are you in such a hurry, early bird？” Mom asked him. “We will have an English spelling test today, Mom，” Peter said.“Mr White promised to offer prizes to those who get 100 scores. I've been studying the word list since last week. Although the words are difficult, I am well prepared for them.”
Peter reviewed the spelling of each word once more carefully when Dad drove him to school. At last, it was time for the students to have a test. “Responsibility，” Mr White started. Peter wrote it on his test paper quickly and confidently.
“The second word: contribution，” Mr White said.
“So easy，” Peter thought. He quickly wrote the word down.
Thirty words later, the test papers were collected by Mr White. “I am to mark your papers now，” he told the class. After marking the test papers, Mr White said，“Three of you won a prize today for excellent test scores. Peter, David and Mary got 100 percent on the spelling test！”
Mr White praised them. Meanwhile, he gave the three students each a dictionary. Peter's was an English-Chinese dictionary — the one he liked best. Peter was so excited that he held it high when his classmates cheered. “This is my happiest moment，” Peter thought.
After Mr White gave the test paper back, Peter had a look at the words, feeling proud of his spelling. All of a sudden, the word “contribusion” confused him. It didn't seem right. Peter began to compare them after taking out the word list. “C-o-n-t-r-i-b-u-s-i-o-n，” he whispered. He had spelled it wrong.
“What am I to do？” Peter said to himself. “I expect my classmates to think I'm a master in spelling. If I tell Mr White one of my spelling words is wrong, I'll have to give my prize back, or I will become an example of telling a lie.”
Staring at the red sign “100%” which was written on his test paper, Peter was lost in thought. After a while, he remembered a lesson Mom used to teach him, “We ought to be an honest person.”
Slowly, Peter raised his hand.　
参考范文：
Slowly, Peter raised his hand. “Mr White, I didn't get 100 percent on the test. I misspelled a word.” He stood up and handed his teacher the dictionary he liked best and his test paper. “I spelled ‘contribution’ with ‘s-i’ instead of ‘t-i’．” Peter could feel his classmates looking at him with surprise as he walked back to his desk. Mr White held up Peter's test paper. “Class，” he said, “Peter did something even more important than spelling every word correctly on a test.” Mr White smiled at Peter, “He taught us all a lesson on being honest.”
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
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