北师大版（2019） 必修 第三册 Unit 8 Green living课件 （共打包7份）

(共28张PPT)
Lesson 1: Focus On Language—语法·提升语言能力
课时目标
1.熟悉动词-ing 和动词-ed形式，掌握它们的用法。
2.区分动词-ing和动词-ed形式，在语境中会灵活运用。
3.完成与动词-ing和动词-ed形式有关的习题，并能在写作中正确使用。
语法项目—— Verb-ing and -ed Forms
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟　
Stephen Curry, a successful NBA player, spent many childhood hours in ①playing basketball on a muddy basketball court, where his grandfather built a simple basket by ②attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole. ③Playing basketball was his dream.Though he was thought by many people to be too short and too weak to succeed, he wouldn't give up ④playing.⑤Selected for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State
Warriors.With him ⑥leading the Warriors, it won the championship in 2015.
⑦Inspiring others to believe in themselves, Stephen Curry has proved that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become.Stephen Curry's success has made those ⑧looking down upon him ⑨surprised.
1.动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
③是动词-ing形式作主语；①②④属于动词-ing形式作宾语。①②分别作介词in和by的宾语；④作动词短语give up的宾语。
2．动词-ing形式作定语、宾语补足语和状语
⑧是动词-ing形式作定语，修饰前面的代词those；⑥是动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语him；⑦是动词-ing形式作状语，和句子主语Stephen Curry之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。
3．动词-ed形式作状语和宾语补足语
⑤是动词-ed形式作状语，和句子主语Stephen之间在逻辑上是动宾关系；⑨是动词-ed形式作宾语补足语，对宾语those进行补充说明。
慧学语法——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观　
分词具有动词的特征，同时又有形容词和副词的特征，因此它在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。动词-ed形式没有时态和语态的变化，动词-ing形式的变化见下表：
动词-ing形式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
一、分词作表语　
[先感知]
①The result of the game was disappointing.
②All of us were moved to tears at the sorrowful story.
③His life story sounds very moving.
④He looked worried after reading the letter.
[会发现]
①③句中动词-ing形式作表语，意为“ ”；②④句中动词-ed形式作表语，意为“ ”。
令人……的
人感到……的
[明规则]
1．动词-ing形式作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；动词-ed形式作表语表示主语的状态或思想感情等，主语多为人。
2．interesting, exciting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等-ing形式的形容词作表语时，强调事物外在的表象，意为“令人……的”；interested, excited, disappointed, encouraged, worried, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, pleased等-ed形式的形容词作表语时，强调人主观的感受，意为“感到……的”。
3．除be动词外，look, get, remain, stay, seem等连系动词后也可以用动词-ing或动词-ed形式作表语。　　　
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①They were to hear the sound.(frighten)
②At the sight of the scene, all the people present were .(move)
③This is the key to make your hair look (interest)．
④The kids seem pretty (excite) about the holiday.
⑤It's (amaze) that no one else has applied for the job.
frightened
frightening
moving
moved
interesting
excited
amazing
二、分词作定语　
[先感知]
①I am fond of the food cooked by your mother.
②There is a little time left.Let's hurry up.
③All the windows broken have been repaired.
④The man was hit by a falling stone.
⑤(教材典句)Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future
[会发现]
①②③句中动词-ed形式作 ，在意义上相当于一个定语从句；④句中动词-ing形式作 ，修饰名词；⑤句中 形式作前置定语，修饰名词。
后置定语
前置定语
动词-ed
[明规则]
1．动词-ing形式作定语时，和被修饰词之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。表示感情的动词-ing形式作定语，意为“令人……的”。
2．一般情况下，单个动词-ed形式作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。动词-ed形式短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
3．及物动词的动词-ed形式作定语，和被修饰词之间在逻辑上是动宾关系；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。　　　　
[对点练]　
(1)单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷) “It can help to build a community with a (share) future for mankind，” he said.
②(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the (fall) child.
③(2022·全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
shared
falling
held
④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache) legs.
(2)一句多译
正在与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
⑤The man is our monitor's father.
⑥The man is our monitor's father.
aching
speaking to the teacher
who is speaking to the teacher
三、分词作状语　
[先感知]
①Seeing the teacher, he ran into the classroom.
②Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
③While waiting for the bus, he met his old friend.
④His parents died, leaving him a lot of money.
⑤Caught in a heavy rain, he was wet to the skin.
⑥Seen from space, our earth looks more beautiful.
⑦The task completed, he had two months' leave.
[会发现]
句中动词-ing形式作状语； 句中动词-ed形式作状语； 句为独立主格结构作状语。
[明规则]
1．一般情况下，作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。若分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则用动词-ing形式作状语；若分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，则用动词-ed形式作状语。
2．分词在句中作状语时，通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步等状语，可以置于句首、句中或句末，一般要用逗号与其他成分隔开。
①③④
②⑤⑥
⑦
3．有时分词可以与连词连用，可看作是状语从句的省略。常见的连词有while, when, once, if, though, although, even if, even though, unless, as, than等。　　　　

[轻巧识记]　分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题；
前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系；
主动用 ing，被动用 ed。
[名师点津]　动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式的独立主格结构：
动词-ing 形式短语和动词-ed 形式短语作状语时，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，但有时它们可以有自己的独立主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主谓关系时，用动词-ing 形式；当逻辑主语与其后的动词是动宾关系时，用动词-ed 形式。
①Tom looked at the million-pound note, his eyes wide open.
汤姆瞪大了眼睛，看着这张百万英镑的钞票。
②The headmaster came into the room, a group of students following him.
校长进了房间，后面有一群学生跟着他。
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, ________(plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
③(2020·天津高考) (complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
planning
Covering
Completed
④ (live) in China for years, he can speak Chinese well now.
⑤ (offer) a chance to go abroad, the students were very happy.
(2)句型转换
⑥If weather permits, we shall play the match tomorrow.
→ ,we shall play the match tomorrow.
Having lived
Offered
Weather permitting
四、分词作宾语补足语　
[先感知]
①I heard her singing in the next door.
②I watched them playing volleyball on the playing field.
③The arrival of the police sent the robbers running away quickly.
④I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.
⑤I heard the song sung in English.
⑥We saw the thief caught by the police.
⑦(教材典句)Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth ...
[会发现]
句中动词-ing形式作宾语补足语； 句中动词-ed 形式作宾语补足语。
[明规则]
1．若宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用动词-ing形式； 若宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用动词-ed形式。
2．可接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的情况：
(1)感官动词：feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch等之后。
(2)使役动词：get, have, keep, leave, send，set等之后。
(3)用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中。
①②③⑦
④⑤⑥
3．可接动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的情况：
(1)感官动词或表示心理状态的词，如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, think, consider, find等之后。
(2)使役动词或者表示“保持某种状态”意义的动词，如make, get, have, keep, leave等之后。
(3)表示希望、请求、命令的词之后，如：wish, like, expect, order等。
(4)用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中。　　　　
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①When you speak English, be sure to make yourself (understand)．
②The mother was glad to see her baby well (look) after in the kindergarten.
③Newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _________(inform) about the latest news around the world.
understood
looked
informed
④With his eyes (examine) by the doctor, the patient returned to his room.
⑤He was found (lie) on the playground yesterday morning.
⑥(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They make great gifts and you see them many times__________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
⑦(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is — always leaving us___________ (astonish)．
examined
lying
decorated
astonished
(2)完成句子
⑧You'd better .
你最好把那颗牙补一下。
⑨I smell something .
我闻到厨房里有东西正在烧着。
⑩(2020·天津高考)Just a few days after the signs went up, he___________________ ______and engaging in active and joyful conversations.
在标牌立起来几天后，他发现人们坐在那儿进行着积极愉快的谈话。
have that tooth filled
burning in the kitchen
found people sitting
there
根据汉语提示，用动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式完成短文
The white-haired man ① (骑着一辆普通自行车的) was a famous photographer ② (名叫Bill Cunningham的)．③ (致力于摄影), he put hours of hard work into his work.He would even stay outside in a storm, ④ (拍照片)．He never accepted the benefits ⑤ (因为是一名摄影师而提供给他的)．
riding an ordinary bicycle
named Bill Cunningham
Devoted to photography
taking photos
offered to him for being a photographer
This lack of self-interest ⑥ (使他专注于自己的技能), ⑦ (使他成为一名特别的摄影师)．⑧ (被他的故事所感动), I am determined to become a successful man like him.I think ⑨ (做一个人热爱的事情) is key to success so ⑩ (我将会很兴奋的) to stick to my hobby.
kept him focused on his skill
enabling him to become a special photographer
Moved by his story
doing what one loves
I will be very excited
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共62张PPT)
Lesson 1: Reading—读思·发展思维品质
课时目标
1.熟读课文，获取有关“根与芽”组织的基本信息。
2.口头介绍“根与芽”组织的社会贡献及创建初衷，阐释珍·古道尔教授的话。
3.梳理说明文的文本结构，找出并赏析说明文的写作特点和语言特点。
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．just-me-ism n．　　　　　　　 以自我为中心
2．gallon n. 加仑
3．chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩
4．wag vi.& vt. (狗)摇(尾巴)
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1． n. 树根
2． n. 芽，苗；嫩枝
vt. 射中；射击
3． n. 机构；研究院
4． n. 砖，砖块
root
shoot
institute
brick
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1． adj.担心的；烦恼的→bother vt.烦扰，打扰；使不安 n．麻烦
2． adj.坚实的；稳固的→firmly adv.坚定地，坚决地；坚固地，稳固地
3． n．基础；地基→found vt.创立，建立；创办
4． vt.参与；包含→involved adj.有关的；卷入的；复杂的→involvement n．参与；牵连；包含
bothered
firm
foundation
involve
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1． 　　　　　　　 遭受；患……病
2． 作为……出名
3． 懒得做某事
4． 捡起；获得；收拾；(汽车、飞机)乘载；
不费力地学会
5． 有影响，有关系
6． 采取行动
suffer from
be known as
not be bothered to do sth.
pick up
make a difference
take action
7． 建立；装配；开业；竖立
8． 除……之外(还有)
9． 致力于
10． 和平地；安详地
11． 全世界
12． 深深扎根于
set up
in addition to
be committed to
in peace
all around the world
be rooted in
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.(虚拟语气)
当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。
写佳句 ,I would fly in the blue sky.
如果我是一只鸟，我就会在蓝天飞翔。
If I were a bird
2.
悟原句 To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established.(动词不定式作状语，表示目的)
为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”诞生了。
写佳句 (2022·全国乙卷书面表达)__________________________________
_________beyond the classroom, we conducted a survey among students.
为了找出在课堂之外学习英语的方法，我们在学生中进行了一项调查。
To find out the approaches to learning
English
3.
悟原句 That's what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual — human, animal or plant.(what引导名词性从句)
这就是“根与芽”的全部意义：重视每一个个体的价值和重要性，不管是人、 动物还是植物。
写佳句 As John Lennon once said, life is while you are busy making other plans.
正如约翰·列侬曾经说过，当我们正在忙于其他事情时，生活已离我们远去。
what happens to you
第一遍　泛读通文意　
Roots & Shoots
Most people suffer from what is known as “Just-me-ism”．What is that Well, say you leave the tap running while you brush your teeth, leave a light on when you go out or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up. You know that all those things are wrong, but so what “What difference can it possibly make？” you say to yourself.“There are millions of people in the world and I'm just me.How can it matter if I leave one little tap running, one little light on or leave a little piece of litter on the road And anyway, no one will know.” Of course, it wouldn't matter if there were just a few people in the world.But just think of all the millions of people saying to themselves: “It doesn't matter.It's just me.And, anyway, no one knows.” Millions of gallons of water would be wasted; millions of lights would be left on; millions of pieces of litter would be dropped.And all of this would be very harmful.
To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established.This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall， a scientist who's the world's best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.In addition to her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection. The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from pre-schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future that is secure and live together in peace with nature.
The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak, but they can break open brick walls to reach the light.The roots and shoots are you, your friends and young people all around the world. Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it a better place to live in.
Do you think you help to make the world a better place when you make a sad person smile, when you make a dog wag its tail, and when you water a thirsty plant？One cheered-up person, one happy dog, one flowering plant, and you. That's what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual — human, animal or plant.Dr.Jane Goodall believes that the most important thing is that: “Every individual matters.Every individual has a role to play.Every individual makes a difference.” You get to choose: Do you want to use your life to make the world a better place for people, animals and the environment Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone's heart Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future You cannot be absent.
It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands — millions — of people, and this is what is going to change the world.
—Jane Goodall
[参考译文]
根与芽
很多人都有所谓的“就我一个(Just-me-ism)”问题。这是什么意思呢？例如，你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。你知道那些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？“会有什么差别呢？”你对自己说：“世界上有数百万人，我不过是我自己。如果我不关一个小小的水龙头，一盏小小的灯或在路上掉了一小块垃圾，这会有什么问题？而且不管怎样，也没人会知道。”当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。但试想要是数百万人都对自己说：“没关系。只有我一个。而且，不管怎样，也没人会知道。”那将会浪费数百万加仑的水，忘记关掉数百万的灯，掉下数百万块的垃圾。而这些都是非常有害的。
[句式释解]
句 　if引导虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反。
句 　本句使用了虚拟语气，表示与将来可能相反的情况。这里假设的条件没有通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在上一句中。　　　　
为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”(Roots & Shoots)诞生了。这个组织于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔(Jane Goodall)博士创立，在野生黑猩猩研究领域，她是世界上最著名的专家。除了自己的科研，她还全身心地投入环保事业。“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。
[句式释解]
句 　此处为同位语，补充说明名词Dr.Jane Goodall，其中含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a scientist。
句 　so连接并列复合句。第一个分句中不定式to educate ...students作表语；第二个分句中定语从句that is secure修饰先行词a future。　　　　
这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的基础，而芽看起来又小又弱，却可以向着光明冲破砖墙的阻挡。根和芽就是你、你的朋友和世界各地的年轻人。成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使其更加宜居。
[句式释解]
句 　不定式短语to live in作后置定语，修饰a better place。　　　　
当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？一个振作起来的人，一只快乐的狗，一株开花的植物和你。这就是“根与芽”的全部意义：重视每一个个体的价值和重要性，不管是人、动物还是植物。珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。”你可以选择：你想通过自己的生活，为了人类、动物和环境而让世界变得更美好吗？你想让“根与芽”植根于每个人的心中吗？你想成为命运共同体的一员吗？你不能缺席。
[句式释解]
句 　句中三个when都引导时间状语从句，并包含三个“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
句 　what引导表语从句，在从句中作about的宾语。　　　　
正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至千百万人参与其中，这将改变世界。——珍·古道尔
[句式释解]
句 　and连接并列句。第一个分句使用了强调句型，强调方式状语；第二个分句中含有what引导的表语从句，在从句中作主语。　　　　
第二遍　精读提素养　
步骤一|先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么　
What's the main idea of the text
A．The negative effects of Just-me-ism.
B．Everyone should do his part.
C．Measures to prevent pollution.
D．The characteristics, significance and influence of “Roots & Shoots”．
答案：D
步骤二|再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的　
阅读文章第一段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)Which of the following is NOT “Just-me-ism”？
A．Leave the tap running while you brush your teeth.
B．Leave a light burning when you go out.
C．Drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.
D．Turn off the light when you go out.
答案：D
——打扰一下，你看到“禁止乱扔垃圾”的标志了吗？
——我看到了。那又怎么样？
(2)True or False
There are some people in the world who always think it doesn't matter to waste water, electricity and so on. ( )
2．表达的技巧
(1)第6行中的so what表达了一个人对于浪费行为无所谓的态度，用得恰到好处。
试翻译下面的句子：
—Excuse me, have you seen the sign “No littering”？
—I have.So what
T
(2)第16～18行中使用了三个并列的句子构成排比句，加强了语气，强调了浪费的严重后果。
试翻译下面的句子：
Love is everywhere.You just have to open your heart to see it.It is there in the first flower of Spring.① .
② .
爱一直都在，只要你用心感受。爱在春日初花绽放；爱在夏日绿草如茵；爱在秋日孤叶凋零。
It is there in the green grass of Summer
It is there in the last leaf of Fall
阅读文章第二段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)True or False
①Dr.Jane Goodall only does some research. ( )
②The aim of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people to protect the environment. ( )
(2)When was Roots & Shoots established
(3)Who is Jane Goodall
F
T
In the early 1990s.
A scientist who's the world's best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.
(4)Whom is the Roots & Shoots targeted for
A．The old people.
B．The young people.
C．The middle-aged people.
D．The children.
答案：B
2．表达的技巧
(1)第26行中的whole-heartedly一词形象地表达了珍·古道尔教授全身心地投入到环境保护事业中。
试翻译下面的句子：
Every official should serve the people whole-heartedly.
(2)第30行中的secure表明年轻人创造的未来是安全的。其名词是security，副词是securely。
选用上述词汇填空：
This document is important, and should be kept ① .Some tighter
② measures will be taken to make sure it is ③ .
每一位官员都应该全心全意地为人民服务。
securely
security
secure
阅读文章第三、四段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)True or False
①Shoots move slowly under the ground to make a firm foundation. ( )
②When you make a sad person smile, it means you can make the world a better place. ( )
(2)The meaning of Roots & Shoots is ___________________________________
.
F
T
the value and importance of each
individual — human, animal or plant.
(3)What can we know according to Dr.Jane Goodall's words
(4)What can we learn from the text
A．Every individual doesn't matter.
B．Every individual can make a difference to the world.
C．Only a few people suffer from “Just-me-ism”．
D．People can't live together in peace with nature.
答案：B
Everyone plays an important part in making the world a better place.
2．表达的技巧
(1)第37～38行中的hundreds and thousands of表达出roots和shoots的数量之多，比单纯地使用hundreds of或thousands of更加吸引人。
试翻译下面的句子：
There are hundreds and thousands of people who need new housing.
有成千上万的人需要新的住房。
(2)第54行中使用了rooted in，和前面的Roots & Shoots相呼应，非常形象地表明了这个组织的意义和作用。
root n．树根；根部；根源 v．生根；根源在于；扎根于
试用root的适当形式填空：
The stories about many Americans who have ① in Europe are firmly
② in reality.
roots
rooted
步骤三|读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑　
本篇课文是一篇介绍环保组织的说明文。文章采用夹叙夹议的手法讨论了每个人对环境保护的重要作用。文章开篇先引入了一个新的概念“Just-me-ism”，即自我中心主义。第一段通过介绍“Just-me-ism”的概念举例说明个人微损行为的大损害，引出“根与芽”组织并说明其建立的必要性。第二段介绍了这一组织建立的时间和目的。第三段解释了组织名称所蕴含的意义。全文最后一段发出号召，鼓励年轻人行动起来，因为每个人点点滴滴的贡献都会改变世界。
阅读技巧：文章在行文中使用了举例子、重复、引用、对比和口语化语言等多种写作手法。文章开篇就连续举了三个例子，“say you leave the tap running while ..., leave a light ...or ...”。紧接着为了加强语气，连续两次使用了“one little”和“millions of”的对比。文中口语化语言的使用拉近了和读者的心理距离，“You know that all those things are wrong, but so what？” “You get to choose ...”。全文最后的总结部分连续两次引用了珍·古道尔教授的话，其中第二句引文起到了画龙点睛的作用，点明了文章的主旨。
步骤四|最后知选文意图，思有何价值　
树立环境保护意识
本文介绍了Roots & Shoots成立的目的和意义， 批驳了“Just-me-ism”，旨在能够唤醒青年人的环保意识，认识到每个人每一件看似微不足道的行为都会对环境产生巨大影响，并号召为了保护环境每个人都应该行动起来，从我做起、从小事做起。
请体会并记住下面的句子：
①Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed.—Francis Bacon
欲驾驭自然必先顺之。——弗朗西斯·培根
②If we don't save water, the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us.
如果我们不节约水资源，那么最后一滴水将会是我们的眼泪。
第一板块　单词和短语——点点清
1．... or you drop a piece of litter and can't be bothered to pick it up.
……或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。
★bothered adj.担心的；烦恼的
[用法感知]
①I know this is not quite the right word, but I can't be bothered to think of a better one.
我知道这个词不完全准确，但我不想费事再想一个更恰当的了。
②Will it bother you if I talk with you just a moment
如果我和你谈一会儿会打扰你吗？
③(以文化人助写作)Don't bother about too much of gain and loss and learn to tolerate.
不要太在意得失，要学会包容。
归纳点拨 (1)not be bothered to do sth.　懒得做某事
(2)bother v. 打扰，烦扰；花费时间、精力(做某事)；
n. 麻烦，不便；令人烦恼的事物或人
(3)bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事
bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人
It bothers sb.that/to do sth.　使某人苦恼的是/做某事令某人烦恼
Don't bother.不必麻烦了。/不用费心了。
why bother没有必要吧；何苦那么麻烦
have bother (in) doing sth. 　做某事费力
名师点津 bother作“麻烦；困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物；讨厌的人”讲时，是可数名词。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④I just can't be (bother) to look after the house.
⑤ bothers Tom that he can't find a job that he really likes.
⑥Don't bother (look) for my umbrella, and it will turn up some day.
⑦I'm sorry I have bothered you so many questions.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑧Did you have much trouble/difficulty in finding the house？ _______
bothered
It
to look/looking
with
bother
2．It is by acting together, in this exciting way, that we can involve thousands — millions — of people ...
正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至千百万人参与其中……
★involve vt.参与；包含
[用法感知]
①Parents should involve themselves in their children's education.
父母应当参与到孩子的教育中。
②The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.
考试将包括回答关于一张照片的一些问题。
③Please don't ask my advice — I don't want to get involved with it.
请不要问我的意见——我不想过多参与这件事。
归纳点拨 (1)involve sb.in (doing) sth.使参加，加入
involve doing sth.包括做某事；需要做某事
(2)involved adj.复杂的；参与；有关的
get/be involved in 被卷入……中
be/get involved with sb./sth.与某人混在一起；和某事有密切联系
(3)involvement n. 参与；加入；插手
名师点津 involved adj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”；the people involved“所涉及的人”。
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Students should involve themselves community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
⑤Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved (spend) quite a lot of time with students.
⑥In a recent book, he advocated much more government (involve) in health care.
in
spending
involvement
⑦When she was young, she did as many things as she could, like getting _________(involve) in sports teams and school clubs.
⑧It benefited me a lot to preview lessons, and review what had been taught after class.
课前预习、课堂上积极参与以及课后复习所学知识，让我受益匪浅。
involved
get actively involved in class
3．To inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established.
为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”诞生了。
★take action采取行动
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)Think twice before you take action.
三思而后行。
[归纳点拨]
(1)take action to do sth.＝ take measures/steps to do sth.　　　　　　　
采取措施做某事
(2)in action 在运转；在活动；在战斗中
out of action 失去作用，损坏，有故障
put/call/bring sth.into action 使……行动起来；使生效；使开始工作
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
②It's time we got rid of these bad habits and took action (protect) the environment.
③The new plan for traffic control is being put action on an experiment basis.
④ the fire spreading.
必须立即采取行动阻止火势蔓延。
⑤This machine is so we have to use another one that is .
这台机器出了故障，所以我们不得不用另一台正在运转的机器。
to protect
into
Immediate action must be taken to stop
out of action
in action
第二板块　句式和语法——句句通
1．You know that all those things are wrong, but so what
你知道那些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？
[归纳点拨]
本句中so what？为省略句式，补充完整为So what is it？意为“那有什么了不起？/那又怎么样？”，指对事情表示不关心，或生气地告诉某人事情与自己无关。
英语中其他常见的省略句式有：
(1)What if ...①意为“如果……怎么样”，用于提出建议；②意为“如果……将会怎样”，用于提问将会发生的事，通常是令人不快或惊恐的事情。
(2)What for？意为“为什么……？/某物有何用？”
(3)How come意为“……是怎么回事，为什么”，可以单独出现在对话的语境中，也可以在how come后接语序完整的陈述句。　
①—All right, I've been reading it.So what
—Just curious, that's all.
——好了，我是一直在读它。那又怎么样？
——只是好奇，仅此而已。
[应用融会]　(完成句子)
②—Her father is very rich.
— ？She wouldn't accept his help even if it were offered.
——她父亲很富有。
——那又怎么样？即使他提供帮助，她也不愿接受。
③ you missed your plane You got up so early and arrived at the airport on time.
你怎么会没有赶上飞机呢？你起那么早并且还准时到达了机场。
So what
How come
④ it rains when we can't get under shelter
假若下起雨来， 我们又没处避雨可怎么办？
⑤—She's decided to work part-time.
—
——她已经决定做兼职。
——为什么？
What if
What for
2．That's what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual — human, animal or plant.
这就是“根与芽”的全部意义：重视每一个个体的价值和重要性，不管是人、动物还是植物。
[归纳点拨]
本句中what引导表语从句，且在从句中作宾语。
what常可用来引导名词性从句，其在名词性从句中常可以理解为：……的事物，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语。　　　
[易混辨析]　名词性从句中的that和what
相同点 that与what都可引导名词性从句
不同点 在引导名词性从句时，that在从句中不作成分，也无具体意思，只起连接作用
what在其引导的名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语，并保持原疑问词的意义或表示“……的事物”
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
① we need more equipment is very clear.
② he needs is a cool drink.
③Our school is not it used to be.
④The news came our sports meet had been put off.
(2)句型转换
⑤He is no longer the person that he used to be.
→He is no longer .
⑥All that we need is your timely help.
→ is your timely help.
That
What
what
that
what he used to be
What we need
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Dogs (摇) their tails when they are pleased.
2．These plants produce a number of thin (树根)．
3．This is just a toy gun — it doesn't (射击) real bullets.
4．There is a middle school attached to the (机构)．
5．This wet ground is not (坚实的) enough to walk on.
wag
roots
shoot
institute
firm
6．He's very (担心的) about what people think of him.
7．Respect and love provide a solid (基础) for marriage.
8．His two-storey (砖) home was surrounded by tall, leafy trees.
9．The test will (包含) answering questions about a photograph.
10．The average price for all grades of petrol at the pump was $3.49 a (加仑)．
bothered
foundation
brick
involve
gallon
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．When you ,always take steps to act with a purpose, so that your actions are in line with your values.
2．Either you or your brother is to Tom at the airport.
3．It consists of pages of data.
4．What do you the meeting held yesterday
in peace， millions of， make a difference， pick up， take action， set up， think of， be known as， in addition to， be rooted in
take action
pick up
millions of
think of
5．A big supermarket and more than twenty different shops have been here since last year.
6． the names on the list, there are six other applicants.
7.It is believed that the place will become a paradise if all people live .
8．Changing schools sometimes to our life.
9．The hero's words people's hearts.
10．Beijing the capital of China.
set up
In addition to
in peace
makes a difference
are rooted in
is known as
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．They went off together and alone.
他们一起离开了，留下我独自一人坐在那里。
2．—You will take a chance on the weather if you go on holiday in the UK.
—
——如果你到英国度假，天气好不好要碰运气。
——那又如何？
3．If ,we should not be able to walk.
如果没有地球引力，我们就不能行走。
left me sitting there
So what
there were no gravity
4． more than 100 years ago Tsinghua University was founded.
正是在100多年前清华大学建立了。
5． was the way (that/in which) she spoke to her father.
最令我惊讶的是她对她父亲说话的方式。
It is
that
What surprised me most
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Most people suffer from what is known as “Just-me-ism”．What is that In fact, it involves some bad behaviors which do harm to the environment.Therefore, 1. (inspire) young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community, Roots & Shoots was established.This institute 2. (set) up in the early 1990s by Dr.Jane Goodall, a scientist who's the world's best-known expert on wild chimpanzees.In addition to 3. (she) research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to 4. (environment) protection.
to inspire
was set
her
environmental
The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots 5. (be) to educate young people, from pre-schoolers to university students, so they can help to build a future 6. is secure and live together in peace with nature.The organisation is called Roots & Shoots because roots move 7. (slow) under the ground to make a firm foundation, and shoots seem small and weak, 8. they can break open brick walls to reach the light.The roots and shoots are you, your 9. (friend) and young people all around the world.Hundreds and thousands of roots and shoots can solve the problems, change the world and make it 10. better place to live in.That's what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual — human, animal or plant.
is
that/which
slowly
but
friends
a
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共67张PPT)
Lesson 2—听说·强化交际技能
课时目标
1.听关于绿化沙漠的材料，了解绿化沙漠的重要性。
2.通过听力文本，了解NPO-Greenlife组织及其创建者易解放的事迹。
3.评价易解放献出一切、投身环保事业的意义，深入理解人与自我、人与环境的关系。
背词汇
(一)记熟教材内词汇
1． n．　　　　　　 海报
2． n. 联合会
3． vi. 发生
4． adj. 微小的；苗条的；薄的
5． n. 比率，率
6． n. 引文，引用(的话)
poster
union
occur
slim
rate
quote
7． n. 墓碑
8． vt. 克服(困难)；控制(感情)
9． adj. 以前的，从前的
10． n. 县
11． adj. 普通的；平常的
12． n．创办人，创始者→found vt.建立
13． n．盈利，利润→non-profit adj.非营利的
14． n．下午→ am n．上午
headstone
overcome
former
county
ordinary
founder
profit
pm
15． (＝organizer) n．组织者，安排者→organise (＝organize) vt.组织，安排→organisation (＝organization) n. 组织
16. adj.满意的；满足的→content n．内容；含量；满足v.使满足adj.满足的，满意的；愿意的
17． n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的
18． n．建议，提议→propose v．建议，提议
19． n．地区，区域→regional adj.地区的，区域的
organiser
contented
agriculture
proposal
region
20． n．继续生存，幸存→survive v．继续存在；幸存→survivor n．
幸存者
21． n．决心；毅力→determine v．决定；下定决心→determined adj.坚决的
22． adj.当前的，现时的→currently adv.当前，目前
23． 　 (使)某人梦想成真
24. 调整(情绪)
survival
determination
current
make sb.'s dream come true
work throughs
(二)多积同主题词汇
1．concerned adj. 担心的，关心的
2．plastic adj. 塑料制的
3．policy n. 政策；原则
4．caution n. 谨慎；小心
5．disadvantage n. 不利条件；劣势
6．source n. 源头；来源；根源
7．take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
8．take part in/participate in/be involved in　 参加
9．in the long term 从长远角度看
10．dream about/of 梦想
背佳句
(一)同“主题”佳句荟萃，让表达丰富多彩
绿色生活靠你我
1．In recent years, sandstorms have occurred in China frequently, especially in northwestern areas, whose severe influence has caused wide concern in China.
近年来，中国经常发生沙尘暴，尤其是在西北地区，沙尘暴的严重影响在中国已引起了广泛关注。
2．To efficiently prevent sandstorms, we should plant more trees and grass which can keep the soil from being washed away.
为了有效防止沙尘暴，我们应该多种植一些树木和草，这样可以防止土壤被冲走。
3．Let's take action to do what we can to prevent sandstorms from today.
让我们从今天开始采取行动，尽我们所能阻止沙尘暴。
4．The Sahara Desert, covering most of North Africa, is the largest desert in the world.
撒哈拉沙漠，覆盖了北非大部分地区，是世界上最大的沙漠。
5．Because of the hard work of the farmers, the desert is finally turned into rich farmland.
由于农民的辛勤劳动，沙漠最终变成了肥沃的农田。
6．Desertification, the name for what happens when a piece of land is turned into desert，is a growing world problem.
一片土地变成沙漠时发生的现象称为沙漠化现象，这正在成为一个世界性问题。
(二)同“意境”佳句集群，让表达活灵活现
优美的环境描写
1．The gurgle of the stream soothed me.
溪水的汩汩声使我感到平静。
2．A clear little stream ran quite merrily along its narrow way.
一条清澈的小溪沿着狭窄的道路欢快地流淌着。
3．The fragrant flowers attracted lots of birds, lingering around them.
芬芳的花朵吸引了许多鸟儿在它们周围逗留。
4．The lake mirrored the sky above, both of them blameless blue.
湖面倒映着上方的天空，它们都蓝得无可挑剔。
5．The water was deep blue and sunlight glittered on its looking glass-clear surface.
水是深蓝色的，阳光在清澈如玻璃的水面上闪闪发光。
教材为基——课内听力4遍过
Step 1　过词块(英汉互译)
1．建立　　　　 　　　　　　 ______
2．使某人梦想成真 _________________________________
3．同意 __________
4．刮走，吹走 __________
5．阻止某人尝试 _____________________
set up
make one's dream come true/a reality
agree with
blow away
prevent sb. from trying
6．make a huge difference ____________________________
7．bring ... to an end ___________
8．work through one's sadness ___________________
9．refer to ... as ... _______________
10．make efforts _________
产生巨大的不同，有很大的影响
使……结束
调整某人的悲伤情绪
把……称为……
做出努力
Step 2　过句式(完成句子)
1．Ms Yi had a contented life .
易女士一直过着心满意足的生活，直到一件可怕的事情发生，改变了她的
生活。
2．But ,she remembered _____________________________
about the sandstorms and deserts in northern China.
但是尽管她很伤心，她还是记得她的儿子对中国北方的沙尘暴和沙漠有多
担心。
despite her sadness
until a terrible event occurred which changed her life
how concerned her son had been
3．He had said that he wanted to plant trees there .
他曾说过毕业后想在那里种树。
4．Although ,the difficulty did not .
虽然这些树能够存活的机会似乎很渺茫，但是困难没有阻止她尝试。
5． never to give up.
永不放弃一直是她的原则。
6． ,you served a purpose.
无论是活着还是倒下，你都有一定的价值。
after he graduated
there seemed only a slim chance that the trees could survive
prevent her from trying
It had always been her policy
Alive or fallen
7． ,you ,your brightness gave light and warmth to others.
活着的时候，你骄傲地抵抗着风和沙尘； 倒下的时候，你的光芒给了别人光明和温暖。
8．I'm interested in .
我对她现在正在从事的工作很感兴趣。
9．This time she chose the county _______________________________________
.
这次她选择了那个县城，许多影响北京的沙尘暴都始于那里。
Alive
stood proud against winds and sandstorms; fallen
what she is working on now
where many of the sandstorms that affect
Beijing start
Step 3　过关键信息
听听力文本8.3，判断正(T)误(F)。
1．Ms Yi Jiefang together with her son is the founder of NPO-Greenlife. ( )
2．Yi Jiefang's son died of an illness at the age of 22. ( )
3．Yi Jiefang's son once dreamed of planting trees in northern China. ( )
F
F
T
听听力文本8.4，判断正(T)误(F)。
4．The early days of NPO-Greenlife went on well. ( )
5．At the beginning, Ms Yi Jiefang and her team were not experienced in tree planting. ( )
6．Now 85% of the trees have survived. ( )
听听力文本8.5，判断正(T)误(F)。
7．The presenter shows great respect for Yi Jiefang. ( )
8．Yi Jiefang is a determined person. ( )
9．Yi Jiefang has realized all the dreams of her son's. ( )
F
T
T
T
T
F
Step 4　过文意理解
听听力文本8.6，补全下面表格。
What gave Yi Jiefang strength after her son's death Her son's 1. .
The 2. condition of the desert Yi chose It was referred to as “the Sea of Death”．
The current condition of the desert Yi chose ·3. has gradually started to grow.
·Villagers can even grow watermelons.
·The local river runs and is full of 4. now.
In 2013 Yi began a new 5. to plant more trees in Inner Mongolia.
NPO-Greenlife It has attracted many volunteers.
wishes
former
Grassland
fish
project
知能为先——必备知能一站明
快速记录听力信息
听力录音转瞬即逝，因此，快速记录是听力考试中必须具备的一项能力。如果考生能够在很短的时间内把所听到的内容、重音、语调记录下来，并加以综合推断和理解，答题的正确率自然就会高。
在英语听力考试中，记录可以分为两种形式：一种是心记；另一种是笔记。无论是哪种记录形式，都不允许在听的过程中停下来去记录，只能是边听边记；对于没有听清的内容，也只好放弃而继续往下听。
1．心记：心记也就是脑记、短时记忆。主要解决第一节的5个短对话。
一般采用句子复述法来进行，即重复所听到的内容，由简单到复杂，逐渐增加记忆的长度和难度，把语音与语义结合起来。
[典例]
W: Excuse me, sir, visiting hours are over now.Your wife must get some rest.
M: Oh, I'm sorry, doctor.I didn't hear the bell, or I would have left earlier.
[分析]　此对话关注的重点是visiting hours, wife, doctor, bell等词。
2．笔记：对于信息量较大的听力材料，显然单靠心记是行不通的，而要用笔头的方式把它记录下来，即笔记。主要解决第二节的语篇对话或独白。
一般采用选择性记录。即对于长句可只记录几个单词，甚至几个单词的首字母；对于时间、数量只用阿拉伯数字记录即可。
3．速记方法：
(1)用标志性的字母代替较长的单词
这种方法适合记比较长的单词、常见的单词及专有名词(人名、地名、国家名、组织机构名称等)，如：UN 代表 the United Nations；GB 代表 Great Britain；M 代表 mountain；tele 代表telephone等。
(2)用核心成分代替句子
即用句中的核心成分代替整个句子，省去其他起语法功能的连词、冠词、介词等虚词；用阿拉伯数字代替它们的英语表达法。如：In Britain anyone who is physically and mentally fit and over the age of seventeen can apply for a driving license.可以速记为：Br.any physi ment fit age 17 app driv lice.这些核心成分就为整理答案的内容提供了充分的依据。
(3)用符号表示信息
如用“←”“↑”“→”“↓”等符号表示不同的方向，用“＜”表示 less than，用“＝”表示 be equal to，用“＞”表示 more than，用“(　)”表示 include。这样既可以节省时间又可以利用图形符号的直观性恢复省略掉的信息。
[典例]
W: Did you know James went out of business
M: Really When was that
W: Last month.
M: That's too bad! He had owned that business for 15 years.What happened
W: I don't know.But life must be pretty tough for his family now.His sons are still so young.One is 13 and the other is 10.
M: Well, maybe things are not as bad as they seem to be.
W: I hope so.
[分析]　此对话关注的重点是out of bus (代表business), la mon (代表last month)，15 y (代表years), tough, young, bad等词。
训练为重——能力提升多听说
一、听力仿真训练
听下面5段对话，回答第1至5题。
1．What makes the man feel sick
A．The polluted water.
B．The polluted air.
C．The noise.
2．How did the man get to work
A．By car.　　　 B．By bike.　　　　C．By bus.
3．How will the speakers deal with the old toys
A．By giving them away.
B．By keeping them.
C．By throwing them out.
4．What will tomorrow's talk be about
A．Rivers. B．Rainforest. C．Flowers.
5．When are the clocks set back an hour in the United States
A．In the summer. B．In the spring.　 C．In the autumn.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What are the speakers discussing
A．An environment-friendly material.
B．A neighborhood recycling project.
C．A garbage separating job in a school.
7．What does the man decide to do
A．Ask the school children for help.
B．Hire someone to do the separating job.
C．Have separate containers clearly marked.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the conversation mainly about
A．The advantages and disadvantages of living in the city.
B．The bad conditions in big cities.
C．The city of New Delhi.
9．What bothers the woman in this city
A．The dangers.
B．The noise and the smoke.
C．The long lines at the banks or in the stores.
10．Where does the man come from
A．New Delhi. B．New York. C．Chicago.
答案：1～5　BAACC　　6～10　BCABA
?加练新题型
听第7段材料，补全下面表格。
What makes the woman have a headache All the noise and all the 1. .
What does the man think of New Delhi？ It is very noisy and 2. _________,
but it is also exciting.
What does the woman think of living in a small town It is 3. .
What does the woman love doing in the city？ She loves 4. in the city.
smoke
crowded
boring
shopping
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: Why do you wear a mask even in the office
M: Nowadays, ①the air pollution is very serious.It makes me feel sick.
(Text 2)
W: The traffic is terrible today.It took me forty minutes by bus.
M: Well, ②I drove and it took me an hour!
W: An hour! It's probably quicker by bike.
(Text 3)
M: What do you think we should do with all these old toys we saved from our childhood ③How about giving them to our neighbor's kids
W: ③Well, you decide. And I would hate to throw them out.
(Text 4)
W: Do you fancy coming along to tomorrow's Nature talk The last one on rivers was very good.
M: Yeah.I heard it's about rainforest this time.
W: Actually there's a talk on that next month.④This one will deal with something closer to home — wild flowers in gardens.
(Text 5)
M: Lisa, do you know about Daylight Saving Time in America
W: Yes.Twice a year, all the clocks in the US are changed by one hour.In the spring, clocks are moved ahead an hour.⑤In the fall, clocks are set back an hour to standard time.
M: Why
W: To take advantage of the extra daylight and save energy.
(Text 6)
W: Dad, ⑥I see the neighborhood group will start recycling some of the garbage we usually throw away.
M: I think everyone should know how to protect the environment.But we've met one problem.How do we separate all the different materials Nobody has time to spend doing the job.
W: We were talking about something like that in the school the other day.Let everybody help.⑦Have separate containers clearly marked for each type of garbage.
M: ⑦Why didn't we think of that Thanks a lot.
(Text 7)
W: Phew ... I'm glad I don't live in this city.⑨I have a headache from all the noise and all the smoke.
M: You think this is bad ⑩New Delhi is noisier and much more crowded than the city here.
W: Yeah, and I hear the air's worse too.
M: That's right.
W: So, I guess you don't miss that, huh ⑩You were born there.
M: Well, I don't miss those things, but a city like New Delhi is also very exciting.
W: Yes, I'm sure that's true.
M: But I prefer the peace and quiet of a town.The people are friendlier and things are cheaper there.
W: Well, you know, I'm from a small town, and it can be awfully boring.I'm really ready to live in a big city like New York or Chicago.You can do lots of things there.
M: Yeah, but it's more dangerous there.
W: Yeah, ⑧that's a disadvantage.But there are lots of good things too.
M: Like what The long lines you wait in at the bank or in the stores
W: Lines don't bother me.I really love shopping in the city.You can find anything.
M: Great.Then next time we need something, you can go into the city.
二、口语交际训练
根据汉语提示补全对话。
M：Where do you want to go now
W：1. (我们去看大象吧)!
M：The elephants？Why do you like elephants
W：Oh, they're interesting. And 2. (它们真的很聪明)．
M：Yes, but they are ugly, too.
W：Oh, Tony！So, where do you want to go
Let's see the elephants
they are really intelligent
M：Let's see the pandas.3. (它们很可爱)．
W：Oh, yeah.I love pandas.They're beautiful.But they are also kind of shy.Where are they
M：4. (它们就在左边), just across from the koala bears.
W：Then, 5. (我们为什么不去看看) the koala bears first
M：Sounds great! OK, let's go.
They are very cute
They're over there on the left
why don't we see
1．Ms Yi had a contented life until a terrible event occurred which changed her life.
易女士一直过着心满意足的生活，直到一件可怕的事情发生，改变了她的生活。
★contented adj.满意的；满足的
[用法感知]　
①She was gazing at her baby with a soft, contented smile on her face.
她正注视着她的孩子，脸上带着温柔又满足的笑容。
②Professor Smith contents himself with the content of his essay, but he is still not content with the style of his writing.
史密斯教授对他的文章内容感到满意，但对他的写作风格还不满意。
③She is quite content to live at home with her parents.
她十分满足于在家和她父母同住。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④The little girl gave me a (content) smile just now.
⑤My parents are content (live) in the country, where the air is fresh and clean.
⑥The (content) of the letter are still secret until today.
⑦—Do you want anything else for your birthday
—Nothing else.I'm very content what you've bought for me.
contented
to live
contents
with
(2)一句多译
那些满足于现状的人在生活中一定不会有大的作为。
⑧Those who their present situations will surely make no difference in life.(content adj.)
⑨Those who their present situations will surely make no difference in life.(content v．)
are content with
content themselves with
★occur vi.发生；出现
[用法感知]　
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.
我们是进化的产物，而不仅仅是发生在数十亿年前的进化。
②It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我从未想过你会成功地说服他改变主意。
[归纳点拨]
[易混辨析]
Sth.occurs to sb.　　　 　 某事被某人想起
It occurs to sb.that ... 某人想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人想起做某事
词形 词义 搭配
occur 发生 指“发生”时可与happen换用，但后接to sb./sth.时，两者含义不同。It/Sth.occurs to sb.that ...＝It/Sth.strikes/hits sb.that ...指“某人想起……”。注意：occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred，现在分词为occurring; occur没有被动语态，不用进行时；occur作谓语时，主语不能为人。
　
happen 偶然发生， 碰巧 指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事物”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。happen to sb./sth.指“不好的事情发生在某人/物身上”
take place 发生，举行某种活动 常指按计划发生的事，没有“偶然”的意味。
break out 爆发，突然开始 多指战争、火灾等突然爆发或疾病、疫情等暴发
续表
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
③It occurred me that I played an important part in their lives.
④ had never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match.
⑤Suddenly ,but she didn't know how to speak it out.
她突然想到了一个好主意，但是不知道如何说出来。
to
It
a good idea occurred to her
⑥I suppose the police.
我想你根本就没想到打电话报警吧。
(2)选用上面方框中的词填空
After the flu ⑦ ,an urgent meeting ⑧ ,and we discussed what had ⑨ among the students, and finally agreed on the way to prevent it spreading.
it didn't occur to you to phone
broke out
took place
happened/occurred
2．Now the trees have a survival rate of 85%.
现在这些树的存活率达到了85%。
★survival n．继续生存，幸存
[用法感知]
①The natural environment should be protected because of the important role it plays in human survival and development.
自然环境应该被保护，因为它在人类生存和发展方面起着重要作用。
②After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, who urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
洪灾过后，那个地区的人们正在受苦，为了生存，他们急需干净的水、药品和住所。
③The survivor said it was because of his strong determination that he survived the earthquake.
幸存者说，正是因为他的坚强决心，他才在地震中幸存下来。
归纳点拨 (1)survive vt.　幸存；生还；幸免于；比……活得长
vi. 幸存；活下来
survive sth. 在……之后仍然幸存
survive sb.(by ...)比某人活得长(……)
survive on 靠……存活下来
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
名师点津 survive表示“从地震、火灾、事故等中幸存下来”时，为及物动词，其后不可接介词from或in。
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Only two people (survive) the fire yesterday.
⑤A lot of small companies have to fight for (survive)．
⑥The old man is a (survive) of an air raid.
⑦People who will remember their terrible experiences forever.
那些在地震中幸存下来的人将永远不会忘记他们可怕的经历。
⑧The man five years, during which he lived in a small house.
这个男子比他的妻子多活了五年，这期间他住在一所小房子里。
survived
survival
survivor
survived the earthquake
survived his wife by
3．She has made a huge difference with her determination to make her son's dreams a reality.
她决心让她儿子的梦想成为现实，这使她对社会产生了重大影响。
★determination n．决心；毅力
[用法感知]
①Henry's determination carried his team through the tough period, and then they finally succeeded.
亨利的决心帮助他的团队渡过了艰难的时期，然后他们终于成功了。
②How hard the athletes work now will determine how they perform in the Olympics.
运动员们现在的努力程度将决定他们在奥运会上的表现。
③Before starting the race, he gave me a determined look.
比赛开始前，他给了我一个坚定的眼神。
归纳点拨 (1)with determination　　坚决地；果断地
(2)determine vt.确定，决定；使下定决心
determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth. 决定做某事
determine sb.to do sth. 　使某人下决心做某事
determine＋that/wh-从句 　　决定……
(3)determined adj. 有决心的
be determined to do sth. 　决心做某事
be determined that ... 决定……，坚信……
名师点津 (1)“决定做某事”的常见表达方式还有：make up one's mind to do sth., decide to do sth., make a decision to do sth.；
(2)determined 为形容词化的动词-ed形式，常作状语，类似结构的词语还有：(be) lost in, (be) faced with, (be) dressed in, (be) absorbed in, (be) buried in, (be) devoted to等。
续表
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Write a poem about how courage, ______________ (determine), and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
⑤She determined (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
⑥ (determine) to be myself and move forward, I can now call myself a “marathon winner”．
⑦I and proud of my daily progress.
我下定决心成功并对自己每天的进步感到骄傲。
⑧Everyone concerned acted .
所有相关人员都表现出了极大的勇气和决心。
determination
to work
Determined
am determined to succeed
with great courage and determination
4．So Yi Jiefang decided to make her son's dream come true, and NPO-Greenlife was born.
因此，易解放决定让儿子的梦想得以实现， 这样NPO绿色生命组织就诞生了。
★come true (希望、愿望等)实现，成为现实
[用法感知]　
①May all your dreams come true!
祝你所有的梦想都成真！
②He will do everything he can to make his dream come true.
他会尽一切努力来实现自己的梦想。
[易混辨析]　realize 和 come true 均可以表示“实现”。realize 为及物动词，其后可跟宾语；而come true为不及物短语动词，其后不可跟宾语，come true 不用于被动语态。come true 相当于be realized。
[应用融会]　(完成句子)
③When he was young, he dreamed of travelling round the world and now it .
他年轻时曾梦想周游世界，如今，这个梦想已经实现。
has come true
④His dream of taking part in the Olympics at last.
他参加奥运会的梦想最终实现了。
⑤If you work hard constantly, you will .
如果坚持不懈，你将会梦想成真。
came true/ was realized
make your dream come true
5．How did Ms Yi Jiefang work through her sadness after her son's death
易解放女士在她儿子去世后是如何调整她的悲伤情绪的？
★work through调整(情绪)；完成；解决
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中work through的含义)
①Eleanor's new friend Natalie encourages her to try new things and work through her sadness and fear of change. _____
②The first project I'll work through is a Web publishing solution. _____
③I know the way my mind works when I work through a problem. _____
调整
完成
解决
[归纳点拨]
(1)work out　　　　 锻炼身体，做运动；解决，解答；
计算出；产生结果，发展；制订出
work on 从事……，继续……
work at 从事/致力于……
(2)out of work 失业
at work 在工作中
[应用融会]
(1)介、副词填空
④Scientists are still working inventing methods of reaching outer space.
⑤He has been out work for two months.
⑥The famous actor keeps fit by working for an hour every morning.
(2)完成句子
⑦Neither the teacher nor his students know how to .
那位老师和他的学生们都不知道如何解答这道题。
⑧They eventually at the end of summer.
在夏天结束的时候，他们终于完成了所有的工作。
on
of
out
work out the problem
worked through all the work
6．Alive or fallen, you served a purpose.
无论是活着还是倒下，你都有一定的价值。
[归纳点拨]
句中形容词短语Alive or fallen 作状语。
(1)形容词或形容词短语作状语在句中可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
(2)形容词短语还可以说明谓语动词发生时，主语所处的状态、特点等。
①Thirsty and eager to have a rest, he went into a teahouse.
由于口渴并想要休息一下，他走进了一家茶馆。
②He approached us, full of apologies.
他充满歉意地朝我们走过来。
[应用融会]　(完成句子)
③For a moment she just stood there, .
她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。
④Crosu stared at the footprint, .
克鲁索两眼盯着脚印看，满心恐惧。
⑤ ,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
托尼既惊讶又高兴，站起来接受了奖品。
unable to believe what had just happened
full of fear
Surprised and happy(共66张PPT)
Lesson 3—乐读·浸润学科素养
课时目标
1.细读课文，获取“白色自行车”及后续发展的事实性信息。
2.能够绘制思维导图介绍“白色自行车”的“前世今生”。
3.总结“白色自行车”在发展过程中遇到的问题，分析影响共享单车发展的因素。
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．path n．　　　　　　 小径，小道
2．pedal vi.& vt. 骑
n. 踏板
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1． adv. 因此；由此
2． n. 目的地；终点
therefore
destination
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1． n．(车辆等的)停放→park v．停车 n．公园
2． n．跟踪→track n．行踪；足迹；轨道；小径，小道 v．跟踪；
留下足迹
3． vi.消失，不见→disappearance n．消失；不见→appear v．出现；显得；似乎
parking
tracking
disappear
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1． 想出，想到
2． 大量；许多
3． 因为；由于
4． 左右；大约只不过在……之内
5． 提出，提交；放入
6． 由于，幸亏
come up with
plenty of
because of
a matter of
put in
thanks to
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 Amsterdam is a good city for cycling because it's flat and therefore convenient for bikes.(because引导原因状语从句)
阿姆斯特丹是个适合骑行的城市，它地势平坦方便骑行。
写佳句 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) We all respect her _______________
______________________________________________________.
因为她总是尝试新的方法使她的课堂生动有趣，所以我们都尊敬她。
because she
always tries new ways to make her classes lively and interesting
2.
悟原句 People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.(so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”)
人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。
写佳句 (2022·全国乙卷书面表达)We should try multiple ways when learning English which suits us most.
我们在学习英语时应该尝试多种方法，这样我们才能找到最适合自己的方法。
so that we can find the way
3.
悟原句 In 1999, the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam — this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move！(with的复合结构)
1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹，这次车安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！
写佳句 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly .
听到我的话，戴维颤抖地转过身来，泪水从眼中溢出。
with tears spilling out of his eyes
第一遍　泛读通文意　
“White Bikes” on the Road
People in Amsterdam have been enjoying the benefits of cycling for years.The idea began about 50 years ago, and was first known as “white bikes”．Amsterdam is a good city for cycling because it's flat and therefore convenient for bikes.There are also plenty of places for bicycle parking and most streets in the city centre have a bicycle path.Because of its convenience for bicycles, Amsterdam has become very popular with cyclists — an amazing 38% of all trips are made by bike.Some people even call Amsterdam “the City of Bicycles”．
Where did the idea of “white bikes” come from？In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea. They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.They were hopeful that this would help to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport.The group painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in many areas around Amsterdam for people to use.Anyone was allowed to take them and use them for short journeys. People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.Soon after, however, problems came up and the “white bikes” all disappeared — thieves stole them all in a matter of weeks!
In 1999, the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam — this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! To take a bicycle, you had to put in a special card. The new “white bikes” were not actually white but painted in bright colours.The bikes were parked at special parking places.Thus people who wanted to use them had to take them to another special parking place near their destination and leave them there.
Thanks to the ideas and efforts of many people, like the cycling fans of the 1960s and those who enabled the return of “white bikes”， you can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.
Nowadays, the idea of “white bikes” has pedalled its way around the world and there has been a global increase in bike-sharing.
In China, more and more cities have their own “white bike” programmes.Both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy, reduce air and noise pollution, and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.However, problems can also develop, like the theft of bikes and parking issues.Fortunately, people are trying different ways of solving those problems.Where will bike-sharing go in China You decide.
[参考译文]
“白色自行车”在路上
多年来阿姆斯特丹的居民一直享受着骑自行车的益处。这源于大约50年前，最初被称为“白色自行车”的想法。阿姆斯特丹是个适合骑行的城市，它地势平坦方便骑行。也有很多地方可以停放自行车，市中心的大多数街道都有自行车道。由于为骑行提供便利，阿姆斯特丹非常受骑行者的欢迎——有高达38%的出行使用自行车。有些人甚至称阿姆斯特丹为“自行车之城”。
[句式释解]
句 　have been enjoying是现在完成进行时，表示动作始于过去，持续到现在(刚刚停止)或将来(继续进行下去)。　　　　
“白色自行车”的概念来自哪里呢？ 20 世纪60年代，一群骑行爱好者提出了一个想法。 他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。他们希望这样能够节约能源、减少污染并提供免费的公共交通。这群人将数百辆自行车涂成白色放置在阿姆斯特丹的许多地方供人们使用。任何人都能够骑这些自行车做短途出行。人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。然而不久就出了问题，“白色自行车”全都消失了，小偷在几周内偷光了所有的车！
[句式释解]
句 　that引导宾语从句，其中又包含if引导的条件状语从句。only bicycles were为省略形式，其完整形式为only bicycles were allowed。
句 　where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the place；so that引导目的状语从句。　　　　
1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹，这次车安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！要使用自行车，必须插入专用的卡片。新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是被涂上了鲜艳的颜色。自行车要停放在专用的停车场。因此，使用者到达目的地之后，必须将自行车停放到附近的专用停车场。
[句式释解]
句 　not ...but ...“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列成分。　　　　
由于这个创意以及众多人的努力，如20世纪60年代的骑行爱好者和那些让“白色自行车”回归的人，现在人们可以在阿姆斯特丹的市中心享受清新的空气和便利的交通。
[句式释解]
句 　此处who引导定语从句，修饰先行词 those。　　　　
如今，“白色自行车”的概念已经在世界范围内广泛传播，全球的共享单车也在增加。
在中国，越来越多的城市拥有了自己的“白色自行车”计划。本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车方便又便宜，可以节省能源、减少空气和噪声污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处。然而，问题也随之而来，例如自行车被盗和停放问题。幸运的是，人们正在尝试不同的方法来解决这些问题。在中国，共享单车未来会走向何方？这由你来决定。
[句式释解]
句 　此处because引导原因状语从句。a way to do sth.＝a way of doing sth.表示“做某事的方法”。　　　　
第二遍　精读提素养　
步骤一|先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么　
What's the main idea of the text
The development process of “white bikes” in Amsterdam and its influence in the world, especially in China.
步骤二|再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的　
阅读文章第一至三段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)True or False
①Using a computer chip is to stop bikes from being stolen. ( )
②Now in Amsterdam all the bicycles are painted white. ( )
③In Amsterdam riding a bicycle is very convenient.You can find a bicycle anywhere. ( )
④Over 40 years people have been enjoying the benefits of cycling in Amsterdam. ( )
⑤In Amsterdam no car is allowed in the city centre. ( )
T
F
F
F
F
(2)Why can people enjoy cycling in Amsterdam
(3)Why are bicycles used in Amsterdam
①To save energy. ②To sell more bicycles.
③To provide free public transport. ④To reduce pollution.
A．①③④　　　　　　 B．①②③
C．②③④ D．①②④
答案：A
The city is flat, and there are plenty of places for bicycle parking and most streets in the city centre have a bicycle path.
(4)In the 1960s, the free use of bicycles failed because of .
A．their bright colours
B．poor management
C．people's disagreement
D．the inconvenience of parking
答案：B
2．表达的技巧
(1)第1行中的动词enjoy形象地描绘出了白色自行车带给人们的便利，以及人们在使用白色自行车过程中的感受。enjoy除“享受”外，还有“欣赏；喜爱；过得愉快”之意。
试翻译下面的句子：
I enjoy reading very much.
我非常喜欢阅读。
(2)第12行用疑问句开头，设置悬念，引起读者的思考，为后文的展开埋下伏笔。第25行中的however使前后形成鲜明对比，用在此处旨在指出白色自行车出现了问题，之后的破折号点明问题所在。常见的前后表示对比关系的词还有：yet, still, while, in fact, as a matter of fact, despite等。
试翻译下面的句子：
我们原以为这些数据是正确的，不过我们现在已经发现了一些错误。
We thought the figures were correct.However, we have now discovered some errors.
阅读文章第四至六段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)True or False
①In China, few cities have started their own “white bike” programmes so far. ( )
②Nowadays, the idea of “white bikes” has spread around the world. ( )
(2)Why do both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes
F
T
Bike-sharing can benefit them and the environment a lot.
(3)What is the last paragraph about
A．The current situation and future of shared bikes in China.
B．The problems of shared bikes.
C．The benefits of shared bikes.
D．The master of shared bikes.
答案：A
2．表达的技巧
(1)第38行中的fans形象地描写了60年代人们对自行车的热爱。fan除作名词“风扇；爱好者，崇拜者”外，也可作动词“扇风；煽动，激起”等。
试翻译下面的句子：
He fanned himself with a newspaper to cool down.
他用一张报纸给自己扇凉。
(2)第43行中的pedal一词，利用借代的手法写出了白色自行车在全世界的流行。pedal 本为名词，意为“踏板”，在此处为动词，意为“骑(自行车)；踩踏板”。试翻译下面的句子：
她骑车上了小路。
(3)第52行中的副词 fortunately写出了白色自行车在中国的发展前景可喜。副词作状语可修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。试用所给词的适当形式填空：
I'm not (entire) happy about the proposal.
She pedalled her bicycle up the path.
entirely
步骤三|读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑　
本文是一篇说明文，由三部分构成：第一部分采用“原因－结果”的组织结构，讲述了阿姆斯特丹适于骑行的三个原因，为下文“白色自行车”的出现提供了环境方面的条件。第二部分介绍了“白色自行车”的发展过程，包括活动的起因、过程和结果以及后续的改进。整体介绍按时间顺序安排。第三部分介绍了“白色自行车”的影响。按照从局部(阿姆斯特丹)到整体(全球)，再强调局部(中国)的顺序，梳理了“白色自行车”理念的后续影响。
阅读技巧：
1．作者在文中运用了大量的连接词呈现事件发展的逻辑关系与内容结构，如逻辑连接词 because, because of, therefore, thus, however, thanks to, although, fortunately；时间副词soon after, nowadays, 50 years later 等。
2．作者两次运用设问的写作手法：第一次在第12行Where did the idea of “white bikes” come from？介绍阿姆斯特丹适于骑行的环境并引出主题“白色自行车”，引发读者好奇，逐步揭开“白色自行车”起源与发展的面纱；第二次在53～54行Where will bike-sharing go in China？引发读者思考，并提出作者的观点 You decide，认为单车的未来取决于读者，取决于每个人的努力。
步骤四|最后知选文意图，思有何价值　
践行环保理念
通过学习课文，我们了解了阿姆斯特丹“白色自行车” 的起源和发展，认识到普及绿色出行的意义和面临的挑战，认识到事物的发展必然会经历一些波折，人们需要直面问题，坚持不懈地努力。践行环保理念不仅需要政府的努力、科技的支持，更需要我们每一个人的行动。
请体会并记住下面的句子：
①Where there is green, there is life.
哪里有绿色，哪里就有生命。
②Protecting the environment is to protect ourselves.
保护环境就是保护我们自己。
阅读系列技法指导
理清事件发展脉络，理解说明文意图
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态，或事物的发生、发展、结果、用途、原理等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(指先因后果或先果后因、先主后次的顺序)和认识顺序(指由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象的顺序)。把握了说明事件的发展顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络。
在阅读说明文，理清事件发展的脉络时要注意：
1．找到事件的起点；
2．查明事件发生的时间和地点；
3．找出出现的问题以及发展的结果。
[典例]
阅读下面说明文，把握事件发展的脉络。
Sea urchins (海胆) are small creatures, but what's really remarkable about them is that they eat anything that happens to float by. They have really sharp teeth they use to rid rocks of algae (海藻), which makes them pretty valuable especially in places like Hawaii where algae are threatening the coral reefs (珊瑚礁)．In the summer of 2019, 500,000 of them were used to deal with the algae.
The problem started when non-native algae were introduced to the ecosystem of Kāne‘ohe Bay in the 1970s. Because they had no enemies, they ended up taking over the bay, according to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). The algae blocked sunlight from reaching the coral, which in turn affected the local fish because they changed the chemistry of the water.
That's when the NMFS turned to sea urchins that loved to devour the algae. But they had to grow to the size of a cherry tomato before they could be used. Since 2011, sea urchins have been grown and used to handle the algae problem. Some of the funds are available due to an unfortunate incident.
In 2005, a ship was grounded on a shallow reef near Kāne‘ohe Bay. When the ship was removed, 20 acres of reefs have been damaged. When there is environmental damage, the NMFS and other agencies receive funds from the wrongdoers and the funds are used to restore the damage. Some funds were spent on other projects like the sea urchins. The state of Hawaii began to grow the sea urchins. When they are large enough, divers carefully place them on the reef.
Algae isn't the only thing that threatens the coral reefs. Climate change and the effects of fishing and tourism in the area also endanger the coral reefs. But turning to sea urchins instead of man-made solutions seems like the best way to go.
[分析]　
第一板块　语言点精析
1．Amsterdam is a good city for cycling because it's flat and therefore convenient for bikes.
阿姆斯特丹是个适合骑行的城市，它地势平坦方便骑行。
★therefore adv.因此；由此
[用法感知]　
①Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，因此有助于节约能源。
[名师点津]　therefore是一个副词，它不能连接并列句，只起承上启下的作用，前为因，后为果。so既可用作副词，也可用作连词，连接并列句。
[应用融会]
(1)选词填空(so/therefore)
②There's something wrong with his computer，and he can't surf the Internet.
③It was raining heavily, they had to stay at home.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
④We do not own the building. Thus/As a result, it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it. __________
therefore
so
Therefore
2．Soon after, however, problems came up and the “white bikes” all disappeared — thieves stole them all in a matter of weeks!
然而不久就出了问题，“白色自行车”全都消失了，小偷在几周内偷光了所有的车！
★disappear vi.消失，不见
[用法感知]
①Her nervousness quickly disappeared once she was on stage.　
她一走上台紧张情绪便迅速消失了。
②The disappearance of dinosaurs 65 million years ago isn't a mystery now.
6 500万年前恐龙的消失现在已经不是什么谜了。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
③David watched his mother's car until it (disappear) from view.
④Police are looking into the (disappear) of two children.
(1)disappear from　　　　 从……处消失
(2)disappearance n. 消失；灭绝
(3)appear vi. 出现；似乎
(4)appearance n. 外貌，外观；出现，露面
disappeared
disappearance
⑤His (appear) was different from when he was in high school.
⑥ terrified the thief away.
那只狗的突然出现把小偷吓走了。
⑦A year later, she at Nashville's country music hall.
一年后，她在纳什维尔的乡村音乐大厅首次公开露面。
appearance
The dog's sudden appearance/That the dog appeared suddenly
made her first public appearance
3．In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea.
20世纪60年代，一群骑行爱好者提出了一个想法。
★come up with想出，想到；提出；赶上
[用法感知]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
她试图想出一个标签贴在海狸鼠时装上，以表明它是环保的。
②The topic of air pollution comes up every year.
空气污染这个话题每年都会被提及。
归纳点拨 come up　　　　　　被提出；走近；上升；发芽
come about 发生
come on 来吧；赶快；上演
come out 出版；出来；出现；结果是
come to 苏醒；总计
come across(偶然)遇见；无意中发现；讲得清楚明白
when it comes to ... 当谈到……时
名师点津 come up的主语是物，表示“(计划、建议、议题等)被提出”；而come up with的主语是人或组织，表示“(某人)提出”。
[应用融会]　(介、副词填空/完成句子)
③Have you come up new ideas If so, we would like to listen to your opinion.
④In order to prevent such a problem coming again, we should improve our awareness of saving and recycling water.
⑤When it comes students' surfing the Internet, some people think students can benefit from it.
with
about
to
⑥When walking down the street, I came David, whom I hadn't seen for years.
⑦Our class to make better use of used materials.
我们班想出了一个主意来更好地利用二手材料。
⑧The question when the hero would at the meeting.
在会上有人提到那位英雄什么时候会苏醒这个问题。
across
came up with an idea
come to came up
(1)本句中so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便于”。从句中通常有may (might)或can (could)等情态动词，可与in order that互换。
(2)so that引导的目的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致时，可将从句简化为不定式或in order to/so as to结构，其中so as to一般不能用于句首。
(3)so that 也可引导结果状语从句，表示“所以”。
(4)so ... that 引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”。so 是副词，用以修饰其后的形容词或副词，说明其程度的大小。so ... that句型中的that 在口语中常可以省去，其意思不变。so ... that 句型中的“so＋形容词(副词)”可以提至句首，以加强语气，但要注意用倒装语序。 　　　
4．People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.
人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。
[归纳点拨]
①We are looking for some useful information at the accident site so that we can look into the matter further.
我们正在事故现场寻找一些有用信息，以便我们能进一步调查这件事情。(目的状语从句)
②Jack was badly ill so that he had to rest.
杰克病得很厉害，所以他必须休息。(结果状语从句)
[应用融会]　
(1)完成句子
③They got up early .
他们早起，以便能赶上第一班公共汽车。
④I didn't plan the work well, .
我没把这项工作计划好，结果没按时完成。
so that they could catch the first bus
so that I didn't finish it on time
(2)句型转换
⑤It was such a funny story that it made everybody laugh.
→The story it made everybody laugh.
→So it made everybody laugh.
⑥We learn traditional culture so that we can learn about the history of our country.
→We learn traditional culture .
→We learn traditional culture __________________________________________
.
was so funny that
funny was the story that
to learn about the history of our country
in order to/so as to learn about the history of our
country
5．In 1999, the “white bikes” returned to Amsterdam — this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move!
1999年，“白色自行车”回到了阿姆斯特丹，这次车安装了电子跟踪系统以记录它们的“一举一动”！
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He left the house with the tap (run)．
②I can't go out with all these clothes (wash)．
③He sat there with his eyes (close)．
④I like to live in the house .
我喜欢住在窗户朝向大海的房子里。
⑤The old man sat there, ,and beside him stood his wife, .
那位老人坐在那儿，手里拿着一本书，他的妻子站在他旁边，低着头。
running
to wash
closed
with its windows facing the sea
with a book in his hands
with her head bent
第二板块　课时语法突破
语法项目—— Verbs or Nouns
[自主感知]
1．①When you're a child, life is one big adventure.
②The group has adventured as far as the Austrian Alps.
2．①Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims.
②These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime.
3．①We hope to slow the spread of the disease.
②The traffic is heavy and slow.
4．①After dinner he likes to return to his study.
②Don't disturb Jane.She's studying for her exams.
[我的发现]　写出上述句中加蓝单词的词性和含义
(1)句1中adventure分别为：① ；②________
(2)句2中 aim分别为：① ；②____________
(3)句3中slow分别为：① ；②________
(4)句4中 study分别为：① ；②________
n.冒险
v.探险
n.目标
v.目的在于
v.减缓
adj.慢的
n.书房
v.学习
[规则点拨]
转化是英语单词的一种构成方法，是指一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。
转化 举例
名词 ↑↓ 动词 hand手/递，watch手表/观看，smoke烟/吸烟，fish鱼/钓鱼， nurse 护士/护理，book书/预订
名词 ↑↓ 形容词 light光线/轻的，wrong错误/错的，right右边/对的， chief首领/主要的，final决赛/最终的
动词 ↑↓ 形容词 clean打扫/干净的，close关上/近的，free使自由/自由的， slow放慢速度/慢的，warm变暖/暖和的
副词 ↑↓ 形容词 enough足够地/足够的，last最后/最后的，hard努力/困难的
读音不同词性不同 有些词作动词时重音在后，作名词时重音在前，如：contest 竞赛，export 出口，increase 增加，permit 允许，progress 进步，rebel 反抗，record 记录
续表
[即时训练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They've made a lot of (change) to the house.
2．More than 50 percent of the consumers (survey) say they prefer lower sugar or sugar-free drinks.
3．There are lots of (surprise) in store for visitors to the gallery.
4．Currently, the collection (house) in the British Museum.
changes
surveyed
surprises
is housed
5．He (present) the report to his classmates at the meeting yesterday.
6．I can't stand (review) from head to toe.
7．The soldiers were praised because they (brave) dangers to save the people in the fire.
presented
being reviewed
braved
Ⅱ.写出下列句中加蓝词的词性及含义
1．Can you break the one hundred dollar bill and give me some change？_______
2．She coached me in playing football. _______
3．Having been cheated in a business deal, he was reduced to nothing. _______
4．Most of the old buses were deserted, and a few were sold. _______
5．As sea ice thins and disappears, the ocean absorbs more heat in summer._______
6．The man will get a fine if he parks the car there. _______
7．As we know, the song was a hit at that time. _____________________
8．These cottages once housed many refugees. ________________
n.零钱
vt.指导
n.交易
vt.遗弃
vi.变薄
n.罚款
n.风行一时的流行歌曲
vt.给……房子住
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．It rained and (因此) the football match was postponed.
2．I saw them making their way, hand in hand, down the (小径)．
3．I couldn't find a (停放) space near the shops.
4． (跟踪) is also a must-have skill for detectives.
5．Our luggage was checked all the way through to our final (目的地)．
6．She pressed her foot down sharply on the brake (踏板)．
7．They watched the bus (消失) into the distance.
therefore
path
parking
Tracking
destination
pedal
disappear
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Most businesses face plenty competition.
2．She couldn't come up a solution to the problem, so she turned to me for help.
3．Thanks his strong will, Jack was able to pull through his recent serious illness.
4．It helped establish the (right) and duties of citizens.
5．I spent all morning cleaning and (tidy)．
6．Paul helped his elderly neighbour by (clear) snow from her path.
of
with
to
rights
tidying
clearing
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．He trains very hard .
他非常努力地训练，以便能赢得比赛。
2． ,you need to give all you have and try your best.
要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
3．He stood at the door, .
他站在门口，手里拿着一部手机。
4．Priority will be given to those .
早申请者将获得优先考虑。
so that he can win the match
To be a winner
with a mobile phone in his hand
who apply early
5． ,everything would be all right.
要是我哥哥在这里的话，一切就都没问题了。
6．Parents and children should communicate more to __________________________
so that they can understand each other better.
父母和孩子应该多交流以缩小他们之间的代沟，这样他们才能更好地理解彼此。
7．I would like to in ten years.(picture)
我想描绘我十年后的生活。
If my brother were here
narrow the gap between them
picture my life
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea 1. it would be better for everybody if cars were not allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.It could contribute to 2. (save)energy and protecting the environment.People were free 3. (use) the bicycles painted by the group for short journeys. 4. ,all the bicycles were stolen by thieves in a matter of weeks.Over three decades later, the “white bikes” have returned, with each one 5. _____(fix) with a computer chip, by which the bike's every move 6.____________ (record)．
that
saving
to use
However
fixed
is recorded
In addition, the bicycles have special parking places.Thanks 7. the ideas and efforts of many people, people can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.Therefore, this city, 8. people have been enjoying the benefits of cycling for many years, is called “the City of Bicycles” by some people because of the 9. (convenient) for bicycles there.Nowadays, the idea of “white bikes” has pedalled its way around the world and there has been a 10. _______(globe) increase in bike-sharing. In China, more and more cities have their own “white bike” programmes.Where will bike-sharing go in China？You decide.
to
where
convenience
global
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共80张PPT)
Reading Club & Check Your Progress—实践·注重应用评价
(一)Reading Club 1 ——自主学案设计
积词汇
一、掌握高频词汇　
1．If the waste is not disposed of properly, it can lead to disease, pollution and other environmental issues.
如果废物处理不当，就会导致疾病、污染和其他环境问题。
★lead to 引起；导致；通向，通往
[用法感知]
①Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.
现代科学已经给出明确的证据，吸烟会导致许多疾病。
②(以文化人助写作)All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
[归纳点拨]
(1)lead to中的to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
(2)以介词to结尾的动词短语还有：
look forward to　　　　　　　 盼望；期待
get down to 认真做某事
devote ... to 致力于；奉献于
be/get/become used/accustomed to　 习惯于
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/句型转换
③Failure often lies in laziness while hard work (lead) to success.
④The new evidence led to him (arrest) by the police.
⑤The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.
→The poor harvest sharply.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑥It was her rudeness that resulted in/contributed to her losing her job.______
leads
being arrested
led to prices rising
led to
2．They're also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation.
关于如何充分利用糟糕的情况，他们也为其他人树立了一个好榜样。
★set an example for为……树立榜样(for可以换成to)
[用法感知]
①My father always helps others.He sets a good example for me.
我父亲总是帮助别人。他为我树立了一个好榜样。
[归纳点拨]
set sb.an example＝set an example for/to sb. 为某人树立榜样
follow sb.'s example 仿效某人的做法
make an example of sb. 惩罚(某人)以儆戒他人
for example 例如
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
②The parents also must set an example the child.
③The manager decided to make an example the staff and dismiss him from the company.
④A touring cyclist, example, might turn the pedals 80 times a minute.
⑤The headmistress likes to arrive early at school____________________________
.
那位女校长喜欢早早到校，为其他教师树立了榜样。
⑥I don't want you and rush into marriage.
我不希望你效法我，也仓促结婚。
for/to
of
for
to set the other teachers an
example/set an example for/to the other teachers
to follow my example
★make the best of充分利用
[用法感知]
①In order to make the best of learning materials, the Students' Union of our school is planning an activity.
为了充分利用学习材料，我们学校的学生会正在策划一项活动。
[归纳点拨]
make use of　　　　　 利用
make the most of 充分利用
make it 成功
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
②The happiest people don't necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the best everything that comes along their way.
③We've only got one day in Paris, so we'd better make most of it.
④I could make full use the information they offered to me.
⑤In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make sooner or later.
of
the
of
it
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑥If you can make the best of your time, your learning efficiency will be improved.
make the most of/make good use of/make full use of/take full advantage of
二、拓展主题词汇　
1．issue n．　　　　　　　　　 问题；期号；发行物
vt. 发行，发布；放出
2．fuel n. 燃料
vt. 给……提供燃料
3．reuse v. 再次使用；重复使用
4．dispose vt. 处理；处置；安排
5．environmental adj. 环境的，周围的；有关环境的
6．solution n. 解决方案
7．vehicle n. 交通工具
8．atmosphere n. 气氛；大气
9．rise v. (数量)增加；上升
10．melt vi. 熔化；溶解
11．capacity n. 能力；容量
12．reduce vt. 减少；降低
13．turn into 变成；进入
14．warm up 热身；变暖
15．waste management 废物处理
学佳句
一、经典句式背诵仿写　
1.
悟原句 In Europe, Sweden is setting a great example when it comes to recycling.(when it comes to“当谈到……”)
在欧洲，谈到回收，瑞典在这方面树立了很好的榜样。
写佳句 (2022·全国甲卷书面表达) ,its pollution is becoming more and more serious.
说到海洋，它的污染越来越严重。
When it comes to ocean
2.
悟原句 Although this is a big problem, many local communities are coming up with solutions to deal with their own waste.(although引导让步状语从句)
虽然这是一个大问题，但许多当地社区都在想办法处理自己的垃圾。
写佳句 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) ________________________________
_______________________she is still passionate about teaching.
虽然她已经教了二十年英语，但她仍然热爱教学。
Although she has been teaching
English for twenty years
3.
悟原句 They're also setting a great example for others about how to make the best of a bad situation.(疑问词＋to do)
关于如何充分利用糟糕的情况，他们也为其他人树立了一个好榜样。
写佳句 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)A farmer told us .
一位农民告诉我们怎么摘橘子。
how to pick oranges
二、复杂句式化繁为简　
　
[改写成简单句]　(仅改定语从句)
Footwear is sold around the world.
析语篇
一、阅读理解
1．What is a major global problem according to the passage
A．Energy store.　　 B．Traffic jam.
C．Waste management. D．Garbage classification.
2．Which country sets a good example in recycling according to the passage
A．China.　　　　　　　 B．Japan.
C．Sweden. D．South Africa.
3．What are made by recycled plastic and old car tyres
A．Various arts and crafts.
B．Materials to build roads.
C．Bricks to build houses.
D．Schoolbags and footwear.
答案：1～3　CCD
In my opinion, people should manage waste from its inception (开端) to its final disposal.Waste management includes collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation.Waste management is also related to some guidance on recycling.
二、思维培养
1．What does the writer mean by saying “Where most people see a problem, a few clever individuals have seen opportunities.”？
2．What should we do on waste management in your opinion
The waste is a problem, but some clever people have managed to come up with solutions that create good results.
(二)Reading Club 2 ——自主学案设计
积词汇
一、掌握高频词汇　
1．Other human activities, such as construction and the burning of waste, also contribute to air pollution.
其他人类活动，例如建筑施工和焚烧废物，也会造成空气污染。
★contribute to有助于，促成，造成
[用法感知]
①Some common habits like being grateful can contribute to success.　
像懂得感恩等一些常见的习惯能促进成功。
②He made a great contribution to the development of the new medicine.
他对新药品的发展做出了巨大贡献。
归纳点拨 (1)contribute v．　　　　　有助于；投稿；捐助
contribute sth.to/towards sth. 向……出(钱、力、主意等)；
向……捐助/投稿
(2)contribution n. 贡献；投稿；捐助
make a contribution to 为……做出贡献
名师点津 contribute to中的to是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词形式。
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
③They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute crime in the first place.
④This invention made a major (contribute) to road safety.
⑤Her parents' spoiling her bad habits.
父母的溺爱导致她养成了坏习惯。
⑥The signing of such a treaty world peace.
这样一项条约的签订对世界和平做出了重大贡献。
to
contribution
contributes to forming
made a major contribution to
2．Global warming has already caused a wide range of problems.
全球变暖已经造成了一系列的问题。
★a wide range of一系列的； 各种各样的
[用法感知]　
①We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things.
我们小心翼翼地开始了谈话，谈了很多事情。
②The ship came within range of vision.
已经看得见那条船了。
③Prices range between $50 and $250.
价格在50美元至250美元之间不等。
归纳点拨 (1)a range of services　　　一系列服务
in/within range of 在……的范围内
out of/beyond range of 超出……的范围
(2)range from A to B在A到B之间变化；包括
从A到B之间的各种事物
range between A and B 在A到B之间变化
名师点津 a range of中range前可用wide/broad修饰，表示范围大。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
④Those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create wide range of career possibilities.
⑤The two leaders talked about lots of topics, (range) from peace to education.
⑥It is very easy to find a table our price range in this shop.
a
ranging
in/within
⑦The football team contained ten players whose ages________________________
.
足球队有10名年龄在10岁到15岁之间的球员。
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑧Thanks to the Internet, we can do all kinds of/a variety of things online.
____________________
ranged between 10 and
a wide/broad range of
15/ranged from 10 to 15
二、拓展主题词汇　
1．local adj.　　　　　　　　　　　 当地的
2．currently adv. 目前，现在
3．advocate v. 主张，拥护
4．effective adj. 有效的
5．be related to 与……相关
6．global warming 全球变暖
7．due to 因为，由于
8．extreme weather conditions 极端天气状况
9．result in 导致
10．overflowing landfills 过度填埋
11．waste disposal/management 垃圾处理
12．take responsibility for 承担……的责任
13．apart from 除……之外
学佳句
一、经典句式背诵仿写　
1.
悟原句 However, due to the amount of waste our lifestyles produce, these landfills are now reaching full capacity.(省略关系代词that/which的定语从句)
然而，由于我们的生活方式产生了大量的废物，这些垃圾填埋场现在已经满负荷了。
写佳句 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)After we paid for the oranges ______________,we prepared to go back to school.
在付了我们采摘的橙子的钱之后，我们准备返回学校。
we had picked
2.
悟原句 When this happens, the chances of dangerous chemicals in the waste entering our water supply increase.(when引导时间状语从句；现在分词作定语)
当这种情况发生时，废水中的危险化学物质进入供水系统的几率就会增加。
写佳句 ,I knew the Lake Poets were a small group of poets in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries.
当我读到这篇文章时，我知道湖畔诗人是18世纪末19世纪初，生活在英格兰湖区的一小群人。
When I read this article
living in the Lake District of England
3.
悟原句 In Hong Kong, it is predicted that the three existing landfills will be full within the next decade.(it is/was＋过去分词＋that ...)
在香港，预计现有的三个垃圾填埋场会在未来十年内填满。
写佳句 there was a heavy rain in some places in the south.
据报道，南方一些地方下了大雨。
It is reported that
二、复杂句式化繁为简　
1.
[改写成简单句]
①You can use car to make journeys.
②_____________________________________________
an absolutely necessary
You can easily contribute to reducing air pollution.
2.
[改写成简单句]　(仅改定语从句)
They produce the waste themselves.
析语篇
一、阅读理解
1．How many serious environmental problems are mentioned in the text
A．Two.　　　　　　　　 B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
2．What ways are mentioned in reducing air pollution
①Walking. ②Riding a bike.
③Driving a car when necessary. ④Using public transport.
A．①② B．③④
C．①③ D．②④
3．What does the fourth R — Responsibility mean
A．People should learn to reduce pollution.
B．Government should take action to stop pollution.
C．People should take responsibility for reducing the waste.
D．Everyone has duty to keep the balance between life and nature.
答案：1～3　BBC
I think Responsibility is more important than the others.Although the other three Rs are effective，the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is to encourage people to take responsibility for reducing the waste they produce themselves.
二、思维培养
　 What do you think of the fourth R — Responsibility Do you think it's more important than the other three Rs(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What are the speakers talking about
A．Coughing.　 B．Pollution.　　C．A quilt.
2．What worries the woman a lot
A．The demand of the job market.
B．The location of the hotel.
C．The damage to the environment.
3．What are the speakers most likely to do
A．Use less plastics.
B．Cut plastics out of life.
C．Collect plastics in the ocean.
4．What's the topic of the conversation
A．Environment. B．Education. C．Health.
5．How will the woman go downtown
A．By bus. B．By bike. C．By car.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the presentation mainly about
A．The causes of climate change.
B．The results of climate change.
C．The prevention of climate change.
7．Where did the man get his information
A．From a movie.
B．From a website.
C．From a novel.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Who is the woman probably talking to
A．A friend. B．A stranger. C．A tour guide.
9．What time does Line 6 stop running every night
A．At 10：30 p．m.　　 B．At 10：45 p．m.
C．At 11：45 p．m.
10．How will the woman go to the M Hotel
A．By taxi. B．On foot. C．By subway.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What does the man want to do
A．Buy a taxi for a living.
B．Reserve a taxi.
C．Go to work by taxi.
12．What day is it today according to the conversation
A．Monday. B．Saturday. C．Sunday.
13．At what time does the man want the taxi
A．6：00 a．m. B．6：20 a．m. C．6：30 a．m.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What is the woman doing
A．Taking the man's information.
B．Offering the flight timetable.
C．Conducting an interview.
15．Which city will the man take a shuttle bus to
A．London. B．Milton. C．Toronto.
16．When will the man probably leave for Milton
A．At 11：30. B．At 12：00. C．At 12：30.
17．What does the woman advise the man to do
A．Book his return ticket in advance.
B．Collect his luggage first.
C．Have some coffee.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What is the city of Anchorage like today
A．Crowded. B．Poor. C．Quiet.
19．What caused the recent changes in Alaska
A．The tourism in mountains.
B．An increase in birthrate.
C．The discovery of oil.
20．Why will the speaker show some pictures
A．To share his experience of a recent trip.
B．To show ways of pipeline construction.
C．To present the changes in the wilderness.
答案：1～5　BCAAC　　6～10　BABAC
11～15　BBBAB　　16～20　CAACC
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: ①The air is so polluted that it is like a quilt over the city.People are coughing.
M: It will get worse unless some measures are taken to ①stop the pollution.
(Text 2)
W: I'm really concerned about this new hotel development.②The first issue is that they'll have to cut down the trees in the area.
M: Yes, but I think that is unavoidable.Besides, think of all the jobs that it'll bring to the area.
(Text 3)
M: We hear so much about the consequences of having too much waste plastic around us, don't we
W: Indeed, not only does it cause a mess, but also wildlife, particularly ocean animals are at risk when they eat it.
M: Can't agree more! ③We should use plastics as little as possible.
(Text 4)
M: I wonder if our children will still be able to ④breathe clean air, drink clean water and see a blue sky.
W: Yes.I think it's time man learned to ④live in harmony with the Earth instead of destroying it.
(Text 5)
M: Are you going to take the bus downtown or take your bike
W: I think there's too much traffic on the road today. It's not safe to ride in traffic.
M: Well, look, I'm driving downtown. ⑤Shall I give you a ride
W: ⑤OK. Thanks.
(Text 6)
W: ⑥That was a very interesting presentation.I never knew climate change was affecting our oceans like that.
M: Me neither, until I looked into it.It's scary to think that we can't change some of the things we've done to our planet.
W: I wish you would have talked more about what we can do to stop it.
M: ⑥Well, the damage has already been done.Plus, my speech was meant to present the reality of the situation, nothing more.
W: How did you learn about all this stuff
M: I read a novel that got me interested in the idea, ⑦but I got all my information from a movie.It was much easier than having to do research online.
W: I bet.Can you give me the name of the book you read I need to choose a story to read for my book report.
(Text 7)
W: ⑧Excuse me, do you know where the nearest subway station is
M: The nearest one is 10-minute away on foot, and it's the entrance to both Line 5 and Line 6.Which one are you taking
W: ⑧I'm not so sure.I'm here on vacation.
M: Okay.Where do you need to go, then
W: I want to go to the M Hotel.
M: Oh, it's along Line 6.But it's 10：45 p．m.⑨As I know, Line 6 stops running at half past ten every night.
W: Okay, do you know where it would be easier to get a taxi around here
M: It's really difficult to get a taxi around this area on a weekend night.
W: Oh no ... What should I do
M: Wait, you can still take Line 5.It runs until midnight on weekends.
W: Does it have a stop near my hotel
M: No, ⑩but from Line 5 you can transfer onto Line 1, which has a stop near the hotel and it runs until 11：45.
W: ⑩That's great! Thank you!
(Text 8)
W: Hello, City Transportation Service! Can I help you
M: Yes. I'd like to book a taxi.
W: May I know your name, sir
M: Yes, it's Jimmy Wells.
W: Jimmy Wells.When will you need the taxi
M: On Monday.That is the day after tomorrow — July 8th.I'm leaving very early in the morning.
W: Where to, sir
M: To the railway station.
W: Where shall the driver pick you up
M: 78 Crown Street, near Willington Restaurant.
W: What time 6：00 a．m., or about half an hour later
M: Let me see, 6：20 a．m.
W: 6：20 a．m., July 8th, OK.Could you leave your telephone number
M: Yes, it's 36-794-564.
W: OK.I've got it.Thank you for calling us.
(Text 9)
W: OK, sir.I'll just fill out this form for you.So what date do you want to book this for
M: The 16th of October — oh, sorry, that's my departure date.My plane arrives on the 17th, so I'll book it for the 17th, please.
W: So, that's the Toronto Airport Shuttle to Milton.And you said your expected time of arrival was 11：30 So if I book your bus for after 12：00 — let's say, 12：30, that should give you plenty of time to collect your luggage, maybe have a coffee
M: Yeah, that sounds fine.
W: So, what sort of ticket do you want
M: One way.I can book the return trip once I'm there.
W: No problem. Just allow a couple days in advance to make sure you get a seat.And what's your name, please
M: Peter Thomson.
W: OK, and you'll be coming from the UK What flight will you be traveling on
M: Oh, it's Air Canada, flight number AC936, from London Heathrow.
W: Right.So I'll book you a one-way ticket at 12：30 on the 17th of October from the Toronto Airport to Milton.
M: Yes.That's right.
W: OK.Have a good trip.
(Text 10)
M: Good afternoon! I want to thank Professor Johnson for giving me the chance to talk to you today about Alaska.One of the things that concern me most is the future of the Alaska's environment.About twenty years ago, before going on some wilderness research, I visited Anchorage, the largest city in Alaska.It was a small city of 40,000 people surrounded by a quiet wilderness.When I made a recent trip there, I found amazing changes. Anchorage now has 108,000 people, more than four times as many as in 1960.There're tall buildings, shopping centers and all the crowds and traffic jams.The forests and mountains are still nearby, but they seem so small compared to the city's great size.
The discovery of oil in Alaska brought increased wealth to the state.However, there have been too many people moving to Alaska in a very short period to work on the pipeline.There is not enough housing or transportation.I think Alaska must make important decisions soon.Alaskans need to decide how to develop their natural resources and mineral wealth without destroying the wilderness and harming the wildlife.What is decided on now will affect the generations to come.
For today's lecture, I've brought along many of the pictures I usually show in my environmental science classes in my own university. First, I'll show you some pictures of Alaska's wilderness as it is today.Then I'd like to outline my specific suggestions.
根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项是多余的。
A．Do you litter
B．It's really amazing.
C．I hope it will help.
D．But I am glad you throw your trash away.
E．You have been here much longer than me.
F．Don't you think it's a better way to save us time and energy
G．Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensive parking.
答案：1～5　BADEF
1．Summarize the pictures and fill in the blanks with appropriate word chunks.
When I was watching TV with my parents, the TV presenter reported that we were going to carry out ① .
On the second day, our teacher had a class meeting to tell us the meaning of garbage sorting.She also appealed to us to start ② from our own.On hearing the news, we couldn't wait to have a discussion about it and ③ ____________to take action.After school, my classmates and I made some leaflets to spread the news in our community, especially to the old people.
garbage sorting
sorting the garbage
made a plan
We also ④ on the bulletin board.Seeing people in our community put their garbage into different garbage cans, I knew all our hard work ⑤ ,which made us happy, and my partner ⑥ .
It was really a meaningful activity.I advocate that everyone should play a part and ⑦ .
put up the leaflets
paid off
gave them a thumbs-up
take action to protect the environment
2．What do you think of garbage sorting？What can you do in sorting the garbage
参考答案：Garbage sorting is a big project worldwide and is good for the environment.We can sort garbage into four groups: wet, recyclable, harmful and dry.Wet waste is what you don't want but that pigs can eat.Paper, metal, glass and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste.Harmful waste includes things like medicine and batteries.Any waste that's not wet, recyclable or harmful will go into the “dry waste” bin.
Environmental experts warn that our planet is drowning in plastic.
The world's cities produce 2 billion tons of trash every year.By the year 2050 that number is expected to rise to 3 billion tons.The World Bank estimates that the largest amount of trash today, about 44 percent, is plastic.But we often have to buy packaged goods.And often that packaging is made of plastic.
Now, that may be changing.A new environmentally friendly shopping model was recently launched at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.This shopping model, called Loop, aims to replace throwaway containers with reusable ones.
Loop is the idea of TerraCycle, an American-based recycling company.Its chief, Tom Szaky, told the Associated Press (AP) that “Removing plastics from the ocean is not enough.The point is to get away from single-use packages.And Loop is the future of shopping.But it comes from an idea of the past.”
He compared it to the “milkman model” of the 1950s in the United States.Back then, someone brought milk to your doorstep in glass bottles and then left with empty bottles.These could be cleaned and used again.The result is zero-waste.
Jennifer Morgan from the environmental non-profit organization Greenpeace also joined in the discussion about Loop at Davos.She said that “Greenpeace welcomes the aim of the Loop Alliance to move away from throwaway culture and disposability.”But Morgan questioned whether companies worldwide are ready to change their business models.
Loop is set to launch later this year in three eastern US states, and also in Paris, France and some of the surrounding areas.Then Loop plans to expand to the US West Coast, Toronto, Canada and Britain by the end of this year.
Questions：
1．What's the author's purpose of writing Paragraph 2
2．Where does the idea “Loop” come from
To provide background information.
The milkman model.
3．Which countries is Loop expected to expand to by the end of this year
A．United States and Switzerland.
B．Switzerland and Britain.
C．Canada and Britain.
D．France and Canada.
答案：C
4．What is the text mainly about
A．A new shopping model.
B．The development of future cities.
C．The world's environmental issue.
D．The concerns of future shopping.
答案：A
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Fisherman Salvador was just trying to make a living on the sea with fellow fisherman Cordoba.Two days into the journey, disaster struck, and the two men would begin the greatest challenge of their lives.
The boat was loaded with tons of provisions, including 70 gallons of gasoline, 16 gallons of water, 50 Ibs of sardines for bait (鱼饵)．They also had a mobile phone, kept safe in a plastic bag, a GPS, and a two-way radio.The two had never spoken before or worked together, but they liked fishing and both of them seemed to know what they were doing.
Two days later, the weather was getting worse and worse.Salvador was trying to remain calm, but Cordoba was not prepared.He held on to the rail (围栏) for dear life as the waves crashed around them, vomiting (呕吐) and crying.When the storm finally passed, Salvador noticed that they had drifted far away from land.To make matters worse, the motor had stopped working.Salvador called his boss on the radio, but there was no response.Even worse was the fact that the GPS they has brought with them had stopped working.
The two men had been at sea for two months.While Salvador had become accustomed to catching and eating the animals available to them, Cordoba's mental health and physical health had begun to decrease.Once he got sick from eating raw seabirds, he refused to eat at all.His own depression, fear and malnutrition (营养不良) finally killed him, leaving Salvador alone on the boat.
One day, after a terrible storm, Salvador found the sky was suddenly filled with shorebirds.He knew that he was heading for land at last.He must have been close.There, in the distance was a green Pacific atoll (环礁)．It looked small and wild, but it was dry land and would likely have food and shelter.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
Salvador struggled until he reached what appeared to be a beach house.　
Paragraph 2：
Salvador was rescued (拯救)．　
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Salvador struggled until he reached what appeared to be a beach house.This was a fisherman's home.Seeing a weak man heading to their home unsteadily from the sea, the fisherman and his wife rushed out to him and welcomed him into their home.They had never seen anyone so weak and hungry.They were surprised that Salvador remained awake and managed to ask for a doctor before losing consciousness.Meanwhile they prepared abundant food and water for him.
Paragraph 2：
Salvador was rescued. Despite suffering unimaginable hardships, Salvador had survived his journey.He has spent 438 days lost at sea, finally he was safe.Soon enough, he was on his way back home to El Salvador, where he was reunited with his family.Of course, he made time to visit Cordoba's mother to tell her the news of her son's death.No matter what situation we are in, prepare for anything possible and stick to the last minute bravely.
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（五）”
(单击进入电子文档)
“UNIT 8 单元验收评价(一)—(二) ”
(单击进入电子文档)(共60张PPT)
聚焦单元学习目标
一、语言能力
听 听关于“绿色生活”话题的文本，促进对绿色生活的理解，并能完成相应的听力训练。
说 谈论有关“绿色生活”的话题，评价易解放的事迹。
读 阅读关于环境保护组织“根与芽”、阿姆斯特丹“白色自行车”的历史、回收利用和环境问题等文章，完成相应的阅读训练，并认识到保护环境的重要性。
写 写一篇关于市民环保意识和行动的调查报告。
看 看关于太阳能的视频，了解太阳能的作用。
二、文化意识
1．认识到“自我中心主义”对环境的潜在影响和危害；认识到环境保护不仅仅要依靠国家的政策、个人或组织的努力，更要靠社会中的每个个体，人人都应该并能够有所作为。
2．勇于承担自己的责任，提升环保意识，践行绿色生活方式，投身保护环境的伟大事业中。
3．积极思考如何践行绿色生活方式，保护好我们的地球母亲。
三、思维品质
1．通过听、读、看关于绿色生活的语篇，反思个人环保意识和生活方式对环境的影响，思考如何采取低碳的生活方式。
2．通过说和写，有逻辑地表达关于环境保护的话题和个人行动的选择。
四、学习能力
1．学会在听和读的过程中，提取关键词，记录重要信息。
2．掌握阅读事件的策略，学习使用思维导图梳理、提炼事件发展的逻辑进程，如开始、结束、前因后果。
3．能够进行口头评价和书面表达。
Topic Talk—开篇·感知主题活动
课时目标
1.认识绿色生活，说出“green living”的具体内容和内涵。
2.能获取听力语篇中有关“green living”话题的信息，并分析表达逻辑。
3.运用所学词汇和表达方式，发表个人对“green living”的认识和打算。
背词汇
1. n．　　　　　　　 纸巾
2． n. 海洋，大海
3． n. 雾霾
4． n. 沙漠
5． n. 交通运输系统，运输方式
6． vi.&vt. 再利用，回收利用
7． n. 电池
8. n. 碳
tissue
ocean
smog
desert
transport
recycle
battery
carbon
9. n. 一套公寓房，一套住房
adj. 平坦的
10． adj.全球的，全世界的→globe n．地球
11． adj.工业的→industry n．工业
12． n．灭绝→extinct adj.灭绝的
13． n．解决，解决办法→solve vt.解决
14． n．电→electric adj.电的→electrical adj.用电的
15． n．平衡→balanced adj.平衡的
16． 尽自己所能做某事
flat
global
industrial
extinction
solution
electricity
balance
do my part for sth.
背名言
1．Living things that are nourished will not injure one another; roads that run parallel will not interfere with one another. — Li Ji
2．Climate change is a terrible problem, and it absolutely needs to be solved.It deserves to be a huge priority. — Bill Gates
3．We are using resources as if we had two planets, not one.There can be no “Plan B” because there is no “Planet B”． — Ban Ki-moon
4．We won't have a society if we destroy the environment. — Margaret Mead
教材为基——课内听力4遍过
Step 1　过词汇
Ⅰ.词汇联想
Discuss green living with your partner and write out some words which can describe it.
Ⅱ.词块互译
1．环境问题　　　　　　 _____________________
2．例如 _____________________
3．水污染 ______________
4．以……结束 _________
5．过绿色生活 _______________
6．live in harmony with ________________
7．be close to ___________
8．tackle the problems _____________
9．reduce pollution _________
10．our fight against ... _________________
environmental problems
for instance/for example
water pollution
end with
lead a green life
与……和谐相处
接近，靠近
解决这些问题
减少污染
我们与……的斗争
Step 2　过句式
1．You may wonder .
你可能想知道我们所说的绿色生活是什么意思。
2．We all know that there are various types of pollution around us,_____________ __________________________________________,for instance, water pollution, air pollution, ocean pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution.
我们都知道在我们身边有各种类型的污染，这些污染可能会引起各种各样的环境问题，例如水污染、空气污染、海洋污染、土壤污染和噪声污染。
what we mean by green living
which may
cause different kinds of environmental problems
3．The third section presents the solutions__________________________________
, .
第三部分展示了已经采用过的解决这些问题的方法，详细说明了我们可以帮助改善环境的方法。
that have been taken to tackle the
problems
detailing ways we can help the environment
4．Finally, the exhibition ends with a summary about ________________________
.
最后，展览将以一个关于为了过绿色生活，我们个人认为我们应该做些什么的总结结束。
what we personally believe
we should be doing to lead a green life
5．_______________________
多么美丽的一个花园啊！
6． helps the environment.
拥有更多的绿色空间有利于环境。
What a beautiful garden !
Having more green spaces
Step 3　过关键信息
听听力文本8.1，判断正(T)误(F)。
1．There are five sections at the exhibition, of which the first one introduces different types of pollution. ( )
2．Our actions as humans are not the main sources of pollution. ( )
3．Planting more trees is a good way to reduce pollution. ( )
4．At the end of the exhibition people will know how to live a green life. ( )
F
F
T
T
听听力文本8.2，判断正(T)误(F)。
5．Both the man and the woman like living in a flat in the city. ( )
6．The woman has a beautiful garden. ( )
7．The man plants some flowers and vegetables in his garden. ( )
8．Both the man and the woman agree to create more green spaces. ( )
F
T
F
T
Step 4　过文意理解
听听力文本8.1，补全下面表格。
What is the exhibition about？ 1. living.
What does the first section introduce？ Different types of 2. .
What does the second section explain？ The 3. that cause different types of pollution.
What does the third section present？ The 4. that have been taken to handle pollution.
What does green living mean to the peaker？ It means living in harmony with
5. .
Green
pollution
reasons
solutions
nature
训练为重——能力提升多听说
一、听力仿真训练
听下面5段对话，回答第1至5题。
1．How does the woman feel
A．Interested.　 B．Tired.　　 C．Angry.
2．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Climate.
B．Water pollution.
C．Environmental problems.
3．What can be concluded from the conversation
A．Where Joyce comes from.
B．What Joyce's hometown is like.
C．Why Joyce's hometown is boring.
4．Why will the speakers visit some factories
A．To buy some products.
B．To find the source of water pollution.
C．To make a survey about their production.
5．What do the speakers agree with
A．The earth will be destroyed.
B．More species may disappear in the future.
C．The environment is becoming better.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What are the speakers worried about
A．The destruction of tropical forests.
B．The disappearance of species.
C．The decrease of land.
7．What does the man mean
A．The woman worries too much about environmental problems.
B．Strict laws should be passed to punish those destroying nature.
C．Everyone should be responsible.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where is the world's oldest amusement park
A．In the US. B．In Denmark. 　C．In the UK.
9．What attracted visitors to the park at first
A．The local history.
B．Its entertainment.
C．Its natural spring.
10．What do we know about the park during the region of the royal family
A．It was destroyed.
B．It wasn't developed at all.
C．It wasn't open to the public.
答案：1～5　CCBBB　　6～10　ABBCC
?加练新题型
听第7段材料，补全下面信息。
Bakken amusement park：
·the world's ① amusement park, located in Denmark
·home to a natural spring, attracted many people in the early ② century
·a ③ area to the public during the region of the royal family
·developed and ④ to the public in the 18th century
oldest
16th
closed
reopened
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: ①It couldn't be worse.The traffic in the city just doesn't move.
M: I agree.Besides, so many cars can also pollute the air with carbon dioxide.
(Text 2)
M: ②Is the environment a big problem in your country It is in mine.
W: It is in mine too.The biggest problem is water.The climate is dry, so water conservation is very important.
(Text 3)
M: Tell me something about your hometown, Joyce.
W: Well, it's a really small town. ③I think it's boring. No good restaurants. No nightlife. But it has great scenery — lots of mountains and rivers, lakes and trees.
(Text 4)
W: I plan to make a survey about the water in the river south of our city tomorrow.Would you like to go
M: Yes.④We can visit some factories along the river.
W: Good idea.④Factories always pollute the environment by pouring waste water directly into rivers.
(Text 5)
W: Our earth is so polluted that animals' natural habitats are destroyed.
M: It is true.⑤More and more species may die out in the near future.
W: ⑤Yes. Our environment used to be very beautiful.The air was fresh; the water was clean and the sky was blue.
(Text 6)
W: ⑥I can't help but feel concerned about the destruction of tropical forests. It is one of the most serious environment problems today.
M: ⑥Yes.From what I understand, people are cutting down thousands of square kilometres of trees every day.This is killing hundreds of wild animals living in the forests.
W: Unfortunately, we can do nothing but talk about it.
M: Don't worry.⑦There should be stronger laws.Those who destroy forests and kill wildlife should be punished seriously.
(Text 7)
W: Mark, ⑧do you know where the world's oldest amusement park is located
M: Isn't it in the United States
W：No. And it doesn't sit in the UK, either. ⑧It's called Bakken and is located in Denmark.
M：So when was it opened
W: It was opened in 1583. ⑨The first attraction was actually all-natural. The area is home to a natural spring, which was so clean that attracted many people in the early 16th century. Then more and more people came there to chat and play games. Also, lots of entertainers gave their best shows.
M: Sounds great! It seems that it was so popular.
W: Yes, but it was not always like that. ⑩During the region of the royal family, it became a closed area to the public.
M: It's a pity!
W：But, luckily, under the leadership of King Frederick Ⅴ， it was developed and reopened to the public in the 18th century. That's when more performers, businessmen, and rides slowly took over.
M: Is it still open
W: Yes. It is still open today with different roller coasters, Ferris wheels, and other rides. Shall we visit it one day
M: Sounds great.
二、口语交际训练
根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项是多余的。
A．Oh, that's good!
B．I hope it will help.
C．I plan to wear one tomorrow.
D．The smog has been so heavy every day recently.
E．Well, I hope we can have a few sunny days soon.
F．I decided to look into what I personally could do.
G．People are becoming more aware of the climate change.
答案：1～5　DCBAE
第一板块　单词和短语——点点清
1．sandstorms and deserts
沙尘暴和沙漠
★desert n．沙漠，荒原 vt.遗弃，抛弃
[用法感知]
①Going camping in the desert will not be enjoyable unless you are well prepared.
除非你准备充分，否则在沙漠里露营是不愉快的。
②To his surprise, he found a deserted hut in the distance.
使他惊奇的是，他在远处发现了一个废弃的小屋。
[归纳点拨]
desert sb./sth.　　　 抛弃/遗弃某人/物
deserted adj. 荒芜的；被遗弃的；无人居住的
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
③The reporter (desert) his post and worked as a businessman.
④The traveler looked at the (desert) land in despair.
⑤He went to the Sahara last year which is .
去年他去了撒哈拉，那是世界上最大的沙漠。
⑥When he reached the old temple, he .
当他到达那座古庙时，他发现那里已经荒废，成为废墟。
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑦The birds have left/abandoned their nest. _________
deserted
deserted
the biggest desert in the world
found it deserted and in ruins
deserted
2．The third section presents the solutions that have been taken to tackle the problems, detailing ways we can help the environment.
第三部分展示了已经采用过的解决这些问题的方法，详细说明了我们可以帮助改善环境的方法。
★solution n．解决，解决办法
[用法感知]
①The solution to the educational problem should come from fair access to quality educational resources.
教育问题的解决应从公平获得优质教育资源入手。
②In Chinese class, our teacher often creates an environment where we are given the opportunity to solve problems ourselves.
在语文课上，老师经常创造一个环境，让我们有机会自己解决问题。
归纳点拨 (1)solution to ...　　 ……的解决方法
come up with/find/seek a solution 想出/找到/寻找解决方法
(2)solve vt. 解决；解答
solve a problem/a mystery/a puzzle 解决问题/解开奥秘/解开难题
联想发散 常与介词to连用的其他名词及其搭配：
the key to ...　　　　　 ……的关键
the way to ... 去……的路
the answer to ... ……的答案
the entrance to ... ……的入口
the approach to ... ……的方式/方法
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
③Do you have a better (solve)
④The solution these problems is an easy one.
⑤Just calm down — shouting won't !
冷静下来——大喊大叫不能解决任何事情！
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑥He always helps me to settle my financial troubles._______
solution
to
solve anything
solve
3．maintaining the balance between human and nature
保持人与自然之间的平衡
★balance n．平衡；秤；余额vt.使平衡
[用法感知]　(写出下列句中balance的含义)
①The balance on your account is $5. _____
②Try to keep a balance between work and relaxation. _____
③Weigh that loaf of bread on the balance, please. ___
余额
平衡
秤
[归纳点拨]
(1)keep a balance between ...and ... 保持……与……之间的平衡
keep one's balance 保持平衡
lose one's balance＝be out of balance　 失去平衡
on balance 总的来说
(2)balance ...against ...　　 权衡……与……
(3)balanced adj. 保持(或显示)平衡的
keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④He balanced the advantages the disadvantages.
⑤ balance, biotechnology should be good news for developing countries.
⑥He cut down on coffee and junk food, and ate a (balance) diet.
⑦The girl and fell off the balance beam.
女孩失去了平衡，从平衡木上摔了下来。
⑧It's difficult to on an icy pavement.
在结冰的人行道上保持平衡很难。
against
On
balanced
lost her balance
keep your balance
4．doing my part for the environment
为环境尽我的一份力量
★do one's part for sth.尽某人所能做某事
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)We will do our part for the development of our city and try to make it one of the most livable cities in our country in the future.
为了我们城市的发展，我们要尽己所能，并尽力使它成为我们国家未来最宜居的城市之一。
[归纳点拨]
take part in　　　　　　 参与，参加(活动)
play/have a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
for one's part 就某人而言
for the most part 多半；通常
have a part to play (in) 参与(某事)；与某事有关系
in part 在某种程度上；部分地
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
②Everyone can do his part the development of local economy.
③Are you going to take part the sports meeting held in your school
④Our car broke down, but the most part, the trip to Mount Tai was very wonderful.
⑤Nowadays, the Internet our life and work.
如今，互联网在我们的生活和工作中起着非常重要的作用。
for
in
for
plays a very important part in
第二板块　句式和语法——句句通
1．The third section presents the solutions that have been taken to tackle the problems, detailing ways we can help the environment.
第三部分展示了已经采用过的解决这些问题的方法，详细说明了我们可以帮助改善环境的方法。
(1)本句中有两个定语从句，第一个定语从句是that have been taken to tackle the problems，修饰先行词solutions，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。第二个定语从句是we can help the environment，修饰先行词ways，定语从句省略了关系词that或者in which。
(2)detailing ways we can help the environment作状语，对前面的内容补充说明，相当于and details ways we can help the environment。detail在此处是动词，表示“逐项列出； 详述”。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]　(完成句子)
①There are lots of things .
旅行前我有很多东西需要买。
②There are several different ways .
有几种不同的方法可以用来解决这个问题。
③The bear came out of the bushes, .
熊从灌木丛里钻出来，露出它的牙齿，发出很大的声音。
that I need to buy before the trip
(that/in which) we can tackle this problem
showing its teeth and making a loud noise
2．Finally, the exhibition ends with a summary about what we personally believe we should be doing to lead a green life.
最后，展览将以一个关于为了过绿色生活，我们个人认为我们应该做些什么的总结结束。
[激活已学语法]
what we personally believe we should be doing to lead a green life是what引导的宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。what表示“……的事情，什么”，是连接代词，在从句中作doing的宾语。其中，lead a ... life＝live a ... life表示“过……的生活”。
[强化小练]　(完成句子)
①Kids talk frequently about ,while many adults do the opposite, tending to talk about .
孩子们经常谈论他们能做什么，而许多成年人正好相反，倾向于谈论他们不能做什么和不能做的理由。
②Although those people don't care about ,they care about the place where they eat.
虽然那些人不介意他们吃什么，但是他们介意吃饭的地方。
what they can do
what they can't and why
what they eat
Ⅰ.培育“文化意识”
名言1 Living things that are nourished will not injure one another; roads that run parallel will not interfere with one another. —Li Ji
意义 万物并育而不相害，道并行而不相悖。 ——《礼记》
深意 解读 All living things should flourish without harming each other; all ways of life should thrive without hindering each other.
[拓展阅读]
Li Ji is an important anthology of ancient Chinese laws and regulations.The content of the book mainly describes the ritual system of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, which reflects the philosophical thought, educational thought, political thought and aesthetic thought of the Pre-Qin Confucianism.It is an important material for studying the Pre-Qin society and a compilation of Confucian thought.
《礼记》是中国古代一部重要的典章制度选集，书中内容主要描写先秦的礼制，体现了先秦儒家的哲学思想、教育思想、政治思想、美学思想，是研究先秦社会的重要资料，是一部儒家思想的资料汇编。
名言2 Climate change is a terrible problem, and it absolutely needs to be solved.It deserves to be a huge priority. — Bill Gates
意义 气候变化是一个危害极大的问题，它绝对需要解决。它理应成为一项重大优先事项。 ——比尔·盖茨
深意 解读 We should pay attention to climate change and take some measures to solve it as soon as possible.
[拓展阅读]
Bill Gates (born in 1955), the co-founder of the Microsoft Corporation.
比尔·盖茨(出生于1955年)，微软公司创始人之一。
名言3 We are using resources as if we had two planets, not one.There can be no “Plan B” because there is no “Planet B”．
—Ban Ki-moon
意义 我们正在使用资源就好像我们有两个星球，而不是一个。不可能有“B计划”，因为没有“B星球”。 ——潘基文
深意 解读 All human beings share the earth, so we should take good care of it and use the earth's resources reasonably, because there is no substitution.
[拓展阅读]
Ban Ki-moon (born in 1944), a South Korean diplomat who was the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 2007 to 2016.
潘基文(出生于1944年)，韩国外交官，2007年至2016年任联合国第八任秘书长。
名言4 We won't have a society if we destroy the environment.
—Margaret Mead
意义 如果我们破坏了环境，社会也就不复存在。
——玛格丽特·米德
深意 解读 The environment on which human beings live needs to be protected.If we destroy the environment randomly, there will be no big family of mankind.
[拓展阅读]
Margaret Mead (1901－1978), an American anthropologist.Mead put forward cultural determinism, three figurative cultures and generation gap theory, and was known as the mother of anthropology.
玛格丽特·米德(1901－1978)，美国人类学家。米德提出文化决定论、三喻文化理论和代沟理论，并被誉为人类学之母。
Ⅱ.参与“交流探讨”
1．根据名言(Living things that are nourished will not injure one another; roads that run parallel will not interfere with one another.)，结合自身领悟，谈谈你对环境保护的认识。
参考答案：The survival of human beings and the development of human society depend on biodiversity, because biodiversity is the basis of normal operation and stability of ecosystem.The protection of biodiversity and sustainable utilization of biological resources are of great significance to the whole world.
2．根据名言(We won't have a society if we destroy the environment.)谈谈你对“绿色生活”的看法。
参考答案：As a contemporary lifestyle, green living covers all aspects of daily life, such as manufacturing and consumer behavior.Green living can be summarized into the following aspects：
①Saving resources and reducing pollution；
②Green consumption and environmentally friendly purchase；
③Classified recovery and recycling；
④Protecting nature and the coexistence of all living things.
Through our own efforts, we can live a safe, healthy and pollution-free green life.(共57张PPT)
Writing Workshop—读写·体现学以致用
课时目标
1.阅读课文，获取调查报告中呈现的关于市民环保意识和行为的信息。
2.梳理调查报告的文本结构，辨别其组成部分及具体内容。
3.辨别调查报告典型的语言句式特点，运用不同的语言句式和简单的图表进行定量表述。
课文语基积累
(一)背重点词汇
1． n．　　　　　　 居民
2． n. 看法；态度
3． n. 图解，示意图
4． n. 百分比，百分率
5． adj. 一次性的，用完即丢弃的
6． adj. 塑料制的
resident
attitude
diagram
percentage
disposable
plastic
7． n. 蜂蜜
8． n. 黄油，牛油
9． n. 酸奶
10． vt. 概括，总结
11． n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的→officially adv.官方地，正式地
12． n．包装盒(瓶、袋)，包装材料→package n．包裹，包；软件包 v．将……包装；打包
13． n．容器→contain v．容纳，包含；抑制
honey
butter
yoghurt
sum
official
packaging
container
14． n．大多数→ major adj.主要的 n．专业 v．主修
15． vt.表明；显示→indication n．暗示；表明
16． n．空调系统→air conditioner n．空调
17． 参加
18． 削减，缩减
19． 总之
20． 注意
majority
indicate
air conditioning
take part (in)
cut back on
to sum up
pay attention to
(二)背经典句式
1．As the diagram shows, the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%.
如图所示，认为需要帮助保护环境的人的比例高达96%。
2．Unfortunately, not as many who took part had taken action to save water and energy in their homes.
不幸的是，很多参与者在家里没有采取行动节约用水和能源。
3．To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
总而言之，看来几乎所有参与的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。
写作素材积累
(一)背写作词汇
1．protect v．　　　　　　 　　 保护
2．survey n．& v. 调查
3．interview n．& v. 采访
4．recycle v. 回收利用
5．subject n. 科目；主题；实验对象
6．data n. 数据
7．percentage n. 百分比
8．reduce v. 减少
9．decline/drop/decrease n．&v. 下降
10．indicate/show/suggest v. 表明
11．take action 采取行动
12．take part in/participate in/join in　 参加
13．take care of/look after 照顾
14．be based on 以……为根据
15．two thirds 三分之二
16．to sum up/in conclusion/in a nutshell/all in all 总之
(二)背写作佳句
1．常用开头句
(1)I have recently made a survey about how students learn online.
最近我做了一个关于学生如何在线学习的调查。
(2)I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in our school about their purpose of surfing the Internet.
最近，我在我校30名男生和30名女生中就上网目的做了一次调查。
(3)We carried out a survey about people's attitude to the rising prices.
我们就人们对不断上涨的物价的态度进行了一项调查。
(4)Last week, we interviewed about 100 students about their attitude to canceling PE classes in senior year.
上周，我们采访了大约100名学生，询问他们对高三取消体育课的态度。
2．常用中间句
(1)Almost/More than/Less than fifty percent of the students learn online in the holiday.
几乎/超过/不到50%的学生在假期在网上学习。
(2)The majority of people surveyed were in favor of the plan.
接受调查的大多数人都赞成这个计划。
(3)About 70% of people have used shared bikes.
大约70%的人使用过共享单车。
(4)However, about one third of the students think it is bad to ban students using mobile phones in school.
然而，大约三分之一的学生认为禁止学生在校使用手机是不好的。
3．常用结束句
(1)In conclusion, more and more students are beginning to save water and electricity.
总之，越来越多的学生开始节约用水和电。
(2)In a nutshell, shared bikes are becoming more and more popular among people.
简而言之，共享单车越来越受人们的欢迎。
(3)To sum up, most of those who took part in the survey said they understood the importance of health.
总之，大多数参加调查的人说他们了解健康的重要性。
(4)However, not as many were taking an active part in outdoor activities.
然而，积极参加户外活动的人并不多。
写作项目—— A Survey Report
本单元的写作任务是写一篇调查报告。调查报告属于应用文的一类，是对某个问题、某个事件或某方面情况进行调查研究，而反映获得的成果的文章。
由课文学写作范式(写得“像模像样”)
(一)课文范式提炼
(二)写作要点点拨
调查报告类写作高考设题常用“文字提示＋表格或图表”的形式来命题。注意以下几点：
1．认真审题，转换图表。
要仔细审题，阅读所给材料，认真分析图表，看懂题目要求和图表中所提供的数据及各种信息提示，理清数据之间的关系，抓住所要表达的关键信息，把调查结果和数据转化为文字，确定写作中心。这是写好调查报告的第一步。
2．确定时态，列出要点。
引用报告结果、数据，或发表个人观点、看法时，要用一般现在时；若出现确切的时间状语，如：yesterday, last year, recently, the other day 等，应根据具体情况选用时态。要确定好写作顺序，列出写作要点；注意层次分明，分段合理，详略得当，重点突出，不能漏掉信息，更不能把信息张冠李戴。
由课文学亮点表达(写得“韵味十足”)
阅读文章第一段，习得以下素养
1．学亮点表达
(1)本段第一句中的Last August和interviewed直接确定了本篇调查报告的时态为一般过去时。
(2)本段第二句使用Here are the results以引出下文的调查结果。
2．学写作手法
本段为导语，简单介绍调查的基本信息。
第一句使用了动词不定式，表示采访的目的。动词不定式中attitudes to后面接了protecting the environment和what actions they had taken，说明要弄清楚两个方面的情况，即人们对保护环境的态度以及采取了什么行动，下文则要从这两方面进行调查。
阅读文章第二、三段，习得以下素养
1．学亮点表达
(1)第二段第一句中的As the diagram shows说明是根据图表内容写的这个调查报告。
(2)第二段在说明样本比例时，用不同的表达方式来进行定量表述，如用as high as 96%, very few (4%), around 90%, more than two thirds (70%), the majority等来说明被调查的人们在保护环境方面所采取的具体行动的比例，使调查报告更客观，更有说服力。
(3)第三段第一句中使用Unfortunately来说明在保护环境方面有些人做得不够好。
2．学写作手法
(1)第二段主要介绍调查反映的市民环保意识和行为的良好方面。其中第四句通过举例来说明人们回收利用了一些垃圾并且减少了对一次性包装盒的使用，如such as glass, metal and paper和such as plastic honey bottles, and butter and yoghurt containers。
(2)第三段主要介绍调查中发现的问题与不足，使用了just under, just over等来描述调查中的具体问题。
阅读文章第四段，习得以下素养
1．学亮点表达
第一句使用almost all及第二句使用Most of them来说明大部分人都认识到了环境保护的重要性；第三句使用not as many来说明人们在节约水电方面还有不足的地方。
2．学逻辑衔接
本段总结此次调查并提出建议，其中第一句中使用To sum up来说明这一段是对调查报告的总结。
[应用体验]
根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文
Recently, we've made a survey about how senior students in our school behave in English classes.
What makes us surprised is that ① (只有一半的学生认真听课), though the college entrance examination is just around the corner.To our greater surprise, ②_________________________________________ (20%的学生有时候玩手机), with which they read novels, play games, listen to music or chat.Besides, ③ (大约10%的学生在课堂上吃零食)．
only half of them listen carefully
20% of them sometimes play with their cellphones
around 10% of them eat snacks in class
④ (更糟糕的是，有少数学生在课堂上睡觉)．
In my opinion, ⑤_______________________________________________________ (无论谁在课堂上玩、吃东西或睡觉都应该受到严厉批评), for they don't respect their teachers.⑥ (为了能被理想的大学录取), they should be made to break those bad habits.
Worse still, a few sleep in class
whoever plays, eats or sleeps in class should be criticized severely
In order to be admitted to ideal universities
1．Survey taken last August at Summer Fun Festival by city officials.
去年8月由市政府官员在“夏日趣味节”期间开展的调查。
★official n．官员，高级职员 adj.公务的；官方的
[用法感知]
①Many ancient officials, poets and painters have visited the Three Gorges area for many centuries.
几个世纪以来，许多古代官员、诗人和画家都曾游览过三峡地区。
②English is spoken as an official language in more than 60 countries across the world and it can sound very different from place to place.
英语是世界上60多个国家的官方语言，不同地方的英语听起来也不一样。
[归纳点拨]
(1)official languages　　　　 官方语言
an official announcement/statement 官方公告/声明
make an official visit 进行正式访问
an official letter 一封正式信函
(2)a government official 一位政府官员
(3)officially adv. 正式地；官方地；公开地
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
③WHO (official) are calling on governments to strengthen their response to the epidemic.
④The man was (official) recognised as the new record holder by Guinness World Records.
⑤It is for this reason that Spanish is of Peru.
正是因为这个原因，西班牙语才成为秘鲁的主要官方语言。
officials
officially
the main official language
⑥He France in March last year.
他去年3月对法国进行了一次正式访问。
⑦John has really got the job and he showed me offering him the job.
约翰真的得到了那份工作，而且他给我看了录用他的官方信函。
made an official visit to
the official letter
2．Last August, city officials interviewed about 500 residents to find out people's attitudes to protecting the environment and what actions they had taken.
去年8月，城市官员采访了大约500名市民，调查了解人们对环境保护的态度以及他们采取了什么行动。
★attitude n．看法；态度
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)As the saying goes, attitude determines altitude.Nothing is too difficult if you set your mind into it.
俗话说，态度决定高度。世上无难事，只怕有心人。
②Recently students in our class have made a survey on people's attitudes towards setting off fireworks during the Spring Festival.
最近，我们班的学生做了一个关于人们对在春节期间放烟花的态度的调查。
[归纳点拨]
an attitude to/towards ... 对……的态度(to 为介词，后接
名词、代词或动名词作宾语)
have/take/adopt an attitude to/towards ... 对……持某种态度
an attitude of mind 心态问题
[应用融会]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
③It's often very difficult to change people's attitudes one thing.
④His attitude to (protect) the wild animals is very firm.
⑤I dislike him because he always the people around him.
我不喜欢他，因为他总是对他周围的人态度不好。
⑥People are more likely to succeed.
生活态度积极的人更有可能成功。
to/towards
protecting
has a bad attitude to/towards
with a positive attitude towards life
3．Also, the majority of residents had cycled or walked.
此外，大多数居民都是骑自行车或步行。
★majority n．大多数
[用法感知]
①The majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
大多数人之所以能成为有影响力的演说家，是因为他们受过训练。
②Surveys indicate that supporters of the treaty are still in the majority.
调查显示该条约的支持者仍占大多数。
归纳点拨 (1)a/the majority of　　　　大多数
be in the/a majority 占大多数
(2)major adj. 较大的；主要的
n. 主修课程；主修学生
vi. 主修；专门研究
major in 主修
名师点津 (1)“a/the majority of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(2)当the majority作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③The (major) of students are for the decision.
④In the teaching profession, women are in majority.
⑤The majority of the buildings (be) built in the 1970s.
⑥The majority (be) in favour of the suggestion.
(2)一句多译
上大学时她的主修科目是法语。
⑦ when she was in college.
⑧ when she was in college.
⑨ when she was in college.
majority
a/the
were
was/were
Her major was French
She majored in French
She was a French major
4．To sum up, it seems that almost all who took part understood the need to help take care of the environment.
总而言之，看来几乎所有参加的人都明白帮助保护环境的必要性。
★sum vt.概括，总结n.和；总数；金额
[用法感知]
①Large sums of money were lost.
大笔的钱丢失了。
②To sum up, success results from hard work.
概括地讲，成功来自努力工作。
③She quickly summed up the situation and took control.
她很快就看出是怎么回事，并控制住了局面。
[归纳点拨]
to sum up　　　　　　 总之(常位于句首)
in sum 总之；总而言之(常位于句首)
sum up/sum sth.up 总计；概括
a large sum of 许多，大量
[应用融会]　(完成句子)
④ ,we have achieved a lot, but we still need to work harder.
总而言之，我们已经取得了很多成绩，但仍需更加努力奋斗。
⑤Now in a few words.
现在用几句话来概括一下你的观点。
⑥This is so far.
这就是我到目前为止的全部成就。
⑦It is important to remember that success results from_______________________ made each day and often takes years to achieve.
重要的是要记住，成功是由每天的许多小努力累积而成的，并且通常需要数年的时间才能实现。
To sum up/In sum
sum up your views
the sum of my achievements
a large sum of small efforts
5．This indicates that the residents needed to pay more attention to these two activities.
这表明居民需要多加关注这两项活动。
★indicate vt.表明；显示
[用法感知]
①A rainbow appeared in the sky, indicating that the next day would be a fine day.
天空中出现了一道彩虹，预示着第二天将是晴天。
②There are clear indications that the economy is improving.
有明显的迹象显示经济已开始好转。
[归纳点拨]
(1)indicate that/whether ... 表明……
(2)indication n. 象征；表明；迹象
give an indication 给出指示
(3)indicator n. 指示物；指标
indicative adj. 指示的；象征的；表明的
[应用融会]　
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
③There is a great deal of evidence (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
④Wild goats' appearance on the vast grasslands was a good (indicate) of the better environment.
⑤Tom appeared at the party, .
汤姆出现在聚会上，表明他的病已经痊愈了。
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑥Research shows/suggests that eating habits are changing fast. __________
indicating
indication
indicating that he had recovered from his illness
indicates
6．More than half of those who took part in the survey had done four of the five activities in the past month.
参加调查的人中，超过一半的人在过去的一个月里完成了五项活动中的四项。
★take part in参加
[用法感知]
①We were so interested in the competition that we formed a group to take part in it.
我们对比赛很感兴趣，所以我们组成了一个小组来参加比赛。
[归纳点拨]
take part　　　　　　 参加(无宾语时，不用in)
take an active part in 积极参加(当part前有形容词
修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词)
play an important part in 　　 在……中起重要作用；在……中扮演重要角色
[易混辨析]　不一样的“参加”
take part in 参加群众性活动，并发挥一定的作用
join in 参加活动或比赛，常可与take part in换用
join 加入某团体或组织，成为其中的一员，如join the army/the Party参军/入党；也可指加入某人的行列
attend 参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼或讲座
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
②But Sarah, who has taken part shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
③We are talking about how to protect the environment.Would you like to join ___our discussion
④Women are playing more and more important part in society — they hold up half the sky.
in
in
a
⑤My teacher gave me a chance to designing the class poster.
我的老师给了我一个参与设计班级海报的机会。
⑥Nowadays women social activities.
现在女性正积极参加社会活动。
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑦All the students participated in/joined in the thorough cleaning. ___________
take part in
are taking an active part in
took part in
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The figure is expressed as a (百分比)．
2．These are (一次性的) gloves so you can throw them into the dustbin after using them.
3．This (塑料制的) raincoat cost me 10 dollars.
4．He spread some (蜂蜜) on his bread.
5．Brush the plate with a little melted (黄油)．
6．The strawberry (酸奶) is popular among children so it sells well.
percentage
disposable
plastic
honey
butter
yoghurt
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We already know who's got the job but we haven't been informed_________ (official) yet.
2．The (major) of the local people get benefit from the medical reform.
3．As (indicate) above, high school students were involved in an average of eight after-class activities.
4．The local (resident) were angry at the lack of parking spaces.
officially
majority
indicated
residents
5．Attractive (package) can help to sell products.
6．The kind of (contain) can be bought in the local supermarket.
7．He had a very bad attitude work so he was fired.
8．The teacher drew two (diagram) to show how blood flows through the heart.
packaging
containers
to/towards
diagrams
Ⅲ.选词填空
1． ,we've got to pay more attention to cost control.
2．My brother and I will the school sports meet to be held next Sunday.
3．We have to our shopping from now on because we are short of money.
take part in， turn off， to sum up， take action， pay attention to， cut back on， such as
To sum up
take part in
cut back on
4．Please the lights when you leave the classroom instead of keeping them on.
5．We are often told to what our mothers tell us.
6．Regular exercise walking and bicycling can help keep your blood sugar in a good range.
7．The air pollution will be a serious problem unless we to solve it.
turn off
pay attention to
such as
take action
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Miss Xu speaks English .
徐女士英语说得和你一样流利。
2． ,only ten percent of the time is used for sports.
如图表所示，只有10%的时间被用于体育运动。
3． someone left the gate of building unlocked.
好像有人没锁楼门。
4．Those aimed to promote their products.
昨天打来电话的那些人想推销他们的产品。
5． he gained rapid promotion.
通过努力工作，他很快得到了晋升。
as fluently as you
As the diagram shows
It seems that
who called yesterday
By working hard
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近你就“高中生是否应该利用课余时间做兼职”这一话题在全校范围内进行了调查。请根据表格内容，用英语写一篇调查报告向校英语报投稿。
态度 所占比例 理由 你的看法
赞成 30% 1.可以了解外面的世界； 2．有助于经济独立。
反对 70% 1.学生的主要任务是学习； 2．兼职工作有不安全因素。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
I've carried out a survey among students on whether high school students should take part-time jobs，whose results are as follows.
30% of the students surveyed are in favor of the idea, because they think part-time jobs can provide them with a valuable chance to know the outside world.Besides, they hope to be economically independent.
However, 70% of the students are against it, believing that students should focus on studying rather than making money.In addition, they doubt whether it is safe to take part-time jobs.
As far as I'm concerned, it's beneficial for students to take part-time jobs if everything is in perfect condition.
Ⅵ.读后续写(基础性)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为80左右。
I first began to wonder what I was doing on a college campus when my parents drove off, leaving me standing pitifully in a parking lot.I decided I wanted nothing more than to find my way safely to my dorm room.It seemed that everyone on campus was watching me.My plan was to keep my ears open and my mouth shut and I hoped no one would notice I was a freshman.
With that thought in mind, I raised my head, squared my shoulders, and set out in the direction of my dorm, glancing at the campus map clutched in my hand.It took everything I had not to stare when I caught my first glimpse of a real live college football player.What confidence, what reserve, what muscles! I only hoped his attention was drawn to my airs of assurance rather than to my shaking knees.I spent the afternoon seeking out each of my classrooms so that I could make a perfectly timed entrance before each lecture without having to ask dumb questions about its whereabouts.
The next morning I found my first class and marched in.Once I was in the room, however, another problem awaited me: Where to sit After much hesitation I chose a seat in the first row and the side.“Welcome to Biology 101，” the professor began.
Oh, my goodness, I had thought it was a literature class.　
参考范文：
Oh, my goodness, I had thought it was a literature class. A cold sweat broke out on the back of my neck.I looked through my schedule and checked the room number.I was in the right room but the wrong building.So now what Get up and leave in the middle of the lecture Wouldn't the professor be angry I knew everyone would stare.Forget it.I settled into my chair and tried to assume the scientific pose of a biology major, blending slightly forward, tensing my arms in preparation for furious note-taking, and cursing under my breath.The bottled snakes along the wall should have tipped me off.
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
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