(共39张PPT)
Assessing Your Progress—实践·注重应用评价
对接“单元活动”——让活动有效开展
该部分的活动主题是“作一个关于自然灾害的报告”(Give a presentation on natural disasters)。要求需要先利用互联网搜索相关信息并做笔记，然后在小组内分享。通过查找、记录和讲述故事，进一步探究本单元的主题意义，树立防灾意识。了解自然灾害，积极应对自然灾害，知道防范和减少自然灾害损失的基本措施。
[活动“助手”]
下面是一则关于一场森林火灾的海报。
A Big Forest Fire
A big forest fire in Victoria, Australia on October 2nd.
Injured：About 80 people.
Deaths：19.
Damage loss：30,000,000 dollars.
Cause：Smoking.
Measures：Set up strict laws of fire prevention；
Improve people's awareness of fire prevention；
Ban smoking and camp fire in the forests.
[活动任务]
根据上面海报中的相关信息，完成故事叙述。词数80左右。
参考范文：
A Big Forest Fire
A big forest fire broke out in the southwest forests in Victoria, Australia on October 2nd. It caused many deaths and injuries. Having lasted more than 4 weeks, the big fire was finally put out by thousands of firemen with the help of the local people. About 80 people got injured and 19 lost their lives in the fire, which also caused at least a damage of 30,000,000 dollars. After a careful investigation, the fire, shocking the whole country, proved to be caused by a careless young man who threw away the stub after he finished smoking in the forest.
评价“学习能力”——聚焦5种语言技能
Ⅰ. ——主题听力
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the woman imply
A．The snow is not heavy for December.
B．The snow is not heavier as expected.
C．They generally have little snow in December.
2．Where did the conversation probably take place
A．At a restaurant. B．In a hotel. C．In an office.
3．How soon must the woman hand in the translation
A．In half an hour.
B．In one hour and a half.
C．In two and a half hours.
4．Why does the woman call the man
A．To confirm an appointment.
B．To cancel an appointment.
C．To reschedule an appointment.
5．What does the woman promise to do
A．Ask the waiter to apologize.
B．Give the man a free meal.
C．Treat the man's classmates next time.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What's the possible relationship between the speakers
A．Teacher and student.
B．Shopper and customer.
C．Husband and wife.
7．What are they going to do tomorrow afternoon
A．Do cleaning. B．Go shopping. C．Do sports.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What would be impossible to find inside Burning Man
A．Music. B．Food. C．Money.
9．What can NOT be inferred about the festival
A．It has 13 years of history.
B．A tall wooden statue is burned in the end.
C．People set up camps in the desert.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．How much did the company pay the newspaper to advertise this job
A．90 cents. B．90 dollars. C．19 dollars.
11．What does the man think of the applicants today
A．Really good. B．Just so-so. C．Very bad.
12．What is the last applicant's name
A．John Berry. B．Judith. C．Conn.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．How much is the man's phone bill every month
A．$80. B．$60. C．$40.
14．What's the man's phone's contract
A．He can talk unlimitedly.
B．He can surf the Internet for 2 hours every day.
C．He has 200 minutes' talk for free.
15．What do we know about the woman's phone use
A．Her phone bill is always different every month.
B．She uses her phone less than most people.
C．She once spent over $300 in one month.
16．What does the man suggest the woman do
A．Call her phone company.
B．Choose a different phone company.
C．Use a different phone.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．When is the opening day
A．July 4. B．July 7. C．September 4.
18．What do we find out about the America's Cup
A．It is a boat race.
B．It has been held in San Francisco before.
C．The city spent one year preparing for it.
19．Which team won the race last year
A．Italy.
B．New Zealand.
C．America.
20．How many teams will be competing in the Challenger Series
A．Five. B．Four. C．Three.
答案：1～5 CBBAB 6～10 CBCAB
11～15 CABBA 16～20 BAACC
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：The snow is really coming down, isn't it
W：①Hardly do we have so much snow in December.
(Text 2)
M：Good morning, Madam. Can I help you
W：Yes. Can I have my bill settled ②My name is Linda Taylor and my room number is 1104.
(Text 3)
M：Hi, Ann. Could you translate the paper for me ③The manager needs it by 4：00 pm. But I have to attend a meeting now.
W：③It's half past two so I'll do it right away.
(Text 4)
W：Hi, this is Mary from Dr Lewis's office. ④We just wanted to remind you of your appointment on Friday.
M：Thank you. I almost forgot.
W：So, we'll see you on Friday.
(Text 5)
M：I'll certainly never eat here again, and I'll tell all my classmates not to come here either.
W：I do apologize. I'm afraid he's just started working here.
M：Well ...
W：And ⑤your meal today is free — no need to pay.
(Text 6)
W：⑥Dear, come and help me. I can't find the key anywhere.
M：It's very dark here. First let me light a candle. Otherwise, you won't get it.
W：Great. Here it is.
M：OK! Now you can open the storeroom door.
W：⑦Are you free tomorrow afternoon We are short of some milk and meat. We need to buy some.
M：⑦Sure, I'll be with you.
(Text 7)
M：Are you going to Burning Man (火人节)
W：What's that
M：It's a big festival in the desert. ⑨It's happened every year for almost thirty years. People set up camps, play music, dance and meet new people there.
M：Ninety dollars It wasn't worth ninety cents. Every single person who's come here today has been an absolutely hopeless loser.
W：Well, uh ...
M：Are there any applicants left now, or is that the last
W：There's just one gentleman waiting, Mr Conn.
M：Ah well, he can't be any worse than the rest of them. What's his name
W： John Berry.
M：OK, show Mr Berry in then, Judith.
W：OK, Mr Conn.Mr Berry, Mr Conn will see you now.
(Text 9)
W：Can I ask you a question, Rob
M：Sure, Katie. What's up
W：How much do you spend on your phone bill every month
M：Oh, it's the same every month — sixty dollars. I'm on a contract, and I have a certain amount of time I can spend talking and surfing the Internet. 100 minutes for talk and 2 hours a day for connecting the Internet. But I never reach my limit. I guess I don't use my phone as much as most people do. What about you
W：I'm not sure. I pay as I go, so it's always different every month.
M：Well, how much is it on average
W：I guess it's about eighty bucks a month, but it depends on what I do on my phone and when I do it. I guess different times of the day have different prices. I once spent two hundred and forty dollars in one month.
M：What That's crazy!
W：Yeah, that's what I thought, but I called the phone company, and they said that it was the correct amount.
M： Maybe you should consider switching phone companies ...
(Text 10)
M： The ceremony on July 4 will mark the opening of the America's Cup Park and the start of the Summer of Racing in San Francisco. Tickets for the America's Cup Opening Ceremony are on sale now. Stephen Barclay, the leader of the event, said that it would be a fantastic day for the America's Cup in San Francisco. He said that the city had been working toward this moment for nearly two years, and that the opening ceremony would be the start of an unforgettable Summer of Racing. Opening day marks the start of the competition for the America's Cup, the oldest prize in international sailing. Racing begins on July 7 in the America's Cup Challenger Series, and three teams will be competing against each other.
The winner of the Challenger Series will race the winner from last year, Oracle Team USA, in the finals in September. This is the first time the boat race has ever been held in San Francisco, and the first time the competition has been in the United States since 1995.
The three teams in the Challenger Series are from Italy, New Zealand, and Sweden.
A.How about donating some money
B.more than 10，000 people died in the earthquake
C.why are you so depressed
D.Just find the answer through the Internet
E.I just read the newspaper
答案：1～5 CEBAD
Ⅲ. ——看图表达
Please introduce the fire and its impact according to the pictures and relevant information.
相关信息：①2019年7月开始，高温和干旱导致火灾。
②持续到2020年2月底。
③火灾面积1 000万公顷(hectare)，烧毁多座建筑和大量农场等。
④约10亿(billion)只动物葬身火海。
参考词汇：袋鼠kangaroo 考拉koala
参考答案：
Australia forest fire, starting in July, 2019, because of the hot weather and great drought, has been under control at the end of February, 2020. About 10,000,000 hectares of forests have been damaged, a lot of buildings have been destroyed and many farms have been burnt to ruins. Additionally, about 1 billion animals have been killed, including koalas and kangaroos.
Ⅳ. ——阅读理解
The United States has more tornadoes (龙卷风) than any other country in the world. In a normal year there are 800 to 1,000 tornadoes. Most happen in the middle part of the country. Tornadoes form when warm and cool air meet. In the Midwest, the warm air from the Gulf of Mexico often meets the cold air from Canada.
The usual tornado season is March through May. Tornadoes form most often in the afternoon and early evening. There is often no warning of a tornado. People who live in the Midwest know the signs (征兆) of tornado activity. The sky becomes dark, often a greenish colour. Dark clouds appear in the sky and there is often large hail (冰雹). Suddenly, there is a loud sound, like a train or a jet plane. Sometimes, two, three, five, ten or more tornadoes can form over a large area.
This type of tornado activity hit Oklahoma and Kansas in May 1999. The day was stormy, with heavy thunderstorms in the afternoon. As the storms continued, tornadoes began to form. Dozens of tornadoes hit towns and neighbourhoods in Oklahoma, then in Kansas. Some stayed on the ground for several hours, destroying everything they touched. The tornadoes killed 43 people and injured 600 others. They destroyed thousands of homes and businesses. In some areas, not one home stood. In other areas, the tornadoes destroyed every home on the left side of the street, but didn't touch any homes on the right side. The tornadoes lifted people and cars into the air and then threw them back down to earth. So it is important to know where to hide and how to protect yourself in the face of a tornado.
Questions：
1．The tornadoes that hit Oklahoma and Kansas in May 1999 .
A．took place at the same time
B．brought death and serious damage
C．came and went quickly
D．were the biggest in history
答案：B
2．What season do tornadoes usually occur
3．What is important in the face of a tornado
March through May.
It is important to know where to hide and how to protect yourself in
the face of a tornado.
Ⅴ. ——概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas.I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City.While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car.I stopped and wondered what I should do.A car pulled up behind me.It was the couple.They said they would take me.We chatted and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.I wrote them a thank-you note.Soon afterward, I received a present from them.Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
Years later, I drove to a meeting in the morning.In the late afternoon I found that I'd left the lights on all day, and the battery was dead.Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership was right next door.I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？” I asked and explained my trouble.They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it.They would accept no payment, so later, I wrote them a note to say thanks.I received a letter back from one of the salesmen.No one had ever written him and say “thank you”， and it meant a lot, he said.
“Thank you” — two powerful words.They're easy to say but mean so much.
参考范文：
In this passage, the author described two of his experiences where he was helped by the strangers. (要点1) And during the two experiences, the author expressed his thanks to the strangers who had given him a hand when there was something wrong with his car. (要点2) Through the two experiences, he realized that saying “thank you” was easy but meant so much.(要点3)
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)
“UNIT 4 单元语基回扣盘查”
(单击进入电子文档)
“UNIT 4 仿真高考检测评价”
(单击进入电子文档)(共21张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures—语法·提升语言能力
课时目标
1. 结合板块活动主题“描述自然灾害的图片”，掌握定语从句。
2. 能够将这些定语从句用于对具体事物的描述，以提升自己的语言表达和运用能力。
语法项目——定语从句(1) 关系代词引导的定语从句
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Jason was one of the engineers ①who came from Russia in the 1950s. When he came to China, the first thing ②that he did was to visit the factory ③which did research on buses.Then he spent every minute that he could spare to help China to develop transportation. Although, Jason was a foreigner ④whose nation also needed him especially, he decided to make contributions to our country's development. Jason was really a person ⑤whom we ought to say thanks to.
①who引导定语从句时，指人且在从句中作主语。
②that引导定语从句时，指物且在从句中作主语或宾语。
③which引导定语从句时，只能指物且在从句中作主语或宾语。
④whose引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物，表示所属关系，只能在从句中作定语。
⑤whom引导定语从句时，指人且只能在从句中作宾语。
慧学语法——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
一、定义
1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2．关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。
二、关系代词的基本用法
(一)指物的代词引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①(教材P50典句)There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.
②I like the kite that was made by my father.
③(教材P52典句)The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
④(教材P52典句)The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything that they could find.
⑤The pen (which) you found yesterday is mine.
[会发现]
1．句①②中的定语从句由that引导；①句中指 。
②句中that指 ，在从句中that都作 。
2．句③中的定语从句由which引导，指 ，在从句中which作 。
3．句④中that引导的定语从句修饰anything; that在从句中作find的 。
4．句⑤中which引导定语从句，在从句中作 ，可省略。
[明规则]
引导定语从句的that和which在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
deep cracks
the kite
主语
The supplies
主语
宾语
宾语
[对点练] (用定语从句完成句子)
①This is the book .
这是我父亲去年给我买的书。
②The factory is very big.
我们上星期参观的工厂非常大。
③I can't see the words .
我看不见出现在屏幕上的单词。
that/which my father bought for me last year
that/which we visited last week
that/which appear on the screen
(二)指人的代词引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①(教材P50典句)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
②(教材P50典句)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
③Danny was the man (who) we rescued from the ruins.
④The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
[会发现]
1．句①②中的定语从句都由关系代词who来引导，①句中的who指 。②句中的who指 。
2．句①②中的定语从句中的who在从句中都作 。
3．句③④中的who和whom在定语从句中均作 ，可省略。
[明规则]
1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
people
those
主语
宾语
[对点练] (用适当的关系词填空)
①(2022·浙江1月高考)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ____ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
②(2019·天津高考)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those are not.
③This is the person you should thank for helping your son.
who
who
who/whom
(三)whose引导的定语从句
[先感知]
①(教材P50典句)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
②They are also bringing food and water to those whose homes were lost in the disaster.
③(教材P52典句)The injured boy whose mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
[会发现]
1．这三个句子中的定语从句都用 引导。
2．这三个句子中whose都作 。
[明规则]
引导定语从句的whose在句中不能单独使用，只能作定语，限定后边的名词。
[对点练] (用适当的关系词填空)
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost
lifelike.
②The girl father is a soldier is in Class One.
whose
定语
whose
whose
(四)关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
[先感知]
①Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said
②This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
③We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
④That's the only thing that we can do now.
[会发现]
1．当先行词为不定代词everything等时，关系词用that，如 。
2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，关系词用that，如 。
3．当先行词既指人又指物时，先行词用that，如 。
4．当先行词被all, every, the only等修饰时，先行词用that，如 。
句①
句②
句③
句④
[对点练] (完成句子)
①This is the most beautiful park .
这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
②She took photographs of the things and people .
她把她感兴趣的物和人都拍摄了下来。
③Reading was interested her most.
读书是她唯一最感兴趣的事。
that I have visited
that she was interested in
the only thing that
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词完成短文
My father works in a hospital 1 is very famous in our city. My mother teaches maths in the school 2 I study in. She likes watching TV plays 3 leading actors are very famous. I am a boy 4 likes playing basketball. I have several good friends
5 I often play basketball with.
One day, I went out to the city stadium to play basketball as well as several of my friends, 6 homes are not far from mine. However, a terrible matter occurred when we were playing happily, 7 made one of my legs hurt. Fortunately, the stadium where we were playing is not far from a clinic, so I was treated by a doctor 8 is skilled. Later, I was sent home by my friends, 9 help makes me gratitude a lot. From this case, I know that the more attention I pay, the less pain I will get, 10 is really a live lesson.
答案：1.that/which 2.that/which/不填 3.whose
4．who 5.who/whom/that/不填 6.whose 7.which
8．who 9.whose 10.which
Ⅱ.根据括号内的汉语提示完成短文
A Girl Who Is Good at Drawing
Mary 1. (她的画被展出了) at the exhibition last month is a model student 2. (经常受到表扬) for her good work at school. As soon as we got into the exhibition hall our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3. (挂在墙上的) in front of us.
whose drawings were shown
who/that is often praised
that/which was hung on the wall
The horse 4. (被画在画中的) was exactly like a real horse. The man 5. (骑在它上面的) looked like a living man.
It was the best picture 6. (我见过的), and I should say Mary is the best young painter 7. (我听说过的)．
which/that was drawn in the picture
who/that was riding on it
that I had ever seen
that/who/whom I have ever heard of
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共50张PPT)
Listening and Speaking—听说·强化交际技能
课时目标
1.泛听文章，熟悉话题语境，获取文章的主旨大意；精听文章，获取关键词及相关的细节信息。
2.能听懂几种常见自然灾害的新闻报道的介绍，并归纳要点；能够运用新闻套语，模仿听力文本，完成自然灾害的新闻播报。
背教材内词汇
1．disaster n． 灾难；灾害
2．tornado n. 龙卷风；旋风
3．drought n. 旱灾；久旱
4．landslide n. (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
5．slide vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动
6．tsunami n. 海啸
7．flood n. 洪水；大量
vi. 淹没；大量涌入
vt. 使灌满水；淹没
8．volcanic eruption 火山喷发
9．magnitude n. (地)震级；重大
10．rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援
11．damage vt. 损害；破坏
n. 损坏；损失
12．destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭
13．evacuate vt. 疏散；撤出
vi. 撤离
14．helicopter n. 直升机
15．death n. 死；死亡
16．affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
17．shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护
vt. 保护；掩蔽
vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
背同“主题”佳句
同心协力，共渡灾难
1. Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to make sure that people are safe.
救援工人和士兵们正日夜工作，以确保人们安全。
2．Rescue teams are providing food and water, and shelters have been set up by the government.
救援队正提供食物和水，政府也已设立避难所。
3．Governments, organizations and individuals went all out to fight against the terrible disaster and supplied the disaster-stricken areas with donations of money and materials.
政府、组织以及个人都全力以赴与这场可怕的灾难做斗争，并向受灾地区捐款、捐物。
4．I believe we can certainly pull it through with the public and the government working together.
我相信在公众和政府的一起努力下，我们一定能渡过难关。
5．As long as there is even a little hope, we will redouble our efforts 100 times and will never relax our efforts.
只要有一点希望，我们都会尽百倍的努力，绝不放弃。
教材为基——课内听力4 遍过
Step 1 过词块(英汉互译)
1．a strong earthquake ___________
2．volunteers and rescue workers ________________
3．get away from ___________
4．homes and land ___________
5． 夜以继日
一次强地震
志愿者和救援人员
逃离；摆脱
家园和土地
day and night
6. 确保，保证
7．breaking news _________________
8． 一名警官
9． 至少
10． 据……所说；按照
make sure
大事件；爆炸新闻
a police officer
at least
according to
Step 2 过句式(完成句子)
1．The 7.8-magnitude earthquake ,and early reports said that about 230 people were killed and more than 1,500 were injured.
这次7.8级的地震损坏了许多建筑，早期报道称约230人死亡，1 500多人受伤。
2．The government is helping more than 12,000 people in Hunan and Jiangxi .
政府正在帮助湖南和江西的12 000多人远离上涨的洪水。
damaged many buildings
get away from the rising water
3．More tornados are possible, and the police .
可能还会有更多龙卷风，警方建议避开该地区。
4．The landslide that has fallen in Seoul over the past week.
山体滑坡是由首尔过去一周的暴雨造成的。
advise avoiding the area
was caused by the heavy rain
Step 3 过关键信息
Listen to the four reports and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F)．
Report 1
1．The date of report 1 is 17 April. ( )
2．A mild earthquake damaged Ecuador yesterday. ( )
3．No more than 1,500 people were injured altogether. ( )
4．Many soldiers are helping the survivors. ( )
T
F
F
F
Report 2
5．The news reports the flood in southern China. ( )
6．There are 1,200 people trapped in the rising water. ( )
7．Rescue workers and soldiers also bring food and water to them. ( )
Report 3
8．A tornado is reported to strike America on Saturday. ( )
9．The police tell that no one loses life in the incident. ( )
Report 4
10．This report is about a landslide. ( )
11．The landslide was caused by the heavy rain. ( )
12．There was one injured in his car during this incident. ( )
F
F
T
T
F
T
T
F
Step 4 过文意理解
1．Listen to Report 1 and complete the table.
When Where What Who and How
①_______ ②_________ ③_________ ___________ About ④ people were killed and
more than ⑤ were injured
17 April
Ecuador
A strong
earthquake
230
1,500
2．Listen to Report 2 and answer the following questions.
(1)What does our government do when those people are in danger
(2)What are the soldiers bringing to help those losing homes
3．Listen to Report 3 and answer the following questions.
(1)What kind of damages can a tornado cause
Our government is helping more than 12,000 people and sending rescue
workers and soldiers there.
Food and water.
It can destroy homes and even cause individuals to die.
(2)If more tornados are possible there, what the police advise us to do
4．Listen to Report 4 and answer the following question.
When is a landslide likely to occur
The police advise avoiding the area.
Sometimes a heavy rain that keeps for a long time may cause a landslide.
知能为先——必备知能一站明
(一)清辅音和浊辅音发音技巧
(二)词尾的-ed发音规则
以-ed结尾的单词也是我们经常见到的，在英语词汇中数量也非常多，那么，以-ed结尾的单词发什么音呢？它的发音规则是什么？总结如下：
位置 读音 例词
在清辅音后面 /t/ asked/a skt/ helped/helpt/
talked/t kt/ washed/w t/
在元音或浊辅音后面 /d/ played/pleId/ robbed/r bd/
rained/reInd/ listened/'lIsnd/
在以字母t或d结尾的动词后面 /Id/ wanted/'w ntId/ added/' dId/
planted/'pl ntId/ minded/maIndId/
(三)听中获取具体信息
在听听力之前，要考虑所听内容的某些细节，如数字、日期、时间、地址、活动、人物、场所、原因等。考生在听的过程中，要快速获取事实性的具体信息，同时简单标记，并对具体信息进行整合，这对于听力解题非常关键。
[典例] (2020年全国卷听力第3题)
Q：What is the woman busy doing
A．Working on a paper.
B．Tidying up the office.
C．Organizing a party.
[听力原文]
M：You look pretty busy. What's up
W：We're putting together an office party this Friday evening. There'll be about 30 people, and I'm the organizer.
M：Nice, but it's probably best not to overwork yourself. Enjoy!
[分析] 选C 考生从题干中可以得知这是一道考查事件活动的题。因此在听录音时，要关注有关事件活动的具体信息，通过女士的回答说周五举行办公室宴会，而且她是组织者可知，女士是忙于组织宴会。故答案应该选C。
一、听力基础训练
Ⅰ.听下面方框内的单词，然后根据黑体字母发音规则将单词分为两类：清辅音和浊辅音
boy， ball， dog， speak， get， voice， van， zoo， space， zero， vision， decision， that， smooth， cage， skull， fulfill， classes， pick， plane， pack， pea， tea， meet， sheet， bit， kick， cake， make， take， tank， fish， friend， finish， flu， same， say， see， bad， bee， and， sand， head， big， green， pig， shave， these， please
1．蓝体字母为清辅音的单词：
space, decision, that, fulfill, classes, pick, plane, pack, pea, tea, meet, sheet, bit, kick, cake, make, take, tank, fish, finish, flu, same, say, see, head, pig, shave
2．蓝体字母为浊辅音的单词：
boy, ball, dog, speak, get, voice, van, zoo, zero, vision, smooth, cage, skull, friend, bad, bee, and, sand, big, green, these, please
Ⅱ.细读以下几组例词，按照-ed的发音规则分类
1．-ed发/t/的单词： ____________________________
2．-ed发/d/的单词：_________________________
3．-ed发/ d/单词： ____________________
worked， liked， cooked， rained， answered， traveled， attached， needed， visited， landed
worked, liked, cooked, attached
rained, answered, traveled
needed, visited, landed
二、听力仿真训练
听第1段材料，回答第1题。
1．What's the weather like at the moment
A．Rainy. B．Sunny. C．Cloudy.
听第2段材料，回答第2题。
2．What was the weather like in the mountains yesterday
A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Snowy.
听第3段材料，回答第3题。
3．What does the man have for earthquake preparation
A．A candle. B．A radio. C．A flashlight.
听第4段材料，回答第4题。
4．What is the woman looking for
A．Zoo. B．Telephone. C．Tennis court.
听第5段材料，回答第5题。
5．How does the man feel these days
A．Excited. B．Worried. C．Touched.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What can we learn from the conversation
A．The woman has missed her flight.
B．The plane will take off tonight.
C．The airport is closed.
7．What does the woman want
A．A room for herself alone.
B．A hotel close to the airport.
C．A room with bright light.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What happened in Africa
A．A fire has destroyed many more square kilometers.
B．Millions of people are suffering from starvation.
C．Many people are buried under rubble.
9．Which of the following isn't mentioned in the conversation
A．A flood.
B．A forest fire.
C．An earthquake.
10．How many people died during the last disaster
A．6. B．Less than 20. C．Over 100.
答案：1～5 ACCBA 6～10 CABAB
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W: Why？①You are all wet.
M：I didn't bring my umbrella with me. The weather forecast said it would be sunny.
W：But you could see the big black clouds this morning.
(Text 2)
W：What was the weather like yesterday
M：It was changing all the time.
W：How was that
M：Er ... It started out warm and sunny. ②But when I went into the mountains and climbed higher, it started snowing. Then, when I came back, a strong warm wind began to blow.
(Text 3)
W：Jim, did you feel the earthquake last night
M：Oh, yeah. Of course.
W：Are you prepared for a bigger one
M：No, not really.
W：Well, you should have something ready, just in case like a portable radio, a flashlight and some candles and matches.
M：③Oh, I'll just have a flashlight.
(Text 4)
W：④Excuse me, is there a telephone around here
M：Oh, yeah. It's just past the tennis court.
W：The tennis court
M：Yes, it's near the back wall of the zoo.
(Text 5)
W：How do you feel about your moving to Los Angeles, Jack
M：Well, ⑤I'm really looking forward to it. I can't fall asleep at night these days.
(Text 6)
W：Excuse me, what's happened Will the plane take off tonight
M：Sorry, madam. ⑥The airport is closed. Planes won't take off until tomorrow morning.
W：What Then where can we stay for the night
M：We've arranged rooms for you in the airport hotel. ⑦Two passengers will share a room.
W：Hum, that's too bad.
M：Any problem, madam
W：Yes, I have a habit. I can't sleep without lights on.
M：Oh, really. Just now a lady told me she had the same habit.
(Text 7)
W：Are there any stories in the newspaper today
M：There are a few stories about natural disasters. ⑨There is a massive forest fire in Australia. It has destroyed many more square kilometres.
W：Was it caused accidentally or naturally Sometimes it gets so hot that fires begin naturally in Australia and Africa.
M：Nobody knows at the moment, but it has been very hot there recently. ⑧The drought in Africa is causing starvation.Millions of people have migrated in order to find some food.
W：What is the international community doing to help
M：The European Union has sent several planes with relief supplies.Several countries have sent soldiers to distribute food and medical supplies.Refugee camps have been set up across the region.
W：How many countries have been affected
M：Six have been seriously affected, but the refugees are also migrating to several surrounding countries.
W：⑨I saw on the TV yesterday that there has been another earthquake.
?加练新题型
再听第7段材料，根据录音内容完成信息匹配。
Places and disasters
1.Australia A.Earthquake.
2.Africa B.Fire.
3.Iran C.Drought.
答案：1～3 BCA
三、口语交际训练
情景介绍：一位男士和一位女士在谈论诸如台风、地震这样的自然灾害，颂扬了人们在灾害来临时的团结精神。
根据语境选词填空
W：1. !How about people's lives
M：Fortunately, there is no person 2. .
W：That's great. It seems that typhoon is not as bad as earthquake.
died， badly， gone through， point， terrible， earthquakes， natural disasters， why， hit， rescue
Terrible
died
M：Yeah. Earthquake is one of the most 3. natural disasters in the world.
W：That's 4. many people died in the earthquake.
M：Well, China is located on the Eurasia plate, where 5. happen frequently because the earth's plates knock against each other.
W：Oh, China does have been 6. by many earthquakes during its long history.
M：Yeah, we've 7. the 8.0 magnitude earthquake in Wenchuan.
badly
why
earthquakes
hit
gone through
W：We're all familiar with 8. ,but we still feel weak when we face Wenchuan earthquake.
M：Right. But people at that time only knew two words, 9.“ ” and “assistance”， they will do whatever they can.Life is the most important compared with anything else.
W：That's the 10. . Love among human beings is not limited by geography.
natural disasters
rescue
point
1．flood n．洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中flood的含义)
①(2019·浙江高考)But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions ... ______
②In dry areas, people made use of annual floods to irrigate their fields. ______
③When it was time to say goodbye, they shed a flood of tears. ______
淹没
洪水
大量
[归纳点拨]
(1)in flood 在泛滥
a flood of 大量的
(2)flood in/into 大量涌入
flood back (感情/回忆)突然涌现
be flooded with 被……淹没(某处)
[应用融会]
(1)选用上面的短语填空
④When the Nile is ,it deposits a layer of mud on the fields.
⑤Thanks to social media, supplies started to from all over the country.
⑥All the products in the supermarket are on sale so it customers now.
⑦Memories of her childhood came .
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑧Hearing the news that he was holding a concert in the hall, many students crowded in. _________
in flood
flood in
is flooded with
flooding back
flooded in
2．What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area
救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾区做什么？
★rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
[用法感知]
①Tom rescued a boy from the river on his way home.
在回家的路上，汤姆从河中营救了一个小男孩。
②(以文化人助写作)When the city is in trouble, the whole country comes to their rescue.
当这座城市处于困境时，整个国家都来救援他们。
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers .
当我们被困在废墟中时，战士们前来救援我们。
④She managed to the fire.
她设法从大火中救出了自己的孩子。
go/come to sb.'s rescue ＝ rescue sb. 救援某人
rescue ...from ... 把……从……营救出来
came to our rescue
rescue her children from
3．Which buildings were damaged in Seoul
在首尔哪些建筑物受损？
★damage vt.损害；破坏n.[U]损坏；损失；损害；伤害
[用法感知] (写出下列各句中damage的词性和含义)
①The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. _____________
②If we get warnings in advance, we'll be able to reduce the damage. _______
③Recently some bad behaviour has done serious damage to the company's reputation. ____________
vt.损害；破坏
n.损失
n.损害；伤害
轻巧识记
归纳点拨 cause/do damage to 对……造成损害/破坏
damage one's health 损害某人的健康
suffer damage 受到损害
the damage to 对……的损害
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The young woman immediately admitted her fault and paid for the damage___ my car.
⑤Your father is angry because you have the flower beds.
你把花坛弄坏了，你父亲对此非常生气。
⑥Drinking and smoking can .
饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。
to
caused/done damage to
damage your health
4．82 killed, 500,000 affected
82人死亡，50万人受到影响
★affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
[用法感知]
①This can affect your work.
＝This can have an effect on your work.
这会影响到你的工作。
②Our teacher had warned us not to be affected by cold.
老师已经警告过我们不要着凉。
[归纳点拨]
(1)be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉
be affected with high fever 发高烧
be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动；深受影响
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生影响
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③ (affect) with high fever, he continued with his work.
④The eating habits have effect on our health.
⑤Whatever you say will not .
不管你说什么都不会影响我的决定。
⑥All of us the story of the little hero.
那个小英雄的故事深深地打动了我们所有人。
Affected
an
affect my decision
were deeply affected by(共30张PPT)
Listening and Talking—听说·强化交际技能
课时目标
1.了解、思考、讨论地震防灾知识及其应对措施，能够有条理地叙述应该如何为应对灾难作准备，探讨应急包的准备以及灾难发生时如何逃生等相关内容。
2.通过指令语清晰地表达从地震等自然灾害中逃生的措施和建议。
背教材内词汇
1．power n． 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
2．tap n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
vi.&vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
3．pipe n. 管子；管道
4．whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声
vt. 吹口哨
n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
5．emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
6．calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的
vt. 使平静；使镇静
7．aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资
vi.& vt. 帮助；援助
8．kit n. 成套工具；成套设备
9．first aid kit 急救箱
10．on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
背同“主题”佳句
灾难面前显人情
1．First of all, you should stay calm if you're in a tornado.
如果你遭遇龙卷风，首先你要保持冷静。
2．If I am trapped in a destroyed building, I can use a whistle to get help.
如果我被困在毁坏的建筑里，我可以用口哨寻求帮助。
3．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.
一场剧烈的地震几乎毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。
4．Many houses in this village were destroyed by the flood.
这个村子里的许多房屋被洪水摧毁了。
5．The old man saved several young students who were trapped under the ruins of the building.
那位老人救了几个被困在建筑物的废墟下的年轻学生。
6．The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the earthquake-stricken areas.
国家已经为地震灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。
教材为基——课内听力4 遍过
Step 1 过词块(英汉互译)
1．natural disasters _________
2． 阻止……做某事
3．make a safety list ___________
4． 握住不放；坚持住
5．drop down onto ________
自然灾害
keep ...from doing sth.
列安全清单
hold on
下降到
6．stay away from _________________
7．move away from _____
8． 空地；露天场所
9． 一只救援犬
10． 一个幸运儿
躲避；离……远点
远离
an open space
a rescue dog
a lucky dog
Step 2 过句式(完成句子)
1．I'd like to know what we can do .
我想知道我们能做什么来预防自然灾害。
2．But if we prepare, we can that kill or injure people.
但如果我们做好准备，我们就能防止它们成为致人死亡或受伤的灾难。
3． or table so it doesn't move away from you.
抓住课桌或桌子，以便于它不会离开你。
to prevent natural disasters
keep them from becoming disasters
Hold on to the desk
4．And what about ___________________
那么地震之后呢？
5．Do you like _________________
你想当救援犬吗？
after an earthquake
being a rescue dog
Step 3 过关键信息
Listen to the conversation and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F)．
1．There is just one teacher and some students in the listening text. ( )
2．According to Ms Fors, there is no way to prevent an earthquakes and storms. ( )
3．It is wise to find a desk to take away in case of an earthquake. ( )
4．If you are outside when an earthquake happens, you'd better go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines. ( )
5．It is not safe to tap on a pipe or a wall after being trapped in an earthquake. ( )
F
T
F
T
F
Step 4 过文意理解
Listen again and complete the table with the words you hear.
Tips about preparing for an earthquake
Before the earthquake To be ready, you should make a safety list of 1. ,where to go, and 2. .
During the earthquake Remember to “drop, cover, and 3. ”. If you are outside, you can go to an 4. away from buildings, trees, or 5. .
After the earthquake If you are 6. ,you can use a 7. to call or text for help. You can also 8. on a pipe or a wall, or 9. _______for help.
what to do
who to contact
hold on
open space
power lines
trapped
cell phone
tap
whistle
训练为重——能力提升多听说
一、听力仿真训练
听第1段材料，回答第1题。
1．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．Over the phone.
B．At home.
C．At the mall.
听第2段材料，回答第2题。
2．When did the man start traveling
A．While he was at college.
B．After he finished high school.
C．After he graduated from university.
听第3段材料，回答第3题。
3．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．A toy. B．A party. C．A gift.
听第4段材料，回答第4题。
4．What will the woman probably do on Saturday afternoon
A．Go to the library.
B．Go skating.
C．Go to a lecture.
听第5段材料，回答第5题。
5．Why does the woman apologize
A．She can't speak clearly.
B．She's afraid of the frog.
C．She doesn't like honey and lemon.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What do we know about the man
A．He is a student.
B．He is a soldier.
C．He is a job hunter.
7．What is the woman likely to do after this summer
A．Look for a job.
B．Take a vacation.
C．Prepare for an exchange program.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．How long has the woman been in hospital
A．For one week.
B．For ten days.
C．For two weeks.
9．When can the woman leave the hospital
A．In two weeks.
B．Tomorrow.
C．Uncertain.
10．How soon will the woman get well completely
A．In a few days.
B．In a long time.
C．As soon as she leaves the hospital.
答案：1～5 ABCBA 6～10 AACBB
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：①Hey Jackie. What are you doing
M：Nothing much. I'm just relaxing today. What's going on
W：I was thinking about heading to the mall. Do you want to go
M：That sounds great. ①Where should we meet
(Text 2)
M：I'm not like most people. ②I didn't go to college right after I completed high school. Instead, I took time off to see the world. I traveled around my own country and to other countries.
W：Wow! Sounds cool.
(Text 3)
M：③I heard Leo had a birthday party yesterday. What did you buy for him A toy car
W：No. He has too many toy cars. I bought him a sweater, and it fits him exactly!
(Text 4)
M：④I don't think you are free to go skating on Saturday afternoon, are you
W：④Actually I am. I was planning to go to a lecture with my sister in the public library, but it was called off.
(Text 5)
W：⑤George, sorry about my voice — I'm getting over a cold, and it feels like I have a frog in my throat every time I try to talk.
M：No worries. Try drinking some honey and lemon in hot water.
(Text 6)
W：⑥Hey Noah, what do you plan to do after you graduate from university
M：I'm going to the army.
W：Army
M：⑦Yes, we have military service for four months. It used to be 11 months, but it's been shortened for those born after 1993.
W：I bet those four months will fly by quickly.
M：I sure hope so. Once it's over I'll need to look for a job.
W：I understand. ⑦I'll need to look for a job once I finish my six-month exchange program this summer.
M：All the best in your job search!
W：You too!
(Text 7)
M：Here is the pill. I'll help you stand up.
W：Can I have a walk around the room or corridor I have stayed in bed all day.
M：Yes, you can! It seems that feeling well again is not such a long process.
W：⑧I have been in hospital for two weeks, haven't I
M：Yes, and ⑨you can leave the hospital tomorrow!
W：Really I'm so happy.
M：I have written a certificate for you.
W：I'm eager to go home! Doctor, what should I do after I go home
M：I have two suggestions. Firstly, avoid any mental stress and have enough rest. Secondly, examinations should be done regularly.
W：I'm sure I will follow your advice.
M：⑩Complete recovery will take a long time. So you must take care of yourself.
W：I want to thank all the doctors in charge. I'm very grateful to you all.
M：Don't mention it! That is our duty!
?加练新题型
Listen to Text 7 again and then fill in the blanks in the following table.
What is the relationship between the two speakers？ 1. .
Did the doctor give some advice after the patient's leaving What is it？ 2. . The doctor advises
3. ________________________________
___________.Moreover，the patient should 4. .
What is the woman's attitude to the hospital？ She feels 5. to all the doctors in charge.
Doctor and patient
Yes
do examinations regularly
gratitude
avoiding mental stress and having
enough rest
二、口语交际训练
Based on the following pictures and talk with your partner about the way of emergent escaping.
T：How do you perform if the bus you are on catches fire
S: I think I should leave the burning bus quickly, but I am supposed to help the old and children escape firstly.
Furthermore, it is necessary to escape from the window by breaking it if the situation is emergent.
参考答案：
1．
2．
3．
T：How do you respond to an abrupt fire
S: Keep away as soon as possible and dial 119 at the same time.
T: What should be paid attention to when you are escaping from upstairs
S: We should try to wrap our mouth and nose with a wet cloth and run
downstairs rather than upstairs.
学新知——学用结合方能“融会通”
Stay calm.保持冷静。
★calm adj.镇静的；沉着的；平静的 vt.使平静；使镇静
[用法感知]
①Calm down! There is nothing to worry about.
冷静下来！没有什么可担心的。
②She tried to calm them down but only to make matters worse.
她试图使他们平静下来，不料却适得其反。
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thankfully, Jeff kept calm and turned off the gas quickly.
谢天谢地，杰夫保持镇静并迅速关掉了煤气。
[归纳点拨]
calm down 平静下来；冷静下来
keep calm 保持镇静
calm sb. down 使某人镇定下来
[易混辨析] calm, quiet, still, silent
calm 指天气时表示“平静的，无风的”；指海洋时表示“风平浪静的”；指人的心境、性情时，表示“镇静的，沉着的”
quiet 指人时表示生性安静、不易激动；用于环境时指没有干扰活动、没有喧闹声的寂静状态
still 可以指环境的安静；也可以指姿态保持一动不动，不能用来表示心理上的平静
silent 寂静的，沉默的；不发音的，多指人默不作声
[应用融会]
(1)选词填空(calm/quiet/still/silent)
④She is a girl. She stood and kept when the teacher asked her some questions. But after a while she answered all the questions in a_____ voice.
(2)完成句子
⑤He before danger. How brave he is!
在危险面前他保持镇静。他太勇敢了！
⑥After she ,she sang better.
她平静下来后，歌唱得更好了。
quiet
still
silent
calm
kept calm
calmed down(共8张PPT)
Opening Page—开篇·把握单元目标
单元素养解读
一、语言能力
听 听关于自然灾害的新闻播报，了解发生在世界各地的事件并获取信息；听“为灾害作准备”的对话，探讨灾难发生时如何逃生等相关内容。
说 1.能够简要模仿新闻播报，报道突发的自然灾害；
2.能够运用指令性语言，介绍应对各种自然灾害的准备工作和措施。
读 1.阅读描述重大灾害的纪实性报告文学语篇，掌握该类语篇的语言特征和叙事要点，能分析阅读语篇的文本结构；
2.了解新闻播报应包含的基本要素和语言特征。
写 在读完关于海啸的新闻报道之后，参考教科书中提供的摘要示范，为单元主篇阅读“The Night the Earth Didn't Sleep”编写摘要。
看 通过观看单元语篇中出现的图片及大标题，批判性地欣赏相关音频、视频，了解各种自然灾害的特点，积极应对，并尽量防范和减少灾害带来的损失。
续表
二、学习能力
1．能根据听力问题，预判听力内容并能提炼出关键信息，例如：数字、时间、日期、事由等。
2．掌握在阅读中根据上下文猜测词义的策略；巩固合成词的相关知识；能运用构词法知识推测词义。
3．能够将话题词归类，并有所拓展。
三、文化意识
1．从历史事件的角度了解国内外发生过的一些重大自然灾害，树立防灾意识和自我保护意识；能够了解和掌握一些与自然灾害相关的安全常识和防范措施。
2．具备积极应对灾难的意识和态度，并能从多角度积极思考，学习和了解相应举措，减轻灾害造成的物质损失和心理创伤。
四、思维品质
能调动已有的知识和经验，归纳、概括、整合所获信息；能按逻辑顺序组织信息；能在实践中运用所学应对与灾难有关的困难，增强解决问题的意识和能力。
主题佳句背诵
一、名言警句
教材名言 Live to Tell：Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality.
—United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2016)
深意解读 “用生命呼吁：增强减灾意识，减少人员伤亡”是2016年国际减灾日的活动主题，目的是呼吁全球各地的人们重视自然灾害，树立防灾意识。
文化微语 自然灾害是人类生存和发展的巨大障碍。联合国大会于1989年指定10月的第二个星期三为减少自然灾害国际日，2009年改为每年的10月13日。每年设置不同的主题，以增强人们的减灾意识，减少灾害风险。
二、相关佳句
1．Nature is kind of a loving mother, but also a butcher in cold blood.
—Victor Hugo
大自然是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。 ——维克多·雨果
2．Disasters are not terrible, but what is terrible is that there is no hope in our hearts.
灾难并不可怕，可怕的是我们的心中没有了希望。
3．In the face of disaster, the greatest strength is to work together, and be united as one.
灾难面前，最伟大的力量就是齐心协力，众志成城。
4．The disaster is heartless, but man has emotions.
灾难无情人有情。(共70张PPT)
Reading and Thinking—读思·发展思维品质
课时目标
1. 掌握本课时的重点单词、短语及句型的用法。
2. 能够掌握报告文学兼具文学性和纪实性的语言特征，能够欣赏文本中所运用的修辞方法和写作技巧，理解作者在作品中所表达的情感和写作意图。
3. 能够从地震的前兆、地震过程、震后损害和重建等方面描述一次地震。
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．crack n． 裂纹；裂缝
vi.& vt. (使)破裂
2．percent n. 百分之……
adj. & adv. 每一百中
3．brick n. 砖；砖块
4．metal n. 金属
5．wisdom n. 智慧；才智
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1． n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
2． vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套
n. 险境；陷阱
3． vt. 埋葬；安葬
4． n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
5． n. 上下文；语境；背景
ruin
trap
bury
effort
context
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1． n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的
2． n．电；电能→electric adj.用电的；带电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的
3． vi. & vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
4． vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
5． vi. & vt.统一；(使)成一体→unite v．团结；联合
6． vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；
苦难
shock
electricity
breathe
revive
unify
suffer
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1． 似乎；好像；仿佛
2． 严重受损；破败不堪
3． 震惊；吃惊
4． 结束；终结
5． 挖掘出；发现
6． ……的数目
as if
in ruins
in shock
come to an end
dig out
the number of
7． 把……吹走
8． 而不是
9． 在……的时候
10． 横穿
11． 成为……的家园
blow away
instead of
in times of
cut across
become a home to
12． 世界其他地方
13． 像往常一样
14． 成千上万的
15． 经历；经受
16． 站起来
the rest of the world
as usual
tens of thousands of
go through
get back up on one's feet
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. (现在分词短语作伴随状语)
老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。
写佳句 He lay on the grass, .
他躺在草地上，长时间地凝望着天空。
staring at the sky for a long time
2.
悟原句 Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. (“分数/百分数＋of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数)
城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤。
写佳句 40% of students language in our class.
我们班40%的学生擅长语言。
are good at
3.
悟原句 Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. (“主语＋be＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构)
没有水和食物，电也停了。
写佳句 Although the aim ,we would try our best to fulfill it.
虽然这个目标很难实现，但我们会尽最大努力去实现它。
is hard to achieve
第一遍 泛读通文意
THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city's one million people were asleep as usual that night.
But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
[参考译文]
地球的不眠之夜
河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外，寻找藏身之所；鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3：00左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常一样沉睡在梦乡。
[句式释解]
句 that引导定语从句，修饰cracks。that在从句中作主语，不能省略。
句 coming out of it是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰gas。
句 looking for places to hide是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
凌晨3：42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临！在城市正下方的11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感！一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
[句式释解]
句 who引导定语从句，修饰people。who在从句中作主语。
句 who引导定语从句，修饰people。who在从句中作主语。
幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内大约75%的工厂和大楼、90%的住房和所有的医院都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了；铁轨变成了废金属块；数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，没有水和食物，电也停了。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。
[句式释解]
句 everywhere引导地点状语从句。
句 how long引导宾语从句，作wonder的宾语。
然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医疗工作者赶到现场，救死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，数十万的群众获得了帮助，火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。
[句式释解]
句 whose引导定语从句，修饰survivors。whose在从句中作定语修饰homes。
唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家园，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人类必须勠力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。
[句式释解]
句 that引导宾语从句，作has proved的宾语。
第二遍 精读提素养
步骤一|先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么
What's the main idea of the text
A．A terrible earthquake of Tangshan.
B．Before the earthquake of Tangshan.
C．During the earthquake of Tangshan.
D．Damages of the earthquake of Tangshan.
答案：A
步骤二|再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的
阅读文章第1段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)The topic of this paragraph is .
(2)How do you think people were asleep as usual that night？(Answers may vary.)
warning signs before the earthquake
①They thought nothing of (不重视) the strange things.
②They didn't know the strange things were warning signs before an earthquake.
(3)Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)．
①No one noticed the bright lights at night. ( )
②Four kinds of animals were mentioned in this paragraph. ( )
2．表达的技巧
(1)第6行中用“too nervous to eat”形象地表达了动物们在地震前的异常反应。
请根据汉语意思，完成下面的句子：
(我总是感到紧张) when I speak in public.
(2)第一段描述了地震前乡村出现的一些异常现象，运用了排比的修饰手法，语言生动、富有画面感，营造出一种重大事件发生前的紧张氛围。
F
F
I'm always nervous
阅读文章第2、3段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)When did the earthquake happen
A．At night on July 28, 1976.
B．On the morning of July 28, 1976.
C．On the afternoon of July 28, 1976.
D．The writer didn't tell us.
答案：B
(2)Why did so many people die in Tangshan Earthquake
Because it broke out on the early morning and most people were asleep
at that time.
(3)Fill in the chart according to the text.
2．表达的技巧
(1)第13、14行中的句子“It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！”采用比喻的方式，着力刻画了大地震发生时让人绝望的情景，避开泛泛叙述(比如big, terrible等的使用)，一幅天塌地陷，令人恐怖的景象跃然纸上。
请采用比喻的方式翻译句子：
①他忙于读书。(bury)
.这种表达比 He is busy reading books.更加形象。
He is buried in books
(2)第15行中用“deadly”一词要比“terrible”更形象准确，更能表达出地震的危害程度。deadly是形容词，请写出以-ly结尾的其他形容词：② adj.可能的；③ adj.可爱的；④ adj.生动活泼的；⑤ adj.孤独寂寞的；⑥ ________adj.友好的
(3)第28～30行中的句子“About 75 percent of the city's factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone.”具体数据的使用，突出和体现了报告文学的纪实性特色，准确描述了地震发生时造成的严重后果，增强了事件的真实感；第31、32行中的“but no wind could blow them away”，则写出了在灾害面前人类的渺小与无奈。
likely
lovely
lively
lonely
friendly
阅读文章第4、5段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)Fill in the chart according to the text.
(2)What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean
A．The life in Tangshan began to return to normal.
B．The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.
C．Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.
D．Winds began to blow into the city.
答案：A
(3)What has been proved from new Tangshan
In times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive.
2．表达的技巧
(1)第41行“But hope was not lost.”中“But”这一转折词引出了地震后的全国人民的支援和救援工作，与第二、三段所描述的地震给人们带来的损害相对应。文章行文中常用到的转折词还有① 等。第48、49行中的句子“Slowly, the city began to breathe again.”使用了拟人的修辞方法，更形象地描写出了地震后人们恢复了正常生活的情景。常用于拟人表达的词还有tell, see, say, witness等。巧妙运用这些修辞手法不仅有利于加深对文章的理解，而且还有利于培养文学素养。
yet, though, however
尝试用witness完成下面的句子：
② (我们的城市四季分明), plenty of sunshine and good rainfall.
(2)第50、51行中“Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.”是承上启下的句子，进一步说明地震后人们恢复正常生活所取得的成就。
Our city witnesses four different seasons
步骤三|读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑
该文本是一篇报告文学(literary journalism)，按地震前、中、后的顺序向读者整体描述了唐山大地震这场灾难。文本开篇描述了地震前乡村出现的一些异常现象，营造出一种重大事件发生前的紧张氛围。从第二段起，作者着力刻画了大地震发生时的惊人场景，以及灾难过后满目疮痍、让人绝望的画面。最后两段自然过渡到对身处绝境但绝不放弃希望的灾区人民的生存意志和重建家园的决心的描写。有了来自国家和人民军队的支持，唐山人民在废墟上重建家园，唐山这座被自然灾害损毁的城市重获新生。
阅读技巧：报告文学是一种介于新闻报道和文学作品之间的文体，其题材和所描写的人物是真实发生的历史事件和真实人物。浏览全文时，要注意事件发生的六要素：时间、地点、人物，事件的起因、经过和结果。在阅读时还应区分事实和观点，学会总结和概括对事件的观点，进而提高阅读能力和解题能力。
步骤四|最后知选文意图，思有何价值
齐心协力，共战灾难
文章体现了作者想要表达“灾害无情，人有情”的思想感情，旨在传达灾难面前人们相互支援的人道主义精神和人类面对灾难时进行不屈抗争的精神。文章的最后一句是情感的升华，也是作者要传达的思想：大灾大难面前，我们要保持积极的态度，树立社会责任感，团结一致，战胜困难。
请体会并记住下面的句子：
1．The disaster is merciless, but the world is full of love.
灾难无情，人有情。
2．Let's overcome difficulties with one heart and one mind.
万众一心，共克困难。
3．Let's help each other and expect happy to come.
同舟共济，苦尽甘来。
第一板块 单词和短语——点点清
1．In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。
★in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟；毁灭
[用法感知]
①Ever since the earthquake, this temple has been in ruins.
自从地震以来，这座寺庙一直是一片废墟。
②(以文化人助写作)Heavy smoking ruins your health, so you should give up smoking.
吸烟过量会损害你的健康，因此你应该戒烟。
[归纳点拨]
(1)be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruin 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin n．& vt. 破坏；毁坏
ruin one's hope 使某人的希望破灭
ruin one's health 损害某人的健康
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③Shortly after suffering from an earthquake and being reduced to (ruin), the city took on a new look.
④The whole town (ruin) by the terrible hurricane last night.
⑤Having gone through two world wars, the castle has .
经历了两次世界大战，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。
ruins
was ruined
fallen into ruin
2．People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.
人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。
★shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊
[用法感知]
①He was shocked at the shocking news, for I could see his shocked face.
他对这个令人震惊的消息感到震惊，因为我能看见他震惊的表情。
②(以文化人助写作)If you put your devotion to what you are doing, you will be shocked to see the excellent result.
如果你全身心地投入到你正在做的事情中，你将会对出色的结果感到震惊。
[归纳点拨]
(1)in shock 震惊；吃惊
be a shock to sb. 对某人是一个震惊
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的
be shocked at/by 对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth./that ... 对……感到震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
It is shocking that ... 令人吃惊的是……
[应用融会] (单句语法填空)
③It is (shock) that students can't spell these words.
④Everyone in the street was (shock) when they heard the news.
⑤We were all shocked the news of his death.
⑥I was shocked (hear) that he had resigned.
⑦There was blood everywhere, and the woman was clearly shock.
shocking
shocked
at/by
to hear
in
3．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。
★bury vt.埋葬；安葬
[用法感知]
①With the exam coming, most of students are buried in their study.
＝With the exam coming, most of students are burying themselves in their study.
考试即将来临，大多数学生埋头于学习中。
②He has buried his head in his homework for too much time, so you'd better invite him to go out for some time.
他埋头于作业中的时间太长了，所以你最好请他出去玩一会儿。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③He buried his face his hands.
④His body (bury) in snow, but his head was sticking out.
(2)一句多译
因为她专心于学习中，不知道外面正在下雪。
⑤Because ,she didn't know it was snowing outside.
in
was buried
she buried herself in her study
⑥ ,she didn't know it was snowing outside.(用现在分词短语作状语)
⑦ ,she didn't know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语)
Burying herself in her study
Buried in her study
4．With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。
★effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)There will always be rewards by giving; there will be gains by making efforts.
付出总有回报，努力就会有收获。
②It is impossible to succeed without effort.
不努力就成功是不可能的。
轻巧识记
归纳点拨 make efforts/an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
make every effort 尽一切努力
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
without effort 毫不费力地；轻松地
[应用融会] (完成句子)
③(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be .
好消息是，它学起来简单，而且这个努力是值得的。
④Jack has his Chinese.
杰克已经努力提高他的中文水平。
⑤The host family me with my English.
寄宿家庭不遗余力地帮助我学英语。
⑥The clever boy soon worked out the difficult problem .
这个聪明的男孩很快就轻松地解决了这个难题。
worth the effort
made an effort to improve
spared no effort to help
without effort
5．Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terrible injuries ...
有些人被发现时还活着，尽管他们受了重伤……
★suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
[用法感知]
①It is clear that our earth is suffering severe damage.
很显然，我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。
②I have suffered from a bad backache recently.
近来我的背疼得厉害。
③(以文化人助写作)Mencius said, “All men have a mind which cannot bear to see the sufferings of others.”
孟子曰：“人皆有不忍人之心。”
[归纳点拨]
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 受……折磨；患……病
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
sufferer n. 受难者；患病者
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④The old man went through a lot of (suffer) in the old days.
⑤Relief food and clothing should be quickly sent to the (suffer) from the great fire.
⑥Mary is poor health at the moment.
玛丽目前身体不好。
⑦Many countries in the financial crisis.
许多国家在金融危机中损失惨重。
sufferings
sufferers
suffering from
suffered great losses
6．What other cities or towns have gone through similar changes
还有哪些别的城市和小镇经历了相似的变化？
★go through
[一词多义]
[应用融会] (写出下列各句中go through的含义)
①Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. _________
②Let's go through the numbers together. _________
③We went through Paris to get to London. ___________
④The new law didn't go through. _________
⑤You should carefully go through all the words in the paper. _________
⑥I have to go through with my homework first. _________
经历
审查
穿过；经过
通过
仔细检查
完成
第二板块 句式和语法——句句通
1．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！
[激活已学语法]
It seemed as if ...“看起来好像……”。
(1)句中as if引导表语从句。as if意为“似乎；好像；仿佛”，引导表语从句常放在be, seem, sound, smell, feel, look等系动词之后作表语。
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going to move.
快点！看起来好像火车要开了。
(2)as if还可引导状语从句。当从句所陈述的是不真实的或不可能发生(存在)的情况时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，结构如下：
②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你对我说好像是我打破的似的？
与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词用were)
与过去事实相反 从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)
与将来事实相反 从句谓语动词用would/could/might do
[强化小练] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
③The woman loves the children as if she (be) their mother.
④The girl listened quietly and didn't move as if she (turn) into a stone.
⑤The teacher asked him a question, but he made no answer .
老师问了他一个问题，但是他像没听到似的没有作出回答。
⑥ our team is going to win.
看来我们队要胜了。
were
had turned
as if he didn't hear it
It seems as if
2．Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.
城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤。
[感知将学语法]
who lived there为who引导的定语从句，修饰其前面的the people, who在从句中作主语。
①(教材P50)The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.
在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
②(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。
3．Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
没有水和食物，电也停了。
[归纳点拨]
句中“were hard to get”为“be＋adj.＋to do”结构。
“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构中，用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：
(1)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；
(2)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, good, interesting, exciting等。
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换)
①The sentence is not easy (understand)．
②The novel coronavirus is hard .
新冠病毒很难对付。
③The chair is hard .
这把椅子坐上去很硬。
④This kind of problem is hard to solve.
→ this kind of problem.
这类问题很难解决。
[名师点津] 此结构中，不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后应该加相应的介词。
to understand
to deal with
to sit on
It is hard to solve
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great (努力)．
2．I have dreamed of this place and wondered what it would be like to (呼吸) this air.
3．Without a (语境), it is very difficult to understand a word.
4．The number of families seeking shelters rose by 17 (百分之……)．
5．Don't leave the lights on.It wastes (电)．
effort
breathe
context
percent
electricity
6．You can go through a (裂缝) if your head could.
7．After the woman heard that her husband was killed in the car accident, she went into (休克)．
8．His strong voice on the issue has helped (统一) the suggestions.
9．The windows of the old classroom were closed up with (砖)．
10．The frame of an airship is made of light but strong (金属)．
crack
shock
unify
bricks
metal
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He took a deep (breathe), and began to climb the stairs.
2．The (revive) of the economy depends on international cooperation.
3．With (wise) and effort, we will defeat disaster.
4．His friend has suffered illness for years.
5．He (trap) in the traffic jam and felt helpless.
breath
revival
wisdom
from
was trapped
6．It was a story, and we all got . (shock)
7． (bury) himself in the newspaper, he didn't notice what was happening.
8．A number of teachers present today, the number of whom 300. (be)
9．The place which once was very beautiful is now completely in (ruin)．
10．He has just bought a car, which is comfortable (drive)．
shocking
shocked
Burying
are
is
ruins
to drive
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．After the exam, all the lessons in school also .
2．It was reported that an American couple had a lot of gold coins from their own yard.
3．She thought, so she didn't notice the water was boiling.
4．Why don't you play football just looking on
in shock， be trapped in， in ruins， be buried in， as if， dig out， come to an end， instead of， suffer a great loss， get back up on one's feet
came to an end
dug out
was buried in
instead of
5．The city lay after the earthquake.Now, rows of houses are being built.
6．They the burning building.Please call the fire department right away.
7．Everyone is about what the new world is going to be.
8．When that happens to him, we help him .
9．It seems he knew everything that happened last night.
10．If you are not close to and learn from people of great virtue, you will .
in ruins
are trapped in
in shock
get back up on his feet
as if
suffer a great loss
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Up to now, how much of the novel _____________________
到目前为止，这本小说你看了多少？
2．He is such a person who would on his post.
他就是这样一个将会不遗余力做好本职工作的人。
3．It seemed without making any efforts in all fields.
在各个领域似乎不努力就没有成就。
have you gone through
spare no efforts to do a good job
as if there is no achievemen
4．During the difficult time, when there are too many sufferings, even .
在困难时期，那时有太多的苦难，甚至连食物都很难找到。
5．This year, ninety percent of the people have been awarded some prize in our company.
今年，我们公司努力工作的人有90%得到了奖励。
food is hard to find
who worked hard
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Strange things happened before Tangshan earthquake. The well walls had deep cracks. Some 1. (smell) gas came out of them.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous 2. (eat). At 3：42 on the morning of 28 July 1976, everything began to shake. It seemed as 3. the world were coming to an end! Soon the whole city lay 4. ruins. Many people died or were 5. ________(injure). Everything in the city was destroyed.
smelly
to eat
if
in
injured
People were 6. (shock) and wondered how long the disaster would last.The army sent soldiers to dig out those 7. were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built shelters for 8. (survive)．Water and food were taken to the city.Slowly the city began to 9. (breath) again. With strong support from the government and the tireless 10. (effort) of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
shocked
who
survivors
breathe
efforts
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共59张PPT)
Reading for Writing—读写·体现学以致用
课时目标
1.掌握本课时的重点单词、短语及句型的用法。
2.了解新闻报道应包含的基本要素和语言特征。
3.能够为重大新闻事件的专题报道编写摘要。
课文语基积累
(一)背重点词汇
1． vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击
n. 撞车；碰撞
2． vt. & vi. 清扫；打扫
3． n. 海浪；波浪
vi. & vt. 挥手；招手
4． vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打
n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
crash
sweep
wave
strike
5． vt.& vi. 递送；传达
vt. 发表
6． n. 总结；概括；概要
7． n. 影响；结果；效果
8． n. 长；长度
9． 消灭；彻底消除
10. 至少
deliver
summary
effect
length
sweep away
at least
11． 达到……的震级
12． 在西海岸外
13． 震中
14． ……的数量
15． 达到；踌躇；犹豫不决
reach a magnitude of ...
off the west coast
the quake center
the number of ...
stand at
16． 多达
17． 跑到安全地带
18． 被期望；被期待
19． 条件险恶
20． 运送食物及物资
as many as
run to safety
be expected to
dangerous conditions
deliver food and supplies
(二)背经典句式
1．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.
昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6,500多人死亡。
2．Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries.
泰国另有254人死亡，其他三个国家有54人丧生。
3．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
4．However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
写作素材积累
(一)背写作词汇
1．strike/hit vt. 袭击；侵袭
2．death n. 死；死亡
3．injury n. 受伤
4．damage vt.& n. 伤害；损害
5．destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭
6．missing adj. 失踪的
7．terrible adj. 可怕的
8．destruction n. 破坏
9．protect vt. 保护
10．the warning of ……的征兆
11．sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
12．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
13．be trapped in 被困于……
14．be buried in 埋头于；专心于
15．thousands of 成千上万的
16．crash into 重创……
17．suffer from 受苦；受罪
18．rescue work 救援工作
(二)背写作佳句
1．常用开头句
①A terrible earthquake happened in the southern Qinghai，causing great damage.
青海南部发生了可怕的地震，造成了巨大的破坏。
②On March 11, 2011, an earthquake struck Japan.
2011年3月11日，日本发生地震。
③A great landslide hit a small village yesterday, washing away all the houses.
昨天，一场泥石流袭击了一座小村庄，冲垮了所有房屋。
④There happened a great wildfire in the south of Australia, killing millions of animals.
澳大利亚南部发生重大森林大火，造成数百万计动物丧生。
2．常用中间句
①Lots of houses and roads there became in ruins after the earthquake.
那里的许多房屋和道路在地震后变得破败不堪。
②The earthquake destroyed nearly everything in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province.
这次地震几乎摧毁了四川省汶川的一切。
③In the earthquake, all the bridges fell down and fires broke out here and there.
在地震中，所有的桥梁垮塌，到处燃起了大火。
④Everything there lay in ruins and people were in shock.
那里的一切成为废墟，人们极度恐慌。
3．常用结束句
①I believe the city will take on a new look soon by working together.
我相信通过一起努力，这个城市不久将会焕然一新。
②With the help from the whole country, people there are sure to rebuild for a bright future.
在全国人民的帮助下，那里的人民一定能够重建美好的未来。
③Through active participation in reconstruction, we will pull ourselves through.
通过积极参与重建，我们将会渡过难关。
(三)背概要写作微技能
1．同义替换
①be good to有益于：benefit
②too much过多的：excessive
③the same as与……一样：likewise
④about关于：concerning, regarding, related to, be relevant to
⑤actually事实上：in fact, as a matter of fact，in reality
⑥aim at旨在：be aimed to, be aimed at, be intended to, be meant to
⑦appear出现：appearance, turn up, show up
⑧approach靠近，临近：come near, draw near, around the corner
⑨besides而且，另外：additionally, in addition, what's more, moreover, furthermore
⑩be pride of为……感到骄傲/自豪：take pride in
energetic精力充沛的：full of energy
have fun玩得开心：enjoy oneself, have a good time
hold举行：take place
honor/honour纪念：in honor/honour of
intelligent聪明的：smart, bright, brilliant
in a word总之：all in all, in conclusion, in short, in brief, to sum up
finally最后：in the end, eventually, at the end of
in the beginning开始：at the start of, to begin with
2．反义转换
①sincere→insincere
②encourage→discourage
3．词性转换
①recognize your child→parents' recognition
②strongly against→strong opposition
4．句式变化
(1)主、被动语态变换
People widely use computers in the world today.
→Computers are widely used in the world today.
(2)简单句合并为复合句
The weather turned out to be very good. This was more than we could expect.
→The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
(3)连词衔接法
He insisted on staying. He was not willing to go.
→He insisted on staying rather than going.
(4)固定结构转换法
We are sure to finish it in time because so many people are helping us.
→With so many people helping us, we are sure to finish it in time.
(5)特殊句式法(倒装句和强调句)
①Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests were present at the meeting.
→Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.
②The beautiful scenery attracts the tourists from all over the world.
→It is the beautiful scenery that attracts the tourists from all over the world.
写作项目——Write a summary
本单元的写作项目“写摘要”(Write a summary)属于概要写作的范畴。概要写作是课标就应用类文体对学生提出的写作要求之一。这一题型主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和获取关键词的能力，同时也考查考生的写作能力，即用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
由课文学写作范式(写得“像模像样”)
(一)感悟经典范本(教材P55概要范本)
本概要范本共提炼出三个要点，第一个要点揭示了事件发生的时间、地点和受灾情况；第二个要点说明事件造成的人员伤亡；第三个要点描述救援行动的情况。本范本的语言简明扼要且要点齐全，原报道中的大量数字、被采访者的话语均被省去，并换用其他语句进行表达，使得文本高度凝练且表达有力。
(二)点拨写作步骤
1．总览全文，确定体裁和结构
体裁 结构
记叙文 使用“要素串联法”，明确记叙文的六要素(who, when, where, what, how, why)的内容，如果是夹叙夹议文，还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意
说明文 使用“段意合并法”，找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议
议论文 使用“主题概括法”，提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证)
2.找出要点，确定主题句
明确各段的主旨大意，略去次要信息和不必要的细节。
3．改写要点，灵活表达
灵活采用同义词或近义词整合每段大意，用不同的句式进行转换，并在必要的地方添加衔接词，使各要点之间能够连贯顺畅。
4．检查修改，整理誊写
核对要点是否全面，检查语言运用是否准确以及行文是否流畅；另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。
由课文学亮点表达(写得“韵味十足”)
读文章第一自然段，习得以下素养
?学亮点表达
1．本段第二句中用“sweep”一词要比使用“wash”更高级，形象地表达出了海浪造成破坏的严重程度。
2．本段第一句中使用了 that引导的定语从句(that crashed into coastlines ...)，现在分词短语作状语(killing more than 6,500 people ...)；第二句使用了过去分词短语作定语(caused by the strong earthquake ...)以及that引导的定语从句(that reached a magnitude ...)，这些高级句式的运用使得文章句式灵活多变。
?学写作手法
本段使用了列数字的说明手法，使新闻报道更具体、更准确。通过列数字不仅增加了说服力，也使读者便于理解。这也是说明文常用的写作手法。
[微点写作]
(1)单句语法填空
①The doctors and nurses made every effort to fight coronavirus caused more than 3,000 people dead.
(2)完成句子
②In December, a deadly disease (袭击了那个地区)．
③A terrible tornado (卷走了所有的房屋) on its way.
struck that area
swept away all the houses
which/that
读文章第二、三自然段，习得以下素养
?学亮点表达
1．文中第二段第三句中“Another”一词再次强调死亡人数的增加；第三段第一句中“Thousands of”一词表达了海啸造成的死亡人数之多。
2．第二、三段使用了be doing ... when, make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.等高级句式彰显了较强的语言功底。
?学逻辑衔接
第二、三段主要运用and, however等衔接词从细节方面详细介绍了海啸造成的破坏以及给救援工作带来的困难。
[微点写作] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
①During the isolation period (隔离期), she had to have her meals (deliver) to her house.
②(2019·浙江高考)Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. ________,
uniforms are still popular.
③—Have you finished the tasks
—No, we've just got two difficult ones.
④It is horrible that this kind of disease has caused (数千的) deaths.
delivered
However
another
thousands of
[应用体验]
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Growing coffee beans is a huge, making-money business.However, unluckily, full-sun production is replacing the industry and causes a lot of damage.The change in growing coffee from shade-grown production to full-sun production brings certain animals and birds in danger, and even breaks the world's ecological balance (生态平衡)．
On a local level, the damage of the forest that is required by full-sun fields affects the area's birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees gives a home to birds and other species which depend on the trees' flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly in extinction.
On a more global level, the damage to the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also does harm to human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the ruin of such species could keep researchers from finding ways for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing methods are harmful to the water locally, and lastly the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(种植园)could mean breaking the balance of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a little change in the world's climate, and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Besides, the new growing methods are bringing about acidic (酸性) soil conditions.
It is clear that the way much coffee is grown affects a lot, from the local environment to the global ecology. But coffee users do have a choice. They can buy shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
第一步：总览全文，确定体裁
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了全阳光咖啡生产虽然有利可图，但在当地和全球都造成了很多不良影响。作者建议消费者买阴凉种植的咖啡，因为地球和人类未来的健康肯定比一杯便宜的咖啡更有价值。
第二步：找出要点，确定主题句
1．主旨句：
The change in growing coffee from shade-grown production to full-sun production brings certain animals and birds in danger, and even breaks the world's ecological balance.
2．要点句：
①As a result, many species are quickly in extinction.
②The damage to the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also does harm to human life.
③The continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations could mean breaking the balance of the rainforest ecology.
④But coffee users do have a choice.
第三步：改写要点，灵活表达
1．缩写主旨句(不超过15个词)
2．改写要点句(每句所补充词汇不超过8个词)
①(扩写要点句①)Many species are dying out owing to .
②(整合要点句②和句③) have been affected a great deal.
③(扩写要点句④)Considering ,people should make a wiser choice.
Some growers choose to plant coffee beans in the full-sun instead of in the shade.
the loss of the forest home
Human life and the rainforest ecology
the bright future of mankind and the world
第四步：检查修改，整理誊写
Some growers choose to plant coffee beans in the full-sun instead of in the
shade.(要点1) Because of that, several terrible results have come up.(要点2)
Many species are dying out owing to the loss of the forest home. In addition,
human life and the rainforest ecology have been affected a great deal. (要点3)
Considering the bright future of mankind and the world, people should make
a wiser choice.(要点4)
1．The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.
海啸巨浪由周日上午7：00许发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域的海底地震引发。
★strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)It strikes me that I'd better firstly finish my task before going out shopping.
我突然想到，我最好在出去购物之前先完成任务。
②Have you heard the news that there are lots of workers on strike in that country
你听说那个国家有很多工人在罢工的消息了吗？
[归纳点拨]
(1)strike sb. with sth. 用……打某人
be struck by ... 被……所打动
It strikes/struck sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
(2)on strike (for) (为……而)罢工
[应用融会]
(1)完成句子
③ the iron is hot.
趁热打铁/见机行事。(谚语)
④I his enthusiasm.
我被他的热情所打动。
⑤ the phone number I had told them was wrong.
我突然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。
Strike while
was struck/stricken by
It struck me that
⑥The workers are for high pay.
为了争取更高的工资，工人们正在罢工。
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑦Hearing the news that an earthquake hit the country, we sent our regards immediately. ________
on strike
struck
2．In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said.
政府官员称，在斯里兰卡，震中以西约1 600千米处，死亡人数高达2 498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。
★stand at 达到(数量)；踌躇；犹豫不决
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)We can't simply stand by staring, and we are supposed to help those in need.
我们不能袖手旁观，我们应该去帮助那些需要帮助的人。
②They took no notice of him, for he did not stand out, and he was in no way remarkable.
他们对他不予理会，因为他不出众，并且一点也不优秀。
③People believe that two “ninths” meeting together stand for a long life.
人们相信两个“九”在一起代表长寿。
[归纳点拨]
stand by 袖手旁观；支持；站在旁边
stand for 代表；代替；象征；主张
stand up 站起来；起立；站得住脚
stand out 突出；杰出
stand up for 维护；忍受；支持；坚持
[应用融会]
(1)选用上面短语填空
④You can depend on it that all of us will you all the time.
⑤Do you know that fact that they happiness and good luck in China.
⑥I managed to among the students and survive the test alone.
⑦We must dare to the truth and correct mistakes.
(2)词汇复现(替换加蓝词汇)
⑧Words come out of the culture that they represent and they describe. _________
stand by
stand for
stand out
stand up for
stand for
3．However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.
然而，由于条件险恶和道路受损，食物运送和物资补给将非常困难。
★deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达vt.发表
[用法感知]
①The president will deliver a speech about schools.
校长将发表关于学校的演讲。
②It was reported that China delivered some medicine to the Philippines.
据报道，中国向菲律宾运送了一些药品。
③(以文化人助写作)As students, we are not supposed to receive too much personal delivery at school.
作为学生，我们在学校不应该接收太多个人快递。
[归纳点拨]
(1)deliver sth. to ... 把某物投递/传送/运送到……
deliver sb. from ... 把某人从……中解救出来
deliver a lecture/speech 发表演讲
(2)delivery n. 投递；传送
[应用融会] (单句语法填空/完成句子)
④Would you deliver my message your mother
⑤He delivered us danger.
⑥Professor Li will at the school hall this weekend.
本周末李教授将在学校大厅发表演讲。
to
from
deliver a lecture/speech
语基综合训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Pilots were trying to repair a fault in the plane when it (碰撞)．
2．Heavy floods (横扫) away houses, roads, and took away the lives of many.
3．There is a (总结) at the end of each chapter.
4．Food is in short (供给) all over the country.
5．An (官方的) announcement is expected in the next few days.
crashed
swept
summary
supply
official
6．This flood had a great (影响) on people's daily life.
7．Owing to the destruction of the roads, (救援) work was hard to carry out.
8．Soon after the tsunami, medical teams were (组织) to head for the region.
9．Luckily, no (死亡) have been found up to now.
10．In the accident, 6 cars were greatly (损坏)．
effect
rescue
organized
deaths
damaged
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．What (strike) me most was their strong desire for knowledge.
2．Every day the milkman delivers milk our house.
3．The village was swept when the dam burst.
4．To this day, we wave each other every time we head off in different directions.
5．The (long) of a paragraph depends on the information it conveys.
6．I am sure that it will have effect on our natural environment.
7．The heavy rain made impossible to complete the road in time.
8．We were walking in the square the storm came.
struck
to
away
to
length
an
it
when
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．He's a coach; he's a friend.
2． 60% of us now bathe or shower once a day.
3．There are 300 new products on show.
4． people asking to go there is on the increase.
sweep away， be affected， at least， thousands of， the number of， be expected to， as many as， more than
more than
At least
as many as
The number of
5．Several houses were in the flood.
6．Here are your examination papers and you finish them in 2 hours.
7．Our school library has just bought new books.
8．Millions of factories in the epidemic situation (疫情)．
swept away
are expected to
thousands of
are affected
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
A tsunami caused by the most 1. (power) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed into coastlines across Asia, 2. (kill) over 6,500 people in several countries. The undersea earthquake, 3. reached a magnitude of 9.0, occurred around 7：00 am Sunday 4. the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island, causing 5. least 1,870 deaths. In Sri Lanka, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, while in India as 6. as 1,900 people were killed. Thousands of people are still missing and the number of deaths 7. (expect) to grow even 8. (high). Though foreign aid is being organized for the tsunami-hit countries, 9. (danger) conditions and damaged roads will make 10.___ difficult to deliver food and supplies.
powerful
killing
which
off
at
many
is expected
higher
dangerous
it
写作专项训练
Ⅰ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，是一所国际学校广播站的英语播音员。为增强大家的防震意识，你校将举办一次地震演习。请你根据所提供的信息，用英语写一篇广播稿。
地震演习
时间 下周二上午10：00－11：00
参加人员 全体学生
要求 ①班主任先召开班会，对学生进行指导；
②各班学生记住自己的疏散路线，听到信号立即开始疏散；
③最后班主任带领学生到操场集合；
④各班抽出2名学生作为志愿者维持秩序
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：演习drill; 信号 signal; 集合 gather
Dear boys and girls，
Attention, please!
That's all. Thank you.
参考范文：
Dear boys and girls，
Attention, please!
An earthquake drill is to be held from 10：00 am to 11：00 am next Tuesday. All the students are required to take part in the drill. Class meetings should be held first to give the students some instructions on what to do when an earthquake occurs. It is important for students in each class to bear in mind your escape routes. On hearing the signal, students should escape immediately under the guidance of the class teacher.All the students are to gather in the playground. Two student volunteers should be chosen from each class to keep order during the drill.
That's all. Thank you.
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Most of the survivors have to stay in the open area overnight after a 7.1-magnitude quake toppled (使倒塌) houses, cut off power and first-aid materials supply in northwest China's Qinghai Province Wednesday while rescuers face difficulties in searching for the buried.
Rescuers have set up more than 40 tents for survivors in the Gyegu Town, near the epicenter (震中) in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu in southern Qinghai. But the effort seems far less than enough for the area inhabited by some 100,000 people.
Many people sought temporary shelters in buildings that remained unaffected by the tremor (轻微地震)．
In the yard of Yushu's Sports Committee, nearly 1,000 people were sitting or lying on the ground in sheer (完全的，十足的) darkness. Some wrapped themselves up with quilts taken out from the debris (碎片，残骸)．
Some brought their own tents and others turned on the lights of motorcycles.
“I'm hungry and thirsty. We've been waiting for help since the morning，” said Zhaxi Toinzhub.
The woman said her three children were still buried in the rubble (碎石，瓦砾)．
The National Meteorological Station forecast Wednesday that temperatures may hit minus 3 degrees Celcius at night and 15 degrees Celcius in the daytime in the coming days.
The town would see strong winds and sunny weather in the coming days, providing favorable conditions for rescue operations.
The town is located in a remote area in Qinghai and the quake and ensuing (随后的) landslides have damaged roads, causing great difficulties for rescuers and, especially, machines from outside to enter the region.
“Rescuers had to dig with bare hands or iron sticks Wednesday, looking forward to the arrival of digging machines，” said a rescuer surnamed Wang, who was working at a collapsed hostel.
“The searching operation became even harder at night without lighting facilities，” he said.
In addition, rescuers may easily get exhausted working at a place with an altitude (海拔) of above 4,000 meters.
Thousands of rescuers and medical staff are rushing to Yushu from many regions of China, bringing machines, disaster-relief materials and medicines to the quake-hit town. Governments, organizations, enterprises and individuals are offering donations of money and materials to the region.
参考范文：
A terrible earthquake which happened in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Yushu in southern Qinghai caused great damage. (要点1) The earthquake affected about 100,000 people and lots of houses and roads there became in ruins after the earthquake. (要点2) Governments, organizations, enterprises and individuals went all out to fight against the terrible disaster, supplying the disaster-stricken areas with donations of money and materials. (要点3)
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)
