(共47张PPT)
Assessing Your Progress—实践·注重应用评价
对接“单元活动”——让活动有效开展
本板块项目活动主题是 “介绍国家/城市/村庄的传统”(Introduce the traditions of a country/city/village)，目的在于让学生从更广泛的角度理解文化传统的内涵，并能针对一个具体的国家、城市或村庄，收集有关文化传统的资料，整理信息，进行课堂演示。
[活动“助手”]
介绍一个国家、城市或者村庄的常用句型：
1．地理位置以及其他特征
(1)Beijing is not only our capital city, but also a famous city with a long history and wonderful culture.
北京不仅是我们的首都，也是一个有着悠久历史和灿烂文化的著名的城市。
(2)Once you see ..., you will think of ...
一旦你看到……，你就会想到……
(3)Canada is the second largest country in the world.
加拿大是世界上第二大国家。
(4)Owing to ..., it's neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. So it seems like spring all the year round.
由于……，冬天不太冷，夏天不太热。所以似乎一年四季都是春天。
2．历史、传统和习俗
(1) ... is famous for its human history, wonderful culture and natural beauty.
……以其人文历史、灿烂的文化和自然美景而闻名。
(2)On this day, people begin to thoroughly clean their houses to sweep away bad luck and welcome good luck.
在这一天，人们开始彻底打扫房子，扫走霉运，迎接好运。
(3)When you are in ..., you can experience different kinds of cultures.
当你在……时，你可以体验不同种类的文化。
(4)According to the traditional folk customs of ..., people should ... to welcome the new year.
根据……的传统民俗，人们应……以迎接新的一年。
3．景色和景点
(1)The village with a large river winding in front of it is surrounded by mountains.
这个村庄四面环山，一条大河在前面蜿蜒流淌。
(2)There're many places of great interest, such as ...
有许多名胜古迹，如……
(3)In China, there is an old saying，“One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”
在中国，有句古话：“不到长城非好汉。”
(4)There are various kinds of trees, flowers and birds on the mountain. The scenery on the top is beyond description.
山上有各种各样的树、花和鸟。山顶的景色美得难以形容。
4．居民和生活
(1)．.. are very kind hearted. They are friendly and willing to help.
……很善良。他们很友好，乐于助人。
(2)Nowadays, the transportation is very convenient in the city, since there are so many subways, which are very fast and comfortable.
现在，城市的交通非常方便，因为有这么多的地铁。它们非常快而且舒适。
(3)“...” shows the fine tradition of the Chinese nation, which is fearless of difficulties and dangers and striving to be strong.
“……”体现了中华民族不怕困难、不惧危险、自强不息的优良传统。
(4)Millions of tourists and business people come to the city every year and enjoy Shanghai's food，scenery，and life.
每年有数百万的游客和商人来到这座城市，享受上海的美食、风景和生活。
[活动任务]
在一次旅游返程的路上，我们隔窗观赏西部美景，不约而同地被美景所吸引，流连忘返。
根据提示完成短文，选择合适的句子并认真抄写在文中空白处。
On the way back, we looked out of the window at the beautiful scenery of the west. Apart from large meadows and 1. _____________________， we also saw some farmland, where highland barley and rapeseed were planted. Green barley and yellow rapeseed flowers, 2.___________________， are very beautiful. 3._________________ are another wonder different from the grassland in Inner Mongolia. Cattle and sheep are leisurely looking for grass 4._________________. Yellow rape flowers are separated by green grass and barley, yellow and green collocation, just like the scene in the painting. We happened to 5._________________， linger on.
A.like a natural watercolor painting
B.The blue sky and white clouds
C.be fascinated by the beautiful scenery
D.on the rough green lawn,E.herds of cattle and sheep
答案：1～5 EABDC
评价“学习能力”——聚焦5种语言技能
Ⅰ. ——主题听力
第一节
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man want to do
A．Take photos.
B．Buy a camera.
C．Help the woman.
2．What can the man do
A．Swim.
B．Play soccer.
C．Play basketball.
3．When will the meeting be over
A．At 11：00. B．At 10：00. C．At 9：30.
4．What did the man buy for the woman's birthday
A．A fruit cake.
B．Some apple pies.
C．A bunch of flowers.
5．Where is the woman
A．In a car.
B．In an elevator (电梯)．
C．In a bookstore.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is Sarah going to do
A．Buy John a gift.
B．Give John a surprise.
C．Invite John to France.
7．What does the man think of Sarah's plan
A．Funny. B．Exciting. C．Strange.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A．Friends. B．Colleagues. C．Strangers.
9．What needs to be replaced
A．The tires.
B．The radio.
C．The air conditioner.
10．Why doesn't Lynn want to buy the car
A．Because it is not safe.
B．Because the price is too high.
C．Because it doesn't drive smoothly.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What do we know about the man
A．He is in poor health.
B．He wants to stay at home today.
C．He hasn't finished his homework yet.
12．What relation is Mr Bell to the man
A．His neighbor. B．His teacher. C．His father.
13．What does the man ask the woman to do
A．Help him hand in his project.
B．Call to ask for leave.
C．Drive him to school right now.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．Where was probably the man when he lost Milo
A．In a park. B．In a café. C．In a car.
15．What does Milo look like
A．He has short hair.
B．He's about 14 pounds.
C．He's black with white spots.
16．Where does the woman tell the man to look first
A．Farther out. B．To the left. C．To the right.
17．What do the speakers decide to do in the end
A．Call the police for help.
B．Drive around to look for Milo.
C．Run for a couple of blocks.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What caused Mary to do the experiment
A．A piece of news.
B．A truck accident.
C．Some project data.
19．Where did Mary do the experiment
A．In a school. B．On the road. C．In a field.
20．What is the purpose of Mary's experiment
A．To provide a shelter for the deer.
B．To test the hearing of the deer.
C．To protect the deer from danger.
答案：1～5 ACACB 6～10 BBCBB 11～15 ABABA 16～20 BCBCC
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：I've got my camera with me. ①But am I allowed to take photos here
W：I think so. It doesn't say you can't.
(Text 2)
M：You know, Jason can play tennis, swim, play soccer ... but I can't.
W：It doesn't matter. I mean, you can play the guitar, ②play basketball, cook and even speak three languages. You are great.
(Text 3)
M：When will the meeting begin
W：According to the schedule, ③it should start at 9：30, and it will last for an hour and a half.
(Text 4)
M：Happy birthday, honey!
W：④Oh, a bunch of flowers! Thank you. You're always so sweet.
M：Well, I intended to buy you a fruit cake and some apple pies from Collin Street Bakery. But they're all sold out, ④so I bought you these flowers.
(Text 5)
M：⑤Can you hold the door for a minute, Lucy I've got a big bag full of books here.
W：Hi, Matt. Nice to see you! ⑤Up to the fourth floor
(Text 6)
M：All right, Sarah. We know that you're planning something big for John's birthday. Could you tell us just what you have in your mind
W：⑥I wanted to make his birthday a very special event. John has a sister living in France, and I'll send her a plane ticket, so that she can be here for his birthday.
M：⑦Boy! What an excellent plan! That's something special. I guessed you had some secret plan and were waiting for the right time to tell me.
W：Well, I didn't want to say anything until I was sure she could come.
(Text 7)
W：⑧Hi, are you Don I'm Lynn. I saw the advertisement you put on the Internet about selling your car.
M：Hi, Lynn. Nice to meet you. Thanks for your interest. Here's my car. It's a 2006 Honda Civic. I took a lot of road trips in it! It is not perfect, but it is safe to drive and it has new tires.
W：Is anything broken
M：⑨The radio is broken and the heater is broken, but the air conditioner works well.
W：⑩I think you should lower the price because the radio and the heater are broken. If you don't lower the price, I don't think I want to buy it.
M：Sorry, but I'm not lowering the price. It's a very safe car, even if the radio is broken. Would you like to drive the car so you can see if you like it
W：No, thank you. I am worried something else is broken, too.
(Text 8)
W：Oh, you look ill.
M： I don't feel too good. I must admit.
W：Then you shouldn't go to school today.
M：Oh, I have to. I can't stay at home today — we've got to hand in our geography projects. It's the last chance. And it's just a cold. I always feel worse when I first get up. I'll be fine once I've had a wash and a bit of breakfast.
W：It won't hurt to miss a day. You look very pale, and there's a flu virus going round at the moment. Ella next door has got flu.
M：I haven't got the flu, mom. And Mr Bell will think that I'm absent because today's the deadline for the project and that I haven't finished it.
W：Don't be silly — you're one of his star pupils. Surely, he's not going to fail you because you are ill. You haven't even missed a day all year as far as I remember.
M：Oh well, I suppose you're right. Perhaps I will stay at home, just today. But could you do me a favor Drive round to school and deliver my project to Mr Bell.
W：It's quite unnecessary. I will call Mr Bell right now.
(Text 9)
M：I lost my dog! Can you help me look for him
W：Yes, of course. When was the last time you saw him
M： I tied him up right here as I went to grab some coffee. When I came back outside, he was gone.
W：Okay, what does he look like
M：He's white with black spots. He's around 40 pounds and has short hair. His name is Milo, and he always comes when he's called.
W：I'll take the streets going to the right, and you take the streets going to the left. Meet me back in front of the coffee shop in 10 minutes. If we don't find him, we can take my car to look farther out.
M：Do you think I should call the police
W：I doubt if they'll have time to help. But I don't think we'll need them. Look over there in that park two blocks down!
M：It's Milo! Quick, let's run over there!
W：Let's go!
(Text 10)
Here is a piece of news for deer lovers. Mary, an 18 year old senior at Nixon High School, worked out a noise to drive the deer away. A deer jumped into the road and hit her uncle's truck. The accident inspired her to look for a deer defensive measure.
According to the data from a science project, deer and humans hear the world differently. People sense sounds in the range of 20 to 20,000 hertz. Deer live life a little higher. They can hear between about 250 and 30,000 hertz. That means deer can hear sounds well above what people can sense.
For her experiments, Mary found a clearing, a small field where she set up a speaker and a remote control. When it sent out a 14,000 hertz sound, it didn't send the deer fleeing. She increased the sound gradually, and when the speaker broadcast 25,000 hertz, the deer just walked away.
The teen expects her warning “whistle” to be broadcast from speakers along the sides of a highway. These will warn the deer to stay away — even when there is no car in sight. “It's like a stoplight for animals，” she says. That way it may keep deer off the road.
Ⅱ. ——补全对话
根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
两个人正在交流假期出游计划……
W：When are you going to take your vacation
M： 1
W：Where are you going
M：To Hawaii.
W：That sounds like a good place. Is your family going
M：Yes. We plan to climb the historic mountains, go fishing, swimming, and wind surfing, just to relax. 2
W：Your children must be all excited about it.
M：Yes, they are. They're already crossing out days on the calendar. 3
W：No, not this time. We're going to visit some historic sites in Egypt.
M：Are you going by ship or taking a flight
W：We're going by air.
A．I've got a ten day vacation starting from July 25th.
B．Are you going to Europe again this summer
C．My wife is taking a whole bunch of books to read.
D．My wife wants to do a research on this historic mountain.
E．I don't know why they want to go camping anyway.
答案：1～3 ADB
Ⅲ. ——看图表达
1．What do you know about the first picture
The ruins of Dashuifa are the symbol of the Old Summer Palace, which witnessed the period of history when China was invaded.
2．Have you ever seen the second and third pictures What are they
Yes.The second picture shows the original appearance of Dashuifa Site.The third picture shows what the Old Summer Palace was like before it was destroyed.
3．It is suggested that the Old Summer Palace should be rebuilt, while others are against it.What's your opinion
The answers may vary.
Ⅳ. ——阅读理解
Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived (复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.
Questions：
1．We learn from the text that in Ireland __________.
A．food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population
B．people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside
C．it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker
D．different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments
答案：A
2．What can be the best title for the text
A．Life in Ireland
B．A Very Difficult History
C．Ireland, Past and Present
D．The Independence of Ireland
答案：C
3．What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1
In Paragraph 1 the author tells us how two “Irelands” came into being.
4．What does Oscar Wilde mean by saying that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”？
The Irish are warm hearted and friendly and love singing very much.
Ⅴ. ——读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
School was over, the day was fading and it started to drizzle (下毛毛雨). I stood at the school gate, with a loaded backpack on my shoulders. It was Friday again: a weekend of joy with unlimited sleeping hours and dinner courses specially made to my taste. A weekend at home. I waved goodbye to my friends as they jumped into their fathers' warm and comfortable cars. Curiously, this gave rise to a disturbing feeling in me. It was not exactly what they called jealousy (嫉妒), but something like dismay (沮丧). I knew all I could expect was an old bike Mom would ride along on, with the badly oiled chain creaking (嘎吱作响) against the wheel to announce her arrival.
Every Friday when Mom came to pick me up for the weekend, it was a moment full of great expectation and great unease. I always felt my face burning as we rode our way in and out of the numerous cars and saw my friends' faces sticking out of the car windows. It was like stepping into a ballroom with beautifully dressed ladies and finding yourself in a smelly T shirt.
To tell you the truth, Mom is quite a headache occasionally. She looks like a homely middle aged housewife. Being a skilled person of DIY, she knits (编织) most of my sweaters, chiefly in old styles. Whenever caught by some curious classmates asking what brand my sweaters are, I'd force a smile and reply in a half joking manner: homemade. She simply doesn't seem to understand what's in fashion; Chanel or Banana Republic doesn't mean anything to her.
I couldn't remember when I started to find her such an embarrassment. As a little boy, I relied on her so much. She had been working at home, cooking in the kitchen, knitting by the lamp, or riding across town to buy me a book I badly needed. It had always been fun riding with her. I had enjoyed watching our shadows growing longer and shorter in an alternate fashion by the light of the streetlamps along the road. Just now there seemed to be something standing between us, something that made her so strange to me and me to her.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
Today she showed up in a raincoat._____________________________________
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Paragraph 2：
Mom tried to cover me with the back of the raincoat again as a storm set in.___
______________________________________________________________________
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参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Today she showed up in a raincoat. Once she saw me, Mom called my name excitedly. Almost everybody present looked in her direction.I swallowed hard and fixed my stare on the middle of the road, sweat forming in tiny droplets on my forehead. When she tried to cover me with the back of her raincoat, I simply threw it aside. In silence, I shot her a blaming glance and threw my backpack heavily into the front basket of the bike. Without a single word, I jumped onto the backseat.
Paragraph 2：
Mom tried to cover me with the back of the raincoat again as a storm set in. Reluctantly, I pulled it over. With the wind roaring angrily and the raincoat dancing, it felt warm and secure inside. Mom bent forward and pedaled with all her strength, her waist twitching with tension. I started to feel guilty of my coldness, tears welling up in my eyes. Quietly, I slipped my hands around Mom's waist and gently pressed my face against her back. In the crying wind and pouring rain, I found myself hugging my mother, tighter than ever.
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)
“UNIT 4 单元验收评价（一）—（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共51张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures—语法·提升语言能力
课时目标
1. 通过观察、分析与归纳总结，掌握过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的用法。
2.恰当运用过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的结构，较为生动细致地描述事物、情境及个人情感。
语法项目——过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
初识语法——在美文运用中体悟
Peter once hated cycling and his ①abandoned bicycle was in the corner of his room. Later his father invited a ②retired bike instructor to give him some instructions. In order to make himself ③understood by Peter, the coach repeated again and again, requiring him to practise every day. He must finish the task in the time ④given. The method ⑤adopted by his coach was very scientific and he made rapid progress. In a cycle race he took part in, the cyclists ⑥involved all longed to win medals. During the match, the audience beside the road waved at him and he was proud of himself. Finally, Peter won a gold medal.
①②为过去分词作前置定语；
③为过去分词作宾语补足语；
④⑥为过去分词作后置定语；
⑤为过去分词短语作后置定语。
慧学语法——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加 ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。过去分词在句子中不能单独构成谓语，一般可以用作定语(the attribute)、宾语补足语(the object complement)、表语(the predicative)和状语(the adverbial)。过去分词作定语和宾语补足语可以较生动地描述情景、事物及个人情感等。如“...and the oldest castle built by Norman rulers in Windsor nearby.” “We found ourselves shocked by the large number of visitors.”。
一、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的位置
过去分词作定语分前置定语和后置定语两种情况。
[先感知]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.
②The recovered animals will be released soon.
③There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.
④Is there anything unsolved
⑤Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
[会发现]
(1)句①②fried和recovered都是单个过去分词作_____定语。
(2)句③left和concerned都是单个过去分词作_____定语。
(3)句④unsolved修饰不定代词anything，是单个的过去分词作_____定语。
(4)句⑤marked on 22 April是过去分词短语作后置定语，可以改成定语从句________ marked on 22 April。
前置
后置
后置
which is
[明规则]
1．一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，通常放在所修饰词之前。
(1)有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned (有关的)等。
(2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个过去分词放在被修饰词的后面。
2．过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，通常放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
[对点练]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation _____ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
②(2022·全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a ________ (share) future for mankind.
③(2021·浙江6月高考)As cool as it may be to receive a postcard ________ (write) in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it.
held
shared
written
(2)同义句转换
④He is a teacher loved by his students.
→He is a teacher _________________________.
⑤The girl, who was brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now.
→The girl, _____________________, has begun to work now.
2．过去分词作定语时的意义
[先感知]
①Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.(表示被动)
②The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表示被动和完成)
③The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.(表示完成)
who is loved by his students
brought up by her uncle
[会发现]
(1)句①②是______动词(短语)作定语，表示被动和完成。
(2)句③是________动词作定语，表示动作的完成。
[明规则]
1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成。
2．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作已完成。
及物
不及物
[对点练] (选择填空)
过去分词作定语有三种情况：
A．只表示被动
B．只表示完成
C．既表示被动又表示完成
请判断下列句子中加黑部分属于哪种情况
①America is a developed country.
②I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers.
③Is there anything planned for the weekend？
B
A
C
3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
[先感知]
①As we all know, China is a developing country.
②We should make the best of used books.
[会发现]
(1)句①表示主动和______。
(2)句②表示被动和______。
[名师点津] 有些动词的现在分词和过去分词作定语，不表示进行、被动或完成的意义，而是形容词化了。现在分词表示“令人感到……的”；过去分词表示“感到……的”。
①He brought the surprising news.
②She looked at him with a surprised expression on her face.
进行
完成
意义 形式 语态 时态
过去分词 被动 完成
现在分词 主动 进行
[明规则]
[对点练] (用分词作定语完成句子)
①Even though it is still in summer, there are _________________ on the ground.
尽管仍是夏天，但地上有很多的落叶。
②This is really___________, and it doesn't pay well.
这真的是一个非常累人的工作， 而且报酬不是很好。
③The girl _____________ is my friend.
正站在那儿的女孩是我的朋友。
many fallen leaves
a tiring job
standing there
4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
[先感知]
①The building built last year is our classroom building.
②The building being built now is our classroom building.
③The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
[会发现]
(1)句①last year是______时的标志词。
(2)句②now是______进行时的标志词。
(3)句③next month是_______时的标志词。
过去
现在
将来
意义 形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
[明规则]
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①The cars _________ (sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.
②Tsinghua University, _________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
③There are still many problems ___________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
being sold
founded
to be solved
二、过去分词作宾语补足语
[先感知]
①He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched.
②Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
③While they were on holiday, they had their house broken into.
④They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
⑥I heard the song sung in English.
⑦The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
⑧The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
⑨John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.
[会发现]
(1)句①leave后接过去分词作宾语补足语。
(2)句②③④have, make后接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
(3)句⑤⑥see, hear后接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
(4)句⑦order后接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
(5)句⑧⑨是with复合结构。
[明规则]
1．过去分词用在表示某种状态的keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
3．感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, expect, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself ________ (notice)．
②Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _______ (wash).
③Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _________ (amuse) with her stories.
④With the problem _______ (solve), the quality has been improved.
⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is — always leaving us __________ (astonish)．
noticed
washed
amused
solved
astonished
三、非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别
1．感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel等后加宾语补足语的比较
[先感知]
①I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
②I heard her sing an English song just now.
③To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
[会发现]
(1)句①感官动词接______分词作宾语补足语，强调动作正在进行。
(2)句②感官动词接不带to的________作宾语补足语时，强调动作的整个过程或动作经常发生。
(3)句③感官动词接_____分词作宾语补足语，强调被动状态。
现在
不定式
过去
[明规则]
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①They knew her very well. They had seen her ______ (grow) up from childhood.
②The missing boy was last seen ________ (play) near the river.
③When he came back, he was glad to see the work ________ (finish)．
2．使役动词make, have, get, keep等后加宾语补足语的比较
[先感知]
①(2020·天津5月高考)My little voice has made me feel really shy.
②I made myself known to them first and then we talked about our hobbies.
③Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
grow
playing
finished
④He had us laughing all through the meal.
⑤My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
⑥He got me to post the letter for him.
⑦The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
⑧(2020·天津高考)That's good, because it's always the people with no time who get things done.
⑨He kept the children working on their lessons all day.
⑩She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.
[会发现]
(1)句①③⑥，使役动词接_______ (make, have后接不带to的不定式)作宾语补足语，表示“让某人做某事”；
(2)句④⑦⑨，使役动词接______分词作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”；
(3)句②⑤⑧⑩，使役动词接______分词作宾语补足语，表示“使……被做”。
不定式
现在
过去
[明规则]
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①Barbara often makes a schedule to get herself ___________ (remind) of what she is to do in the day.
②He wants to have his eyes _________ (examine) tomorrow.
③He spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself ____________ (understand)．
④Li Hua, who was busy preparing a report, couldn't put up with the loud noise, so he kept all the windows _____ (shut) all day long.
reminded
examined
understood
shut
3．with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较
[先感知]
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, one activist, dressed in a full body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)！”
②With a great weight taken off her mind, she passed all the tests successfully.
③With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
[会发现]
(1)句①with＋n./pron.＋doing，现在分词表示______和正在进行的动作。
(2)句②with＋n./pron.＋done，过去分词表示_____和已完成的动作。
(3)句③with＋n./pron.＋to do，不定式表示_____发生的动作。
主动
被动
将来
[明规则]
[对点练] (用所给词的适当形式填空)
①The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog __________ (follow) them.
②With many brightly coloured flowers ________ (plant) around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.
③With so many things ___________ (consider), we haven't decided on the final plan yet.
following
planted
to consider
用所给词的适当形式填空
With my summer holiday 1.____________ (approach), I decided 2.________ (make) a plan to go 3._________ (travel) in Yunnan Province. By 4._________ (search) information online, I got to know some places of interest in Dali. 5._______ (date) back to more than 1,000 years ago, the Three Pagodas enjoy popularity both at home and abroad. Every year, tourists come 6._________ (flood) into the small town of Dali from all directions，making the streets 7.________ (crowd) everywhere. In addition, after a talk with some of my friends 8.___________ (have) a trip in Dali before, I can't wait 9._________ (travel) in Yunnan 10.________ (enjoy) the beautiful scenery there.
approaching
to make
travelling
searching
Dating
flooding
crowded
having had
to travel
to enjoy
新知进补——学用结合方能“融会通”
1．Judy and I had our car parked in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged.
朱迪和我把我们的汽车停在特拉法尔加广场附近的一个地下停车场里，在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。
★charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)The universe is not in the charge of you, but you are in charge of yourself.
你主宰不了宇宙，但你可以主宰你自己。
②(2020·天津5月高考)Your replacement card will be produced free of charge.
您新换的卡将被免费提供。
③Challenge yourself and take charge of your own growth in your career.
挑战自己，为自己的职业发展负责。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④—I wonder how much you charge ____ your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs $30.
⑤The man who was ____ charge of the shop was charged _____ selling fakes.
for
in
with
(2)完成句子/一句多译
⑥The police _____________________ stealing the jewels.
警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。
⑦下周主管不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
I'll ______________ the whole factory next week when the director is away.
＝I'll be ____________ the whole factory next week when the director is away.
＝The whole factory will be _______________________ next week when the director is away.
charged the thief with
take charge of
in charge of
in/under the charge of me
2．When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left.
当我们最终到达服务台询问语音导游时，我们听到服务台宣布已经没有语音导游了。
★announce vt.宣布；通知；声称
[用法感知]
①The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.
广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播公布出来。
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media.
鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆的公告。
③It was announced that the number of primary schools in that city had grown to 114.
据宣布，那个城市的小学的数量已经增至114所。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④At the end of the meeting, it _________________ (announce)that an agreement had been reached.
⑤He made the ______________ (announce) in a speech on television.
(2)完成句子
⑥He said the lucky woman ______________________________ and the trip will be shared online.
他说这位幸运的女士将在网站上公布出来，整个旅行也会在线分享。
was announced
announcement
will be announced on the website
⑦One day with a basket of vegetables, he ____________________ he was going to cook a delicious dish.
一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。
3．We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.
我们发现自己对国家美术馆入口处的大量的游客和噪声感到非常惊讶。
★amount n．金额；数量
announced to us that
[用法感知]
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.
这个演员的胖瘦两种版本都吃了大量的食物。
②Modern computers can organize large amounts of data very quickly.
现代计算机能迅速处理大量的数据。
③Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
大量的钱被花在了这座桥上。
归纳点拨 (1)“a huge/large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数
(2)“huge/large amounts of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数
联想发散 表示“大量的”短语还有a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a lot of等。
①a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词；a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数；
②a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④For example, there ____ (be) huge amounts of information which I am often confused to choose from.
⑤An increasing amount of organic produce __ (be) to be found on supermarket shelves.
(2)完成句子
⑥With the hills beyond our village becoming greener and greener, they have become home to _______________________.
随着我们村外的山丘变得越来越郁郁葱葱，它们已经成了大量野生动物的家园。
are
is
a large amount of wildlife
4．It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
因为周围有那么多人，所以很难接近那幅画。
★approach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近
[用法感知]
①(2020·浙江高考)What's more, with the College Entrance Examination approaching , we are making full preparations for it.
更重要的是，随着高考的临近，我们正在为它做充分的准备。
②She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.
她还接近牙医，学习更多有关清洁牙齿的知识。
③A pair of large stone lions preside massively over the approach to the Summer Palace.
一对大型石狮巍然耸立在颐和园的入口处。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Yesterday we held a meeting and made an approach ___ the low carbon life.
⑤She brainstormed the possible ____________ (approach) she might take.
⑥____ the approach of the College Entrance Examination, some students stay up late to study.
to
approaches
At
(2) 词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑦With the time for graduation approaching, we are busy with our papers.
around/round the corner/drawing near
5．Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.
卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里，这个家庭给他们提供自制的黄油和蜂蜜面包。
★generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
[用法感知]
①(2020·江苏高考)One self deprecating comment is a generous and even confident form of humor.
一个自嘲的评论是一种慷慨甚至自信的幽默形式。
②(以文化人助写作)The young man is very generous with his time in helping others.
这个年轻人在帮助别人方面很慷慨，不吝啬时间。
③It was generous of him to offer to pay for us both.
他主动为我们俩付钱，真是大方。
④How can I ever repay you for your generosity
我怎么才能报答你的慷慨呢？
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
⑤These volunteers are very generous ___ the old men.
⑥If you plan to keep your friends, you must practise honesty, __________ (generous) and understanding.
(2)完成句子
⑦________________________ your smartphone to me.
你能把你的智能手机借给我，真是太慷慨了。
to
generosity
It is generous of you to lend
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共28张PPT)
Listening and Speaking—听说·强化交际技能
课时目标
1.能从整体上抓住主要线索，梳理并概括关键信息；能够准确把握重要细节。
2.掌握相关听力策略、关注习语的文化内涵，并对相关信息进行联想和类比。
3.结合生活体验，通过举例和综合分析，简要探讨和表述孔子的教育哲学思想及文化古迹的重要历史价值。
4.能够意识到习语在英语学习和文化理解中的重要性，学习通过上下文猜测习语的意思，并养成在日常学习中积累习语知识的习惯。
5.能够通过联想、类比和分析，比较深入地理解孔子及其教育思想对中国历史传统、思想文化等的重要影响，加强文化意识，树立正确的历史观。
背教材内词汇
1．Confucius n． 孔子
2．mansion n. 公馆；宅第
3．cemetery n. 墓地；公墓
4．philosophy n. 哲学
5．descendant n. 后裔；后代；子孙
6．individual adj. 单独的；个别的
n. 个人
7．heel n. 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
8．Achilles' heel (喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
背同“主题”佳句
感受历史文化
1．Confucius is considered as the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages.
孔子被认为是中国古代最伟大的圣人。
2．Zheng He, an explorer in Ming Dynasty, is my favorite figure in Chinese history.
郑和是明朝的一位探险家，他是我最喜欢的中国历史人物。
3．We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and culture of other countries.
我们能够了解更多伟人的生活以及其他国家的历史和文化。
4．What I'd like to introduce to you is Niangao, which is one of the most popular and typical dishes eaten during the Spring Festival.
我想给大家介绍的是年糕，它是春节期间所吃的最受欢迎、最典型的菜肴之一。
5．First, we were amazed to learn about the origin of the Hakka culture and the development of the Hakka history.
首先，我们惊奇地了解了客家文化的起源和客家历史的发展。
教材为基——课内听力4 遍过
Step 1 过词块(英汉互译)
1．the Confucius Temple ______________
2．___________ 顺便问一下
3．___________ 不擅长
4．my favourite philosophers __________________
5．a descendant of Confucius ___________
6．pull my leg ________________
夫子庙；孔庙
by the way
be bad with
我最喜欢的哲学家
孔子后裔
开玩笑(非正式)
7．____________ 与……有关系
8．family tree ______
9．pay respects to ________________
10．the relationship between learning and reflecting
__________________
11．the Dacheng Hall _______
12．the Cemetery of Confucius ______
13．the Kong Family Mansion ______
14．a fish out of water ________________________
be related to
家谱
对……表示敬意
学习与反思的关系
大成殿
孔林
孔府
离水之鱼；不得其所的人
Step 2 过句式(完成句子)
1．Oh, it means that something is my weakness—______________________ !
哦，它的意思是某件事情是我的弱点——我真的不擅长地图！
2．We ____________________________ Confucius' ideas on education.
我们正在做一个关于孔子教育思想的研究项目。
3．You know, Confucius was a great educator, and he ________________________
_________.
你知道，孔子是一位伟大的教育家，并且他有许多伟大的教育思想。
I'm really bad with maps
are doing a research project on
had many great ideas about
education
4．_________________ — Confucius and Shakespeare, two of the greatest minds in history!
孔子和莎士比亚这两位历史上最伟大的人物——真是巧合！
5．I really want to visit the UK — I'm really interested in ________________________.
我真的很想游览英国——我对英国的历史和文化很感兴趣。
What a coincidence
British history and culture
Step 3 过关键信息
Listen to the conversation and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F)．
1．Confucius believed that learning and reflecting are both important. ( )
2．William is a descendant of Confucius. ( )
3．As one of Confucius' descendants, Xiao Kong is going to the temple to pay respects to Confucius. ( )
4．The Dacheng Hall is the tallest building in Qufu. ( )
5．William wants to know more about Confucius culture. ( )
T
F
T
T
T
Step 4 过文意理解
Listen to the conversation again and then fill in the blanks.
Qufu William and Xiao Kong ·They are going to 1._____________________.
·Referring to maps is William's 2._________
·Xiao Kong is a 3.___________ of Confucius.
Confucius ·one of 4.___________ minds in history
·especially famous for his ideas on 5._________
the Dacheng Hall No other building in the city can be 6.______ than it.
the Confucius Temple
weakness
descendant
the greatest
education
taller
知能为先——必备知能一站明
(一)理解习语
习语一般指由几个单词组合在一起、具有特定意义的词组，其蕴含的意义往往不能从词组中单个词的意思推测而得。
英语中存在着大量的习语，这些习语文字简洁，语义含蓄，有着丰富的文化内涵。我们可以通过上下文来理解和掌握一些常见的习语，从而促进英语的学习。
[典例]
W：The train leaves at ten o'clock.You'd better shake a leg if you don't want to be late.
M：Don't worry.We have twenty minutes to go.
[分析] 习语“shake a leg”所在语境的意义：火车十点离开，你要是不想误了火车最好快点。由语境意义可知“shake a leg”用于催促某人，相当于hurry up，意为“赶快，迅速行动”。
(二)连读的发音规则
一般来说，相邻的两个单词属于同一意群时，前一词末尾的某些音素和后一词词首的某些音素，可以连起来读。连读在语言交际中比较常见，正确、自然地连读是语言流畅性的重要体现。需要注意的是，连读的前提条件是相邻的两个词必须属于同一个意群，否则不能连读。以下是几种常见的连读情况。
1．辅音＋元音
相邻的两词中，前一个词以辅音结尾，后一个词以元音开头时，一般将辅音和元音连起来读。如：
2．r/re＋元音
前一个词以 r或 re结尾，后一个词以元音开头，此时r或re要发/r/音，并与其后的元音连读。如：
3．元音＋元音
前一个词以/I/或/i?/结尾，后一个词以元音开头时，添加/j/后连读；前一个词以/?/或/u?/结尾，后一个词以元音开头，添加/w/后连读。如：
训练为重——能力提升多听说
一、听力基础训练
听下面句子，标注连读音。
二、听力仿真训练
听第1段材料，回答第1题。
1．Where did Mr Smith get an education
A．In Scotland. B．In Wales. C．In England.
听第2段材料，回答第2题。
2．Why does the man choose Canada to go abroad
A．Because his girlfriend is in Canada.
B．Because he wants to know more about Canada.
C．Because he likes the various cultures in Canada
听第3段材料，回答第3题。
3．What are the two speakers mainly talking about
A．When to attend a meeting.
B．When to pick up their parents.
C．When to do Christmas shopping.
听第4段材料，回答第4题。
4．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．In a restaurant. B．In a hotel. C．In a store.
听第5段材料，回答第5题。
5．Who is the best writer in the man's opinion
A．D.H.Laurence.
B．Charles Dickens.
C．Hardy.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．How much is the highest coin in England worth
A．Five pounds. B．Two pounds. C．One pound.
7．How much is the highest coin in America worth
A．Two dollars. B．One dollar. C．50 cents.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Where are the tourists
A．In Austria. B．In Hungary. C．In Slovakia.
9．What will the tourists do first
A．Visit a bridge.
B．Go to the marketplace.
C．Go to a jewellery store.
10．What suggestion does the speaker give to the tourists at last
A．Eating local sausages for lunch.
B．Taking a boat down the Danube River.
C．Bringing some wine back to the hotel.
答案：1～5 BCCCB 6～10 BBBAC
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Alan, can you give me any information about Mr Smith
M：Yes. ①Mr Smith was born in Scotland and educated in Wales. He has worked for the London police since the 1990s.
W：Thanks for the information.
(Text 2)
W：Chris, if you get a chance to go abroad, which country would you like to visit most
M：Canada. ②It's such a multicultural country.
(Text 3)
W：③David, have you finished your Christmas shopping
M：Well, I'd planned to do it today, but then I was asked to help pick up Jim's parents, so I didn't go downtown.
W：Will you go tomorrow
M：No, I have to attend a meeting tomorrow, ③so I'll go the day after tomorrow.
(Text 4)
W：Good afternoon, sir. What can I do for you
M：④Tomorrow is Father's Day. Do you have anything to recommend
(Text 5)
W：Who do you think is the greatest writer in the history of English literature
M：⑤Charles Dickens.I think no one can match his writing.
W：I'm afraid I can't agree with you on that. I think D. H. Laurence's and Hardy's novels are better.
M：Well, it's common for different people to have different opinions.
(Text 6)
M：What kind of money do you have in England
W：Oh, we have pounds and pennies. 100 pennies equal one pound.
M ：What kind of coins do you have
W：⑥The highest coin is worth 2 pounds, and the lowest is one penny.
M：Really ⑦In America, the highest coin is one dollar, and the lowest is one cent.
(Text 7)
Welcome to Budapest, the jewel of Eastern Europe. I'm Mark, your English speaking guide，and you can come to me with any questions or concerns you may have during this trip. Before we start to explore this wonderful city, I will give you an outline of what we have planned for the day.⑨First, we will walk from the hotel across the famous Lion's Bridge. ⑧It is one of several bridges that cross the Danube River, a river that runs through not only the capital of Hungary here but also through the capital cities of three other countries, including Austria and Slovakia. From the bridge, we will continue down the old main street to the indoor marketplace. There, we will eat our lunch. Some of the best sausages in the town are sold there. ⑩Before returning to the hotel at night, we can't forget to pick up some Tokaji, which is Hungary's national sweet wine.
?加练新题型
Listen to Text 7 again and decide whether each of the statements is Correct (A), Incorrect (B) or Not mentioned (C).
1.Budapest is considered to be the jewel of Eastern Europe. A B C
2.The speaker is giving the tourists an outline of what has been planned for the day. A B C
3.The Danube River runs through three capital cities of European countries. A B C
4.They will have some sausages for their lunch in the old main street. A B C
5.The tourists are eager to buy Hungary's national sweet wine, Tokaji. A B C
答案：1～5 AABCC
三、口语交际训练
Sally：From the course I know China has a history of more than 5,000 years, which really surprised me.
Bush：Me too. 1
Sally：In my opinion, some famous places of interest left me a deep impression, such as the Summer Palace and the Forbidden City.
Bush： 2 It is a feast for eyes.
Sally：Really 3 I'd like to travel there one day.
Bush：Of course. As well as the long and interesting history, there are some great people in China like Confucius.
Sally：Indeed. 4 His ideas on education have a great influence on Chinese education.
A．You must have a good trip there.
B．What impressed you most about China
C．I had been there last summer.
D．Confucius is considered as the greatest person in the history.
答案：1～4 BCAD(共29张PPT)
Listening and Talking—听说·强化交际技能
课时目标
1.通过听的活动，基于听力对话内容，包括对话中的情境描述和人物的语音语调，能够准确理解对话的重点信息，判断人物说话时的情感。
2.在交际中恰当运用表达兴奋、惊讶、失望等个人情感的功能意念项目。
3.关注和了解中国历史文化名城平遥的历史、经济、文化、传统等方面的知识和信息。
背教材内词汇
1．courtyard n． 庭院；院子
2．snack n. 点心；小吃
3．eager adj. 热切的；渴望的
背同“主题”佳句
旅行中体验文化
1．If you don't go to travel, miss more than just scenery.
如果你不去旅行，错过的不止是风景。
2．As we can enjoy, the scenery here is beautiful and the air is fresh, attracting a number of tourists from all over the world.
正如我们所喜欢的，这里风景优美，空气新鲜，吸引着许多来自世界各地的游客。
3．Moreover, the scenery along the river is amazing, with many well known sightseeing spots.
而且，沿江的景色令人惊叹，有很多著名的游览景点。
4．It is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which is located in the center of the city.
到达坐落于市中心的上海博物馆对人们来说更加方便了。
5．I am attracted by the ancient Silk Road. I have read lots of books about it.
我被古老的丝绸之路所吸引。我已读了很多关于它的书。
6．Located on Florida's Atlantic coast, it is home to many fine examples of European architecture and wild scenic views.
它位于佛罗里达州的大西洋海岸，是许多欧洲建筑和野生风景的典范。
教材为基——课内听力4 遍过
Step 1 过词块(英汉互译)
1．___________ 老实说；说实话
2．a little disappointed ___________________
3．walk into history ____________
4．_________________ 有着悠久的历史
5．have no idea ______________
6．_________________ 沿着城墙
7．____________ 牛肉面
to be honest
有点失望；有点遗憾
走进历史
have a long history
不知道；不清楚
along the city wall
beef noodles
Step 2 过句式(完成句子)
1．It __________ a very important banking centre in China.
它曾经是中国一个非常重要的金融中心。
2．I've got to say though, it wasn't ________ I had expected.
不过我得说，它并没有我预料的那么大。
3．But it was still interesting ________________________________ almost 200 years ago.
但了解近200年前银行是什么样子仍然很有趣。
used to be
as big as
to learn about what banks were like
4．Oh, well, ____________ the Ming Qing Street — that's pretty big.
哦，好吧，那明清街怎么样——相当大的一条街。
5．Wow, I can't believe_____________________! You have to stay longer, Paul. ____________________ of Pingyao's history to see.
哇，我真不敢相信你居然没看到城墙！你得待更长时间，保罗。平遥的历史还有更多去了解。
what about
you didn't see the wall
There's so much more
Step 3 过关键信息
Listen to the conversation and decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F)．
1．When Paul first arrived at Pingyao, he found it was not so good as expected.( )
2．Pingyao used to be a banking centre in China. ( )
3．There are many banks in the Ming Qing Street. ( )
4．Paul will stay longer to walk along the city wall. ( )
5．Paul likes beef noodles in Turtle City very much. ( )
T
T
F
F
T
Step 4 过文意理解
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
Ancient City of Pingyao ·Many beautiful buildings from the ①______________ dynasties；
·Pingyao has a long history of over ②___________；
·The Ming Qing Street is ③_________；
·Some of the snacks there are ④________！
Shuanglin Temple ·It's so ⑤________ out there；
·Some of those sculptures were very ⑥_____________.
Paul ·When he walked into the old city, he felt so ⑦_______ and felt like walking into history；
·He just can't ⑧_____________ those beef noodles.
Ming and Qing
2,000 years
pretty big
amazing
peaceful
big and lifelike
amazed
get enough of
训练为重——能力提升多听说
一、听力仿真训练
听第1段材料，回答第1题。
1．What does the woman imply about the weather
A．It's unpleasant.
B．It's changeable.
C．It's comfortable.
听第2段材料，回答第2题。
2．When does the man promise to come back
A．In December.
B．In January.
C．In February.
听第3段材料，回答第3题。
3．Why does the man want to go to the park
A．To try snowshoeing.
B．To learn how to ski.
C．To enjoy horse riding.
听第4段材料，回答第4题。
4．What subject does the man like best
A．Physics.
B．History.
C．Math.
听第5段材料，回答第5题。
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．The man's daughter.
B．A birthday party.
C．A painting.
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Why will Pam go to China
A．To visit a friend.
B．To take a holiday.
C．To have a business trip.
7．Who knows better about China
A．Marcus. B．Brian. C．Pam.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．Why does the woman come here
A．To do sightseeing.
B．To attend a conference.
C．To experience life.
9．What does the man say about the Wawel Castle
A．It is popular.
B．It is far away.
C．It is easy to get in.
10．What will the woman do tomorrow evening
A．Go to U Louisa.
B．Visit the Wawel Castle.
C．Go dancing in Pod Baranami.
答案：1～5 BCCBC 6～10 BABAA
附：听力材料
(Text 1)
M：I really like your city. It is so clean. But is it always so cold and windy
W：Well, ①we have an old saying that says, “If you don't like our weather, just wait around about an hour.”
(Text 2)
W：②So you won't come back this week for the Christmas get together ...
M：Sorry, Maggie. Duty of the soldier, you know. ② I promise I'll be back in two months.
(Text 3)
W：Christopher, I heard you plan to visit Grand Teton National Park.
M：Yes.
W：I heard the park is a wonderland for cross country skiers, snowshoers and horse riding lovers. So why do you want to go there
M：③I always dream of riding a horse like a cowboy.
(Text 4)
M：④I like Tuesday best, because I can have a history lesson. It is my favorite subject.
W：History is fun, but I am interested in physics and math.
(Text 5)
W：Bill ⑤ That's a lovely oil painting in your sitting room.
M：I'm glad you like it. It's a birthday gift from my daughter.
W：Well, it's beautiful. Your daughter has a very good taste.
(Text 6)
W：Have you ever traveled to China, Brian
M：Yes. I have visited some beautiful places there during my business trips, such as Mount Huang, the West Lake and the Great Wall.
W：I heard Mount Huang is very famous.
M：You're right, Pam. It's one of the most popular tourist attractions in China.
W：⑥Well, I'll go to China during the summer vacation with my friend. Could you help us plan the trip
M：I'm afraid I'm not good at making it. ⑦Why don't you ask Marcus He's been there many times.
W：I see. Thank you all the same.
(Text 7)
W：Excuse me.⑧I've been attending the conference here, and tomorrow I've got a free day to do some sightseeing. Do you have any information about the city You know, places of interest to visit.
M：⑨Well, you really should visit the Wawel Castle. But you should get there early because there are always very long queues. It's not far from here.
W：Thanks. Oh, and one more thing. Are there any nice cafes or bars nearby
M：Well, the market square has lots of cafes and bars. You know, bars underground. If you like dancing, you could go to Pod Baranami tonight.
W：I don't know. I am not really interested in dancing.
M：What about jazz ⑩If you love jazz, you could go to the pub, U Louisa. There's live jazz or club music on Wednesdays.
W：⑩Sounds great. I think I will go there tomorrow evening. Thanks.
?加练新题型
Listen to Text 7 again and fill in the blanks.
visit the Wawel Castle
the Wawel Castle ·It is 1._______ from here.
·There are lots of cafes and bars in the 2.______________.
the woman ·She should get there early because there are always 3.__________
_______.
·She is 4.__________________ in dancing.
·She will go there 5._________________.
not far
market square
very long
queues
not really interested
tomorrow evening
二、看图表达训练
根据下面图片完成下列题目
1．Search for the Ancient Town of Phoenix and describe it briefly.
The Ancient Town of Phoenix is located in the southwest of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture，Hunan Province. Dating back to the times of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. It is now known as the most beautiful ancient town for its long history and well preserved appearances.The name of Phoenix town mainly derived from the Phoenix Mountain which is in a phoenix shape.
2．What do you think of the town
The town looks very pleasant with its old buildings, the river flowing through the town and the green trees.What's more, it's a small town with a long history.I'd like to go sightseeing there very much.
3．What should you do before visiting if you want to make your visiting more enjoyable
Find out more about the town's history and current attractions, including what to eat and how to get around.
I was eager/surprised to see/learn/hear that ...
我急于/惊讶地看到/了解/听说……
★eager adj.热切的；渴望的
[用法感知]
①She is eager for success.
＝She is eager to succeed.她渴望成功。
②(2020·浙江1月高考)If you are available and have the eagerness, please sign up for it by e mail.
如果你有时间和渴望，请通过电子邮件报名。
③“So what do you think will happen？” he asked eagerly.
“那么你认为将会发生什么事呢？” 他热切地问道。
④We are eager that the project should be started early.
我们渴望这项工程能早日着手进行。
[易混辨析] eager, anxious
eager 强调“对成功的期望”或“进取的热情”，含有积极向上的意思
anxious 强调“焦急；担心”，表示对结果感到不安
(3)选词填空：eager/anxious
⑦She is ______ to go to college, but _______about not passing the College Entrance Examination.
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
⑤The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager ____ knowledge and eager _________ (make) progress.
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑥We are eager to see your wonderful performances.
longing to see/looking forward to seeing
for
to make
eager
anxious(共7张PPT)
Opening Page—开篇·把握单元目标
单元素养解读
一、语言能力
听 能够通过上下文推测英语习语的含义。能够准确理解听力文本内容。
说 能够在日常交际中自然得体地表达兴奋、惊讶、失望等情感。
读 阅读记述英国历史及地理概况的说明性文本，有效获取和梳理信息。阅读和理解景物描写文段所蕴含的深层含义和作者情感，分析其语言特征和修辞手法。
写 能够对熟悉地点的景物等进行比较生动、细致的描写。
看 能够从地图中获取相关的地理文化信息。
二、学习能力
1．平时能够注意积累英语习语；在听的过程中，能够通过上下文推测英语习语的含义。
2．在阅读中，能够从地图中获取相关的地理文化信息，以提高读图的能力。
三、文化意识
1．了解中国、英国、俄罗斯、爱尔兰、巴西、希腊、埃及等多个国家的悠久历史和文化传统。
2．在了解的基础上，积极思考历史、文化和传统的重要性及现实意义。
四、思维品质
在理解听力、阅读文本的基础上，能够结合自己的生活和学习需要及相关历史文化知识等，观察和分析语言和文化现象，了解相关国家悠久历史和特色传统的文化内涵和现实意义，思考历史与现实的辩证关系。
主题佳句背诵
一、名言警句
教材名言 A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.—Marcus Garvey
深意解读 本单元的名人名言意为“一个不了解自己历史、起源和文化的民族，就如同一棵无根之树”。通过类比，形象地阐明了历史起源及其所蕴含文化的重要性
文化微语 历史是一个民族兴衰更替的见证；历史就像一面镜子，无论正确与否，它都可以给予客观的、真实的评价；历史凝聚着古代先贤的智慧。历史是照亮人类未来行程的智慧之光，对于社会和个人的发展具有重要的指导意义。学习历史可以增强文化认同感，重建民族自信心；学习历史可以形成正确的人生观和价值观。
二、相关佳句
1．Histories make men wise.
读史使人明智。
2．History is a mirror that illuminates reality and the future.
历史是一面镜子，它照亮现实和未来。
3．Our history is an invaluable legacy and deserves our pride.
我们的历史是一份无比珍贵的遗产，是值得我们自豪的。
4．Although the tradition of drinking tea dates back to 3000 BC in China, it was not until the mid 17th century in the UK that appeared the concept of “afternoon tea”.
虽然中国喝茶的传统能追溯到公元前3000年，但是直到17世纪中期英国才出现“下午茶”的概念。
5．Knowing that you're interested in the traditional Chinese culture and keen on learning more about it, I'm writing to offer my recommendation.
我知道你对中国传统文化很感兴趣，也热衷于了解更多的中国文化，所以我写信向你推荐。(共88张PPT)
Reading and Thinking—读思·发展思维品质
课时目标
1.理解学习历史对了解一个国家社会文化概况的意义，并能自己组织语言表达出来。
2.能够在语境中理解和学习文本中出现的新词汇。
一、背阅读单词——会认就行
1．kingdom n． 王国；领域
2．currency n. 通货；货币
3．military adj. 军事的；军用的
4．port n. 港口(城市)
二、背重点单词——写对才行
1．_______ adj. 最重要的；最高级别的
n. (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
2．________ adj. 附近的；邻近的
adv. 在附近
3．__________ vt. 占领；征服；控制
4．_______ n. 战役；搏斗
vi.&vt. 搏斗；奋斗
chief
nearby
conquer
battle
三、背拓展单词——活用才行
1．_______ n．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzled adj.困惑的；茫然的；迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的；令人费解的→puzzlement n. 迷惘；困惑
2．_______ vi.应在(某处)；适应→belonging n．归属感→belongings n. 财产；所有物
3．__________ n．防御；保卫→defend v．辩护；防御；保卫；防守
4．_____ adj.法律的；合法的→legally adv.合法地；法律上→illegal adj.非法的；不合法的
puzzle
belong
defence
legal
5．_________ vt.围绕；包围→surrounding adj.周围的；附近的→surroundings n．环境；周围的事物
6．_________ n．证据；证明→evident adj.清楚的；显而易见的→evidently adv.显然地；明显地；清楚地
7．____________ n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现；成功
8．________ n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt.位于；找出……的准确位置vi.定位；定居→located adj.位于；坐落在
9．___________ adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．迷住；深深吸引→fascinated adj.着迷的；被深深吸引的
surround
evidence
achievement
location
fascinating
四、背短语、词块——多积更行
1．____________ 把……和……连接或联结起来
2．_______________________ 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．_________ 导致
4．______________ 把……称作……
5．__________ 同(一样也)；和；还
6．_________ 属于
join ... to ...
break away (from sb./sth.)
result in
refer to ... as ...
as well as
belong to
7．_________ 接管；掌管
8．____________ 留下
9．____________ 追溯到
10．__________ 一直
11．_______________________ 留心；留意
take over
leave behind
date back to
all the way
keep your eyes open (for)
五、背重点句式——不背不行
1.
悟原句 So what is the difference between them, if any？(if any省略形式) 那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
写佳句 ____________, we hope to stay in the school dormitory, which will offer us more opportunities for cultural exchange with your students. 如果可能的话，我们希望能住在学校的宿舍里，这将会给我们提供更多的机会和你们的学生进行文化交流。
If possible
悟原句 Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. (everywhere引导状语从句) 英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。
写佳句 ______________________, everything was nearly destroyed. 人们无论朝哪里看，一切都几乎被毁了。
2.
Everywhere they looked
3.
悟原句 They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.(定语从句，修饰先行词the way) 他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
写佳句 Cities are interesting and beautiful, but their beauty is never ________________________. 城市很有趣，也很美丽，但它们的美永远不会是乡村的那种美。
the way the countryside is
悟原句 If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.[“keep＋宾语＋adj.(宾补)”结构] 用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
写佳句 Regular exercise is an important part of __________________. 有规律的锻炼是保持我健康的重要的一部分。
4.
keeping me healthy
第一遍 泛读通文意
WHAT'S IN A NAME
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain，England — many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group,
the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.,
[参考译文]
名为何物？
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——这些不同的名称是何意思，许多人感到困惑。那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
[句式释解]
句 what引导的从句作介词by的宾语，what在从句中作mean的宾语。
句 Getting to know ...是动名词短语作主语。
十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，苏格兰在十八世纪也加入进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
句 which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代指整个主句的内容。其中we have today是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the full name。
句 which引导的非限制性定语从句，代指整个主句的内容。
[句式释解]
同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰及北爱尔兰实行不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有自己的足球队，出征诸如“世界杯”之类的赛事！
[句式释解]
句 that引导的定语从句，修饰The four countries, that在从句中作主语。
句 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the same flag。
英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你更加深入地了解这一国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。第一族群是古罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国。他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。最后一个是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰，四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。诺曼人即为法国人，许多法语单词因此慢慢进入了英语。
句 不定式to explore作定语，修饰history。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰history，which在从句中作主语。
句 everywhere 意为“无论哪里”，引导状语从句。
句 who引导的定语从句，修饰four different groups of people, who在从句中作主语。
句 the Romans作The first group的同位语。
句 这是省略了关系代词that或in which的定语从句，修饰the way。
句 “have sth.done”结构，表示“让某事被做”。
[句式释解]
英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。学习这个国家的历史，你的英国之旅将更为愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站，是个不错的选择。伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。市内可供游览的历史遗址数不胜数，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存，引人入胜。用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
[句式释解]
句 “there be＋主语＋to do”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。
句 动名词短语作主语；“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(形容词)”结构。
句 as引导原因状语从句，从句中that引导定语从句，dating ...现在分词短语作后置定语。
第二遍 精读提素养
步骤一|先明文章主旨大意，知写了什么
The text is mainly about _______.
A．learning about British English
B．the origin of the British name
C．learning about a country through its history
D．the geography of the United Kingdom
答案：C
步骤二|再逐段精读文章，看怎样写的
阅读文章第一、二段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)What happened in the 19th century
A．The nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
B．The Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
C．The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
D．The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK.
答案：C
(2)True (T) or false (F)．
①All people are confused by what these different names mean. ( )
②Getting to know a little bit about British history will be helpful. ( )
③In the 18th century, Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. ( )
F
T
F
2．表达的技巧
(1)第2行中使用形容词confused，准确表达出人们对英国不同名称的困惑；第4行中用了省略句if any，使句子简洁、紧凑、重点突出、表达有力，并起到了引起下文的作用。
试翻译下面的句子：
Correct mistakes, if any.
如果有错，请改正。
(2)第15行中的resulted in用词精妙、贴切；第16行中以及第18行中还用了冒号，起到了解释说明的作用，使句意更加丰富。试翻译下面的句子：
This can result in better performance.
这能产生较好的性能。
阅读文章第三、四段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)Which of the following is the different area of the four countries
A．Flag. B．Currency.
C．Military defence. D．Legal systems.
(2)Who conquered England after the well known Battle of Hastings
A．The Romans. B．The Anglo Saxons.
C．The Normans. D．The Vikings.
答案：(1)D (2)C
(3)Why is each part of the UK called “a country”？
Although they cooperate in some areas, they have many differences, including education systems，legal systems and so on.
2．表达的技巧
(1)第三段使用了as well as, also, even等衔接过渡语，使句子层次清晰，衔接紧密；且第33行中用了感叹号，表达了强烈的感彩。
试写出下列各句中as well as的含义：
①She can play tennis as well as basketball.
②This will mean trouble as well as a waste of money.
③The child is lively as well as healthy.
④As well as walking, he likes fishing and shooting.
也；和
还
又
除……之外
(2)第37行中使用Almost，突出了在英国到处都可以看到四个不同民族留下的痕迹。第54行中使用slowly强调了法语词汇融入英语的过程。
阅读文章第五段，完成下列题目
1．文意的理解
(1)What's the author's attitude towards studying the history
A．Neutral. B．Indifferent.
C．Supportive. D．Doubtful.
答案：C
(2)Why should we learn about the history of a country
Because studying the history of a country will help solve your puzzle and make your visit much more enjoyable.
(3)Why is London a great place to start your visit
Because it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
2．表达的技巧
第59行和第67行中使用了“make/keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，既丰富了文章的内容，又增强了文章的可读性。
完成句子：
Take my overcoat and ___________________.
穿上我的大衣，它会让你暖和些。
it will keep you warm
步骤三读后理层次结构，析有何逻辑
课文标题“WHAT'S IN A NAME？”是特殊疑问句。它既能引起读者思考，又能吸引读者继续探究文章。通过本文的学习，学生既可以了解大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的由来，也能够了解英国形成的历史和一些文化传统。本篇文章的整体写作结构为“总—分—总”，先总述人们对英国为何有很多不同名称的困惑→再分述英国社会的历史发展进程→最后总结学习历史对深入了解一个国家的重要意义。
阅读技巧：阅读以时间顺序组织的说明文时，读者可以抓住文中表示时间的线索词，并把它们做成时间轴线，然后把时间与对应的事件联系起来，这样就能快速地理解文章了。
步骤四最后知选文意图，思有何价值
热爱历史文化
本文最后一段提到“There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.(英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是)”。历史文化指的是由特定的历史发展进程和社会遗产的沉淀所形成的文化。它是一个国家的瑰宝，在悠久的历史文化长河中经历过血与火的熔炼，凝聚着本国的无穷智慧，值得我们去学习和研究。了解历史文化，对我们理解相关国家的历史和传统的文化内涵及其蕴含的思维方式，具有重要意义。
请体会并记住下面的句子：
①History is the teacher of life.历史是生活的教师。
②History is the biography of nations and mankind.
历史是国家和人类的传记。
③Taking history as a mirror, one can know the rise and fall.
以史为镜，可以知兴替。
第一板块 单词和短语——点点清
1．Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
★puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑
[用法感知]
①I am in a puzzle about the matter.
＝I am puzzled with the matter.
我对这事迷惑不解。
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)What puzzles me most about the play is how we should use proper stage languages for different roles.
关于这部戏剧，最令我困惑的是我们应该如何为不同的角色使用合适的舞台语言。
③Frankly, these findings are a little puzzling to me.
坦白讲，这些发现让我有点迷惑。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④He looked ________ (puzzle), so I repeated the question.
⑤This letter ______ (puzzle) me, as we all know.
⑥I find the question _________ (puzzle)．
⑦(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Some parents will buy any high tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said _______ (puzzle)help children with math related skills.
puzzled
puzzles
puzzling
puzzles
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑧I was so confused that I could hardly arrange my thoughts. _______
2．Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
puzzled
★break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)He has broken away from the habit of being late.
他已经改掉了迟到的习惯。
②(2021·浙江6月高考)The truck my dad drove often broke down on the way, which made my dad in trouble.
我父亲驾驶的汽车常在路上出故障，这使我父亲陷入麻烦。
③There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house.
当时附近可能没有人看见他试图闯进那所房子。
④The firemen arrived shortly after the fire broke out.
火灾发生没多久，消防员就来了。
break in 打断；插嘴；强行闯入(不及物动词短语)
break into 突然开始；强行闯入(及物动词短语)
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生
break down 出故障；消除；分解；打破；垮掉
break up 分解；解散；(关系)破裂
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
⑤The boy was so angry that he broke away ______ his mother and ran away.
⑥As the President's car arrived, the crowd broke _____ loud applause.
⑦When the news came that the war broke_____, he decided to serve in the army.
⑧They can sometimes break ______ and you have to spend time mending them.
(2)完成句子
⑨The horse ________________ my horse pole and ran wildly.
这匹马挣脱了我的套马杆，狂奔起来。
from
into
out
down
broke away from
3．The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
★belong vi.应在(某处)；适应
[用法感知]
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
如果你打算在健身房锻炼，你和健身伙伴一定得在同一个健身房。
②(2020·天津5月高考)Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open minded to the evolution of your culture can provide.
许多人觉得他们需要一种文化归属感，而这正是研究自己的根源并对自己文化的演变持开放态度所能提供的。
③Please make sure you have all your belongings with you when leaving the plane.
请确保在下飞机时带好所有的随身物品。
轻巧识记
归纳点拨 belong to 属于；是……的一员
belonging n. 归属感
belongings n. (pl.) 所有物；财物
名师点津 belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，常用现在分词形式。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④No matter what happens, this thing belongs ____ me.
⑤As is known to us, China is a country _________ (belong) to the Third World.
⑥The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their ___________ (belong) when they leave the car.
(2)完成句子
⑦The tsunami destroyed a lot of equipment _________________________________.
海啸毁坏了许多当地穷苦渔民的设备。
to
belonging
belongings
belonging to the poor local fishermen
4．They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
★as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)Responsibility and reliability are necessary qualifications, as well as a friendly and outgoing personality.
责任和可靠性是必需的素质，友善和外向的性格也必不可少。
②He did well in the heats; hopefully he'll perform well in the final as well.
他在预赛中成绩很好，希望在决赛中他也有同样出色的表现。
③The teacher as well as his students was interested in the film.
老师和他的学生都对这部电影感兴趣。
[归纳点拨]
(1)as well as常在句中连接两个并列的句子成分(若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致)；
(2)as well“除……之外；也；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Many students as well as Tom _____ (be) present at the meeting.
(2)完成句子
⑤I can speak fluent English and I can speak French _______.
我会说流利的英语，也会说法语。
⑥You will always have the bad _________ the good in the world.
人生在世总是有苦有甜。
were
as well
as well as
★defence n．防御；保卫
[用法感知]
①(以文化人助写作)It is our duty to defend our motherland.
保卫祖国是我们的职责。
②What points can be raised in defence of this argument
有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？
③The soldiers defended bravely against enemies.
战士们奋勇抵御敌人。
归纳点拨 (1)defense(美)＝defence(英) n． 防守；防御；保卫；辩护
in defence (of) 保卫(……)；为……辩护
(2)defend vt. 防御；保卫；防守；辩护
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
defend sb. from/against 保护某人免受……
名师点津 defend的宾语是保护的对象，而against后接的是防御的对象。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Terrified, Elli and I tried all the bear ______________ (defend) actions we knew.
(2)完成句子
⑤He gave his life ____________ his country.
他为保卫祖国而献出了生命。
⑥This medicine helps the body _______________________ some kinds of infections.
这种药有助于身体防御一些种类的传染病。
defense/defence
in defence of
defend itself against/from
5．Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。
★surround vt.围绕；包围
[用法感知]
①Once upon a time, a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings.
从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
当他看到河面上升起的薄雾和围绕着山顶的柔软的云团时，他流下了眼泪。
③Our school is beautiful. Our teaching building is surrounded with trees and flowers.
我们学校环境优美。教学楼被花草树木簇拥着。
(1)surround ... with/by ... 以……包围……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④They surrounded the sick girl _________ every comfort.
⑤I found myself __________ (surround) by a group of children full of curiosity.
⑥Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful ____________ (surround)．
⑦The ____________ (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
(2)完成句子
⑧I saw an old farmer _____________________________.
我看见一位老农被一群学生团团围住。
with/by
surrounded
surroundings
surrounding
surrounded by a lot of students
★evidence n．证据；证明
[用法感知]
①(2022·全国乙卷)For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures.
有很长一段时间，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是一种完全的“以自我为中心的”生物的证据。
②There's some evidence that computers have become part of college students' life.
有些证据表明，计算机已经成为大学生生活的一部分。
③From the beginning, it was evident that this boy had a gift for writing.
显然，这个孩子从一开始就表现出写作方面的天赋。
④She walked slowly down the road, evidently in pain.
她沿路慢慢地走着，显然很痛苦。
归纳点拨 (1)There is some/no evidence that ... 有/没有证据证明……
(2)evident adj. 清楚的；显而易见的
It's evident that ... 很明显……
(3)evidently adv. 显然地；明显地；清楚地
轻巧识记
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
⑤At present we have no ________ (evident) of life on other planets.
⑥__ is evident that his house was completely destroyed in the earthquake.
(2)词汇复现(替换加黑词汇)
⑦She never complains, but she's obviously exhausted. ____________
(3)完成句子
⑧_______________________ outdoor activities are good for us.
有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。
6．Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。
evidence
It
evidently
There's some evidence that
★achievement n．成就；成绩；达到
[用法感知]
①I've achieved only half of what I'd hoped to do, so I can not celebrate the achievements I've made although everyone said I should feel a sense of achievement.
我原本希望做的只做到一半，因此我不能庆祝自己所取得的成绩，尽管每个人都说我应该有成就感。
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.
在你的日记中翻开某一页，列出你的优势和成就。
(1)a sense of achievement 成就感
(2)achieve vt. 完成；达到
vi. 成功
achieve one's success 获得成功
achieve one's goal 达到某人的目标
[归纳点拨]
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③The start of a new year is a good time to reflect on the many _______________ (achieve) of the past.
(2)完成句子
④It takes hard work to _____________________.
要取得最终的成功需要努力工作。
⑤She hoped to _______________ to become a doctor.
她希望实现自己的目标，成为一名医生。
achievements
achieve the final success
achieve her goal
第二板块 句式和语法——句句通
1．So what is the difference between them, if any
那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
[归纳点拨]
(1)句中的if any是if there is any difference的省略形式。if any 为省略句式，意为“如果有的话”， if 用作连词。
①Please let me know how many are coming, if any.
如果有人要来的话，请让我知道有多少。
(2)if not“如果不这样的话”。
②Are you pressed for time If not, I suggest we have lunch.
你时间紧吗？如果不紧的话，我建议我们一起吃午饭。
(3)if so“如果这样的话”。
③(2020·天津7月高考)Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library？If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.
你有一段时间没有去公共图书馆了吗？如果是这样，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。
(4)if ever“如果曾经有的话”。
④She seldom, if ever, goes to the theatre.
如果曾经有的话，她也很少去看戏。
(5)if necessary“如果有必要的话”。
⑤If necessary, you might call to ask for a break.
如果有必要，你可以打电话请假。
(6)if possible“如果有可能的话”。
⑥If possible, often tell her your feelings about the things around you.
如果可能的话，经常告诉她你对周围事物的感受。
[应用融会] (完成句子)
⑦Will you get a free evening next week _____, let's have a dinner.
下周你会有一个晚上的空吗？如果有，让我们一起吃顿饭吧。
⑧Is everybody feeling cold _______, let's open the window.
大家感觉冷吗？如果不冷，让我们把窗户打开吧。
⑨___________, you can turn to me.
如果有必要的话，你可以向我求助。
⑩Please try to find out the differences between the two words.______, speak it out.
请试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有，大声说出来。
If so
If not
If necessary
If any
2．Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”．
大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。
[感知将学语法]
句中shortened是过去分词作前置定语。过去分词还可作后置定语和宾语补足语。
①They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
②They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.(过去分词作宾语补足语)
在英国周围，他们四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
3．They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
[归纳点拨]
(1)the way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作方式状语。
①(以文化人助写作)Treat others in the way (in which/that) you want to be treated.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
(2)the way后接定语从句时，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。
②The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.
在会议上提出的方法不切实际。
(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可接不定式或of doing sth.形式。
③Can anybody think of a way to raise money
谁能想出个集资的办法？
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④We must find a way ________ (solve)the problem of environmental pollution before it's too late.
(2)完成句子
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)After a while, she apologized for the way ___________________
__________.
过了一会儿，她为自己一开始的行为方式道歉。
⑥I don't like the way ____________________________.
我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。
to solve
she behaved at the
beginning
in which/that she speaks to you
4．If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
[归纳点拨]
keep your eyes open中的open是形容词，作宾语补足语。“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的常用结构：
(1)keep＋n./pron.＋现在分词
①Next, keep the conversation going by asking questions to show interest.
接下来，通过问问题来表达你的兴趣，让对话继续下去。
(2)keep＋n./pron.＋过去分词
②The TV program Readers was so exciting that all the students kept their eyes fixed on the screen.
电视节目《朗读者》很令人兴奋，所有的学生都目不转睛地盯着屏幕。
(3)keep＋n./pron.＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语
③It can prevent us from getting short sighted and it can keep us physically healthy.
它能够使我们预防近视，而且能使我们保持身体健康。
[名师点津] 在“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，现在分词与宾语之间为主动关系，过去分词与宾语之间为被动关系。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④I'm really sorry to have kept you _______ (wait)for so long.
⑤I hope you will keep me __________ (inform)of your progress with your work.
(2)完成句子
⑥I was too tired ___________________.
我累得眼睛都睁不开了。
⑦A bad cold kept him ________________.
一次重感冒使得他卧床一周。
waiting
informed
to keep my eyes open
in bed for a week
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The UK's full and official name is “the United _________ (王国) of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”．
2．Mr Green was appointed ______ (最高级别的；首席的) engineer of the project.
3．He asked a number of _______ (附近的) people for water.
4．The Beatles were to leave Liverpool and _________ (征服) the world.
Kingdom
chief
nearby
conquer
5．Tobacco is a major foreign _________ (货币) earner.
6．When the freshmen are admitted into a high school, they will have a _______ (军事的) training.
7．Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the _______ (战役；战斗) to rid the world of hunger.
8．It is a beautiful ______ (港口) city with a fascinating scene.
currency
military
battle
port
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The _________ look on her face suggested she was ________ at the ________ maths problem. (puzzle)
2．There were a number of _________ (locate) where the kings of Egypt built pyramids.
3．Looking back, Diana owes her ____________ (achieve) to the goal she set, and above all, the efforts she made.
4．You are not _______ (legal)bound to answer these questions.
puzzled
puzzled
puzzling
locations
achievements
legally
5．Our milk powder is especially suitable for children under 6, as it helps a lot to build the body's natural ________ (defend)．
6．Hangzhou is based around the West Lake, which _____________ (surround) by green hills.
7．There's a ___________ (fascinate) drive marked out for tourists.
8．What _________ (evident) was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out
defence
is surrounded
fascinating
evidence
join ... to ...， belong to， break away from， as well as， result in， take over， date back to， make changes， ?keep your? eyes open for， add to
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world, earthquakes often ________ many people being injured or killed.
2．Some animals are put in danger when people __________ their habitats.
3．The caves over there ____________ early Viking times in about 800 AD.
4．I can _____________ if I want, but I don't want to.
result in
take over
date back to
make changes
5．____________ going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets.
6．It is a day that __________ everyone, and it is celebrated in most countries of the world.
7．Be brave enough to _________________ the crowd and make room for what really matters in your life.
8．The highway has ________ our village __ the city.
9．The bad weather _________ our difficulties.
10．_____________________ a boy in a red cap and sweater.
As well as
belongs to
break away from
joined
to
added to
Keep your eyes open for
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．他想出的防止空气污染的方法非常好。(定语从句)
The way _______________________ to prevent the air pollution was very good.
2．他们去哪里，哪里就有成群的人围着他们。(everywhere)
____________________, there would be crowds of people surrounding them.
3．读书让你的思维活跃和敏锐。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Reading ______________________________.
4．如果有的话，请帮忙纠正我的错误。(省略句)
Please help correct my mistakes, _______ (＝if there is any mistake)．
5．你准时到达很重要。(It be＋adj.＋that ...)
__________________ you arrive on time.
(that/which) he thought of
Everywhere they went
keeps your mind fresh and sharp
if any
It is important that
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined 1.__________ (create) the Kingdom of Great Britain. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, 2._______ resulted in the full name we have today. They use the same flag, 3.________ (know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military 4._________ (defend). However, they also have some differences.
to create
which
known
defence
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore. Some of the Romans' great 5.______________ (achieve) included 6._________ (build) towns and roads. The Normans conquered England after the well known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes 7.__ the legal system.The Normans were French, so many French words 8._______ (slow) entered into the English language.
Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more 9.__________ (enjoy). If you keep your eyes open, you will be 10.___________ (surprise) to find that you can see both its past and its present.
achievements
building
to
slowly
enjoyable
surprised
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)(共50张PPT)
Reading for Writing—读写·体现学以致用
课时目标
1.生动、细致地描写所熟悉地点的景物，并恰当地表达自己的感受。
2.通过描写自己熟悉的、有趣的、令人兴奋或惊讶的地点，反思和探索国内，尤其是身边景点的历史文化价值，挖掘并了解其相关历史文化传统，同时表达自己的感受和情感。
课文语基积累
(一)背重点词汇
1．_______ n． 诗人
2．________ n. (英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
3．_______ n. 盛宴；宴会；节日
4．_____ vi.&vt. (使)翻滚；(使)滚动
n. 卷(轴)；翻滚
poet
county
feast
roll
5．_____ n. 点；小(圆)点
vt. 加点；遍布
6．______ n. 牛
7．_____ vi.&n. 吼叫；咆哮
8．______ n. 大海；海洋
9．______ n. 气味；气息
10．_____ vt. 问候；迎接
11．_____ n. 酒吧；酒馆
12．______ n. 葡萄酒；果酒
dot
cattle
roar
ocean
scent
greet
pub
wine
13．______ n. (一杯)啤酒
14．_____ n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)
vt.&vi. 炖；煨
15．_________ n. 风俗；习俗；习惯
16．_________ adj. 感觉的；感官的
17．_________ adj. 引人注目的；显著的
18．__________ n. 过渡；转变；变迁
19．______ n. 人群；一群人；民众
vt. 挤满；使……拥挤
beer
stew
custom
sensory
striking
transition
crowd
(二)背经典句式
1．The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
2．And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first hand.
向友善的当地人做个自我介绍，你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。
写作素材积累
(一)背写作词汇
1．be located in ... 位于……
2．have a history of 有……的历史
3．enjoy a delicious snack 享受美味的小吃
4．have a great influence on 对……有巨大的影响
5．experience local culture and customs 体验当地的文化和风俗习惯
6．not only ... but also ... 不但……而且……
7．beyond description 难以描述
8．the beautiful scenery and fresh air 美丽的风景和新鲜的空气
9．enjoy the scenery of nature 欣赏自然美景
10．make sb. unwilling to leave 使某人流连忘返
(二)背写作佳句
1．常用开头句(概括描述)
①As is known to all, Mount Hua is famous for its breathtaking cliffs and its unique characteristics.
众所周知，华山以它险峻的悬崖和独一无二的特征而出名。
②Mount Tai, located in Shandong Province and covering an area of 426 square kilometres, is the first of China's Five Great Mountains.
泰山位于山东省境内，占地约426平方千米， 是中国五岳之首。
③The West Lake is undoubtedly the most renowned feature of Hangzhou, which is famous for its scenic beauty that blends naturally with many famous historical and cultural sites.
西湖无疑是杭州最著名的特色。它以许多著名的历史文化景点与自然融合的优美风景而著称。
2．常用中间句(细节描写)
①On arriving at the top of the hill, we were deeply attracted by the beautiful scenery.
一到达山顶，我们就深深地被这里的美丽风景所吸引住了。
②Standing on the top of the mountain, the temple has witnessed many changes in this area.
坐落在山顶的寺庙见证了这个地区的许多变化。
③When I was bathed in the sunlight, it felt like the amber like sunshine was kissing every inch of my skin.
当我沐浴在阳光下时，就像琥珀色的阳光亲吻着我的每一寸肌肤。
④Mist covered mountains were dotted with small farms and villages.
雾蒙蒙的山上点缀着小农场和村庄。
⑤A sense of cleanliness caresses the atmosphere, washing away all impurities. A dense earthly sweet smell rises from the ground, enveloping everything within its soft embrace.
清新的感觉抚慰着空气，洗去了所有的杂质。一股浓郁的泥土般的香味从地上升起，把一切都包裹在它柔软的怀抱里。
⑥The sound of my footsteps was accompanied only by the gracefully waving reeds.
只有优雅地随风飘扬的芦苇伴随着我的脚步声。
3．常用结束句(感受或建议)
①To experience it all yourself, you'd better choose to stay in a local home.
要想亲自体验这一切，你最好选择待在当地人的家里。
②If you are lucky, you can also see various folk performances, such as lion dancing.
如果幸运的话，你还可以看到各种民间表演，比如舞狮。
③You are sure to enjoy yourself by experiencing the deep culture and fascinating traditions of this place.
您一定会享受到这个地方深厚的文化和迷人的传统。
(三)背续写佳句
读后续写微技能之“动作描写——看”
1．I quickly stole a look at Dad.
我赶紧偷偷地看了爸爸一眼。
2．I looked across to see Betsy coming toward me.
我朝对面望去，看见贝琪朝我走来。
3．Ali opened a box and a thing caught her eye.
艾丽打开一个盒子，一个东西引起了她的注意。
4．Seeing me unable to move, she yelled for help.
看到我动弹不得，她大声呼救。
5．I wonder if they were secretly watching me from the window.
我想知道他们是不是在偷偷地从窗户里看着我。
6．I stole a glance at Chris and spotted a flicker of disappointment in his eyes.
我偷偷看了克里斯一眼，发现他的眼睛里闪烁着失望的光芒。
7．Taking a deep breath, I kept concentrating on the action in front of the mirror and did better.
深吸一口气，我继续集中精力于镜子前的动作，做得更好了。
8．Looking around, I saw a lovely young woman playing a very nice grand piano.
环顾四周，我看到一位可爱的年轻女子正在弹奏一架非常漂亮的大钢琴。
9．My mother and I were fixed on the little angel on stage.
我和妈妈都盯着舞台上的小天使。
10．The whole family of us were all staring at our little boy, hoping he would cheer up and act out his part.
我们全家人都盯着我们的小男孩，希望他能振作起来，表演他的角色。
11．But I casually turned around and caught mother still shaking her head in disbelief.
但我不经意地转过身，发现母亲仍在不相信地摇头。
12．Tom rubbed his eyes and stared. Once he caught sight of the boat, he was also lit up.
汤姆揉了揉眼睛，凝视着。一看到那条船，他也高兴起来。
13．Papa and I sat on the lawn, appreciating everything around us, from tiny flowers to cloudless sky.
爸爸和我坐在草坪上，欣赏着周围的一切，从小花到万里无云的天空。
14．George was dumbfounded and I could see tears in his eyes as he choked out a shaky thank you.
乔治目瞪口呆，我可以看到当他哽咽着说谢谢时眼里含着泪水。
写作项目——Describe a place that you like
本单元的写作项目是“描述喜欢的地方”，要求比较生动、细致地描写所熟悉地点的景物，并恰当地表达自己的感受。为突出“描写”，建议从视觉、听觉、触角、嗅觉的角度进行描写。一个地点的景物描写不仅能引导读者跟作者一起欣赏美丽的风景，使读者产生身临其境的感受，还能启迪人的思想，陶冶人的情操，给人以美的感受。
由课文学写作范式(写得“像模像样”)
(一)课文范式提炼
(二)常用范式推荐
常见的地点描写类文章多数是地点介绍、旅游景点推介。其常见的写作结构是：
由课文学亮点表达(写得“韵味十足”)
?学亮点表达
1．文章倒数第三句中Better yet用得非常灵活和巧妙，yet 是副词，与比较级连用加强比较程度，意思是“更好的是”，突出了爱尔兰传统特色美食——炖牛肉。
2．文章最后两句连用两个if引导的状语从句：If you're lucky ...；if you introduce yourself to ...可看出作者非常希望读者能感受当地的风俗习惯。
[微点写作] (完成句子)
①Or_________, close your eyes, and focus on your breathing.
或者更好的是，闭上眼睛，集中精力于你的呼吸上。
②______________________________, please telephone our teacher.
如果你想知道更多，请给我们老师打电话。
better yet
If you want to know more about it
?学写作手法
本文是一篇景物描写，作者从旅行者的角度将爱尔兰乡村的景致、自身感受与当地风土人情融为一体，内容丰富，语言优美，短小精悍。作者生动地描述了乡村美景和风土人情在视觉、嗅觉、味觉、听觉和触觉等方面给人们带来的直观感受，对丘陵、大海、群山进行了惟妙惟肖地描写。作者运用这些丰富细腻的手法，将爱尔兰乡村清新浓郁的文化气息描绘得栩栩如生。同时，字里行间流露出对爱尔兰乡村的喜爱之情。
本文采用了And down by the sea, On a quiet morning, With all this beauty等连接句子，使文章衔接自然，语意顺承。
[微点写作] (完成语段)
③A light shone_______________, the sun shone softly on him, and he lay quietly reading ___________.
一丝光亮从树丛中透露出来，柔和的阳光照在他身上，他静静地躺在草地上读着书。
through the trees
on the grass
[应用体验]
暑假里，妈妈带你去江南旅游，江南美丽的风景至今令你无法忘记。请对江南美景进行描述，让读者跟你一起欣赏美丽的风景。
根据提示完成下面短文，选择合适的句子并认真抄写在文中空白处。
Jiangnan scenery
In the summer vacation, my mother took me to travel to Jiangnan. Jiangnan is really beautiful! I still can't forget the beautiful scenery.
One morning, 1._____________________________. At that time, the deep blue of the river seemed to be the blue eyes. In a little while a golden light appeared at the junction of the sky and the water, and the sky became very red. 2.___________________________In the sky, the sun seemed to be carrying a heavy
burden like rising bit by bit, finally jumped out of the water, a dazzling ray of light, which made people not open their eyes. At this time, as long as we raised our heads 3. __________________________.
The flowers by the river seemed to have been tinted by the sun: orange, red, pink, amaranth. 4. _________________________At this time, the golden canna was set off by the blue river, so sweet and charming. Seen from a distance, it looked like a blue silk ribbon.
Jiangnan scenery is so beautiful, so people linger on!
A．we could see the geese flying freely in the sky
B．I was watching the sunrise by the river
C．They opened up to us with a big smile.
D．The white clouds were also dyed red.
答案：1～4 BDAC
1．On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
山里宁静的早晨，感受阳光洒落在你身上，呼吸着鲜花的芬芳，而鸟儿则用清晨的歌声迎接新的一天的到来。
★greet vt.问候；迎接
[用法感知]
①(2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello.
当Ginni Bazlinton到达南极洲时，她发现自己受到一群渴望打招呼的巴布亚小企鹅的欢迎。
②He nodded to me in greeting when I went into the room.
当我走进房间时，他向我点头致意。
轻巧识记
归纳点拨 (1)greet sb. 迎接/问候某人
greet sb. with ... 用……问候/迎接某人
be greeted with/by sth. 对某事做出某种反应
(2)greeting n. 问候；招呼；祝词
nod to sb. in greeting 向某人点头致意
a greeting card 贺卡
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
③He greeted his teacher ______ “Good morning”．
④They exchanged _________ (greet) and sat down to lunch.
(2)完成句子
⑤He ___________________ warmly as they arrived.
客人到达时他都热情接待。
⑥I opened the box and saw a piece of crystal snowflake with ___________________ “Happy Birthday”.
我打开盒子，看见一张有一片水晶雪花的贺卡上写着“生日快乐”。
with
greetings
greeted all the guests
a greeting card saying
2．What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs
体验中国传统和习俗的最佳方式是什么？
★custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯
[用法感知]
①(2021·全国甲卷书面表达)It is also a Chinese custom to stick paper cuttings on windows during festivals.
节日时，在窗户上贴剪纸也是中国的一个风俗。
②It is said that social customs and habits may contribute to the difficulty in learning a foreign language.
据说社会风俗习惯可能会增加学习外语的难度。
③It's the custom to bring a birthday gift as you have done. Is it the same in your country
像你做的这样带生日礼物是一种风俗，在你们国家也是一样的吗？
归纳点拨 customs and habits 风俗习惯
an old/ancient custom 一种旧的/古老的习俗
a local custom 一种当地的风俗习惯
It's the custom (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是一种习俗
名师点津 复数customs还专指“海关；关税”。a customs officer “一名海关官员”。
[易混辨析] custom, habit
custom 指一个国家、一个地区或社会许多人长期形成的“风俗，习俗”；表示“习惯”时，与habit同义
habit 指一个人的“习惯；习性”。eating habits“饮食习惯”
[应用融会]
(1)完成句子
④He must be a newcomer to town and he obviously didn't understand ________________.
他肯定是新到镇上的，显然不了解我们当地的习俗。
our local customs
⑤It ___________________ to hold a party to celebrate the harvest every year.
每年举行聚会来庆祝丰收已成为一种习俗。
⑥_____________________________ to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.
中国人在春节期间吃水饺是一种习俗。
(2)选词填空：custom/habit
⑦The celebration of the Spring Festival in China is a _______.
⑧He has formed a good _____ of studying since an early age.
has become a custom
It is a custom for Chinese people
custom
habit
3．It was very crowded.
它是非常拥挤的。
★crowd adj.拥挤的；挤满人(或物)的
[用法感知]
①(2020·浙江1月高考)His parents nodded, and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents.
他的父母点了点头，看着他消失在数百名学生和家长的人群中。
②Happy memories crowded in on me as I looked at the photographs.
当我看到这些照片的时候，幸福的记忆涌上我的心头。
③The room was crowded with people dearest to her and the warmth and love were felt instantly.
房间里挤满了她最亲近的人，她立刻感到了温暖与爱。
归纳点拨 (1)crowd vt. 挤满；使……拥挤
crowd into/out of 挤进/挤出
crowd in (on sb.) (想法、问题等)涌上(某人心头)；涌入(某人脑海)
be crowded with ... 挤满了……
(2)crowd n. 人群；一群人；民众
a crowd of 一群；一伙；一堆
crowds of 成群的……；许多
(3)crowded adj. 人(太)多的；拥挤的
语境串记 The crowd crowded into the stadium which was crowded with audience. 人群挤进体育馆里，里面挤满了观众。
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
④Hundreds of people crowded ______ the nearby church for the wedding.
⑤Too many wonderful thoughts were crowding ___ on her.
⑥In __________ (crowd) places like airports and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage.
(2)完成句子
⑦The studio ________________________.
演播室里挤满了来访者。
⑧In the courtyard of a farmhouse, there are a herd of cattle and _________________.
在一个农舍的院子里，有一群牛和一群人。
into
in
crowded
was crowded with visitors
a crowd of people
语基综合训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She was a _____ (诗人) and expressed her feelings in the form of poetry.
2．Before you leave home for a ______ (宴会), have a small, low fat snack.
3．They raised pigs, _______ (牛) and sheep, and planted corn, fruits and wheat.
4．She painted little black ______ (圆点) for the tiger's eyes.
5．There are great views of the ______ (海洋) from the windows.
poet
feast
cattle
dots
ocean
6．Every city has its own set of traditions and _________ (习俗)．
7．______ (酒馆) serve alcoholic and other drinks, and often also food.
8．I've got white _____ (葡萄酒), coffee, green and black tea, orange juice and cola.
9．The fire took place as _______ (人群) of people were shopping.
10．The dog easily picked up the ______ (气味) of the murderer.
customs
Pubs
wine
crowds
scent
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When I learned that he was ill, I sent him a ________ (greet) card.
2．He drove the car so fast，________ (roar) down the highway.
3．When it comes to technology, the mobile phone is a ________ (strike) example.
4．England has many _________ (county) and each one has its own charm.
5．We watched the waves ________(roll) onto the beach.
greeting
roaring
striking
counties
rolling
6．Malaysia __________ (dot) with plains, forested hills and mountains that cover both east and west Malaysia.
7．Women officers make ___ 13 percent of the police force.
8．Some programs on television may have a bad influence __ children.
9．The old man sat down near me and ordered __ beer.
10．Could you stop ___ the store on the way home for some bread
is dotted
up
on
a
by
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．_______________ a new engine would be required.
可能需要一台新的发动机了。
2．_____________________, we all went home.
事情得到了解决，我们都回家了。
3．___________________________________________, don't ever change.
如果你很幸运能够与别人不同，不要改变。
4．He thinks that __________________________ is to listen to the natives.
他认为学英语最好的方法是听本地人说话。
It was likely that
With the matter settled
If you're lucky enough to be different from others
the best way to learn English
写作专项训练
Ⅰ.应用文写作
假定你是红星中学高一学生李华，上周你们班级进行了社会实践活动，参观了故宫和长城。请就你所参观的一处景点写一篇英文报告，内容包括：
1．景点的简介；
2．将此景点作为实践活动基地的优缺点；
3．你对到此景点参观的建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Located in the northwest of Beijing, the Great Wall is a famous tourist attraction, with a history of more than 2,000 years.
On one hand, there are some good things about choosing the Great Wall as a base for the study tour. The Geat Wall, which served as a protective barrier against the enemies in ancient times, is an ideal place for students to learn more from its rich history.
On the other hand, there are still some disadvantages. As a world famous scenic spot, the Great Wall attracts many travelers every day, so it can be crowded especially on weekends.
In conclusion, the Great Wall is a good choice. However, avoid going there on weekends, for there will be a large number of visitors at that time. Besides, wear comfortable shoes and clothes as they will give you an easier time there.
Ⅱ.读后续写(基础性)
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。词数80左右。
A painter living by painting portraits (肖像) was leading a poor life.
One day, a woman came by. She liked the paintings very much and asked the painter to draw a portrait for her. They agreed on 2,000 dollars.
Before painting the portrait, the woman asked the painter to draw more jewels. The painter curiously asked why, but the woman refused to explain. After a week, the portrait was done and the woman came to take the painting. At this moment, she hit on an evil idea of bullying the unknown young artist. She thought, “The portrait is me. If I don't buy the painting, nobody will buy it. Why should I
pay so much money？” So the woman said to the young painter, “I will only pay 200 dollars for it.”
The young man was surprised, for he had never come across such an experience. He strongly argued with her, expecting this woman to keep the agreement.
“I can only pay 200 dollars to buy the painting，” the woman thought she would win for sure.
The young painter knew the woman broke her promise on purpose, so he felt annoyed. He said in a firm voice, “No, I would prefer to keep this painting rather than be humiliated (羞辱) by you. Today you break your word and some day you must pay 20 times for it.”
“What a joke! 20 times will be 40,000! I won't be stupid to pay 40,000 dollars to buy the painting！”
“Well, we'd better wait and see，” the young artist shouted to the woman who left angrily. After the stimulation (刺激) of such an incident, the painter moved out of this sad place, studied under acknowledged teachers and worked hard day and night. More than a dozen years later, he finally started a new way and became popular in the circle of art. However, the woman had forgotten the artist's painting and words the next day.
One day, that famous painter decided to hold an art exhibition at the very place. Present in the exhibition hall were crowds of celebrities and artists. It was a feast in the circle of art. In the center was a painting entitled “Thief”， priced at
40,000 dollars. Strangely enough, the woman in the painting looked just the same as the vain woman in reality. Word spread and finally it reached the woman's ears. She recalled the incident and the painter. It dawned on her that the painter humiliated her in this way.
The woman went there hurriedly, apologized a million times and promised that she would buy her portrait as soon as possible.________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
The woman went there hurriedly, apologized a million times and promised that she would buy her portrait as soon as possible. The successful painter turned his back to her, speechless. With many visitors around, so embarrassed was she that she stood there clumsily, feeling the blood rush to her face. Then the painter turned around and handed her the portrait. Before the woman could pay her money, the painter explained that it was a gift for her, hoping she would be an honest woman without vanity. Anyway, for the painter, it was this incident that made him what he was today.
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
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