八年级下册 Unit 1-3（讲练学案）-2023年中考英语第一轮复习讲练测（人教版）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
八下Unit 1-3
一、重点短语
Unit 1
have a sore back / throat 背部/咽喉疼痛
have / catch a cold =have the flu 感冒；得了流感 have a （high）fever 发（高）烧
have a toothache 牙痛 have a headache 头疼 have a stomachache 胃疼；肚子疼
2.take one’s temperature 给某人量体温
3.cut oneself 切伤自己；cut off 切除 cut it/them off
4.shout for help呼救；shout at 向……喊；shout to 嚷
5.get off 下车；get on 上车；get it /them on (off)
6.to one’s surprise 使某人惊奇的是
7.have problems doing sth在干某事中有困难
8.be interested in 在……感兴趣
9.be used to doing sth 习惯于干某事；be used to taking risks
10.because of 由于
11. run out 用完；用光 run out of 把……用完
12.be in control of 掌管；管理
13.make a decision to do sth.下决心干某事
14.Thanks to +名词或代词 多亏；幸亏（多放在句首）
Unit 2
1.clean up 打扫（或清除）干净
2.cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来
3.give out 分发；散发
4.used to 曾经....；过去......
5.give away 赠送；捐赠
6.set up 建起；设立
7.make a difference 影响；有作用 make a difference to对......产生影响 to 为介词）
make no difference to “对......没有影响” （to 为介词）
8.come up with 想出；提出
9.put off 推迟
10.put up 张贴；搭建；举起
11.help out 帮助......摆脱困境
12.care for 照顾；非常喜欢
13.try out 参加......选拔；试用
e true 实现
15.take after（外貌或行为）像
16.fix up 修理；装饰
17.be similar to 与......相似
18.work out fine 奏效
19.raise money for “为......筹钱”
20.be excited about 对.....感到兴奋、激动
Unit 3
1.do the dishes=wash the dishes 洗碗
2.make your bed整理床铺
3.go to the movies去看电影
4. stay out late 呆到很晚
5. be angry with…对……生气
6. take the dog for a walk= walk dog溜狗
7. all the time一直
8.hang out with my friends和我朋友一起闲逛
9. a waste of their time时间的浪费
10.in order to do something为了做……
二、精讲精练
要点1 What’s the matter with you
（1）What’s the matter with you 常用此结构表示“你怎么了？发生什么事了？”类似表达还有：
What’s wrong with you
What happened to you
What’s the trouble
What’s up
(2)matter意为：“问题，麻烦”时，通常用单数形式，和the连用。matter 还是动词，意为“要紧，事关紧要”不用于进行时态
It’s doesn’t matter. 没关系。
as a matter of fact 事实上，说真的
1.问毛病：
①What’s the matter (with) … 怎么啦？
②What’s the trouble (with) …
③What’s wrong with …
④What happened
⑤Is there anything wrong with…
⑥Are you OK
2.回答+建议
①I have a cold. You should drink lots of water and rest.
②I have a cough and sore throat. You should hot tea with honey.
③I have a sore back. You should lie down and rest.
④I have a fever. You should take your temperature.
⑤I have a toothache. You should see a dentist and get an X-ray.
⑥I have a stomachache. You should lie down and rest.
You should eat less meat and take more exercise.
⑦I cut myself. You should put some medicine on it and put a bandage on it .
⑧No, I don’t feel well./ I feel… / I have a … Should I …
You should… / You shouldn’t …
【典例分析】
1.what’s the m______ with you computer
2. ----I’m sorry. I’m late.
----_________________(没关系)。
【答案】1.matter 2. It’s doesn’t matter.
3. ---Don you know _________________________ He looks unhappy.
---I’ve no idea. Maybe he didn’t pass his exams.
A. what’s the matter with Tom B. what’s wrong with Tom
C. what did happen to Tom D. what the trouble is with Tom
【答案】A句意：---你直到汤姆怎么了吗？他看上去很不高兴。---我不知道。或许他考试没通过。考查宾语从句的辨析。what’s the matter with……通常强调外部因素对人物情绪的影响；what’s wrong with……通常强调身体原因；C和D的语序不符合排除。故选A。
要点2 toothache，headache
器官名词后缀-ache表示部位疼痛
tooth+ache = toothache （牙痛）
head+ache = headache （头痛）
back+ache= backache（背痛）
stomach+ache = stomachache（胃痛）
ear+ache= earache （耳朵痛）
heart+ache= heartache（心痛）
（1）ache作名词，意为“痛；隐痛”。例如：
He felt a dull ache in his shoulder. 他感到肩膀隐隐作痛。
（2）作动词，意为“（身体某部位持续且较强烈的）疼痛”。例如：
My tennis elbow began to ache again. 我打网球的手肘又开始痛了。
【拓展】
ache表“疼痛”时，其主语是身体的某部位，而不是“人”。 例如：
My legs ache. 我脚疼。
表示身体部位痛的几种表示
以“头痛”为例，常见I have got a headache. =My head hurts/aches.
=I have a pain in my head
【典例分析】
1今天早晨起床时，我头疼得厉害。(用几种方法翻译下面句子)
My head ________ _______ when I got up this morning.
= I ______ _______ _______ in my head
=I have ________ _______ ________.
【答案】ached /hurt badly had a pain in a bad headache
2我刚才胃痛得厉害 (用几种方法翻译下面句子)
I had a bad stomachache just now.
= My stomach________ badly just now .
=I _______ _______ ______ in my stomachache just now.
【答案】ached had a bad pain
要点3 ill & sick
ill 作为形容词，意为“不健康的；有病的”，常作表语，指患病的或身体不舒服的。作定语时意为“品质、情况等坏的、糟糕的，或食物等有不良作用的”。 The young man has an ill temper. 年青人脾气很坏。【ill作定语】 一言辨异： Although Susan is ill, she is still looking after her sick grandmother. 虽然苏珊生病了，但是她还仍然在照顾生病的奶奶。
sick 作为形容词，意为“生病的”，指身体或精神上生病的，既可以作表语，又可以作定语。sick 还有"恶心的；厌倦的"之意
【典例分析】
1.用ill和sick填空
1）The boy doesn’t like to eat anything. He can be ________
2）Lucy’s mother is _________in hospital.
3）She’ll visit her _________mother after school.
4)The smell makes me________.
【答案】1.ill /sick 2.ill/sick 作表语2个单词都可以。 3.sick可以作定语，而ill不做定语。 4.sick 着重表示“恶心的“
2. He is also _______,but he is still taking care of another _______ man.
A. ill; ill B. sick; ill C. ill; sick
【答案】C .sick可以作定语，而ill不做定语
要点4 death dead die
dead形容词，意为“死的，失去生命的”，在句中可作定语或表语。
He was watching his dead cat when I came in.
当我进来时，他正在注视着他的死去的猫。
I’m afraid he is dead. 我恐怕他已经去世了。
die(v) 死亡 death(n) 死亡
die为不及物动词，意为“死”，其过去式为died，现在分词为dying。
More than three hundred people died in the air crash. 在这次飞机失事中有300多人死亡。
She is ill and I’m afraid she’s dying. 她病了，恐怕快要死了。
译：他的母亲去世5年了。
误：His mother died for five years.
正：His mother has been dead for five years.
拓展：
die of意为“因……而死”，一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。
die from意为“因……而死”，一般指由于外伤、事故等外因引起的死亡。
【典例分析】
1. —Do you know that Mr. Zhang passed by last week
—Yes. He died ________ illness.
A. of B. from C. with D. as
【答案】A
【解析】die of意为“因……而死”，一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。
2. The lamb ________ for quite some time.
A. has died B. die C. has dead D. has been dead
【答案】D
【解析】die 是非延续性动词。不能与一段时间连用。故要用表示状态的词。答案选D
3. —When did the old man ________？
—In 2006. He ________ for nearly ten years.
A. die; died B. die; has been dead C. dead; has died D. dead; died
【答案】B 应用现在完成时且动词用延续性动词
要点5 to one’s surprise
to one’s surprise “使某人惊讶的是”
例:To his surprise, the lost pencil is in his pencil-box.
使他吃惊的是，那支丢了的铅笔就在他的铅笔盒里。
知识拓展
1. to one’s+表示情绪的名词(如pleasure, surprise等)”表示“令某人......的是”通常用作插入语，放在句首，用逗号与其他部分隔开
2. in/with surprise/relief意为“惊奇地/欣慰地”，用作状语
例: Bill looked at me in surprise.比尔诧异地看着我。
【典例分析】
1. ______ his surprise, his teammates all nodded ______ agreement.
A. To, to B. For, with C. To, in D. With, with
【答案】C
【解析】句意：令他惊讶的是，他的队友都点头同意了。考查介词。短语to one’s surprise：使某人惊讶的是；in agreement：(作状语)表示同意, (作表语)持相同意见。结合句意可知填To, in；选C。
2. 令我惊讶的是，他的汉语说得非常好。
To ________ __________, he speaks Chinese very well.
【答案】my surprise. to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是。固定搭配。
要点6 thanks to
thanks to是介词短语，意为“多亏，由于”，thanks不可以改为thank you, to后接表示感谢的对象。
例如：
Thanks to the English language, we can learn a lot from other countries .
多亏英语语言,我们能从其它国家学到很多东西。
Thanks to your help, I got a good mark in the exam.
多亏你的帮助，我考试取得了好成绩。
辨析：thanks to 与thanks for
thanks to 介词短语意为“多亏；幸亏”，相当于because of /as a result of. to后可以接名词\代词或名词性短语。
thanks for 动词短语，意为“因……而感谢”for 后接感谢的原因，可以是名词或动词-ing形式。
【典例分析】
1.谢谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会.
_________ _______ ________us to your birthday party .
【答案】Thanks for inviting
2.幸亏汤姆，我找到了这么好的房子。
________ __________Tom, I found this great apartment.
【答案】Thanks to
要点7 accident
accident是名词，意为“事故，意外的事，偶然的事”。例如：
Two men died in the traffic accident. 两个人在这起事故中丧生了。
【拓展】
by accident = by chance 意为“偶然地，无意中地”。 例如：
He met one of his classmates in the street by accident.
在街上，他偶然遇到了他的一位同学。
【典例分析】
1.我父亲在火车站偶然遇到了他的一位老朋友。
My father met one of his old friends at the station _________ __________.
2. Luckily, he was not badly hurt in the a__________（根据首字母填词）
【答案】1.by accident 2.accident
3.I found Lisa's bag in the playground accident. I picked it up and returned it to her.
A. for B. with C. of D.by
【答案】D
【解析】by accident是固定搭配,意为“意外地”。
要点8 experience
（1）experience 作名词的用法 (1)经历，阅历（可数）
I had a rather odd experience the other day.前些天我有一次相当神奇的经历。
Please tell us about your experience in Africa.请跟我们说说你在非洲的经历。
（2）经验 +of/in）（不可数）
She had no experience of life at all.她毫无生活经验。
不可数名词 意为“经验” He has rich experience in teaching. 他在教学上有丰富的经验。
可数名词 意为“经历” My uncle has many unusual experiences. 我的叔叔有许多不寻常的经历。
【典例分析】
1.他有许多教学经验。
He has _________ ________in English teaching.
【答案】much experience 经验不可数名词。
2.In April，the weather in some places in Shanxi was really changeable. People still remember they have four seasons in a week.（山西）
A. organized B. experienced C. described
【答案】此题用词义辨析法。organize “组织”； experience “经历”； describe “描述”。根据句意“在四月，山西一些地方的天气真是多变。人们仍然记得他们在一周内 四个季节。”可知答案。
要点9
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，意思是现在不做了，主语常是人，当然也可以是能实施动作的动物等。 I used to get up early and took an hour's walk before breakfast. 我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事，主语也通常是人，但是也可以是能实施动作的动物等。“get used to doing sth.”相当于“be used to doing sth.”。 He is/gets used to living like this. 他习惯了这样生活。
be used for doing sth. 被用于做某
be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
【典例分析】
1.用 used to 和 be used to 的适当形式填空。
1. My uncle _____________ live in a big city， but he _________________ living in a village now.
【答案】used to is used to
2. I _________________ get up late when I was in the middle school.
【答案】used to
3. The child _________________ watch too much TV at night. So he has poor eyesight now.
【答案】used to
4. We students ___________________ doing morning exercises every day.
【答案】are used to
5. There _______________ be a beautiful park.
【答案】used to
要点10 own
own的用法
（1）作为形容词，意为“自己的”。
He had his own company by 25.他25岁时就有了自己的公司。
（2）作为动词，意为“拥有”。
I want to own a big house with three bedroom.
我想拥有一套三居室的大房子。
（3）其名词为owner,意为“所有权人；主人”。
The wallet must be returned to its owner.
钱包必须归还给它的主人。
辨析of one's own与on one's own
of one's own 意为“（某人）自己的”，一般用作定语。
on one's own 意为“独自”，一般用作状语，相当于by oneself。
【典例分析】
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的，所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house __________，and the house was built __________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
【答案】of his own 意为“（某人）自己的” on his own意为“独自” owner “所有权人；主人”
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
【答案】你晚上一个人到森林里去散步是很危险的。on one's own意为“独自”，符合题意。
要点11 run
run out of 主语通常是“人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器，意为“用完....”相当use up
（1）run out of 也可表示“从......跑出来"
The dog ran out of the room.
（2）run out 意为“用尽，耗尽”，其主语通常是被使用的事物，其后不接宾语。
His water soon ran out.
【典例分析】
1. —Jack, I think we need to buy a new car.
—Oh, no! We are ________________ out of money, you know
A. trying B. going C. getting D. running
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——杰克，我认为我们需要买一辆新车。——哦，不行！我们快要把钱花光了，你知道吗？try尝试，go out of从……出去，get out of摆脱，run out of花光，用完。根据Oh, no!可知，B不同意买一辆新车，因为钱快要花完了。故选D。
要点12 give out/ give away/hand out
give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give out 发出（光，热，声音等）/用完，耗尽
The sun gives out light and heat.
Our supplies are giving out.
give away意为“赠送;捐赠”，动副短语
The old man gives away some books to the poor children every year.
Give 构成的短语
give in 屈服 give back=return 归还
give a speech 发表讲话 give a report作报告
give sb. a call 给……打电话 give away to赠送给
give off发出（气体、热量、气味等） give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人
give up放弃 give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物
【典例分析】
1.—Do you think it’s popular to ________ red envelopes（红包）on Wechat during festivals
—Yes. But I prefer giving gifts to my family member.
A . give out B . give away C . give back D . give up
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你觉得在微信上发红包很流行吗？——是的。但是我更喜欢给我的家人送礼物。 考查动词短语辨析。give out分发，发出；give away赠送；give back归还；give up放弃。根据“red envelopes（红包）on Wechat during festivals”可知，此处指在微信上发红包，故选A。
要点13
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
（1）put up 是由“动词+副词”构成的动词短语，意为“张贴；公布”。例如:
The principal put up the exam result. 校长公布了这次考试的结果。
（2）put up 意为“提高；增加；抬高(租金、价格等)”。例如 ：
My landlord was threatening to put the rent up by 10 dollars a week.
我房东要挟说要把每周房租提高10美元。
Put构成的短语
put up挂；张贴；公布；举起；搭起；
put off 推迟 put away 收起来
put on 穿上；戴上；体重上升 put down 放下
put up with 忍受 put out 扑灭；熄灭
【典例分析】
1.—Jason, would you please this notice
—With pleasure.
put on B. put off C. put up D. put out
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——Jason,请你把这个通知 好吗 ——愿意效劳。put on“穿上”;put off“推迟”; put up “张贴”;put out“熄灭”。只有C项符合语境。
2. Tony bought a photo of his favourite sports star and________ on his bedroom wall.
A. gave it up B. found it out
C. looked it through D. put it up
【答案】D
【解析】句意：托尼买了一张他最喜欢的运动明星的照片，贴到他卧室的墙上。
考查动词短语。give up 放弃；find out找出来；look through浏览；put up张贴；根据on his bedroom wall可知，这里指贴在墙上。故选D。
要点14
come true意为“实现;成为现实”，其主语常为梦想、愿望或目标等。
I've always wanted to visit Beijing, so going there on vacation next week will be a dream come true for me.
His dream of becoming a teacher came true.
是否接宾语 用法
achieve 是 主语一般为“人”
come true 否 主语一般是“梦想；理想”
【典例分析】
1. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will ________.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve D. come on
【答案】B 句意：如果我们中国人一起努力，中国梦就会实现。Come true实现，成为现实。主语一般指“计划”“梦想，希望”等。Achieve one’s dream 实现梦想。主语一般指人。故答案选B
2. He wants to be a pilot. I think his dream will _____ in the future.
A. come in B. come out C. come over D. come true
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他想当飞行员。我认为他的梦想将来会实现。A. come in进来；B. come out出来；C. come over 战胜；D. come true实现。根据上文His wants to be a pilot.可知下文是说梦想实现。根据题意，故选D。
2.恐怕他的愿望很难实现。
I’m afraid his wish won’t __________ __________easily.
I’m afraid he won’t ___________ __________ _________easily.
【答案】come true achieve his dream
3. Even a small success can give you a sense of ______________ (achieve) .
【答案】achievement
要点15
1. neither +助动词/ be /情态动词+主语 表示上句否定的情况也适用于后者译为“...也不这样”。
如果主语是I，相当于Me neither.
The first one isn’t good, and neither is the second.
They didn’t come last night. Neither did I. / Me neither.
2. neither+可数名词单数, 谓语动词用三单。表示“两者都不”。
I think neither book is good.
3. neither +of +名词复数 谓语动词通常用三单。
Neither of the books is good.
4. neither …nor… 既不…也不… 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定(就近原则)
Neither Tom nor Jim is a student.
Neither Tom nor Jim plays sports every day.
【小试牛刀】
1. I have two sisters, but ________of them is a teacher.
A. all B. neither C. both D. none
2. —The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _______.
—That's so cool!
A. all B. both C. neither D. none
3. —Which magazine do you like better, Crazy Reading or Teen’s space
—I like ___of them. They are useful for English lessons.
A. none B. neither C. all D. both
4. －Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walkman
－_____. I prefer a portable computer.
A. Both B. Either C. None D. Neither
5. He speaks ______English ______French. Instead, he speaks German.
A either; or B not only; but also C both; and D neither; nor
要点16 waste
（1）waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。a waste of意为“浪费……”。
例如：
I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。
It’s a waste of time. 这就是浪费时间。
（2）waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。例如：
We shouldn’t throw waste paper about. 我们不应该乱扔废纸。
A factory is pouring waste water into the river. 一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。
（3）waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。 waste time / money (in)doing / on sth. 表示“在做某事上浪费时间 / 金钱”。
Don’t waste water! 不要浪费水。
【典例分析】
1. After dinner Mum asked me to throw the _______ in the bowls in the bag on the ground.
A. fly B. waste C. sand D. scarf
【答案】B。本题考查名词辨析。fly意为“苍蝇”，waste意为“废料；废弃物”，sand 意为“沙；沙子”，scarf
意为“围巾”，结合语境可知应选B。
2.We all need a healthy environment, but we produce every day and it is harmful to our environment.
A. dreams B. trouble C. problems D. waste
【答案】 D 本题考查名词辨析。句意:我们都需要一个健康的环境,但是我们每天产生垃圾,它对我们的环境有害。dream梦想;trouble麻烦;problem问题;waste垃圾。根据“它对我们的环境有害”可知选D。
3. 妈妈认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
Mum thinks it __________ __________ __________ __________ to play computer games.
【答案】a waste of time
要点17 hard和hardly
hardly和hard形式上很接近，但意义截然不同。
（1）hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。
hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”。例如：
This ground is too hard to dig.
这块地太硬，挖不动。
I work hard at school.
我在学校努力学习。
They tried hard to succeed.
他们努力工作，以求得成功。
【拓展】hard组成的常见词组有：
work hard at…“努力于……”；（hard作副词）
be hard on sb. 对某人苛刻；对某人要求严厉。（hard作形容词）。例如：
He is working hard at English.
他正在努力学习英语。
A good boss knows when to be hard on his employees.
一个精明的老板知道何时应对员工严格要求。
（2）hardly是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not，并非hard的副词形式。例如：
There is hardly any coffee left. = There’s almost no coffee left.
几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。
【典例分析】
1.—I have some trouble in learning maths.
—Take it easy, because we can __________avoid meeting problems in study.
A. always B. usually C. often D. hardly
【答案】D
【解析】always"总是";usually"通常";often"经常";hardly"几乎不"。结合语境可知此处指"难以"避免遇到问题,应用否定副词,故选D。
2. It rained ______. People could _______ go out.
A. hardly, hardly B. hard, hardly C. hardly, hard D. hard, hard
【答案】B
【解析】hard激烈地 猛烈地，努力地这里形容雨下的大用hard。hardly表示几乎不能。故选B。
要点18
borrow; lend和keep
(1) borrow是“借进”，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere结构，意为“从某人/某地借来某物”。例如：
He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他从银行借了很多钱。
(2) lend是“借出”，即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于lend sth. to sb. 或lend sb. sth.结构中，意为“借给某人某物”。
I don’t like to lend my TV set to Tom. 我不想把电视机借给Tom。
(3) keep 意为“保存”，是延续性动词，borrow是瞬间动词，如果与一段时间连用，要用keep代替borrow。例如：
Can I keep the book a little longer 我借这本书的时间能长点吗？
【典例分析】
1、用borrow, lend 和keep填空
（1）—Can I________ this book
—Yes, but you mustn’t ________ it to others.
（2）He a car from his friend , and went to the airport in a hurry.
（3）I have __________ the book for two weeks. I will return it to the library this afternoon.
【点拨】(1)borrow 借入 lend 借出。 （2）borrowed （3）kept 借多久。用keep
2. Linda called to________ my bike just now and she said she would return it to me on Friday morning.
A. lend B. borrow C. fix D. store
【点拨】B句意：琳达刚才打电话借我的自行车，她说星期五上午还给我。
考查动词辨析。A. lend 借（主语借出）； B. borrow借（主语借入）；C. fix 修理； D. store储藏；根据she said she would return it to me on Friday morning这里提到了归还，所以空格处应该是借。故选B。
3. —How long may I your bike
—For a week. But you mustn’t it to others.
A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow
【点拨】B
【解析】考查词语辨析。borrow意为“借入”;lend意为“借出”,lend sth.to sb.意为“把某物借给某人”;“借多长时间”用keep,为延续性动词。how long和延续性动词连用,故第一空为keep;由答语第二句句意“但是你不能把它借给别人”可知,第二空为lend。故选B。
要点19 depend
1)depend v.视……而定；决定(于)
Whether we start or not depends on the weather.
我们是否开始取决于天气。
2)常用短语depend on意为“依靠”，后接名词或代词，它的主语可以是人也可以是物，但含义不同。
人＋depend(s) on(依靠)；物＋depend(s) on(视……而定)。
The old man depends on his son. 那位老人依靠他的儿子。
Our plan depends on time. 我们的计划取决于时间。
拓展 that depends＝it all depends 那得看情况
【典例分析】
1 . —Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow
—Well, it all the weather.
A . gets on B . puts on C . tries on D . depends on
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我们明天去野餐好吗？——哦，这得看天气。A. gets on上车；B. puts on穿上；C. tries on试穿；D. depends on取决于。结合本题语境可知，D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
要点20 silent
silence n. 寂静；无声
in silence. 安静地
【拓展】silence的形容词形式是silent。keep silent＝keep in silence，意为“保持沉默”。
【典例分析】
1 . 用silence的适当形式填空
①I don't think you should keep ________ .
②She always sat in ________ and didn't say a word.
【点拨】①silent ②silence
2. None of them talked. They finished their meal in ________ .
A . silence B . order C . place D . public
【点拨】in silence 沉默地，无声地。前面说没人说话，故答案选A。
反身代词
反身代词是人称代词的反身形式，即主语发出的动作最后返回到自身。反身代词包括以下[8个]
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
反身代词有两种主要的用法:
a.作动词或介词的宾语。
The boy is too young to look after himself.
She said to herself, "What shall I do ”
b. 作主语或宾语的同位语。
I myself cook supper in the kitchen every day.
He made his students themselves clean the classroom.
某些动词常与反身代词连用：
(do sth. )by oneself 独自做某事=alone=on one’s own
dress oneself穿衣
help oneself to 随便吃…
enjoy oneself 玩得开心=have a good time=have fun
teach oneself 自学
hurt oneself 伤到自己
make oneself at home 不必拘束
devote oneself to 献身于
speak/talk to oneself 自言自语
say/think to oneself心里想
【典例分析】
一、根据句意，用正确的反身代词完成句子或对话。
1. Help___________( you) to some cakes, children.
【答案】yourselves
【解析】孩子们，吃点蛋糕吧。Help oneself 随便吃（喝）。。。。反身代词作宾语。
2. Those girls enjoyed___________ (they) at the park yesterday.
【答案】themselves
【解析】昨天那些女孩在公园玩得很开心。反身代词作宾语。
3. The film___________ (it) is very funny.
【答案】itself
【解析】这部电影本身很有趣。反身代词做主语同位语。
4. — Does your mother teach you Maths
—No, I teach_________ (I).
【答案】myself
【解析】-你妈妈教你数学吗？ -不，我自学。反身代词作宾语。
5. My father will repair the car by_________ (he).
【答案】himself
【解析】我父亲将独自修理汽车。by himself 独自地
动词不定式
动词不定式 to do(动词原形),其否定形式是not to do(动词原形)，在句中可以作主语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语及状语等成分。
作主语
To sweep the floor is my duty.打扫地板是我的职责。
如果动词不定式太长，常用it做形式主语，构成结构：It is + adj. for sb to do sth.
作宾语
能接不定式作宾语的动词有：ask, agree, decide, hope, plan, refuse 等词。
动词不定式与名词等词构成复合宾语时，通常要用it作形式宾语，而不定式放后面，如：
I found it easy to learn English.我发现学英语很简单。
作宾语补足语
某些动词在主动式中后接不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有consider, expect, tell, ask, want, invite等词。They told them to leave the room as soon as possible.
作状语
动词不定式作状语可表示目的，原因及结果等。例如：Come to see me again soon.尽快再来看我。
作表语
动词不定式往往放在系动词后面作表语，例如：
My dream is to be a singer.我的梦想是成为一名歌手。
作定语 动词不定式在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语。
Do you have anything to do tonight 你今晚有什么事情要做吗？
和特殊疑问词连用
不定式前可用what, when, how, where, why, which等疑问词构成不定式短语。
When to start is a problem.什么时候开始时一个问题。
省略to的动词 使役动词let, make, have sb.do sth.
感官动词feel, notice, hear, find, see sb do sth.
【典例分析】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The man wishes _________ (travel) around the world.
2. Would you like _________ (visit) the Science Museum
3. Please let me _________ (finish) the report first.
4. Why not offer _______ (help) your mother with some housework
5. You can ask Mary ___________ (organize) the party.
6. Nobody wants __________ (suffer) from this disease.
7. They decided _________ (pay) nothing for the terrible meal.
8. We’ll learn __________ (sing) a beautiful English song tomorrow.
9. Who made Little Tom _____ (do) so much work
10. Our Chinese teacher always encourages us ________ (read) more books.
【答案】1.to travel 2.to visit 3.finish 4.to help 5.to organize 6.to suffer 7.to play 8.to sing 9.do 10.to read
情态动词could用法
情态动词could构成的句型可用于向对方委婉的提出请求或征求对方的许可。它本身不能作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。could可以用can代替，但是could更委婉，答语避免使用could来回答。
用于委婉地请求别人做事情
常用句型：Could you (please) do sth.
肯定答语：OK、Certainly、of course、No problem、sure、With pleasure
否定答语：Sorry, I can’t. I have to.../ I’m afraid not. I have to...
常用于委婉地请求别人允许自己做事情
常用句型：Could I do sth.
肯定回答：Yes，you can./Certainly./Yes, please.
否定答语：Sorry, you can’t./I’m afraid you can’t.
【典例分析】
1. David, _______ you please sweep the floor and take out the trash
A. could B. may C. might D. must
2. —Could you please help me wash the car, Tony
—_______. I’m studying for my coming English test now.
A. That’s right B. I’m sorry C. It doesn’t matter D. Not at all
3. —_______ I take the magazines out of the reading room
—I’m sorry you _______.
A. Could; can’t B. Must; can’t C. Must; shouldn’t D. Could; shouldn’t
4. —Lucy, could you please teach me Chinese
—_______. Let’s start today!
A. Of course not B. No problem C. Sounds boring D. That’s right
5. —I lost my pencil. Could I borrow yours, Jimmy
—Yes, you _______. I just have two.
A. must B. will C. can D. need
【答案】ABABC
一、阅读目标
My name is Sarah. I had a friend called Helen who was 83 years old. I met her when I was doing some voluntary work in the nursing home. Helen said to me, “The number of old people in Western countries is increasing. However, many people are busy working and they have little time caring for their elderly parents. Many elderly people just like me are sent to live in nursing homes as their family do not have the time or ability to look after them. How isolated they are!”
Before going to the nursing home, I had just finished my A-levels of GCSE. At that time, I was not sure what I wanted to study at university, so I decided to do something else for a year instead of going to university this September.
The nursing home was just near where I lived. I went there from Monday to Friday, I started at 9:00 a.m. and finished at 4:00 p.m. I really enjoyed my voluntary work. I often chatted with these elderly people and this made them feel happy. And they had so much knowledge and experience to share with me.
There I really learned a lot from them. And I got along well with them, especially Helen. She was lovely and she had ever been a good history teacher. She missed her husband and talked about him a lot. He died six months ago and she felt lonely without him. He was a pilot in the air force in World War Ⅱ. She told me how difficult it was during the war when they had food rationing (配给). There was no chocolate! And no bananas!
Sometimes Helen reminded me of my grandmother. I also talked about my grandmother with her. My grandmother died six months ago and I missed her. She was my best friend. She helped and encouraged me. I nearly gave up studying when I was 16 because I did not get good GCSE grades, but she persuaded (劝服) me to get GCSEs again. She was so pleased when I passed my A-levels.
Helen couldn’t believe how the world had changed during her life. I told her I taught my grandmother to use the Internet and that she loved shopping on the Internet. “If you like, I will teach you how to use the Internet.” I told Helen. She said to me, “I will learn to use the Internet. And I like online shopping very much.”
Old people need our love and care, sometimes, you just need to sit quietly to be a listener. It doesn’t cost anything at all, but it’s the most precious (珍贵的) thing in the world.
1 . What did Sarah want to do after finishing her A-levels
A . To go to university this September. B . To make money for her university.
C . To work as a volunteer in a nursing home. D . To teach the elderly how to use the Internet.
2 . What does the underlined word “isolated” in the first paragraph mean
A . Pleased. B . Lonely. C . Angry. D . Excited.
3 . Which of the following is true according to the passage
A . The number of old people is getting larger and larger in the West.
B . Helen and her husband had no food problems in World War Ⅱ.
C . Sarah worked for forty-nine hours a week in the nursing home.
D . Neither Sarah’s grandmother nor Helen liked online shopping.
4 . What did Sarah mainly get from her experience in the nursing home
A . The young need to learn from the elderly. B . Doing voluntary work is difficult to her.
C . The elderly people need to be cared about. D . We should learn how to use the Internet.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文主要介绍了Sarah在养老院作志愿者的经历。
1．细节理解题。根据“Before going to the nursing home, I had just finished my A-levels of GCSE. At that time, I was not sure what I wanted to study at university, so I decided to do something else for a year instead of going to university this September.”可知在完成A-levels课程后，Sarah想在养老院做志愿者。故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据“Many elderly people just like me are sent to live in nursing homes as their family do not have the time or ability to look after them.”可知老人因家人没时间或能力照顾他们而被送到养老院，他们应该是很孤独的，isolated意为“孤独的”。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“The number of old people in Western countries is increasing.”可知在西方，老年人的数量越来越多，A项正确。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“Old people need our love and care, sometimes, you just need to sit quietly to be a listener.”可知Sarah从养老院的经历中学到：老年人需要照顾。故选C。
二、写作目标
【实战演练】
2020年,COVID 19在全球肆虐,生活因此变得有些艰难。请你根据所提供的信息,以“Live in a Healthier Way”为题写一篇英语短文,谈一谈怎样以更健康的生活方式度过这段特殊时期。
要点:1.健康的生活方式:多锻炼、勤洗手、戴口罩等;
2.良好的生活态度:关心他人、分享喜忧;
3.……
要求:1.语言表达准确,短文连贯、通顺;
2.短文应包括所有内容,可适当发挥,不要逐句翻译;
3.词数80左右,文章开头和结尾部分已给出,不计入总词数。
Live in a Healthier Way
In 2020,people around the world suffer from a kind of serious illness named COVID 19.We have to face more difficulties in our life because of it.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks to the special period, we have learned that if we live in a healthier way, we can win.
【答案】
In 2020,people around the world suffer from a kind of serious illness named COVID 19.We have to face more difficulties in our life because of it.
As we all know, health is important to us. Only when we are healthy can we study well and enjoy life. So how should we spend this special period in a healthier lifestyle Keeping exercising and drinking more water can make us healthier. In order to stay away from disease, we should wash our hands frequently, wear masks and do not get together. It is also important to have a good attitude towards life. No matter how difficult life is, we should face it with a smile. We can develop hobbies, share joys and sorrows with friends and family, and learn to care about others. The better we do, the happier our life will
Thanks to the special period, we have learned that if we live in a healthier way, we can win.
书面表达二
如今,越来越多的人加入了周末的志愿者队伍,学生是否应该做志愿者工作呢 为此,上周五我对我们班的学生进行了调查,结果如下。请你代写一篇不少于100词的调查报告。
Pros 60% ①一种很好的体验,帮助得到梦想的工作 ②消磨空余时间的好方法,以便于不会花时间做一些无聊的事,如:玩电脑游戏
Cons 40% ①浪费时间,影响学习 ②家长担心结交一些不良朋友 ③年龄小,容易累
我 ……
【答案】
Should students do volunteer work on weekends We did a survey in our class meeting last Friday. Here are the results.
60% of the students think students should do volunteer work on weekends. It is a good experience and it can help students get their dream jobs. Doing volunteer work is a good way to spend their free time so that they won’t spend their time doing some boring things, such as playing computer games. However, others disagree. They think it wastes their time and influences their studies. Some parents also worry that students will make some bad friends. What’s more, students are too young. They may get tired easily.
I think doing volunteer work can open our eyes to the outside world. We can also improve our living skills. It’s good for our future.(135 words)
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2023年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
八下Unit 1-3
一、重点短语
Unit 1
have a sore back / throat 背部/咽喉疼痛
have / catch a cold =have the flu 感冒；得了流感 have a （high）fever 发（高）烧
have a toothache 牙痛 have a headache 头疼 have a stomachache 胃疼；肚子疼
2.take one’s temperature 给某人量体温
3.cut oneself 切伤自己；cut off 切除 cut it/them off
4.shout for help呼救；shout at 向……喊；shout to 嚷
5.get off 下车；get on 上车；get it /them on (off)
6.to one’s surprise 使某人惊奇的是
7.have problems doing sth在干某事中有困难
8.be interested in 在……感兴趣
9.be used to doing sth 习惯于干某事；be used to taking risks
10.because of 由于
11. run out 用完；用光 run out of 把……用完
12.be in control of 掌管；管理
13.make a decision to do sth.下决心干某事
14.Thanks to +名词或代词 多亏；幸亏（多放在句首）
Unit 2
1.clean up 打扫（或清除）干净
2.cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来
3.give out 分发；散发
4.used to 曾经....；过去......
5.give away 赠送；捐赠
6.set up 建起；设立
7.make a difference 影响；有作用 make a difference to对......产生影响 to 为介词）
make no difference to “对......没有影响” （to 为介词）
8.come up with 想出；提出
9.put off 推迟
10.put up 张贴；搭建；举起
11.help out 帮助......摆脱困境
12.care for 照顾；非常喜欢
13.try out 参加......选拔；试用
e true 实现
15.take after（外貌或行为）像
16.fix up 修理；装饰
17.be similar to 与......相似
18.work out fine 奏效
19.raise money for “为......筹钱”
20.be excited about 对.....感到兴奋、激动
Unit 3
1.do the dishes=wash the dishes 洗碗
2.make your bed整理床铺
3.go to the movies去看电影
4. stay out late 呆到很晚
5. be angry with…对……生气
6. take the dog for a walk= walk dog溜狗
7. all the time一直
8.hang out with my friends和我朋友一起闲逛
9. a waste of their time时间的浪费
10.in order to do something为了做……
二、精讲精练
要点1 What’s the matter with you
（1）What’s the matter with you 常用此结构表示“你怎么了？发生什么事了？”类似表达还有：
What’s wrong with you
What happened to you
What’s the trouble
What’s up
(2)matter意为：“问题，麻烦”时，通常用单数形式，和the连用。matter 还是动词，意为“要紧，事关紧要”不用于进行时态
It’s doesn’t matter. 没关系。
as a matter of fact 事实上，说真的
1.问毛病：
①What’s the matter (with) … 怎么啦？
②What’s the trouble (with) …
③What’s wrong with …
④What happened
⑤Is there anything wrong with…
⑥Are you OK
2.回答+建议
①I have a cold. You should drink lots of water and rest.
②I have a cough and sore throat. You should hot tea with honey.
③I have a sore back. You should lie down and rest.
④I have a fever. You should take your temperature.
⑤I have a toothache. You should see a dentist and get an X-ray.
⑥I have a stomachache. You should lie down and rest.
You should eat less meat and take more exercise.
⑦I cut myself. You should put some medicine on it and put a bandage on it .
⑧No, I don’t feel well./ I feel… / I have a … Should I …
You should… / You shouldn’t …
【典例分析】
1.what’s the m______ with you computer
2. ----I’m sorry. I’m late.
----_________________(没关系)。
【答案】1.matter 2. It’s doesn’t matter.
3. ---Don you know _________________________ He looks unhappy.
---I’ve no idea. Maybe he didn’t pass his exams.
A. what’s the matter with Tom B. what’s wrong with Tom
C. what did happen to Tom D. what the trouble is with Tom
【答案】A句意：---你直到汤姆怎么了吗？他看上去很不高兴。---我不知道。或许他考试没通过。考查宾语从句的辨析。what’s the matter with……通常强调外部因素对人物情绪的影响；what’s wrong with……通常强调身体原因；C和D的语序不符合排除。故选A。
要点2 toothache，headache
器官名词后缀-ache表示部位疼痛
tooth+ache = toothache （牙痛）
head+ache = headache （头痛）
back+ache= backache（背痛）
stomach+ache = stomachache（胃痛）
ear+ache= earache （耳朵痛）
heart+ache= heartache（心痛）
（1）ache作名词，意为“痛；隐痛”。例如：
He felt a dull ache in his shoulder. 他感到肩膀隐隐作痛。
（2）作动词，意为“（身体某部位持续且较强烈的）疼痛”。例如：
My tennis elbow began to ache again. 我打网球的手肘又开始痛了。
【拓展】
ache表“疼痛”时，其主语是身体的某部位，而不是“人”。 例如：
My legs ache. 我脚疼。
表示身体部位痛的几种表示
以“头痛”为例，常见I have got a headache. =My head hurts/aches.
=I have a pain in my head
【典例分析】
1今天早晨起床时，我头疼得厉害。(用几种方法翻译下面句子)
My head ________ _______ when I got up this morning.
= I ______ _______ _______ in my head
=I have ________ _______ ________.
【答案】ached /hurt badly had a pain in a bad headache
2我刚才胃痛得厉害 (用几种方法翻译下面句子)
I had a bad stomachache just now.
= My stomach________ badly just now .
=I _______ _______ ______ in my stomachache just now.
【答案】ached had a bad pain
要点3 ill & sick
ill 作为形容词，意为“不健康的；有病的”，常作表语，指患病的或身体不舒服的。作定语时意为“品质、情况等坏的、糟糕的，或食物等有不良作用的”。 The young man has an ill temper. 年青人脾气很坏。【ill作定语】 一言辨异： Although Susan is ill, she is still looking after her sick grandmother. 虽然苏珊生病了，但是她还仍然在照顾生病的奶奶。
sick 作为形容词，意为“生病的”，指身体或精神上生病的，既可以作表语，又可以作定语。sick 还有"恶心的；厌倦的"之意
【典例分析】
1.用ill和sick填空
1）The boy doesn’t like to eat anything. He can be ________
2）Lucy’s mother is _________in hospital.
3）She’ll visit her _________mother after school.
4)The smell makes me________.
【答案】1.ill /sick 2.ill/sick 作表语2个单词都可以。 3.sick可以作定语，而ill不做定语。 4.sick 着重表示“恶心的“
2. He is also _______,but he is still taking care of another _______ man.
A. ill; ill B. sick; ill C. ill; sick
【答案】C .sick可以作定语，而ill不做定语
要点4 death dead die
dead形容词，意为“死的，失去生命的”，在句中可作定语或表语。
He was watching his dead cat when I came in.
当我进来时，他正在注视着他的死去的猫。
I’m afraid he is dead. 我恐怕他已经去世了。
die(v) 死亡 death(n) 死亡
die为不及物动词，意为“死”，其过去式为died，现在分词为dying。
More than three hundred people died in the air crash. 在这次飞机失事中有300多人死亡。
She is ill and I’m afraid she’s dying. 她病了，恐怕快要死了。
译：他的母亲去世5年了。
误：His mother died for five years.
正：His mother has been dead for five years.
拓展：
die of意为“因……而死”，一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。
die from意为“因……而死”，一般指由于外伤、事故等外因引起的死亡。
【典例分析】
1. —Do you know that Mr. Zhang passed by last week
—Yes. He died ________ illness.
A. of B. from C. with D. as
【答案】A
【解析】die of意为“因……而死”，一般指由于疾病、情感等内因引起的死亡。
2. The lamb ________ for quite some time.
A. has died B. die C. has dead D. has been dead
【答案】D
【解析】die 是非延续性动词。不能与一段时间连用。故要用表示状态的词。答案选D
3. —When did the old man ________？
—In 2006. He ________ for nearly ten years.
A. die; died B. die; has been dead C. dead; has died D. dead; died
【答案】B 应用现在完成时且动词用延续性动词
要点5 to one’s surprise
to one’s surprise “使某人惊讶的是”
例:To his surprise, the lost pencil is in his pencil-box.
使他吃惊的是，那支丢了的铅笔就在他的铅笔盒里。
知识拓展
1. to one’s+表示情绪的名词(如pleasure, surprise等)”表示“令某人......的是”通常用作插入语，放在句首，用逗号与其他部分隔开
2. in/with surprise/relief意为“惊奇地/欣慰地”，用作状语
例: Bill looked at me in surprise.比尔诧异地看着我。
【典例分析】
1. ______ his surprise, his teammates all nodded ______ agreement.
A. To, to B. For, with C. To, in D. With, with
【答案】C
【解析】句意：令他惊讶的是，他的队友都点头同意了。考查介词。短语to one’s surprise：使某人惊讶的是；in agreement：(作状语)表示同意, (作表语)持相同意见。结合句意可知填To, in；选C。
2. 令我惊讶的是，他的汉语说得非常好。
To ________ __________, he speaks Chinese very well.
【答案】my surprise. to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是。固定搭配。
要点6 thanks to
thanks to是介词短语，意为“多亏，由于”，thanks不可以改为thank you, to后接表示感谢的对象。
例如：
Thanks to the English language, we can learn a lot from other countries .
多亏英语语言,我们能从其它国家学到很多东西。
Thanks to your help, I got a good mark in the exam.
多亏你的帮助，我考试取得了好成绩。
辨析：thanks to 与thanks for
thanks to 介词短语意为“多亏；幸亏”，相当于because of /as a result of. to后可以接名词\代词或名词性短语。
thanks for 动词短语，意为“因……而感谢”for 后接感谢的原因，可以是名词或动词-ing形式。
【典例分析】
1.谢谢你邀请我们参加你的生日聚会.
_________ _______ ________us to your birthday party .
【答案】Thanks for inviting
2.幸亏汤姆，我找到了这么好的房子。
________ __________Tom, I found this great apartment.
【答案】Thanks to
要点7 accident
accident是名词，意为“事故，意外的事，偶然的事”。例如：
Two men died in the traffic accident. 两个人在这起事故中丧生了。
【拓展】
by accident = by chance 意为“偶然地，无意中地”。 例如：
He met one of his classmates in the street by accident.
在街上，他偶然遇到了他的一位同学。
【典例分析】
1.我父亲在火车站偶然遇到了他的一位老朋友。
My father met one of his old friends at the station _________ __________.
2. Luckily, he was not badly hurt in the a__________（根据首字母填词）
【答案】1.by accident 2.accident
3.I found Lisa's bag in the playground accident. I picked it up and returned it to her.
A. for B. with C. of D.by
【答案】D
【解析】by accident是固定搭配,意为“意外地”。
要点8 experience
（1）experience 作名词的用法 (1)经历，阅历（可数）
I had a rather odd experience the other day.前些天我有一次相当神奇的经历。
Please tell us about your experience in Africa.请跟我们说说你在非洲的经历。
（2）经验 +of/in）（不可数）
She had no experience of life at all.她毫无生活经验。
不可数名词 意为“经验” He has rich experience in teaching. 他在教学上有丰富的经验。
可数名词 意为“经历” My uncle has many unusual experiences. 我的叔叔有许多不寻常的经历。
【典例分析】
1.他有许多教学经验。
He has _________ ________in English teaching.
【答案】much experience 经验不可数名词。
2.In April，the weather in some places in Shanxi was really changeable. People still remember they have four seasons in a week.（山西）
A. organized B. experienced C. described
【答案】此题用词义辨析法。organize “组织”； experience “经历”； describe “描述”。根据句意“在四月，山西一些地方的天气真是多变。人们仍然记得他们在一周内 四个季节。”可知答案。
要点9
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事，意思是现在不做了，主语常是人，当然也可以是能实施动作的动物等。 I used to get up early and took an hour's walk before breakfast. 我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事，主语也通常是人，但是也可以是能实施动作的动物等。“get used to doing sth.”相当于“be used to doing sth.”。 He is/gets used to living like this. 他习惯了这样生活。
be used for doing sth. 被用于做某
be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
【典例分析】
1.用 used to 和 be used to 的适当形式填空。
1. My uncle _____________ live in a big city， but he _________________ living in a village now.
【答案】used to is used to
2. I _________________ get up late when I was in the middle school.
【答案】used to
3. The child _________________ watch too much TV at night. So he has poor eyesight now.
【答案】used to
4. We students ___________________ doing morning exercises every day.
【答案】are used to
5. There _______________ be a beautiful park.
【答案】used to
要点10 own
own的用法
（1）作为形容词，意为“自己的”。
He had his own company by 25.他25岁时就有了自己的公司。
（2）作为动词，意为“拥有”。
I want to own a big house with three bedroom.
我想拥有一套三居室的大房子。
（3）其名词为owner,意为“所有权人；主人”。
The wallet must be returned to its owner.
钱包必须归还给它的主人。
辨析of one's own与on one's own
of one's own 意为“（某人）自己的”，一般用作定语。
on one's own 意为“独自”，一般用作状语，相当于by oneself。
【典例分析】
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的，所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house __________，and the house was built __________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
【答案】of his own 意为“（某人）自己的” on his own意为“独自” owner “所有权人；主人”
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
【答案】你晚上一个人到森林里去散步是很危险的。on one's own意为“独自”，符合题意。
要点11 run
run out of 主语通常是“人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器，意为“用完....”相当use up
（1）run out of 也可表示“从......跑出来"
The dog ran out of the room.
（2）run out 意为“用尽，耗尽”，其主语通常是被使用的事物，其后不接宾语。
His water soon ran out.
【典例分析】
1. —Jack, I think we need to buy a new car.
—Oh, no! We are ________________ out of money, you know
A. trying B. going C. getting D. running
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——杰克，我认为我们需要买一辆新车。——哦，不行！我们快要把钱花光了，你知道吗？try尝试，go out of从……出去，get out of摆脱，run out of花光，用完。根据Oh, no!可知，B不同意买一辆新车，因为钱快要花完了。故选D。
要点12 give out/ give away/hand out
give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give out 发出（光，热，声音等）/用完，耗尽
The sun gives out light and heat.
Our supplies are giving out.
give away意为“赠送;捐赠”，动副短语
The old man gives away some books to the poor children every year.
Give 构成的短语
give in 屈服 give back=return 归还
give a speech 发表讲话 give a report作报告
give sb. a call 给……打电话 give away to赠送给
give off发出（气体、热量、气味等） give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人
give up放弃 give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物
【典例分析】
1.—Do you think it’s popular to ________ red envelopes（红包）on Wechat during festivals
—Yes. But I prefer giving gifts to my family member.
A . give out B . give away C . give back D . give up
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你觉得在微信上发红包很流行吗？——是的。但是我更喜欢给我的家人送礼物。 考查动词短语辨析。give out分发，发出；give away赠送；give back归还；give up放弃。根据“red envelopes（红包）on Wechat during festivals”可知，此处指在微信上发红包，故选A。
要点13
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事
Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
（1）put up 是由“动词+副词”构成的动词短语，意为“张贴；公布”。例如:
The principal put up the exam result. 校长公布了这次考试的结果。
（2）put up 意为“提高；增加；抬高(租金、价格等)”。例如 ：
My landlord was threatening to put the rent up by 10 dollars a week.
我房东要挟说要把每周房租提高10美元。
Put构成的短语
put up挂；张贴；公布；举起；搭起；
put off 推迟 put away 收起来
put on 穿上；戴上；体重上升 put down 放下
put up with 忍受 put out 扑灭；熄灭
【典例分析】
1.—Jason, would you please this notice
—With pleasure.
put on B. put off C. put up D. put out
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——Jason,请你把这个通知 好吗 ——愿意效劳。put on“穿上”;put off“推迟”; put up “张贴”;put out“熄灭”。只有C项符合语境。
2. Tony bought a photo of his favourite sports star and________ on his bedroom wall.
A. gave it up B. found it out
C. looked it through D. put it up
【答案】D
【解析】句意：托尼买了一张他最喜欢的运动明星的照片，贴到他卧室的墙上。
考查动词短语。give up 放弃；find out找出来；look through浏览；put up张贴；根据on his bedroom wall可知，这里指贴在墙上。故选D。
要点14
come true意为“实现;成为现实”，其主语常为梦想、愿望或目标等。
I've always wanted to visit Beijing, so going there on vacation next week will be a dream come true for me.
His dream of becoming a teacher came true.
是否接宾语 用法
achieve 是 主语一般为“人”
come true 否 主语一般是“梦想；理想”
【典例分析】
1. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will ________.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve D. come on
【答案】B 句意：如果我们中国人一起努力，中国梦就会实现。Come true实现，成为现实。主语一般指“计划”“梦想，希望”等。Achieve one’s dream 实现梦想。主语一般指人。故答案选B
2. He wants to be a pilot. I think his dream will _____ in the future.
A. come in B. come out C. come over D. come true
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他想当飞行员。我认为他的梦想将来会实现。A. come in进来；B. come out出来；C. come over 战胜；D. come true实现。根据上文His wants to be a pilot.可知下文是说梦想实现。根据题意，故选D。
2.恐怕他的愿望很难实现。
I’m afraid his wish won’t __________ __________easily.
I’m afraid he won’t ___________ __________ _________easily.
【答案】come true achieve his dream
3. Even a small success can give you a sense of ______________ (achieve) .
【答案】achievement
要点15
1. neither +助动词/ be /情态动词+主语 表示上句否定的情况也适用于后者译为“...也不这样”。
如果主语是I，相当于Me neither.
The first one isn’t good, and neither is the second.
They didn’t come last night. Neither did I. / Me neither.
2. neither+可数名词单数, 谓语动词用三单。表示“两者都不”。
I think neither book is good.
3. neither +of +名词复数 谓语动词通常用三单。
Neither of the books is good.
4. neither …nor… 既不…也不… 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定(就近原则)
Neither Tom nor Jim is a student.
Neither Tom nor Jim plays sports every day.
【小试牛刀】
1. I have two sisters, but ________of them is a teacher.
A. all B. neither C. both D. none
2. —The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even _______.
—That's so cool!
A. all B. both C. neither D. none
3. —Which magazine do you like better, Crazy Reading or Teen’s space
—I like ___of them. They are useful for English lessons.
A. none B. neither C. all D. both
4. －Which do you prefer, a CD player or a walkman
－_____. I prefer a portable computer.
A. Both B. Either C. None D. Neither
5. He speaks ______English ______French. Instead, he speaks German.
A either; or B not only; but also C both; and D neither; nor
要点16 waste
（1）waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。a waste of意为“浪费……”。
例如：
I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。
It’s a waste of time. 这就是浪费时间。
（2）waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。例如：
We shouldn’t throw waste paper about. 我们不应该乱扔废纸。
A factory is pouring waste water into the river. 一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。
（3）waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。 waste time / money (in)doing / on sth. 表示“在做某事上浪费时间 / 金钱”。
Don’t waste water! 不要浪费水。
【典例分析】
1. After dinner Mum asked me to throw the _______ in the bowls in the bag on the ground.
A. fly B. waste C. sand D. scarf
【答案】B。本题考查名词辨析。fly意为“苍蝇”，waste意为“废料；废弃物”，sand 意为“沙；沙子”，scarf
意为“围巾”，结合语境可知应选B。
2.We all need a healthy environment, but we produce every day and it is harmful to our environment.
A. dreams B. trouble C. problems D. waste
【答案】 D 本题考查名词辨析。句意:我们都需要一个健康的环境,但是我们每天产生垃圾,它对我们的环境有害。dream梦想;trouble麻烦;problem问题;waste垃圾。根据“它对我们的环境有害”可知选D。
3. 妈妈认为玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
Mum thinks it __________ __________ __________ __________ to play computer games.
【答案】a waste of time
要点17 hard和hardly
hardly和hard形式上很接近，但意义截然不同。
（1）hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。
hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”。例如：
This ground is too hard to dig.
这块地太硬，挖不动。
I work hard at school.
我在学校努力学习。
They tried hard to succeed.
他们努力工作，以求得成功。
【拓展】hard组成的常见词组有：
work hard at…“努力于……”；（hard作副词）
be hard on sb. 对某人苛刻；对某人要求严厉。（hard作形容词）。例如：
He is working hard at English.
他正在努力学习英语。
A good boss knows when to be hard on his employees.
一个精明的老板知道何时应对员工严格要求。
（2）hardly是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not，并非hard的副词形式。例如：
There is hardly any coffee left. = There’s almost no coffee left.
几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。
【典例分析】
1.—I have some trouble in learning maths.
—Take it easy, because we can __________avoid meeting problems in study.
A. always B. usually C. often D. hardly
【答案】D
【解析】always"总是";usually"通常";often"经常";hardly"几乎不"。结合语境可知此处指"难以"避免遇到问题,应用否定副词,故选D。
2. It rained ______. People could _______ go out.
A. hardly, hardly B. hard, hardly C. hardly, hard D. hard, hard
【答案】B
【解析】hard激烈地 猛烈地，努力地这里形容雨下的大用hard。hardly表示几乎不能。故选B。
要点18
borrow; lend和keep
(1) borrow是“借进”，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere结构，意为“从某人/某地借来某物”。例如：
He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他从银行借了很多钱。
(2) lend是“借出”，即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于lend sth. to sb. 或lend sb. sth.结构中，意为“借给某人某物”。
I don’t like to lend my TV set to Tom. 我不想把电视机借给Tom。
(3) keep 意为“保存”，是延续性动词，borrow是瞬间动词，如果与一段时间连用，要用keep代替borrow。例如：
Can I keep the book a little longer 我借这本书的时间能长点吗？
【典例分析】
1、用borrow, lend 和keep填空
（1）—Can I________ this book
—Yes, but you mustn’t ________ it to others.
（2）He a car from his friend , and went to the airport in a hurry.
（3）I have __________ the book for two weeks. I will return it to the library this afternoon.
【点拨】(1)borrow 借入 lend 借出。 （2）borrowed （3）kept 借多久。用keep
2. Linda called to________ my bike just now and she said she would return it to me on Friday morning.
A. lend B. borrow C. fix D. store
【点拨】B句意：琳达刚才打电话借我的自行车，她说星期五上午还给我。
考查动词辨析。A. lend 借（主语借出）； B. borrow借（主语借入）；C. fix 修理； D. store储藏；根据she said she would return it to me on Friday morning这里提到了归还，所以空格处应该是借。故选B。
3. —How long may I your bike
—For a week. But you mustn’t it to others.
A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow
【点拨】B
【解析】考查词语辨析。borrow意为“借入”;lend意为“借出”,lend sth.to sb.意为“把某物借给某人”;“借多长时间”用keep,为延续性动词。how long和延续性动词连用,故第一空为keep;由答语第二句句意“但是你不能把它借给别人”可知,第二空为lend。故选B。
要点19 depend
1)depend v.视……而定；决定(于)
Whether we start or not depends on the weather.
我们是否开始取决于天气。
2)常用短语depend on意为“依靠”，后接名词或代词，它的主语可以是人也可以是物，但含义不同。
人＋depend(s) on(依靠)；物＋depend(s) on(视……而定)。
The old man depends on his son. 那位老人依靠他的儿子。
Our plan depends on time. 我们的计划取决于时间。
拓展 that depends＝it all depends 那得看情况
【典例分析】
1 . —Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow
—Well, it all the weather.
A . gets on B . puts on C . tries on D . depends on
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我们明天去野餐好吗？——哦，这得看天气。A. gets on上车；B. puts on穿上；C. tries on试穿；D. depends on取决于。结合本题语境可知，D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
要点20 silent
silence n. 寂静；无声
in silence. 安静地
【拓展】silence的形容词形式是silent。keep silent＝keep in silence，意为“保持沉默”。
【典例分析】
1 . 用silence的适当形式填空
①I don't think you should keep ________ .
②She always sat in ________ and didn't say a word.
【点拨】①silent ②silence
2. None of them talked. They finished their meal in ________ .
A . silence B . order C . place D . public
【点拨】in silence 沉默地，无声地。前面说没人说话，故答案选A。
反身代词
反身代词是人称代词的反身形式，即主语发出的动作最后返回到自身。反身代词包括以下[8个]
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
反身代词有两种主要的用法:
a.作动词或介词的宾语。
The boy is too young to look after himself.
She said to herself, "What shall I do ”
b. 作主语或宾语的同位语。
I myself cook supper in the kitchen every day.
He made his students themselves clean the classroom.
某些动词常与反身代词连用：
(do sth. )by oneself 独自做某事=alone=on one’s own
dress oneself穿衣
help oneself to 随便吃…
enjoy oneself 玩得开心=have a good time=have fun
teach oneself 自学
hurt oneself 伤到自己
make oneself at home 不必拘束
devote oneself to 献身于
speak/talk to oneself 自言自语
say/think to oneself心里想
【典例分析】
一、根据句意，用正确的反身代词完成句子或对话。
1. Help___________( you) to some cakes, children.
【答案】yourselves
【解析】孩子们，吃点蛋糕吧。Help oneself 随便吃（喝）。。。。反身代词作宾语。
2. Those girls enjoyed___________ (they) at the park yesterday.
【答案】themselves
【解析】昨天那些女孩在公园玩得很开心。反身代词作宾语。
3. The film___________ (it) is very funny.
【答案】itself
【解析】这部电影本身很有趣。反身代词做主语同位语。
4. — Does your mother teach you Maths
—No, I teach_________ (I).
【答案】myself
【解析】-你妈妈教你数学吗？ -不，我自学。反身代词作宾语。
5. My father will repair the car by_________ (he).
【答案】himself
【解析】我父亲将独自修理汽车。by himself 独自地
动词不定式
动词不定式 to do(动词原形),其否定形式是not to do(动词原形)，在句中可以作主语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语及状语等成分。
作主语
To sweep the floor is my duty.打扫地板是我的职责。
如果动词不定式太长，常用it做形式主语，构成结构：It is + adj. for sb to do sth.
作宾语
能接不定式作宾语的动词有：ask, agree, decide, hope, plan, refuse 等词。
动词不定式与名词等词构成复合宾语时，通常要用it作形式宾语，而不定式放后面，如：
I found it easy to learn English.我发现学英语很简单。
作宾语补足语
某些动词在主动式中后接不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有consider, expect, tell, ask, want, invite等词。They told them to leave the room as soon as possible.
作状语
动词不定式作状语可表示目的，原因及结果等。例如：Come to see me again soon.尽快再来看我。
作表语
动词不定式往往放在系动词后面作表语，例如：
My dream is to be a singer.我的梦想是成为一名歌手。
作定语 动词不定式在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语。
Do you have anything to do tonight 你今晚有什么事情要做吗？
和特殊疑问词连用
不定式前可用what, when, how, where, why, which等疑问词构成不定式短语。
When to start is a problem.什么时候开始时一个问题。
省略to的动词 使役动词let, make, have sb.do sth.
感官动词feel, notice, hear, find, see sb do sth.
【典例分析】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The man wishes _________ (travel) around the world.
2. Would you like _________ (visit) the Science Museum
3. Please let me _________ (finish) the report first.
4. Why not offer _______ (help) your mother with some housework
5. You can ask Mary ___________ (organize) the party.
6. Nobody wants __________ (suffer) from this disease.
7. They decided _________ (pay) nothing for the terrible meal.
8. We’ll learn __________ (sing) a beautiful English song tomorrow.
9. Who made Little Tom _____ (do) so much work
10. Our Chinese teacher always encourages us ________ (read) more books.
【答案】1.to travel 2.to visit 3.finish 4.to help 5.to organize 6.to suffer 7.to play 8.to sing 9.do 10.to read
情态动词could用法
情态动词could构成的句型可用于向对方委婉的提出请求或征求对方的许可。它本身不能作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。could可以用can代替，但是could更委婉，答语避免使用could来回答。
用于委婉地请求别人做事情
常用句型：Could you (please) do sth.
肯定答语：OK、Certainly、of course、No problem、sure、With pleasure
否定答语：Sorry, I can’t. I have to.../ I’m afraid not. I have to...
常用于委婉地请求别人允许自己做事情
常用句型：Could I do sth.
肯定回答：Yes，you can./Certainly./Yes, please.
否定答语：Sorry, you can’t./I’m afraid you can’t.
【典例分析】
1. David, _______ you please sweep the floor and take out the trash
A. could B. may C. might D. must
2. —Could you please help me wash the car, Tony
—_______. I’m studying for my coming English test now.
A. That’s right B. I’m sorry C. It doesn’t matter D. Not at all
3. —_______ I take the magazines out of the reading room
—I’m sorry you _______.
A. Could; can’t B. Must; can’t C. Must; shouldn’t D. Could; shouldn’t
4. —Lucy, could you please teach me Chinese
—_______. Let’s start today!
A. Of course not B. No problem C. Sounds boring D. That’s right
5. —I lost my pencil. Could I borrow yours, Jimmy
—Yes, you _______. I just have two.
A. must B. will C. can D. need
【答案】ABABC
一、阅读目标
My name is Sarah. I had a friend called Helen who was 83 years old. I met her when I was doing some voluntary work in the nursing home. Helen said to me, “The number of old people in Western countries is increasing. However, many people are busy working and they have little time caring for their elderly parents. Many elderly people just like me are sent to live in nursing homes as their family do not have the time or ability to look after them. How isolated they are!”
Before going to the nursing home, I had just finished my A-levels of GCSE. At that time, I was not sure what I wanted to study at university, so I decided to do something else for a year instead of going to university this September.
The nursing home was just near where I lived. I went there from Monday to Friday, I started at 9:00 a.m. and finished at 4:00 p.m. I really enjoyed my voluntary work. I often chatted with these elderly people and this made them feel happy. And they had so much knowledge and experience to share with me.
There I really learned a lot from them. And I got along well with them, especially Helen. She was lovely and she had ever been a good history teacher. She missed her husband and talked about him a lot. He died six months ago and she felt lonely without him. He was a pilot in the air force in World War Ⅱ. She told me how difficult it was during the war when they had food rationing (配给). There was no chocolate! And no bananas!
Sometimes Helen reminded me of my grandmother. I also talked about my grandmother with her. My grandmother died six months ago and I missed her. She was my best friend. She helped and encouraged me. I nearly gave up studying when I was 16 because I did not get good GCSE grades, but she persuaded (劝服) me to get GCSEs again. She was so pleased when I passed my A-levels.
Helen couldn’t believe how the world had changed during her life. I told her I taught my grandmother to use the Internet and that she loved shopping on the Internet. “If you like, I will teach you how to use the Internet.” I told Helen. She said to me, “I will learn to use the Internet. And I like online shopping very much.”
Old people need our love and care, sometimes, you just need to sit quietly to be a listener. It doesn’t cost anything at all, but it’s the most precious (珍贵的) thing in the world.
1 . What did Sarah want to do after finishing her A-levels
A . To go to university this September. B . To make money for her university.
C . To work as a volunteer in a nursing home. D . To teach the elderly how to use the Internet.
2 . What does the underlined word “isolated” in the first paragraph mean
A . Pleased. B . Lonely. C . Angry. D . Excited.
3 . Which of the following is true according to the passage
A . The number of old people is getting larger and larger in the West.
B . Helen and her husband had no food problems in World War Ⅱ.
C . Sarah worked for forty-nine hours a week in the nursing home.
D . Neither Sarah’s grandmother nor Helen liked online shopping.
4 . What did Sarah mainly get from her experience in the nursing home
A . The young need to learn from the elderly. B . Doing voluntary work is difficult to her.
C . The elderly people need to be cared about. D . We should learn how to use the Internet.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文主要介绍了Sarah在养老院作志愿者的经历。
1．细节理解题。根据“Before going to the nursing home, I had just finished my A-levels of GCSE. At that time, I was not sure what I wanted to study at university, so I decided to do something else for a year instead of going to university this September.”可知在完成A-levels课程后，Sarah想在养老院做志愿者。故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据“Many elderly people just like me are sent to live in nursing homes as their family do not have the time or ability to look after them.”可知老人因家人没时间或能力照顾他们而被送到养老院，他们应该是很孤独的，isolated意为“孤独的”。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“The number of old people in Western countries is increasing.”可知在西方，老年人的数量越来越多，A项正确。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“Old people need our love and care, sometimes, you just need to sit quietly to be a listener.”可知Sarah从养老院的经历中学到：老年人需要照顾。故选C。
二、写作目标
【实战演练】
2020年,COVID 19在全球肆虐,生活因此变得有些艰难。请你根据所提供的信息,以“Live in a Healthier Way”为题写一篇英语短文,谈一谈怎样以更健康的生活方式度过这段特殊时期。
要点:1.健康的生活方式:多锻炼、勤洗手、戴口罩等;
2.良好的生活态度:关心他人、分享喜忧;
3.……
要求:1.语言表达准确,短文连贯、通顺;
2.短文应包括所有内容,可适当发挥,不要逐句翻译;
3.词数80左右,文章开头和结尾部分已给出,不计入总词数。
Live in a Healthier Way
In 2020,people around the world suffer from a kind of serious illness named COVID 19.We have to face more difficulties in our life because of it.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks to the special period, we have learned that if we live in a healthier way, we can win.
【答案】
In 2020,people around the world suffer from a kind of serious illness named COVID 19.We have to face more difficulties in our life because of it.
As we all know, health is important to us. Only when we are healthy can we study well and enjoy life. So how should we spend this special period in a healthier lifestyle Keeping exercising and drinking more water can make us healthier. In order to stay away from disease, we should wash our hands frequently, wear masks and do not get together. It is also important to have a good attitude towards life. No matter how difficult life is, we should face it with a smile. We can develop hobbies, share joys and sorrows with friends and family, and learn to care about others. The better we do, the happier our life will
Thanks to the special period, we have learned that if we live in a healthier way, we can win.
书面表达二
如今,越来越多的人加入了周末的志愿者队伍,学生是否应该做志愿者工作呢 为此,上周五我对我们班的学生进行了调查,结果如下。请你代写一篇不少于100词的调查报告。
Pros 60% ①一种很好的体验,帮助得到梦想的工作 ②消磨空余时间的好方法,以便于不会花时间做一些无聊的事,如:玩电脑游戏
Cons 40% ①浪费时间,影响学习 ②家长担心结交一些不良朋友 ③年龄小,容易累
我 ……
【答案】
Should students do volunteer work on weekends We did a survey in our class meeting last Friday. Here are the results.
60% of the students think students should do volunteer work on weekends. It is a good experience and it can help students get their dream jobs. Doing volunteer work is a good way to spend their free time so that they won’t spend their time doing some boring things, such as playing computer games. However, others disagree. They think it wastes their time and influences their studies. Some parents also worry that students will make some bad friends. What’s more, students are too young. They may get tired easily.
I think doing volunteer work can open our eyes to the outside world. We can also improve our living skills. It’s good for our future.(135 words)
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