八年级下册 Unit7-8（讲练学案）-2023年中考英语第一轮复习讲练测（人教版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
八下Unit 7-8
一、重点短语
Unit 7
1. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一
2. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
3. as far as I know 据我所知
4. run along 跨越… …
5. take in 吸入
6. in the face of difficulties 面临困难
7. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
8. at birth 在出生的时候
9. walk into sb. 撞到某人
10. fall over 摔倒
11. take care of=look after=care for 照顾;照料
12. every two years 每两年
13.take after（外貌/性格）相像
14.take away 带走/拿走
15.face a challenge 面临挑战
Unit 8
1. full of满是……的;(有)大量的;(有)丰富的
2. grow up长大;成熟;成长
3. put... down放下;记下
4. at least至少
5. hurry up赶快;急忙(做某事)
6. more than多于
7. fight over因为……而争论;争夺……
8. come to realize逐渐意识到
9. belong to属于
10. find out查明;弄清
二、精讲精练
要点1
population 人口；人口数量
①population常与定冠词the连用,做主语且强度整体人口时，谓语动词一般用单数.
②当主语时“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
③ 表示人口的\"多\"或\"少\"时, 用"large"或"small"
④ 询问某国、某地有多少人口时, 用\"How large... ";
⑤表示 “某地有多少人口” 时，常用
1）The population of ＋某地＋be＋数词（该句型中population前用冠词the。）
2）某地＋has a population of ＋数词＋（people）（该句型中population前用冠词a。）
【典例分析】
1.The population in Shen Zhen _______ getting bigger and bigger, and more than half of them ____ from other places.
is; comes B. are; come C.is; come D. are; comes
2.重庆的人口比以前多了很多。
The population in CQ becomes ________ ________ than before.
【答案】1.C 2.much bigger
要点 2
prepare的其他用法
（1）作为及物动词，其后接双宾语。即prepare sb. sth.= prepare sth. for sb., 意为“为某人准备某物”。其后也可接动词不定式作宾语，即prepare to do sth. 意为“准备做某事”。
The hostess prepared much food for the guests.
女主人为客人们准备了大量的食物。
We prepared to set out when it began to rain heavily.
我们正准备出发时，突然下起了大雨。
(2)作为不及物动词，意为“准备”，常用于prepare for sth., 意为“为……做准备”。
We are preparing for the coming exams.
我们正在为即将到来的考试做准备。
（3）其名词形式为preparation，意为“准备；预备”。
You can’t make great progress in your study without good preparation.
不好好准备，你就不可能在学习方面取得巨大进步。
【典例分析】
1. —What are you doing，Mike
—Oh，I'm ________the final English exam.
A. making for B. preparing for
C. looking for D. caring for
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——迈克，你正在做什么？——哦，我正在准备英语期末考试。考查动词短语及现在进行时。A. making for走向、促进；B. preparing for准备；C. looking for寻找；D. caring for关心、照顾。根据语境—What are you doing，Mike —Oh，I'm ________the final English exam.可知句子时态要用现在进行时，由句意“——迈克，你正在做什么？——哦，我正在准备英语期末考试。”可知B选项符合题意，故答案选B。
要点3 grow up
grow up意为“长大；成熟；成长”。 例如：
I grew up in Beijing. 我是在北京长大的。
I want to be a football player when I grow up. 我长大后想当一名足球运动员。
【拓展】
（1）grow into意为“长大成为”。例如：
Mary grew into a beautiful girl. 玛丽长成了一个漂亮的姑娘。
（2）grow还有“种植；增长”的意思。例如：
The farm grows all kinds of crops, such as rice, wheat and cotton.
这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼。例如：稻谷、小麦和棉花。
The population of the world is growing faster and faster.
世界人口增加得越来越快。
【典例分析】
1.—What is your brother going to be when he
—He is going to be a doctor.
A. gets up B. grows up C. stands up D. cuts up
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：——你哥哥长大时将做什么？——他将成为一名医生。A.起床；B.长大；C.站起来；D.切碎。问的是哥哥长大时做什么，所以用grows up长大，故选B。
2. 长大后你想成为一名医生吗
Do you want to be a doctor when you　 　　 　　 　
【答案】grow up
要点4
As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this.
as far as I know是一个固定的表达方式,还可以说so far as I know,意思是“据我所知”。
As far as I know, he will be away for three months.
As far as I can see, you have done nothing wrong. 依我看,你没有做错任何事。
【知识拓展】
as far as表示“像…那样远;远到…”,后跟名词或从句,强调至某一指明地点的距离。在否定句中也可用so far as。 She didn’t go as far as the others (did). as soon as表示 “ 一...就...” As soon as he got in the yard, his little son ran up to him.他一走进院子,他的小儿子就朝他跑过来。 I will tell him the news as soon as he comes. (主将从现)他一到,我就告诉他这个消息。 as well as“和...一样;也;和”,这个结构连接两个并列主语,谓语动词和前面那个一致;as well as也可以连接宾语。 Sam as well as I has much work to do. Sam和我一样,有很多工作要做。(表达的重点在Sam) He invited you as well as I. (I是主格,所以是和He并列的,所以这句话是说:他和我都邀请了你。 He invited you as well as me. (me是个宾格代词,只能是和you并列了:他不但邀请了你,还邀请了我。 as +adj/ adv+ as possible “尽可能…地” As soon as he saw the monster, Jack ran away as quickly as possible. Jack一看到妖怪,就以最快的速度跑开了。 The car cost as much as one million.这辆车花费高达一百万。 as long as表示“长达; 只要(接从句,一般遵循主将从现)”,否定句还可以用so long as The Great Wall is as long as 5,000 kilometers. I’ll go as long as the weather is good.
【典例分析】
1. —I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
—Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match ______.
A. starts B. started C. will start D. is starting
【答案】1.A 如果主句是一般将来时则从句用一般现在时表将来。
2. I’ll go to visit my aunt in England _______ the summer holiday starts.
A. while B. since C. until D. as soon as
【答案】句意：暑假一开始，我就要去看望我在英国的姑姑。A．while正当……的时候，B．since因为， C．until 直到， D．as soon as一……就…… 据题意，故选D。
3.只要努力了，你就会成功！
_________ ________ _______ you work hard, you will succeed!
【答案】As long as 只要表示“条件”的状语从句。
4.他一看到我，就向我问好。
_________ __________ ______he saw me, he said hello to me.
【答案】As soon as 一。。。就表示“时间”状语从句。
5.为了学习好英语，你要尽可能多的记单词。
In order to study English well, you should remember English words ________ _________ _______ _________.
【答案】as many as possible
要点5 include
including的用法
including作介词,意为“包括;包含”,后接名词、代词或动名词。例如:
The singer sang many songs, including some of my favourites.
这个歌手唱了很多首歌,包括一些我最喜欢的歌。
辨析include, including与included
include 作及物动词,可在句中作谓语,意为“包括;包含;使……成为一部分”。通常不用于进行时。
including 作介词,位于它所修饰的词之前,意为“包括”,和其后的名词、代词或动名词构成介宾短语,意为“包括……在内”。including+名词/代词=名词/代词+included。
included 作形容词,常位于名词或代词后,意为“包括在内的”。
　
【典例分析】
1.我有很多工作要做，包括做饭和打扫房间。
I have much work to do,__________ ____________ meals and cleaning the house.
【答案】including cooking。including是介词引导的介词短语在句中作状语，起补充说明的作用，前面可用逗号隔开。
2.我的工作包括做饭、打扫房间等。
My work __________ __________ meals, cleaning the house and so on.
【答案】includes。include是及物动词，在句中作谓语
3. I have to make breakfast for five people，____me.
A. include B. including C. included D. to include
【答案】B 此题用语法判定法。分析句子成分可知，空格前是一个完整的句子，排除A与C两项。including介词，意为“包括”，与后面的代词me构成介词短语。
要点 6：protect
protect 保护
(1) protect against
意为“使免受”(大事件）;防范
Exercise will protect against heart attacks.
运动可以防范心脏病。
(2) protect from
意为“使免受”（小事件）
He is always protecting himself from danger. 他总是保护着自己免受侵害
(3)　protection n.
意为“保护，防卫” Parents always provide protection for their children.
父母总是为他们的孩子提供保护。
【典例分析】
根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1. 我们愿意保护濒临灭绝的野生动物。
We’re willing to __________ ______________ wild animals.
【答案】protect from/against
要点7 achieve
achieve的用法
achieve意为“实现;达到;获得”时,一般只用作及物动词,通常以目标、目的、胜利、地位等作宾语,指排除各种困难、障碍而完成宏伟的目标或赢得胜利,如achieve a goal“实现目标”,achieve a dream“实现梦想”,achieve success“获得成功”。其同义短语为不及物动词短语come true,意为“实现”,一般由物(理想、愿望等) 作主语。例如:
My dream has come true.我的理想已经实现了。
2.achieve的名词形式为achievement,意为“成就;业绩;实现;达到”。例如:
We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain.
当到达山顶时,我们感到很有成就感。
辨析achieve与come true
achieve 表示 “实现”， 其主语通常是人
come true 表示 “实现”， 其主语通常是梦想等
【典例分析】
1. If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will ________.
A. come out B. come true C. achieve D. come on
【答案】B 句意：如果我们中国人一起努力，中国梦就会实现。Come true实现，成为现实。主语一般指“计划”“梦想，希望”等。Achieve one’s dream 实现梦想。主语一般指人。故答案选B
2.恐怕他的愿望很难实现。
I’m afraid his wish won’t __________ __________easily.
I’m afraid he won’t ___________ __________ _________easily.
【答案】come true achieve his dream
要点8 introduce
（1）introduce作及物动词，意为“介绍”，常用搭配introduce sb. to sb. else….把某人介绍给另一人；introduce oneself 自我介绍。例如：
Allow me to introduce a friend to you.让我给你介绍一个朋友。
May I introduce myself 我可以自我介绍吗？
Let me introduce myself. 让我做了个自我介绍。
introduce sb. to sth. 使某人初次了解……;使尝试。
introduce sb. to sb. 介绍某人给某人认识
【典例分析】
【典例分析】
1.杰克让我了解了这款新型手机。
Jack_________ __________ _________ the new type of mobile phone.
【点拨】 introduced me to “使。。。了解到”
1.Read the 　　 carefully. They will help you know how to use the machine.
A. instructions B. decisions C. results D. introductions
【点拨】A　考查名词辨析。instructions“使用说明”;decisions“决定”;results“结果”;introductions“前言,介绍”。由后句“它们会帮你了解怎样使用这台机器”可推知前句表示“仔细阅读使用说明”。　
2. Always read the ________ carefully before you start. It tells you how to use the machine.
A. instructions B. decisions C. results D. introduction
【点拨】A句意：开始前一定要仔细阅读说明书.。它告诉你怎样使用这台机器。本题考查名词词义辨析。A. instructions说明书； B. decisions决定；C. results 结果 ； D. introduction介绍。根据句意选A。
要点9 success
success 表示抽象意义的“成功”，是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数名词。例如：
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。
His new book was a great success.
他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。
【拓展】
（1）succeed 表示“成功”，是不及物动词；表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常接
in doing sth。例如：
His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。
At last he succeeded in solving the problem.
他终于把那个问题解决了。
She succeeded in (passing) the exam. 她考试及格了。
（2）successful作形容词，意为“成功的”；其副词形式是successfully。例如：
The performance was successful. 演出很成功。
It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。
【典例分析】
1. success, succeed, successful , successfully填空。
1）He is a _______ business man.
2）At last Mike _______ passing the exam.
3）Failure is the mother of _______.
4）You can finish this task _______ by hard working.
5）At last he __________ in solving the problem.
6）His new book was a great ____________.
【答案】1）Successful 2）succeeded in 3）success 4）Successfully
5）succeeded succeed in doing sth表示做某事做成功了.动词。 6）success
5）succeeded succeed in doing sth表示做某事做成功了.动词。 6）success
要点10 be full of
be full of 意为“充满的”，侧重指状态。例如：
The room is full of young people. = The room is filled with young people.
房间里全是年轻人。
【拓展】
be filled with意为“装满……；充满……”，和be full of 同义，但是更侧重动作。其主动形式为：fill with，意为“把……装满”。例如：
Everything is filled with new life. 万物充满了生气。
He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。
【典例分析】
1.—The box is too heavy to carry. What’s in it —Oh, it is _______books.
A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked for
【答案】A. be filled with 充满。Be covered with 被覆盖。Be used for 被用来。。。 be asked for 被。。。要求。
2.It is raining hard. The pool ______ water.
A.is filled of B. is full with C. is filled with D. is fulled of
【答案】C . be full of 和be filled with 都是固定搭配。
要点11
The hair band must belong to Linda. 这条发带一定是琳达的。(P58 2b)
belong to意为“属于，是······的”，不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态，且常可与名词性物主代词或名词所有格进行转换。其中to为介词。
These books belong to me. = These books are mine. 这些书属于我。
【辨析】belong to与be
belong to 表示某物“属于”某人，后常跟名词或代词宾格，不能跟名词性物主代词或名词所有格。不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。
be 表示“是”某人的，后接名词性物主代词或名词所有格
These CDs must belong to Liu Ming. 这些光盘一定属于刘明。
The basketball must be Bob's. 这个篮球一定是鲍勃的。
【典例分析】
1.The book must . She’s the only one who’s studying French.
A. belong to Li Ying’s B. be Li Ying
C. belong Li Ying’s D. belong to Li Ying
【答案】D
【解析】belong to 表示某物“属于”某人，后常跟名词或代词宾格，不能跟名词性物主代词或名词所有格。故答案选D
2. The red car is Jim’s and the blue one 　 　me.
A. belongs B. belongs to C. belonged to D. is belonged to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这部红色轿车是吉姆的，这部蓝色的属于我。
考查belong to的用法。belong to 意为“属于”，是固定短语，排除A；属于不及物动词，无被动语态；排除D；根据连词and前的一般现在时态，故后句也应用一般现在时态。故选B。
要点12
“one of+the或其他限定词+形容词最高级+名词复数”指在某一范围内“最……之一”，该结构做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
【典例分析】
1.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。
The Changjiang River is _______ ________ ________ _________ _________ in the world.
【答案】one of the longest rivers
2.他是我们班最优秀的学生之一。
He ________ ________ ________ _________ _________ ________ in our class
【答案】is one of the best students
要点13 leave
leave的用法
(1)作为动词，意为“离开；留下；忘了带”。
My father leaves home at 6:00 o’clock every morning. 我爸爸每天早上六点钟离开家。
Parents mustn’t leave their kids alone at home. 父母千万不可以把孩子单独留在家。
（2）拓展：
leave for sp. 意为“动身去某地”
Tom is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
汤姆明天动身去上海。
（3）注意：leave...是“离开……”的意思，而leave for...是“动身去……”的意思。
Today we’ll leave Changsha and tomorrow we’ll leave for Beijing.
今天我们将离开长沙，明天我们将动身去北京。
【典例分析】
1.— Show me your homework，Dave
— Sorry，Mrs. Brown. I ________ it at home.
A．do　 　B．forget　 　C．take　　 D．leave
【答案】D
【解析】此题考查动词词义辨析。do“做”；forget“忘记”；take“拿，取；花费”；leave“离开；遗忘”。根据句意“——Dave，给我看一看你的作业。——对不起，布朗女士。我________它在家里了。”可知此空表示“遗忘”。而“leave...＋介词短语”表示“把……遗忘在……”，故选D。
2. They ___________________ for Shanghai soon.
A. left B. leave C. are leaving D. leaves
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们马上就要出发去上海。考查时态辨析。根据句中的leave为位置转移动词，通常使用进行时表达其短暂的将来，而will构成的将来时通常表达“长时间的将来。故选C。
要点14
even though/even if都可引导让步状语从句，都不能与but连用，但可以与yet，still等连用。even though和even if一般可互换。语气比though/although强烈。
He won't tell me about the news even though/even if he knows it.即使他知道这消息，他也不会告诉我的
【典例分析】
根据汉语完成句子。
1.即使知道是无望的，我也坚持尝试。
I kept on trying, ______ _________ I knew it was hopeless.
【答案】even though/if
2.尽管雨下得很大，农民们仍然在农场里工作。
__________ ___________it’s raining hard, the farmers are still working on the farm.
【答案】even though/if
要点15
（1）a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如：
I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。
A large number of students in our school are from the countryside.
我们学校许多学生来自农村。
A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.
昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。
（2）the number of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English.
说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。
【典例分析】
1.The number of people invited to the party________ fifty, but a number of them________ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
【答案】C
【解析】句意：被邀请参加聚会的人数是五十人，但由于种种原因，许多人都缺席了。
考查主谓一致。根据A number of大量、很多；后接可数名词复数或代词，谓语动词用复数形式；The number of……的数字/数目；当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。结合“people”，故选C。
2.As we all know, __________ number of people learning Chinese is increasing rapidly.
A. a B. an C. the D. \
【答案】C
【解析】句意：众所周知，学习汉语的人数正在迅速增加。
考查冠词和a number of 和 the number of 的区别和用法。通常将冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三类。不定冠词有a 和 an两种形式，其中 a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an 用于元音音素开头的单词前；而定冠词只有the一种形式；根据空后number of 和“a number of 和 the number of 的区别和用法: 1、the number of意思是“……的数量”,跟复数名词连用作主语时,中心词是number,作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 2、a number of意思是“许多”,相当于 many,修饰可数名词复数。作主语时,谓语动词要用复数，”结合句意可知，此空应填定冠词the，故选C。
要点16 famous
famous作形容词时,可以作定语修饰名词,也可以放在be动词后作表语,意为"著名的;出名的"。
He is a famous actor.他是一位著名演员。
背例句学搭配
New York is famous for its skyscrapers纽约因其摩天大楼而出名。
She is famous as a writer.她作为一名作家而出名。
固定搭配
①be famous for..以出名
②be famous as...作为出名
辨析：be famous as 与 be famous for
be famous as +身份/职业， 意为“作为……而出名”
be famous for +原因，意为“因……而出名”
【典例分析】
1.山东潍坊现在因制作风筝而出名。
Weifang in Shandong Province _____________________ making kites now.
【解析】因.....而出名，用短语be famous /known for。故答案为：is famous /known for
2. Bondi beach is famous ________________ an interesting place _______________ holidays.
A. in ; for B. as ; for C. for ; to D. to ; as
【答案】B
【解析】句意：邦迪海滩是因为适合度假而作为一处有趣的地方而著名的。考查be famous与介词的短语搭配。根据句意可知是：因……而著名与作为……而著名。故选B。
A.形容词原级
1.as形容词/副词原形+as 像…一样 Tim is as tall as Tom.
not as(so)+形容词/副词原形+as “和… 不一样” Tim isn’t as/so tall as Tom.
… too+形容词原形+ to do sth. 太...而不能… He is too young to go to school.
3.形容词原级+ enough to do sth. 足够…可以…. He is old enough to go to school.
B.形容词比较级
1. 两者比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A+ be+比较级 + than +B”。
This box is bigger than that one.
2.在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型“Which / Who is +比较级, ... or ... ”。
如：Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one
3. “the + 比较级”与of the two/of the twins 连用
Lucy is the taller of the two.
4. 表示“越……，越……”时，用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”。
如：The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
5. 表示“越来越……”时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”，
多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”。
如：We should make our country more and more beautiful.
6. 形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰：much, a little, far, a bit, a lot, even, still等。
如：It's much colder today than yesterday.
C.形容词最高级的用法
1. 三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级形式。形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the，句末常接in / of短语来表示范围。
如：He is the strongest of all the boys.
He is the strongest in our class.
2. 表示“最……之一”时，用“one of + the + 最高级”。
如：One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas.
(句型：one of +the +最高级+名词复数+单数谓语)
基本句型训练：
1.他多么的开心啊！
__________ ____________ he is!
【答案】How happy
2.我觉得英语和语文一样重要。
In my point of view, English is ________ _________ _________ Chinese.
【答案】as important as (A=B as…as句式)
3. 我姐姐我细心得多。
My sister is __________ _________ __________ than me.
【答案】much more careful （A>B 比较级+than ，much修饰比较级）
4. 他妈妈很高兴。看！她正开心地在房间唱歌。
His mother is very __________. Look! She __________ _________ __________ in the room.
【答案】happy is singing happily
5.这本书不及那本书有趣。
This book _________ ___________ ___________ __________ that one
【答案】isn’t as/so interesting as (A6. 老师告诉我们一些有趣的事情
The teacher told us __________ ___________.
【答案】something interesting。（形容词修饰不定代词后置）
7. 这石头太重 我帮不动
The stone is _________ ________ _________ ________ ________ carry.
【答案】too heavy for me to (too…to句式)
8.这音乐听起来很美妙
The music _________ _____________.
【答案】sounds beautiful。（感官动词sound look feel taste smell用系表结构）
9. 那个公园变得越来越美丽。
The park is getting ______ _____ ______ ___________.
【答案】more and more beautiful(比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越”)
10. 雨正变得越来越大。
The rain is becoming _______ _______ _______ .
【答案】heavier and heavier (比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越”)
11. 你吃的越多就越胖。
_____ _____ you eat, ____ _______you will be.
【答案】The more the fatter.( The +比较级， the +比较级 表示“越来越”)
12.这本书比那本书难
The book is _______ _________ _________ that one
【答案】more difficult than （A>B 比较级+than ，much修饰比较级）
13.中山是中国最美丽的城市之一。
Zhongshan is one of ________ __________ __________ cities in China.
【答案】the most beautiful (表示“最……之一”，用one of +最高级+复数名词)
14 这本书比那本书更有得多趣。
This book is___________ ___________ ___________ _____________that one.
【答案】a lot more interesting than (a lot 修饰比较级)
15 今天比昨天冷。
It is today it was yesterday
【答案】colder than
现在完成时态
一、定义
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作，对现在造成的影响或结果。还可以表示动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去
二、动词形式
have/ has+过去分词。
三、时间标志
already已经，ever曾经，never从不 always总是 not...yet 目前为止还没有in the last few years在过去的几年里
so far目前，by now现在为止，just刚刚，since自从 before以前
for+一段时间 this month这个月 this year今年
四、句型
变否定句时在助动词have. has后加not，变一般疑问句时把助动词have has 提前。
五、具体用法
1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作，对现在造成的影响或结果。
Have you had the lunch yet？你吃过午饭了吗？
Yes，I have. I have just had it. 是的我刚吃过（现在我不饿了)
2. 可以表示，动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去，这时常与一些表示延续的时间状语连用，表示动作或状态持续的动词都是延续性动词，常和since引导的短语或从句以及for引导的短语连用
I haven't seen her these days.我这几天都没看到她了
I have been at this school for over two years.我已经在这所学校呆了两年多
3.since和for的区别
since+时间点
for+时间段
How long have you been in Beijing？I have been in Beijing for four years.
你在北京呆了多久？我在北京呆了四年
My father has been a teacher since 1968.我的爸爸自从1986年以来就是一名老师
注意：但在以下句子中，主句的谓语动词可以用一般现在时态，表示客观时间不受影响
It is three years since I began to work on the farm.我在农场工作已经三年了
It's a long time since I saw you last.
好久不见了
句型：It's +时间段since…
It has been+时间段 since…(主句用现在完成时从句用一般过去时）
自从…以来已经多久了
4.have（has） been to和have（has） gone to
have been表示曾经到过某地，表完成，已经回来了
have（has） gone表示已经去某地了，表经历，还没有回来
She has been to Shanghai.她去过上海（已经不在上海了）
She has gone to shanghai她到上海去了（她可能已在去上海的路上，或者已经到上海，总之现在不在这里）
六、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作，但现在完成时强调，这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果影响等，而一般过去时则表示，动作发生在过去，一般不表示和现在的关系.
I have lost my pen.把钢笔丢了（还没有找到，现在没有笔用）
She lost her pen yesterday.他昨天把笔丢了（笔是昨天丢的，现在找到与否没有说明）
2.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作，对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的状态，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语连用，如yesterday，last night，three weeks ago，in 1990等。
I have seen the film.我看过这部电影（了解这部电影的内容）
I saw the film last week.我上个星期看了这部电影（只说明上星期看的这部电影不涉及现在的情况）
He has lived here since 1992.1992年以来，他一直住在这里（现在还住在这里）
七、现在完成时的时间状语问题
1.现在完成时说明的是现在的情况，是现在时态，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语连用，但是现在完成时刻和表示过去的时间副词just和before连用
He has just come.他刚到
We have seen the movie before.我们以前看过这个电影
2.现在完成时长和表示不确定的时间的副词连用，如already，never，ever，always，yet等
Have you ever been in a plane？你坐过飞机吗？
The new books have not arrived yet.新书还没有到
3.现在完成时可以和包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如now，this month，this year等
We have planted many trees this year.我们今年种了很多树
八、现在完成时非延续性动词的转换
当现在完成时与延续的时间连用时（for+时间段），动词必须也是延续的动词。因此，就要把非延续性动词改成相应的延续性动词才能够和时间段连用。
I have bought the book for 2 weeks. ( x )bought为非延续性动词，不能与一段时间连用
I have bought the book. (√)
I have had the book for two weeks. (√)
常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换
（1) go (to)/ come (to)/arrive/get to/reach/move---be in/at become---be
return/go back/come back---be back
He arrived in Beijing ten minutes ago.他十分钟前到达北京
= He has been in Beijing for ten minutes.他已经在北京呆了十分钟了
2) open---be open close---be closed die----be dead marry---be married get married---be married leave--- be away finish/end---be over begin/start---be on
go to sleep/fall asleep--- be asleep fall ill---be ill
He left five minutes ago. 他五分钟前离开了
= He has been away for five minutes.他已经离开五分钟了
The film began ten minutes ago. 这部电影十分钟前开始了
= The film has been on since ten minutes ago.
这部电影已经开始十分钟了
3) buy---have borrow/lend---keep/have catch a cold---have a cold
put on---wear get to know---know begin to study---study
She bought this book last year. 她去年买的这本书
= She has had this book since last year.
她自从去年就已经买了这本书
总结：be动词可以表示状态，可以延续，可以与延续的时间连用。
【语法练习】
一、选择题
1.—Mum, I want to watch the news about our school. Change the channel, please!
—What a pity! It is eight o'clock now. It___________ for a while.
A. has been over B. was over C. has finished D. finished
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——妈妈，我想看我们学校的新闻。请换频道！——真遗憾！现在是八点钟。它已经结束一段时间了。
考查动词时态。has been over已经结束了，现在完成时；was over结束了，一般过去时；has finished已经结束了，现在完成时；finished结束，一般过去时。根据语境可知，学校新闻已经结束了，这件事对“现在不能观看了”产生了影响，故应为现在完成时，故排除B、D两项。另句中for a while表示一段时间，与现在完成时连用时，应用延续性动词，而动词finish为瞬时性动词，不能在现在完成时中与一段时间连用，故排除C项。be over表示延续性动作，可在现在完成时中与时间段连用，即has been over。故选A。
2.—It's ten years since we came here.
—How time flies! We ____ in China for so long.
A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked
【答案】D
【解析】句意：-自从我们来到这里已经有10年了。-时间过得真快啊！我们在中国工作了这么长时间了。work工作，动词原形；worked工作，一般过去时；will work一般将来时；have worked现在完成时。根据对话的情景以及句中的时间状语for so long可知，这里表示从过去一直持续到现在的一个动作，应用现在完成时，故选D。
3 — The room is very clean. Who __________ （2019·西宁中考）
A. cleaned B. have cleaned C. has cleaned D. will clean
【答案】C
【解析】现在完成时的基本用法：表示过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。“房间很干净，”这是现在的结果。是由“clean”这个动作产生的。Clean 这个动作是过去发生的，但结果是现在房间是干净的。所以要用现在完成时态。考查现在完成时最基本的定义。Who 做主语，用单数。
4. Have you ever _________to the Great Wall It’s very beautiful.
A. gone B. been C. went D. go
【答案】B
【解析】have been to 去过某地， have gone to 去了某地。（不再说话的地方）故用：have gone to
一、阅读目标
谈论地理环境和自己的经历。
浙江湖州2022年中考
Last week, I finally managed to ask my parents to buy me a new football shirt for the school match. I was very excited and wore it to the training before the match, but I wished I hadn’t done that! My new shirt was torn (破损) after the training and only a tailor (裁缝) could help!
As I walked home worriedly, I saw a shop sign: All Kinds of Repairs and Services! I went inside at once. I looked around the shop and saw broken toys, broken chairs … I wondered if I was in the wrong place. Just at that moment, a man with white hair came up to me and said cheerfully, “ Welcome! This is a repair shop and I can repair everything!”
“But...what I need is a tailor to deal with my football shirt.”
“You’ve come to the right place. I’ve been waiting a long, long time to repair a football shirt.”
“Really ” I held the shirt in my hands.
To my surprise, he took the shirt from me, put on glasses and sat down on the sofa with my shirt in his hands. “I guess you are a striker (前锋),” he smiled warmly. How could he know The man gave me a wink and said calmly, “See that picture on the wall That was me 30 years ago.”
I couldn’t believe my eyes! He was Orhan, the famous footballer who was on the city team years ago! I told him I was playing for the school team and I had been his fan for years. I told him everything, my dream, my practice and even my dad’s words. “Dad thinks I should be an engineer or a doctor.” I lowered my head.
“Follow your dream, choose a job you love and carry on.” The man smiled at me with his blue eyes. He patted (轻拍) me on the shoulder and put the shirt he had repaired in my bag.
Today I have become a footballer and I still keep that shirt in my closet.
1. Why did the boy go into the old man’s shop
A. To visit the old man. B. To get his football shirt back.
C. To repair his football shirt. D. To ask the old man for advice.
2. In which order did the boy’s feelings change in the story
A. surprised→encouraged→excited→worried B. surprised→excited→worried→encouraged
C. excited→worried→surprised→encouraged D. excited→surprised→encouraged→worried
3. What can we infer (推断) from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4
A. The old man repaired football shirts as his job.
B. The old man had a special feeling for football shirts.
C. The old man was relaxed when he saw the football shirt.
D. The old man had waited a long time for the boy to come.
4 What does the writer mainly want to tell us
A. Two heads are better than one. B. Action speaks louder than words.
C. Stick to your dream and you’ll make it. D. All things are difficult before they are easy.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C
【解析】本文通过作者自己的经历告诉我们：要坚持自己的梦想，最终会有成功的一天。
1.细节理解题。根据“My new shirt was torn (破损的) after the training and only a tailor (裁缝) could help!”可知，进入裁缝店是为了修补足球T恤；故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据“I was very excited and wore it to the training before the match, but I wished I hadn’t done that! ”；“As I walked home worriedly, I saw a shop sign”；“To my surprise, he took the shirt from me, put on glasses and sat down on the sofa with my shirt in his hands.”和“He patted me on the shoulder and put the shirt he had repaired in my bag.”可知，从兴奋到忧心忡忡的；再到惊讶，最后收到了老人的鼓励；故选C。
3.词句猜测题。根据“You’ve come to the right place. I’ve been waiting a long, long time to repair a football shirt.”和下文“He was Orhan, the famous footballer who was on the city team years ago!”可知，老人以前也是一名足球运动员，说明老人对足球T恤有一种特殊的情感；故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，作者的父母希望他能够成为一名工程师或医生，收到了老人的鼓励后，作者坚持自己的梦想，终于成为了一名足球运动员；故选C。
二、写作目标
【实战演练】
动物是我们的朋友。世界上的动物越来越少了，有些人杀死动物为了赚钱，有些动物赖以生存的家园遭到破坏，作为中学生，我们应该尽我们的努力去保护动物。
首先，让我们要让大家明白动物也是我们地球上的成员，现在，动物们正面临着巨大的危险。例如，有许多种动物会死。还有许多人吃珍贵的野生动物。他们是讨厌的。我们应该停止这种行为。那么，我们应该怎样保护动物。我们应该保护他们的栖息地。如果你看到其他人随意践踏动物的家，要很好地提醒他们，我们不能也吃一些野生动物。保护动物也就是保护我们自己！
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【范文赏析】
　Animals are our best friends. But they are becoming fewer and fewer .some people kill them to make money, Their homes are destroyed by people’s activities. As a student, we should try our best to protect animals.
First, let everyone know animals also one of members in our home . they are in great danger. there are many kinds of animals will die out. And there are many people eat precious and wild animals. They are awful. We students should take action and stop this behavior
Then, let us know we should how to protect animals. We should protect their habitat. If you see other people mindlessly trample animal homes, nicely remind them of the damage they're causing. We cannot also eat some wild animals. We should ask other people to protect them, too. Protecting animal is protecting ourselves.　
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