八年级上册 Unit1-2（讲练学案）-2023年中考英语第一轮复习讲练测（沪教牛津版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
八上Unit1-2
一、重点短语
Unit 1
1. in the countryside 在农村 2. die out灭绝
3. find out找出，发现 4. go for a walk 去散步
5. a number of许多 6. break open 打开，摔破
7. all kinds of 各种各类的 8. look for寻找
9. be important to sb对某人很重要 10.learn about 了解到
Unit 2
1.play chess 下国际象棋 2. a long time ago 很早以前
3. challenge...to... 向某人挑战 4. would like 想要
5. and so on 等等 6. from then on 从那以后
7. take place 发生 8. both... and... .....和....都....
9. copy down 抄写 10. at first 起初
11. in this way 用这种方式 12. all the year around 一年到头
二、精讲精练
要点1
look up 查，查找
look up是由动词＋副词构成的短语，如果宾语是代词，要放在look与up之间，如果是名词，可放在look up后面，也可以放在look与up之间。
【重点】另外注意动词后加介词构成动介短语，此时，该短语相当于一个及物动词，后面必须加宾语(由名词、代词或动名词充当)，且该宾语不能放在动介短语的中间。
May I come into this room？ 我可以进到这个房间里来吗？
(come into是动+介短语，宾语this room不能省略。)
【拓展】 与look有关的常用短语：
look out look through
look over look after
look forward to look like
look for look out of
【典例分析】
1.—What’s the meaning of “One Belt and One Road”
—Let me _____ the words in the new dictionary.
A. look at B. look for C. look after D. look up
【答案】D用短语辨析法解题。look at 看……；look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look up 查找。结合句意可知，“在词典中查找单词”。
要点2 inventor
【典例分析】
1.这位科学家发明了许多东西，他最重要的一项发明是电灯泡。。
The scientist_________ many things，his most important __________ was the light bulb.
【答案】第一空这位科学家发明了很多东西。发明用动词invent的过去时。invented。第二空 用名词形式。invention。注意invention一般做可数名词用。
要点3 ability
【典例分析】
1. 我有能力做好这份工作。
I have the ___________to do this job well. = I _______ _______ _______do this job well.
【解析】 ability 名词“能力” able 形容词 “能干的，能 会”第一空 我有能力做好这件工作。用名词ability 。第二空 我能将工作做好。am able to 情态动词。
要点4 win ; beat ; lose
Beat vt. 打败…, 战胜…
beat sb 打败某人。其宾语是对手(人或团队), 即表示人的名词或代词.
win sth. 赢得某物。 其宾语是比赛(game)、奖品(prize)或战争(war)等, 即表示物的名词或代词.
lose：输掉；失败（及物动词+比赛、竞赛、游戏奖品或奖项之类的名词作宾语）
（不及物动词 + to+人或团队之类的名词）
【典例分析】
1．—Which team _______ the match, Team One or Team Two
—Team One _______ Team Two.
A. won; won B. beat; beat
C. beat; won D. won; beat
【答案】D
【解析】句意：哪一个队赢得了比赛的胜利，一队还是二队？——一队击败了二队。充当win的宾语的是比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等名词；充当beat的宾语的则是比赛、竞争的对手，即指人或球队的名词或代词。故答案为D。
要点5
as…as… 意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。常用基本结构为：
as + adj. / adv. + as, 其否定结构为：
not as / so + adj. / adv. + as
【典例分析】
1.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
This film is ______ _______ ______ that one.
2.这本字典没有那本字典厚
This dictionary isn’t _____ ______ _______ that one.
【解析】 句式 甲与乙程度相同用 as as这个句式。答案：as interesting as
甲不及乙 用否定形式。not as …as 或not so….as 故答案为： so/as thick as
要点6
辨析die，death，dying 和dead 的用法区别。
die 是动词“死，死亡”，
death 是名词“死，死亡”。
dead 是形容词“死的”。
dying是形容词“快死的，垂死的”。
【典例分析】
用die，death，dying，dead的正确形式完成句子：
1.He in 1989 at the age of 76.
2.Two children were burnt to in the fire.
3.The man was already when the other people found him.
4.There is a lion in the zoo.
【答案】1.died 动词过去式。 2.death 名词，句意：2个孩子被烧死。3.dead 形容词。 4.dying dying是形容词“快死的，垂死的”。
要点 7：check
check及物动词，意为“检查；核实”。
Our teachers check our homework every day.
我们的老师们每天给我们检查作业。
Please check the answers.请核实答案。
拓展：check 的相关短语：
Check in登记；检票 check out办请手续后离开 check up检查
【典例分析】
1.用单词填空
You’d better c_____ your answers carefully before handing in your paper.
【解析】句意：在交试卷前你最好检查你的答案。Check 检查。check in后面课文将学到 登记入住。报到。
要点 7：promise
promise用作动词时，意思是“许诺”
用作名词，意思是“诺言, 希望, 约定”
常用短语： promise sb. sth 承诺给某人某物 promise that +从句 承诺 ......
promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 make a promise（to do） 许下承诺，保证
【典例分析】
1.我爸爸承诺买一部新自行车给我作为生日礼物。
My father _________ _________ _________ me a new bike as a birthday present.
【解析】promised to buy
2.当我们向别人许下诺言时，我们就应该去遵守它。
When we_________ __________ __________ to others, we should keep it.
【解析】made a promise
要点 8 rest
rest 用作名词时，意为“剩余”；
用作动词时，意为“休息”
用作名词时，意为“休息”
常用短语：the rest of 剩余的...... have a rest 休息一下
【典例分析】
1 剩下的日子我们该怎么过？
How should we spend _________ _________ _________ ___________
2 工作之余你应该休息一下。
You should ________ _______ _______ after the work.
【解析】1 the rest of days the rest 剩下来的 其余的。
2， have a rest（break）休息一会儿。
要点 9：challenge
challenge用作名词时，意思是“挑战”
用作动词时，意思是“挑战”
常用短语： accept a challenge 应战
challenge sb to 挑战某人做某事
【典例分析】
1.他向我挑战下象棋。（完成句子）
He______________ me ______________ chess.
【解析】challenges to challenge to 固配向某人挑战某事。
要点 10：instead
instead & instead of
instead 作为副词，意为“代替；而不是”，既可用于句首、也可以用于句中或句末。当instead位于句首起连接作用时，其前后一般用句号、逗号等标点隔开。 The professor didn’t answer my question. Instead, he asked me a question. 教授没有回答我的问题，相反，他问了我一个问题。
instead of 作为介词短语，意为“而不是”，其后常接名词、代词或动名词等。 Let’s go out for a walk instead of watching TV at home all day long. 让我们出去散步，而不是整日待在家里看电视吧。
【典例分析】
1.昨晚他待在家里，而没有去看电影
He stayed at home_________ ________ ________ to the cinema last night.
【解析】instead of going
2.她没有玩电脑游戏，而是为考试而学习。
She didn’t play computer games. She studied for the test __________.
【解析】instead
要点 11：happen
happen：指计划之外的“偶然发生”；
take place：指计划，安排之内的发生
短语区分：Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事”
Sb + happen to do sth：表示“某人碰巧发生了某事”
【典例分析】
1.昨天他发生了车祸。(翻译句子)
【解析】A car accident happened to him yesterday. Sth. + happen to sb：表示“某人发生了某事” “偶然发生的事故”所以用happen。
2.10年来我们的家乡发生很大的变化。(翻译句子)
【解析】 Our hometown has taken place a lot in the past 10 years. take place：指计划，安排之内的发生。这里不用happen。
要点 12：lead to
(1) (道路)等通往……。 (2) 引起(结果等)；导致。
（3）lead sb to some place 把某人带到某地lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事
【典例分析】
1. 过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
Too much work and too little rest often _________ _________ illness.
【答案】leads to 导致
2. 这条街能直通动物园吗
__________ this street _________ right __________the zoo
【答案】does lead to lead to 通往（某地）
要点13
thousands of 好几千；成千上万
thousands of，意为“好几千，成千上万”。thousand意为“一千”，用来表示不确定的数目时，thousand应变为复数，且在后面加of。
拓展：与thousand用法类似的词
Hundred (百), thousand (千), million (百万)等表示概数时，本身要用复数形式，后接“of+可数名词复数”，即“hundreds/thousands/millions +of+名词复数”，意为“数以百/千/百万计的……”。若这些数量词前有基数词，则直接用hundred /thousand/million等，不用复数形式，也不加of。
【典例分析】
1.每年人们会在山上种植成千上万棵树来保护环境。
Every year trees are planted on the hills to protect the environment.
【解析】thousands of
2. It is reported that nearly _________ foreign kids joined a British boarding school last year，and a third of them came from China．
A. nine thousand B. nine thousands C. nine thousand of D. nine thousands of
【解析】A句意：据悉，去年近九千个外国孩子加入了英国寄宿学校，其中三分之一来自中国。
考查数量的表达。thousand名词，千；前面有具体数字时，后面thousand不能用复数，也不能跟of; thousands of表示约数。故选A。
A some和any的用法
1. some和any都表示“一些；某些”的意思，都可以修饰可数名词复数形式和不可数名词。some常用于
肯定句中，any常用于否定句、疑问句中。如：
There is some water in the glass. 杯子里有一些水。
There isn’t any milk in the fridge. 冰箱里没牛奶。
2当some用于疑问句时，表示请求、建议，并期望得到对方的肯定回答。如：
Would you like some fish 想吃点儿鱼吗？
B somebody, anybody, nobody等的用法
1.由some，any，no，every加上?body，-one，-thing构成的不
定代词，叫做复合不定代词。如：
somebody = someone 某（些）人 something 某物；某事
anybody = anyone 任何人
anything任何事情（东西）；某些事情（东西）
nobody = no one 没有人 nothing 没有东西；没事
everybody = everyone 人人；所有人 everything所有事物；一切
2复合不定代词相当于名词，在句中作主语和宾语。这些代词都作单数看待，作主语时动词用单数形式。3.由some和any构成的复合不定代词的区别与some和any的区别一样，something，somebody, someone一般用于肯定句，anything，anybody, anyone一般用于否定句或疑问句中。something，somebody, someone用于疑问句中时，表示请求、建议，并期望得到对方的肯定回答。
4.复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，定语放在它们的后面。
一、用复合不定代词填空
1. ___________ is interested in the game because it’s interesting.
2. Be quiet! The teacher has _____________ to say.
3. Money isn’t ________________.
4. ______________is now playing football.
5. I want ______________ to eat. I’m hungry.
【答案】Somebody something everything Someone something
数词
一、定义与分类
数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词，如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。
二、基数词
1. hundred（百）, thousand（千）, million（百万）, billion(十亿)
About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。
Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
There are in our school.
A. six hundred B. six hundred of (×) C. six hundreds (×)
D. six hundreds of (×) E. hundred (×) F. hundreds (×)
G. hundreds of (Tips: S, of 总相随，数字S冤家一队. )
2. 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如：
He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头。
This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。
one two three four five six seven eight nine
first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth
eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen
eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth
twenty thirty hundred thousand million
twentieth thirtieth hundredth thousandth millionth
三、序数词 ( hundred—hundredth thousand—thousandth million--millionth)
基数词表示几个，后接名词复数，而序数词表示第几个（即一个），后接可数名词的单数。
如：six friends(六个朋友) the sixth friend（第六个朋友）
序数词前通常要用定冠词，但表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常可省略其前的定冠词。
如：My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。
He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。
注：有时序数词前不用定冠词，而用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加。
如：We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们得再做一次。
四、分数、倍数、小数和百分数
1. 分数。分数由基数词和序数词构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过“1”时，分母用复数。 如：
two thirds=2/3 three fifths=3/5
注：1/2 通常读作 a [one] half，一般不读作a second；1/4 可读作 a [one] fourth，也可读作 a [one] quarter。
2. 倍数。英语中表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three times等之类的词。如：
They’re twice the size of chickens. 它们比鸡大一倍。
Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。
3. 百分数。百分数由基数词和百分号(%)组成，百分号(%)读作 percent。如：
thirty percent=30% 60 percent=60%
4、小数。 小数点前的数按总数念，同其它基数词读法一样，小数点用point，小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如: 9.65读作nine point six five。218.39读作two hundred and eighteen point three nine。
五、表示日期
2006年10月October 2006 读作October, two thousand and six
1600年5月2日May 2nd, 2005 读作the second of May, sixteen hundred
六、表示钟点
半小时用half，一刻钟用a quarter，半小时以内用past，超过半小时用to。
08:00 eight o’clock或eight 09:15 nine fifteen或a quarter past/after nine
02:30 two thirty或half past/after two 05:45 five forty-five或a quarter to six
七、表示约数
1. 用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。如：
Thousands of people died in the earthquake.数以千计的人死于地震。
2. 用less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to等来表示小于或接近某数目。
如: nearly two hours将近两个小时。
3. 用more than, beyond, or more, over, above等来表示超过或多于某个数目。
如: more than 100 years一百多年。
4. 用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右。
如: about 50 pens大约五十支钢笔，a month or so大约一个月。
5. 用to, from…to…, between…and表示介于两数词。如：
His salary rose from 100 dollars a month to 120 dollars a month.
他的工资从每月100美元升到了每月120美元。
【典例分析】
一、用下列词的适当形式填空。
Even a child knows September is the month of a year.（nine）
We Chinese will celebrate the (ninety) birthday of the Chinese Communist Party (中国共产党)in many ways.
The (two)Sunday in May is Mother’s Day.
My family live on the （five）floor of the tall building.
My uncle lives on the （twelve）floor of the building.
I’ve bought a present for my father’s_________(forty)birthday.
Climb up to the (thirty-two) floor, and you can enjoy a better view.
I always brush my teeth (two) a day.
There are fifty students in our class, and two- (three) of them are girls.
10.Tom died in his (sixty）
【答案】1.ninth 2.ninetieth 3.second 4.fifth 5.twelfth 6.fortieth 7.thirty-second 8.twice 9.thirds 10.sixties
一、阅读目标
本模块以说明文的阅读训练为主。经过两个单元的学习，学生已经了解过关于百科全书的相关特点，了解了关于数字的故事，本节课授课内容为模块 Amazing things 主题下先关篇章和语法的复习。涵盖百科全书与数字的话题，包括限定词、不定代词、数词以及数字使用相关的语法。学生通过阅读本篇章，可以了解百科全书的特点，可以认识到数字的重要性。
【实战演练】
To Borrow Arrows with Thatched Boats
One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows（箭）in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was impossible, but Zhuge Liang said, “Give me three days.” Then he asked Lu Su to lend him 20 boats, and the soldiers put some scarecrows（稻草人）in line on the boats. He reminded Lu Su not to tell Zhou Yu what was happening.
When Lu Su came again to see Zhuge Liang, he found nothing unusual. Nothing happened on the second day, either. In the small hours（凌晨）of the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su for a boat ride. The 20 boats were tied together with strong ropes. Zhuge’s fleet went towards the camp of Cao Cao. The surface of the river was covered with thick mist（雾）all over. People could hardly see each other on the river. When Zhuge’s fleet got close to the Cao camp before dawn（黎明）, Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to shout and beat drums heavily to pretend an attack. But Zhuge and Lu Su only sat inside one boat drinking wine to enjoy themselves.
As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and drum beating, they mistook it for a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp. Since they could see nobody on the river, they had to order 3,000 soldiers to shoot arrows to stop the unexpected attack. The front of the scarecrows was quickly full of arrows. After a while, Zhuge Liang had his fleet turned around to get the other side of the scarecrows to face the Cao camp. When both sides were full of arrows, the day broke. Zhuge Liang ordered his soldiers to return. The soldiers shouted in excitement, “Thank you, Cao Cao, for your arrows.” After they got back to their camp, they collected more than 100,000 arrows in total from the scarecrows.
1. How many days did Zhuge Liang need to make 100,000 arrows
A. One day. B. Two days. C. Three days. D. Ten days.
2. The underlined word “feet” probably means _________ in Chinese.
A. 船帆 B. 甲板 C. 船浆 D. 船队
3. Who created the idea to get the arrows
A. Zhou Yu. B. Zhuge Liang. C. Lu Su. D. Cao Cao.
4. The soldiers in the Cao camp shot arrows because _________.
A. the Zhou Yu camp started an attack
B. they could see each other on the river
C. they mistook the shouting and beating for a surprise attack
D. Lu Su beat the drums
5. How did Zhou Yu probably feel after Zhuge Liang returned with over 100,000 arrows
A. Surprised. B. Bored. C. Tired. D. Lonely.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A
【解析】本文主要讲述了“草船借箭”的故事。
1.细节理解题。根据“but Zhuge Liang said, ‘Give me three days.’ ”可知，诸葛亮认为需要三天来造十万支箭。故选C。
2.词义猜测题。根据“The 20 boats were tied together with strong ropes. Zhuge’s fleet went towards the camp of Cao Cao”可知，20艘船用结实的绳子系在一起，诸葛亮带着自己的船队向曹操的营地进发，所以fleet表示“船队”，故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据“Zhou Yu thought it was impossible, but Zhuge Liang said, ‘Give me three days.’ Then he asked Lu Su to lend him 20 boats, and the soldiers put some scarecrows（稻草人）in line on the boats.”及“In the small hours（凌晨）of the third day, Zhuge Liang invited Lu Su for a boat ride”可知，是诸葛亮想出了这个借箭的主意，故选B。
4.细节理解题。根据“As soon as the Cao camp heard the shouting and drum beating, they mistook it for a surprise attack by the Zhou Yu camp…they had to order 3,000 soldiers to shoot arrows to stop the unexpected attack”可知，因为曹军一听到喊声和鼓声，就误以为是周瑜的突然袭击，故选C。
5.推理判断题。根据“One day, Zhou Yu ordered Zhuge Liang to make 100,000 arrows（箭）in ten days. Zhou Yu thought it was impossible”可知，周瑜认为在10天内弄到10万支箭是不可能的，所以当诸葛亮成功地在很短的时间内完成时，他会感到很惊讶，故选A。
二、写作目标
本单元选用是百科全书上的文章，介绍人或物。所以学生们要学会写一些介绍人或物的文章。也要学
会有关描述数据的报告
【实战演练】
假如你们班正在举行英语读书节活动，你准备向同学们介绍《百科全书》。请你根据以下内容提示，完成你的发言稿。
内容提示：
1.《百科全书》是记录人类一切知识的工具书；
2. 东方国家和西方国家都有自己的《百科全书》；
3.人们可以在网络上查阅有关《百科全书》的信息;
4.补充1-2点你对百科全书的看法。
要求:80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； 可适当各挥。
参考词汇:record记录reference book工具书
Dear classmates,
I am going to introduce the Encyclopaedia to you.
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Dear classmates,
I am going to introduce the Encyclopaedia to you. Encyclopaedia is a reference book to record all kinds of knowledge of human beings. Both western countries and eastern countries have their own Encyclopaedia. People can look up the information about Encyclopaedia on the Internet, and it is very convenient.
I think Encyclopaedia is very useful and helpful. People can know a lot of knowledge from it. If there is something I am not sure, I will look up the Encyclopaedia at once.
I believe you will be interested in the Encyclopaedia if you have a look at it. That’s all. Thank you!
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