八年级上册 Unit3-4（讲练学案）-2023年中考英语第一轮复习讲练测（沪教牛津版）
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| 名称 | 八年级上册 Unit3-4（讲练学案）-2023年中考英语第一轮复习讲练测（沪教牛津版） |  | |
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
八上Unit 3-4
一、重点短语
Unit 3
1.Work as从事…工作 2.(be)unaware of没意识到;未察觉
3.depend on依靠 4.in addition除……以外(还)
5.one day总有一天;有朝一日 6.be able to能够
7.happen to.发生在…身上 8.grand total总计;共计
9. stop sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事 10.look forward to(doing)sth.盼望(做)某事
11. be short of 缺乏；缺失 12. in the 1940s 在20世纪40年代
13 at a faster speed 以更快的速度
Unit 4
1.since then自那以来 2.in history在历史上
3.keep in touch with与……保持联系 4. in the daytime在白天
5. keep…off使…不接近(或不接触、远离)… 6. at the same time同时
7. help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 8. start to do sth./ doing sth.开始做
9. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做 10. instead of prep.代替，作为…的替换
11. in the early 19th century在19世纪早期 12. turn into 变成
二、精讲精练
要点 1：order
order n. 订货；订购
1）We were producing your order. 我们正在做你们的订单。
2）We will finish your order as soon as possible. 我们将尽快完成您的订货。
order还可作动词，意为“订购；点食物”的意思。
1)He ordered a gift for his friend on the Internet.
他在网上为他朋友定购了一份礼物。
in order to do sth 为了做某事
give orders 发出指示；给出命令 in order 整齐；状况良好
out of order 出故障；不整洁 order sb to do sth 命令某人干某事
in order to do sth 为了做某事
【典例分析】
一、写出下列画线单词的词性及汉语意思。
1.The police ordered them to wait right there.
【答案】动词，命令。
2.He ordered a cup of coffee
【答案】动词。订购，点（菜）
3.He got up early in order to catch the early bus.
【答案】为了做某事。
4.You can order those books on the Internet very quickly.
【答案】order 订购之意，动词。你可以很快在网上订购这些书。
5.The boss placed an order for 100 trucks.
【答案】order 名词 订单。 place an order 下订单。固定搭配。老板下了100卡车的订单。
要点2 stop
stop的用法
（1）stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，doing是stop的宾语，是要停止的动作。
（2）stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”, to do是stop的状语，表示目的，是要开始做的事情。
（3）stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事
【典例分析】
1. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
【答案】D你看起来很累，所以你必须停止工作。故答案选D。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
2. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
【答案】B 最后，我们感到累，我们停下来休息。故答案选B。stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”
要点3 compare
compare…with…与compare…to…的区别
compare用作动词“比较，对比，比作”。常用短语：
“compare with”表示“把……和……相比”，表示同类人或事物相比较，是指研究评判人与人之间、事
物与事物之间相同或相异的程度；
（2）“compare to 表示“比喻为……”，是指出两者之间的关系相似，常表示不同类人或事物相比作、比拟,意味着两种事物有共同之处。如：
He compared his camera with mine.他把他的照相机跟我的比较。
We often compare a teacher to a candle. 我们常把老师比喻成蜡烛。
(3) compared with/to...意为“和……相比”，该短语通常要求与其他词语组成独立状语，放在句首。如：
Compared with/to other cities, I think Guilin is more beautiful.
和其他城市相比，我认为桂林更漂亮。
【典例分析】
1.请不要老是拿我和别人作比较！
Do not always __________ me __________ others, please!
【答案】compare with 表示“把……和……相比”，表示同类人或事物相比较.
2.他们都开始把他比作雷锋。
They all started to __________ him __________ Lei Feng.
【答案】compare to “compare to 表示“比喻为……”，是指出两者之间的关系相似，常表示不同类人或事物相比作
要点4 control
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1.The police should be called in ___________ the crowd.
【答案】control 动词 警察被招过来控制这群人。
2.This is the TV remote c________.
【答案】remote control 遥控器。名词。
要点5 depend
1)depend v.视……而定；决定(于)
Whether we start or not depends on the weather.
我们是否开始取决于天气。
2)常用短语depend on意为“依靠”，后接名词或代词，它的主语可以是人也可以是物，但含义不同。
人＋depend(s) on(依靠)；物＋depend(s) on(视……而定)。
The old man depends on his son. 那位老人依靠他的儿子。
Our plan depends on time. 我们的计划取决于时间。
拓展 that depends＝it all depends 那得看情况
【典例分析】
1. —Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow
—Well, it all the weather.
A. gets on B. puts on C. tries on D. depends on
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我们明天去野餐好吗？——哦，这得看天气。A. gets on上车；B. puts on穿上；C. tries on试穿；D. depends on取决于。结合本题语境可知，D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
要点 6
①表能力，can相当于be able to，两者意思相同，都表“能，会”， can 只能用于现在时和过去时（could），但是be able to 还可用于将来时和完成时（通常不用于进行时或be going to 连用）。如：
②表示过去一般性能力，用could 和was(were) able to 均可，但若表示过去特定场合的能力，则通常用was (were) able to，而不用could。如：
③be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如：
④can可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to通常不这样用。如：
【典例分析】
1. I am sure he will ________ pass the exam.
A. be able to B. can C. able D. could
【答案】A be able to 和can 都是表能力，can相当于be able to，两者意思相同，都表“能，会”， can 只能用于现在时和过去时（could），但是be able to 还可用于将来时和完成时。故答案选A
要点7 since
since的用法
（1）作为介词，意为“自……以来”，后接时间点作时间状语，常用于现在完成时，可以和“for + 时间段”互换。
I have known him since 10 years ago.自从10年前我就认识他了。
= I have known him for 10 years.我认识他已经有10年了。
（2）作为连词，意为“自……以来”,引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。（3）作为连词，还可译为“由于；既然”，引导原因状语从句，表示很明显的原因。
【典例分析】
1.It’s almost eight years we saw each other last time.
A since B. before C. after D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：自从我们上次见面以来已经快八年了。
考查连词辨析。A. since自从……以来；B. before在……之前；C. after在……之后；D. when当……时候。本句为固定用法，即It’s +一段时间 +since +一般过去时态的句子。故选A。
2.—How long have you lived here
—________ about 5 years ________ my family moved to the city.
Since; for B. For; since C. For; for D. Since; since
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你住在这里有多长时间了？——自从我家搬到这座城市有五年了。
考查介词、连词辨析。since自从，可以作介词或者连词，引导时间状语从句；for介词，后面可跟一段时间。作连词时可以引导原因状语从句。第一个空后about 5 years是名词短语，表示一段时间，故用介词For；第二个空后是一个从句，表示时间，应用since引导。故选B。
要点8 frighten
frighten 是动词，意为“使惊恐；使害怕”，后面常接名词或代词。
例如：The sudden noise frightened me. 突如其来的噪音吓了我一跳。
【拓展】frighten 的形容词有两个：
(1) frightened 意为“惊吓的；害怕的”，常用来修饰表示人的名词，常用句型有：
be frightened of ...意为“ 害怕……”；
be frightened to do ... 意为“ 害怕做……”。
frightening 意为“令人恐惧的；引起惊恐的”，常用来修饰表示事物的名词。
例如：I am frightened of dogs. 我怕狗。
【典例分析】
1. I am frightened _______ speak English in class，because I am afraid _______ being laughed at.
A. to; of B. of; to C. in; of D. of; in
【答案】be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事，to后加动词原形。be frightened of sth. 害怕某事，of后加名词或者动名词。
2.我害怕夜晚出去
I_________ _________ ___________ ___________ out at night.
= I __________ ____________ _____________ __________ out at night
【答案】am frightened to go / am frightened of going
要点 9：funny
funny 滑稽的； 有趣的
funny形容词，意为“滑稽的 有趣的；好笑的~，指人或事滑稽可笑，常用来作定语或表语。其比较级和最高级形式分别为funnier，funniest.
例：He told us some funny stories. 他给我们讲了一些有趣的故事，
知识拓展
1)funny的名词形式是fun，意为“娱乐；有趣的事”，主要指某事“有趣， 好玩”.
例：There's plenty of fun for all the family. 有许多供全家玩的娱乐。
2)Have fun意为“玩得开心；过得快乐；玩乐”，与 “have a good time”“enjoy oneself"同义。
例：Disneyland is a good place to have fun. 迪士尼乐园是一个玩乐的好地方。
③have fun后跟动词时要用动名词形式
Have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很开心/高兴”。
【典例分析】
1.－I'm going to Mary's birthday party. Bye, Mom.
— _________，David!
A. Best wishes B. Have fun C. Take care C. No problem
【答案】B
【解析】可用情景交际法解答本题。have fun“玩得愉快”。故选B.
2.We went to the beach last Sunday, and we had great fun _______ volleyball.
A. play B. playing C. played D. to play
【答案】B
【解析】have fun“过得高兴”，其后跟V-ing形式。
要点10 create
create v. 创造；创作
Write a short article about a new invention that you will create. 写一篇短文，描述你将创造的一个新发明。
【拓展】
creation 创造物 ，作品n
creator 创造者 n
creative 有创造力的adj
creativity 创造力 n
The creator created the creation. He is creative. 这个创造者创作了这个作品，他很有创造力
【典例分析】
1.You can _______________ a website for your class.
2.The bathroom is entirely my own _______________.
3.Like so many _______________ people, he was never satisfied.
【答案】：１. create动词。句意：你能为你的班级创建一个网站。
２.这个浴室完全是我个人的创作。creation 名词。创造物
３. 正如许多有创造力的人一样，他永不满足。creative有创建性的
要点11 practical
practice作动词，意为“练习，实践”。既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词。其后可以接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。【注意】也可以做名词，practice为不可数名词。例如：
practise 只做动词，作动词用法与 practice同
My little brother practices the piano every day.
我的小弟弟每天弹钢琴。
Do you often practice playing football after school？
你经常放学后踢足球吗？
【典例分析】
1.Your invention is very _______________.
2.She practised ＿＿＿＿＿＿（play） the piano in the primary school basement.
3.She was taking her daughter to basketball ______________ every day.
4._______________ experience is often very important.
【答案】：１. practical. 你的发明很实用。形容词。２.playing practise后面动词只用ｖｉｎｇ形式
３. practice 她那时每天带她的女儿去进行篮球训练。Practice名词。
４. Practical 实际的经历通常很重要。形容词修饰名词
要点12 develop
develop v. 开发；研制
Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879. 托马斯·爱迪生在1879年研制了第一个有用的电灯泡。
【拓展】
developed 发达的
developing 发展中的
Canada is a developed country. 加拿大是一个发达国家。
China is a developing country. 中国是个发展中国家。
【典例分析】
1.Will they _______________ their own machines
2._______________ of new energy takes time.
3.China is a socialist country, and a _______________ country as well.
4.Britain is a modern, _______________ country.
【答案】：１. develop 他们是否将开发出自己的机器呢？develop “研发 开发” 动词
２. Development 开发新能源需要时间。Development 名词，发展。
３. developing country中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
４. developed 英国是一个现代化的发达国家。
要点13 in与after
in two weeks意为“两周后”，其结构为“in＋一段时间”，表示“在……之后”，常用于一般将来时，对其提问时用how soon（多久）。
I will finish the work in two hours.
两小时后我将完成那项工作。
辨析：in与after
（1）in表示以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子中。
（2）after以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态的句子中；在某个特定的时间以后，after也可用于将来时态的句子中。
he will be back in three weeks. 三周后她将会回来。
He started on Sunday and arrived in Hong Kong after three days. 他星期天动身，三天之后到达了香港。
I will arrive after four o’clock. 我四点后到达。
【典例分析】
1. 用after和in填空
1)I will return to my hometown ________two weeks.
2)— How soon will he be back — __________an hour.
3)__________two hours’ walk, we felt very tired.
4) He will be back_______ 8 o’clock.
【答案】1）in 2)in 3)after 4)after
形容词的比较级和最高级
英语中的形容词，在表示“比较……”和“最……”这样的概念时，要用特别的形式，称为比较级和最高级，与之相对，原来的形式称为原级。
1.形容词比较级的用法
句型：A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B。
两者相比较，表示“A比B更……一些”时，要用than引出比较的对象。
如：He is taller than me. 他比我高。
句型：Which+ be+形容词比较级，A or B 如：
Which is cheaper, the shirt or the dress
哪件便宜些，衬衫还是 裙子？
2.形容词最高级的用法
句型：A + be + the +形容词最高级+名词+表示比较范围的 介词短语或从句。
三者或三者以上相比较，表示“A是（所有……中）最…… 的”。 如：
The Yangtze is the biggest river in our country.
长江是我国最大的河流。
Which+ be+ the+形容词最高级，A,B or C 如：
Which is the largest, China, Russia or Canada
哪一个国家最大，中国、俄罗斯还是加拿大？
3、形容词常用结构
1，A>B 比较级+than
2，A=B as…as
3, A4, 比较级的修饰语有 than:
much, even, a little, a lot, + 比较级
5,比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越”
warmer and warmer, nicer and nicer, more and more beautiful,
The +比较级， the +比较级 表示“越来越” the more， the better.
6, 表示“最……之一”，用one of +最高级+复数名词；
基本句型训练：
1.我觉得英语和语文一样重要。
In my point of view, English is ________ _________ _________ Chinese.
【答案】as important as (A=B as…as句式)
2. 我姐姐我细心得多。
My sister is __________ _________ __________ than me.
【答案】much more careful （A>B 比较级+than ，much修饰比较级）
3.这本书不及那本书有趣。
This book _________ ___________ ___________ __________ that one
【答案】isn’t as/so interesting as (A4. 老师告诉我们一些有趣的事情
The teacher told us __________ ___________.
【答案】something interesting。（形容词修饰不定代词后置）
5. 那个公园变得越来越美丽。
The park is getting ______ _____ ______ ___________.
【答案】more and more beautiful(比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越”)
6. 雨正变得越来越大。
The rain is becoming _______ _______ _______ .
【答案】heavier and heavier (比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越”)
7. 你吃的越多就越胖。
_____ _____ you eat, ____ _______you will be.
【答案】The more the fatter.( The +比较级， the +比较级 表示“越来越”)
8.这本书比那本书难
The book is _______ _________ _________ that one
【答案】more difficult than （A>B 比较级+than ，much修饰比较级）
9.中山是中国最美丽的城市之一。
Zhongshan is one of ________ __________ __________ cities in China.
【答案】the most beautiful (表示“最……之一”，用one of +最高级+复数名词)
10 这本书比那本书更有得多趣。
This book is___________ ___________ ___________ _____________that one.
【答案】a lot more interesting than (a lot 修饰比较级)
A. good, bad 和far的比较级及最高级
学习good，bad和far 的比较级及最高级。这三个单词的比较级及最高级是特殊变化形式，没有规律可
循，需要记忆。请看下表：
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
bad worse worst
far farther / further farthest / furthest
注意：farther 和further 都是far 的比较级，两者的区别如下：
farther 指距离或时间上“更远的（地）”
further 指距离或时间上“更远的（地）”，可与farther互换
指程度上“更进一步；更深远”
例如：Guangzhou is farther / further from Beijing than Shanghai is.
比起上海，广州离北京更远。
We are waiting for the further report about the weather.我们正在等待进一步的天气报道。
He studied much further in this subject than any other student in his class.
在这个学科上，他学得比班上其他学生深入得多了。
B. (not) as ... as
1.as ... as 意为“和……一样”，表示同级的比较。
使用时要注意第一个as 为副词，第二个as 为连词。
其基本结构为as +形容词或副词原级+ as。
例如：This game is as interesting as that one. 这个游戏和那个一样有趣。
2.其否定式为not as / so +形容词或副词原级+as，意为“不如……”。
例如：This car is not as / so expensive as that one. 这辆轿车不如那辆贵。
3.若有修饰成分，如a quarter，half，twice，three times 等，则须置于第一个as 之前。
例如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。
【典例分析】
1.This is__________ (good) film I have ever seen.
2. I am as__________ (young) as her.
3.I will have a__________ (far) study of the plant this year.
4.I want__________ (much) rice. Tm still hungry now.
5.Who drank__________ (little) milk, Lily, Mary or Tom
6.The sootier you are, the________ (good) it will be.
【答案】1. the best 2. young 3. further 4. more 5. the least
一、阅读目标
本模块以说明文的阅读为主。经过两个单元的学习，学生已经通过第三单元了解过关于电脑外观、用途和未来发展趋势和第四单元文介绍车轮、电话和电灯这三项发明的科普文章，从而认识到这些伟大的发明不但改变了人类的生活，同时推动了社会的进步。要求学生能读懂科技方面的文章。
【实战演练】
C
AI is a double-edged sword. It can help us, but also cause us harm. Who is using AI Is AI replacing humans What should we do to avoid the risks and dangers that AI might bring
Artificial intelligence is set to benefit mankind in many ways. It will make everyday tasks easier and bring efficiency to various industries. It might just prove to be one of man's greatest inventions.
And yet, like any other technology, ▲ . In February 2018, a group of AI experts got together to discuss the possible misuse of AI. What they found was that "Every AI advance by the good guys is an advance for the bad guys, too," according to Quartz.
Their biggest concern was that criminals (罪犯) could use AI for wrongful purposes. One of the areas they looked at was the use of AI to create websites that could be used to steal people's personal information. Another possibility is that AI programs could be taught to hack software and break into computer secure systems.
There are some other concerns as well. It is possible that AI could be used to create fake images and videos. Chinese tech giant Baidu, in fact, has developed a program called Deep Voice that can "clone" anyone's voice by studying a 3.7-second audio sample.
Many leading figures in the tech world have expressed concern about AI. People like Bill Gates and Elon Musk have called for the industry to be more strictly regulated, as there are few laws right now on the use of AI.
However, this is set to change. In March 2018, the European Union plans to set up a group that will discuss the moral and ethical dangers of advanced AI – and hopefully, suggest some regulations that will help us keep it safe for mankind.
1．Which of the following can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 3
A．AI makes our life easier B．AI will also bring risks
C．AI is around us everyday D．AI beats human in many ways
2．Some experts have concerns about AI because ________.
A．it makes people lazier B．it is developing too fast
C．it will replace workers in the future D．some people may use it to do bad things
3．Deep Voice is mentioned to show ________.
A．how AI is developed B．what AI can do in the future
C．why Baidu is a tech giant D．how AI can copy voices
4．We can infer from the passage that _______.
A．there may be new laws to regulate the use of AI.
B．AI will bring more harm than benefit to mankind.
C．many AI programmers will become criminals.
D．there will only be fake news and videos online.
5．This passage is written mainly to ________.
A．tell readers that AI is a new invention B．introduce what AI is really about
C．show that AI also has disadvantages D．suggest some rules for AI
【答案】BDDAC
【解析】人工智能是一把双刃剑。它可以帮助我们，但也给我们造成伤害。本文主要介绍人工智能的一些缺点以及欧盟即将采用的应对办法。
1．推理判断题。根据本段后文“ In February 2018, a group of AI experts got together to discuss the possible misuse of AI.”可知，此处描述人工智能被滥用的问题，不当使用可能会带来危害，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Their biggest concern was that criminals (罪犯) could use AI for wrongful purposes.”可知，他们最大的担心是罪犯把人工智能用于非法目的。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Deep Voice that can ‘clone’ anyone’s voice by studying a 3.7-second audio sample”可知，提到Deep Voice是为了展示人工智能是如何复制声音的。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章内容及最后一段中“…and hopefully, suggest some regulations that will help us keep it safe for mankind.”可知，可能会有新的法律来规范人工智能的使用。故选A。
5．主旨大意题。本文大篇幅用来讨论人工智能的缺点和弊端，呼吁可以提出一些规章制度，帮助我们保护人工智能对人类的安全。故选C。
二、写作目标
能够介绍发明和科学技术简单的说明文
【实战演练】
科学技术是第一生产力，创新是引领发展的第一动力。
中国人民勤劳睿智，创新产品层出不穷，日新月异。假如你是李华，你们学校英语社团正在开展“创新生活”主题征文活动，请结合自身经历介绍你日常学习或生活中经常使用的新发明，说说你对它的评价及它带给你的改变。
提示词语：technology, High-speed Train, shared bikes, convenient, develop
提示问题：
·What new invention do you use in your daily life
·What do you think of it
·How does it affect your life
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Technology plays an important role in our daily life. We benefit from them a lot and they are changing our lives greatly. Of hundreds of technological inventions, I like the high-speed train best.
In the past, it took me about 20 hours from Shenzhen to Shanghai . But now it only takes me about 4 hours to get to Shanghai. This saves me a lot of time. Moreover, it’s comfortable to take the high-speed train because it moves smoothly, and I can do some reading and watch movies without any problem. I can not only enjoy the view out of the windows but also have a relaxing time on the train. Many people choose to take the high-speed train because of the lower price than the plane. And it is very convenient. What a great creative invention!
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2023年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
八上Unit 3-4
一、重点短语
Unit 3
1.Work as从事…工作 2.(be)unaware of没意识到;未察觉
3.depend on依靠 4.in addition除……以外(还)
5.one day总有一天;有朝一日 6.be able to能够
7.happen to.发生在…身上 8.grand total总计;共计
9. stop sb. from doing sth阻止某人做某事 10.look forward to(doing)sth.盼望(做)某事
11. be short of 缺乏；缺失 12. in the 1940s 在20世纪40年代
13 at a faster speed 以更快的速度
Unit 4
1.since then自那以来 2.in history在历史上
3.keep in touch with与……保持联系 4. in the daytime在白天
5. keep…off使…不接近(或不接触、远离)… 6. at the same time同时
7. help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 8. start to do sth./ doing sth.开始做
9. allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做 10. instead of prep.代替，作为…的替换
11. in the early 19th century在19世纪早期 12. turn into 变成
二、精讲精练
要点 1：order
order n. 订货；订购
1）We were producing your order. 我们正在做你们的订单。
2）We will finish your order as soon as possible. 我们将尽快完成您的订货。
order还可作动词，意为“订购；点食物”的意思。
1)He ordered a gift for his friend on the Internet.
他在网上为他朋友定购了一份礼物。
in order to do sth 为了做某事
give orders 发出指示；给出命令 in order 整齐；状况良好
out of order 出故障；不整洁 order sb to do sth 命令某人干某事
in order to do sth 为了做某事
【典例分析】
一、写出下列画线单词的词性及汉语意思。
1.The police ordered them to wait right there.
【答案】动词，命令。
2.He ordered a cup of coffee
【答案】动词。订购，点（菜）
3.He got up early in order to catch the early bus.
【答案】为了做某事。
4.You can order those books on the Internet very quickly.
【答案】order 订购之意，动词。你可以很快在网上订购这些书。
5.The boss placed an order for 100 trucks.
【答案】order 名词 订单。 place an order 下订单。固定搭配。老板下了100卡车的订单。
要点2 stop
stop的用法
（1）stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，doing是stop的宾语，是要停止的动作。
（2）stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”, to do是stop的状语，表示目的，是要开始做的事情。
（3）stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事
【典例分析】
1. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
【答案】D你看起来很累，所以你必须停止工作。故答案选D。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
2. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
【答案】B 最后，我们感到累，我们停下来休息。故答案选B。stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”
要点3 compare
compare…with…与compare…to…的区别
compare用作动词“比较，对比，比作”。常用短语：
“compare with”表示“把……和……相比”，表示同类人或事物相比较，是指研究评判人与人之间、事
物与事物之间相同或相异的程度；
（2）“compare to 表示“比喻为……”，是指出两者之间的关系相似，常表示不同类人或事物相比作、比拟,意味着两种事物有共同之处。如：
He compared his camera with mine.他把他的照相机跟我的比较。
We often compare a teacher to a candle. 我们常把老师比喻成蜡烛。
(3) compared with/to...意为“和……相比”，该短语通常要求与其他词语组成独立状语，放在句首。如：
Compared with/to other cities, I think Guilin is more beautiful.
和其他城市相比，我认为桂林更漂亮。
【典例分析】
1.请不要老是拿我和别人作比较！
Do not always __________ me __________ others, please!
【答案】compare with 表示“把……和……相比”，表示同类人或事物相比较.
2.他们都开始把他比作雷锋。
They all started to __________ him __________ Lei Feng.
【答案】compare to “compare to 表示“比喻为……”，是指出两者之间的关系相似，常表示不同类人或事物相比作
要点4 control
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1.The police should be called in ___________ the crowd.
【答案】control 动词 警察被招过来控制这群人。
2.This is the TV remote c________.
【答案】remote control 遥控器。名词。
要点5 depend
1)depend v.视……而定；决定(于)
Whether we start or not depends on the weather.
我们是否开始取决于天气。
2)常用短语depend on意为“依靠”，后接名词或代词，它的主语可以是人也可以是物，但含义不同。
人＋depend(s) on(依靠)；物＋depend(s) on(视……而定)。
The old man depends on his son. 那位老人依靠他的儿子。
Our plan depends on time. 我们的计划取决于时间。
拓展 that depends＝it all depends 那得看情况
【典例分析】
1. —Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow
—Well, it all the weather.
A. gets on B. puts on C. tries on D. depends on
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我们明天去野餐好吗？——哦，这得看天气。A. gets on上车；B. puts on穿上；C. tries on试穿；D. depends on取决于。结合本题语境可知，D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
要点 6
①表能力，can相当于be able to，两者意思相同，都表“能，会”， can 只能用于现在时和过去时（could），但是be able to 还可用于将来时和完成时（通常不用于进行时或be going to 连用）。如：
②表示过去一般性能力，用could 和was(were) able to 均可，但若表示过去特定场合的能力，则通常用was (were) able to，而不用could。如：
③be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如：
④can可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to通常不这样用。如：
【典例分析】
1. I am sure he will ________ pass the exam.
A. be able to B. can C. able D. could
【答案】A be able to 和can 都是表能力，can相当于be able to，两者意思相同，都表“能，会”， can 只能用于现在时和过去时（could），但是be able to 还可用于将来时和完成时。故答案选A
要点7 since
since的用法
（1）作为介词，意为“自……以来”，后接时间点作时间状语，常用于现在完成时，可以和“for + 时间段”互换。
I have known him since 10 years ago.自从10年前我就认识他了。
= I have known him for 10 years.我认识他已经有10年了。
（2）作为连词，意为“自……以来”,引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。（3）作为连词，还可译为“由于；既然”，引导原因状语从句，表示很明显的原因。
【典例分析】
1.It’s almost eight years we saw each other last time.
A since B. before C. after D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：自从我们上次见面以来已经快八年了。
考查连词辨析。A. since自从……以来；B. before在……之前；C. after在……之后；D. when当……时候。本句为固定用法，即It’s +一段时间 +since +一般过去时态的句子。故选A。
2.—How long have you lived here
—________ about 5 years ________ my family moved to the city.
Since; for B. For; since C. For; for D. Since; since
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你住在这里有多长时间了？——自从我家搬到这座城市有五年了。
考查介词、连词辨析。since自从，可以作介词或者连词，引导时间状语从句；for介词，后面可跟一段时间。作连词时可以引导原因状语从句。第一个空后about 5 years是名词短语，表示一段时间，故用介词For；第二个空后是一个从句，表示时间，应用since引导。故选B。
要点8 frighten
frighten 是动词，意为“使惊恐；使害怕”，后面常接名词或代词。
例如：The sudden noise frightened me. 突如其来的噪音吓了我一跳。
【拓展】frighten 的形容词有两个：
(1) frightened 意为“惊吓的；害怕的”，常用来修饰表示人的名词，常用句型有：
be frightened of ...意为“ 害怕……”；
be frightened to do ... 意为“ 害怕做……”。
frightening 意为“令人恐惧的；引起惊恐的”，常用来修饰表示事物的名词。
例如：I am frightened of dogs. 我怕狗。
【典例分析】
1. I am frightened _______ speak English in class，because I am afraid _______ being laughed at.
A. to; of B. of; to C. in; of D. of; in
【答案】be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事，to后加动词原形。be frightened of sth. 害怕某事，of后加名词或者动名词。
2.我害怕夜晚出去
I_________ _________ ___________ ___________ out at night.
= I __________ ____________ _____________ __________ out at night
【答案】am frightened to go / am frightened of going
要点 9：funny
funny 滑稽的； 有趣的
funny形容词，意为“滑稽的 有趣的；好笑的~，指人或事滑稽可笑，常用来作定语或表语。其比较级和最高级形式分别为funnier，funniest.
例：He told us some funny stories. 他给我们讲了一些有趣的故事，
知识拓展
1)funny的名词形式是fun，意为“娱乐；有趣的事”，主要指某事“有趣， 好玩”.
例：There's plenty of fun for all the family. 有许多供全家玩的娱乐。
2)Have fun意为“玩得开心；过得快乐；玩乐”，与 “have a good time”“enjoy oneself"同义。
例：Disneyland is a good place to have fun. 迪士尼乐园是一个玩乐的好地方。
③have fun后跟动词时要用动名词形式
Have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很开心/高兴”。
【典例分析】
1.－I'm going to Mary's birthday party. Bye, Mom.
— _________，David!
A. Best wishes B. Have fun C. Take care C. No problem
【答案】B
【解析】可用情景交际法解答本题。have fun“玩得愉快”。故选B.
2.We went to the beach last Sunday, and we had great fun _______ volleyball.
A. play B. playing C. played D. to play
【答案】B
【解析】have fun“过得高兴”，其后跟V-ing形式。
要点10 create
create v. 创造；创作
Write a short article about a new invention that you will create. 写一篇短文，描述你将创造的一个新发明。
【拓展】
creation 创造物 ，作品n
creator 创造者 n
creative 有创造力的adj
creativity 创造力 n
The creator created the creation. He is creative. 这个创造者创作了这个作品，他很有创造力
【典例分析】
1.You can _______________ a website for your class.
2.The bathroom is entirely my own _______________.
3.Like so many _______________ people, he was never satisfied.
【答案】：１. create动词。句意：你能为你的班级创建一个网站。
２.这个浴室完全是我个人的创作。creation 名词。创造物
３. 正如许多有创造力的人一样，他永不满足。creative有创建性的
要点11 practical
practice作动词，意为“练习，实践”。既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词。其后可以接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。【注意】也可以做名词，practice为不可数名词。例如：
practise 只做动词，作动词用法与 practice同
My little brother practices the piano every day.
我的小弟弟每天弹钢琴。
Do you often practice playing football after school？
你经常放学后踢足球吗？
【典例分析】
1.Your invention is very _______________.
2.She practised ＿＿＿＿＿＿（play） the piano in the primary school basement.
3.She was taking her daughter to basketball ______________ every day.
4._______________ experience is often very important.
【答案】：１. practical. 你的发明很实用。形容词。２.playing practise后面动词只用ｖｉｎｇ形式
３. practice 她那时每天带她的女儿去进行篮球训练。Practice名词。
４. Practical 实际的经历通常很重要。形容词修饰名词
要点12 develop
develop v. 开发；研制
Thomas Edison developed the first practical light bulb in 1879. 托马斯·爱迪生在1879年研制了第一个有用的电灯泡。
【拓展】
developed 发达的
developing 发展中的
Canada is a developed country. 加拿大是一个发达国家。
China is a developing country. 中国是个发展中国家。
【典例分析】
1.Will they _______________ their own machines
2._______________ of new energy takes time.
3.China is a socialist country, and a _______________ country as well.
4.Britain is a modern, _______________ country.
【答案】：１. develop 他们是否将开发出自己的机器呢？develop “研发 开发” 动词
２. Development 开发新能源需要时间。Development 名词，发展。
３. developing country中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
４. developed 英国是一个现代化的发达国家。
要点13 in与after
in two weeks意为“两周后”，其结构为“in＋一段时间”，表示“在……之后”，常用于一般将来时，对其提问时用how soon（多久）。
I will finish the work in two hours.
两小时后我将完成那项工作。
辨析：in与after
（1）in表示以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子中。
（2）after以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间以后，常用于过去时态的句子中；在某个特定的时间以后，after也可用于将来时态的句子中。
he will be back in three weeks. 三周后她将会回来。
He started on Sunday and arrived in Hong Kong after three days. 他星期天动身，三天之后到达了香港。
I will arrive after four o’clock. 我四点后到达。
【典例分析】
1. 用after和in填空
1)I will return to my hometown ________two weeks.
2)— How soon will he be back — __________an hour.
3)__________two hours’ walk, we felt very tired.
4) He will be back_______ 8 o’clock.
【答案】1）in 2)in 3)after 4)after
形容词的比较级和最高级
英语中的形容词，在表示“比较……”和“最……”这样的概念时，要用特别的形式，称为比较级和最高级，与之相对，原来的形式称为原级。
1.形容词比较级的用法
句型：A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B。
两者相比较，表示“A比B更……一些”时，要用than引出比较的对象。
如：He is taller than me. 他比我高。
句型：Which+ be+形容词比较级，A or B 如：
Which is cheaper, the shirt or the dress
哪件便宜些，衬衫还是 裙子？
2.形容词最高级的用法
句型：A + be + the +形容词最高级+名词+表示比较范围的 介词短语或从句。
三者或三者以上相比较，表示“A是（所有……中）最…… 的”。 如：
The Yangtze is the biggest river in our country.
长江是我国最大的河流。
Which+ be+ the+形容词最高级，A,B or C 如：
Which is the largest, China, Russia or Canada
哪一个国家最大，中国、俄罗斯还是加拿大？
3、形容词常用结构
1，A>B 比较级+than
2，A=B as…as
3, A4, 比较级的修饰语有 than:
much, even, a little, a lot, + 比较级
5,比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越”
warmer and warmer, nicer and nicer, more and more beautiful,
The +比较级， the +比较级 表示“越来越” the more， the better.
6, 表示“最……之一”，用one of +最高级+复数名词；
基本句型训练：
1.我觉得英语和语文一样重要。
In my point of view, English is ________ _________ _________ Chinese.
【答案】as important as (A=B as…as句式)
2. 我姐姐我细心得多。
My sister is __________ _________ __________ than me.
【答案】much more careful （A>B 比较级+than ，much修饰比较级）
3.这本书不及那本书有趣。
This book _________ ___________ ___________ __________ that one
【答案】isn’t as/so interesting as (A4. 老师告诉我们一些有趣的事情
The teacher told us __________ ___________.
【答案】something interesting。（形容词修饰不定代词后置）
5. 那个公园变得越来越美丽。
The park is getting ______ _____ ______ ___________.
【答案】more and more beautiful(比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越”)
6. 雨正变得越来越大。
The rain is becoming _______ _______ _______ .
【答案】heavier and heavier (比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越”)
7. 你吃的越多就越胖。
_____ _____ you eat, ____ _______you will be.
【答案】The more the fatter.( The +比较级， the +比较级 表示“越来越”)
8.这本书比那本书难
The book is _______ _________ _________ that one
【答案】more difficult than （A>B 比较级+than ，much修饰比较级）
9.中山是中国最美丽的城市之一。
Zhongshan is one of ________ __________ __________ cities in China.
【答案】the most beautiful (表示“最……之一”，用one of +最高级+复数名词)
10 这本书比那本书更有得多趣。
This book is___________ ___________ ___________ _____________that one.
【答案】a lot more interesting than (a lot 修饰比较级)
A. good, bad 和far的比较级及最高级
学习good，bad和far 的比较级及最高级。这三个单词的比较级及最高级是特殊变化形式，没有规律可
循，需要记忆。请看下表：
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
bad worse worst
far farther / further farthest / furthest
注意：farther 和further 都是far 的比较级，两者的区别如下：
farther 指距离或时间上“更远的（地）”
further 指距离或时间上“更远的（地）”，可与farther互换
指程度上“更进一步；更深远”
例如：Guangzhou is farther / further from Beijing than Shanghai is.
比起上海，广州离北京更远。
We are waiting for the further report about the weather.我们正在等待进一步的天气报道。
He studied much further in this subject than any other student in his class.
在这个学科上，他学得比班上其他学生深入得多了。
B. (not) as ... as
1.as ... as 意为“和……一样”，表示同级的比较。
使用时要注意第一个as 为副词，第二个as 为连词。
其基本结构为as +形容词或副词原级+ as。
例如：This game is as interesting as that one. 这个游戏和那个一样有趣。
2.其否定式为not as / so +形容词或副词原级+as，意为“不如……”。
例如：This car is not as / so expensive as that one. 这辆轿车不如那辆贵。
3.若有修饰成分，如a quarter，half，twice，three times 等，则须置于第一个as 之前。
例如：Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。
【典例分析】
1.This is__________ (good) film I have ever seen.
2. I am as__________ (young) as her.
3.I will have a__________ (far) study of the plant this year.
4.I want__________ (much) rice. Tm still hungry now.
5.Who drank__________ (little) milk, Lily, Mary or Tom
6.The sootier you are, the________ (good) it will be.
【答案】1. the best 2. young 3. further 4. more 5. the least
一、阅读目标
本模块以说明文的阅读为主。经过两个单元的学习，学生已经通过第三单元了解过关于电脑外观、用途和未来发展趋势和第四单元文介绍车轮、电话和电灯这三项发明的科普文章，从而认识到这些伟大的发明不但改变了人类的生活，同时推动了社会的进步。要求学生能读懂科技方面的文章。
【实战演练】
C
AI is a double-edged sword. It can help us, but also cause us harm. Who is using AI Is AI replacing humans What should we do to avoid the risks and dangers that AI might bring
Artificial intelligence is set to benefit mankind in many ways. It will make everyday tasks easier and bring efficiency to various industries. It might just prove to be one of man's greatest inventions.
And yet, like any other technology, ▲ . In February 2018, a group of AI experts got together to discuss the possible misuse of AI. What they found was that "Every AI advance by the good guys is an advance for the bad guys, too," according to Quartz.
Their biggest concern was that criminals (罪犯) could use AI for wrongful purposes. One of the areas they looked at was the use of AI to create websites that could be used to steal people's personal information. Another possibility is that AI programs could be taught to hack software and break into computer secure systems.
There are some other concerns as well. It is possible that AI could be used to create fake images and videos. Chinese tech giant Baidu, in fact, has developed a program called Deep Voice that can "clone" anyone's voice by studying a 3.7-second audio sample.
Many leading figures in the tech world have expressed concern about AI. People like Bill Gates and Elon Musk have called for the industry to be more strictly regulated, as there are few laws right now on the use of AI.
However, this is set to change. In March 2018, the European Union plans to set up a group that will discuss the moral and ethical dangers of advanced AI – and hopefully, suggest some regulations that will help us keep it safe for mankind.
1．Which of the following can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 3
A．AI makes our life easier B．AI will also bring risks
C．AI is around us everyday D．AI beats human in many ways
2．Some experts have concerns about AI because ________.
A．it makes people lazier B．it is developing too fast
C．it will replace workers in the future D．some people may use it to do bad things
3．Deep Voice is mentioned to show ________.
A．how AI is developed B．what AI can do in the future
C．why Baidu is a tech giant D．how AI can copy voices
4．We can infer from the passage that _______.
A．there may be new laws to regulate the use of AI.
B．AI will bring more harm than benefit to mankind.
C．many AI programmers will become criminals.
D．there will only be fake news and videos online.
5．This passage is written mainly to ________.
A．tell readers that AI is a new invention B．introduce what AI is really about
C．show that AI also has disadvantages D．suggest some rules for AI
【答案】BDDAC
【解析】人工智能是一把双刃剑。它可以帮助我们，但也给我们造成伤害。本文主要介绍人工智能的一些缺点以及欧盟即将采用的应对办法。
1．推理判断题。根据本段后文“ In February 2018, a group of AI experts got together to discuss the possible misuse of AI.”可知，此处描述人工智能被滥用的问题，不当使用可能会带来危害，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Their biggest concern was that criminals (罪犯) could use AI for wrongful purposes.”可知，他们最大的担心是罪犯把人工智能用于非法目的。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Deep Voice that can ‘clone’ anyone’s voice by studying a 3.7-second audio sample”可知，提到Deep Voice是为了展示人工智能是如何复制声音的。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章内容及最后一段中“…and hopefully, suggest some regulations that will help us keep it safe for mankind.”可知，可能会有新的法律来规范人工智能的使用。故选A。
5．主旨大意题。本文大篇幅用来讨论人工智能的缺点和弊端，呼吁可以提出一些规章制度，帮助我们保护人工智能对人类的安全。故选C。
二、写作目标
能够介绍发明和科学技术简单的说明文
【实战演练】
科学技术是第一生产力，创新是引领发展的第一动力。
中国人民勤劳睿智，创新产品层出不穷，日新月异。假如你是李华，你们学校英语社团正在开展“创新生活”主题征文活动，请结合自身经历介绍你日常学习或生活中经常使用的新发明，说说你对它的评价及它带给你的改变。
提示词语：technology, High-speed Train, shared bikes, convenient, develop
提示问题：
·What new invention do you use in your daily life
·What do you think of it
·How does it affect your life
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Technology plays an important role in our daily life. We benefit from them a lot and they are changing our lives greatly. Of hundreds of technological inventions, I like the high-speed train best.
In the past, it took me about 20 hours from Shenzhen to Shanghai . But now it only takes me about 4 hours to get to Shanghai. This saves me a lot of time. Moreover, it’s comfortable to take the high-speed train because it moves smoothly, and I can do some reading and watch movies without any problem. I can not only enjoy the view out of the windows but also have a relaxing time on the train. Many people choose to take the high-speed train because of the lower price than the plane. And it is very convenient. What a great creative invention!
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