八年级下册 Unit 5-6（讲练学案）-2023年中考英语第一轮复习讲练测（沪教牛津版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
八下Unit 5-6
一、重点短语
Unit 5
1. 濒危动物 2. 在野生环境中
3. 照顾 4. 独自
5. 保持健康 6. 生育
7. 失去家园 8. 听说
9. 出生时 10. 纪念……
11.其余的 12. 多于；超过
【答案】endangered animal in the wild take care of on one’s own stay healthy
give birth to lose one’s home hear of at birth in memory of the rest of more than
Unit 6
1. 抱住某物 2. 照顾；照料
3. 一小部分 4. 更为重要的是
5. 无所事事地混日子 6. 阻止某人做某事
7. 对……忠诚的 8. 出于这些原因
9. 继续 10. 除了……别无选择
11.死于 12. 一直
【答案】hold sth. in one’s arms care for a small number lie around what’s more
keep sb. from doing sth. (be) faithful to for these reasons keep on have no choice but to do 11.die of 12.all the time
二、精讲精练
要点 1：endangered
endangered濒危的
(1) danger n. 危险 in danger 处于危险中 out of danger 脱离危险
(2) endanger v. 危及；使遭受危险
(3) dangerous adj. 危险的
【典例分析】
【典例分析】
1.The girl is in . 这个女孩处于危险之中。
【答案】danger 名词。In danger 处于危险中。
2.It is to play with fire. 玩火是危险的。
【答案】dangerous
3.Pandas are animals.熊猫是濒危动物
【答案】endangered
4.When one walks in a forest alone at night, he may be______ because there are many______ animals around them.
A. dangerous; in danger B. dangerous; dangerous C. in danger; dangerous D. in danger; in danger;
【答案】C句意： 当一个人晚上独自在森林里行走时，他可能是因为周围有许多危险的动物而有危险。第一个空，in danger，有危险，第二个空，animals是名词，其前是形容词，dangerous，是形容词，危险的 ， 故选C。
要点 2：weight
weight重量
1.weigh v. 称重；重达
2.put on weight 增肥 lose weight 减肥
【典例分析】
1.Will you ____________ (weight)this letter for me
2.She ____________ 50 kilograms. = She is 50 kilograms in ____________. (weight)
3.An adult panda________ 100-150 kilograms. That is to say, its ______ is 100-150 kilograms..
A. weight; weight B. weighs; weighs C. weight; weigh D. weighs; weight
【答案】1.weigh 称重；重达。动词。2. weighs weight
3. D weigh; 动词，“重多少，”“称重” weight 名词“重量”故答案选D
要点3：population
population (统称)某领域的生物；族群；人口
1.population 常与定冠词the连用，作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。当主语表示“人口的百分之几或几分之几”时，谓语动词用三人称单数。
2.表示人口的“多”或“少”，不用much或little，要用large或small。
3.表示“某地/某一范围内有多少人口”时，用have/has a population of。
【典例分析】
1_______ is the population of the city
A. How many B. How much C. What
2.Seventy percent of the population __________ (be) farmers.
3.The population of that country ________ doubled from 30 million in the 1980s to 60 million today.
A. has B. have C. had D. will have
【答案】1.C 2.is
3.这里考查population的用法。Population做主语时用单数，这里是现在完成时，故选A。注意：表述人口多或少，用“big”“large”“small”修饰，不用much或many修饰。问人口多少时用what’s the population of …不能用how many/much。
要点 4：face
face v. 面对
1.make faces 做鬼脸
2.face to face 面对面
【典例分析】
1. He turned and _____ her.
A. faces B. faced C. faced to
2.The giant pandas are ____________(face) dangers.
3.我们需要面对面讨论一下这个问题。
We need to discuss the problem .
【解析】1.B face 面对。及物动词。 2.facing 3.face to face
要点 5：complaint
complaint投诉；抱怨
【例句】
I haven’t the patience to hear your complaints again. 我没耐性再听你的抱怨。
【拓展】
(1)complain vt. 投诉；抱怨
He complained that the exam was too hard. 他抱怨考试太难了。
(2)complain vi. 投诉；抱怨(后面+to/about/of)
I’ve really got nothing to complain of. 我确实没有什么可抱怨的。
(3)complain to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
【典例分析】
1.The woman kept ______________ (complain)about the noise from her neighborhood last night.
2.They’ve received a number of______________ (complaint)from customers about their poor service.
【答案】1.complaining 动词 2.complaints 名词。抱怨。
要点6：
noise n. 噪音
【考点分析】①名词，其形容词是noisy。要表示“制造噪音”，用make noise。
② noise，voice和sound辨析
noise 表示让人感觉不舒服的声音，一般指噪音 Don’t make any noise in class.课堂上不要制造噪音。
voice 表示优美的声音，也可以表示音量。 一般指人的声音 She has a beautiful voice. 她有一副优美的嗓音。
sound “声音”，“响声”讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声言。这个词的使用范围很大。可以说，大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sound，该词还可以用作感官动词，意思是“听起来”。 You can hear all kinds of sounds in the city. 在城市你能听到各种声音。 This music sounds beautiful.这音乐听起来很优美。
【典例分析】
1.The music made me think of the ________ of a running stream.
A．shout　 B．noise C．voice　 D．sound
【答案】D
【解析】A．shout 喊声。　 B．noise不好听的声音。噪音 C．voice　人的声音，
D．sound自然界所发出的声音。流动小溪的声音。故答案选D。
2. Don’t make so much _______. My baby is sleeping.
A. voice　 B. sound　 C. noise　 D. choice
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。voice嗓音; sound声音; noise噪音; choice选择。根据句意“不要制造这么多噪音, 我的孩子在睡觉。”可知选noise。
要点7
responsibility n. 责任
(1)responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的
(2)be responsible for=be in charge of 对……负责任
【典例分析】
1.A little child doesn’t feel much _______________ (responsible).
2.The driver _________ ____________ __________ (对……负责任) the passengers’ safety.
【答案】1. more responsible 2.is responsible for /has responsibility for
要点 8： nearly
nearly几乎；差不多
【辨析】nearly与 almost
(1)在肯定句中，两者通常可以互换。
He almost always arrives late.=He nearly always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。
He is almost as tall as his father.=He is nearly as tall as his father. 他差不多与他爸爸一样高。
(2)almost强调“差一点……就”(=very nearly), 可用于no, none, nothing等词前面，而nearly则无此用法; 但almost不能用not修饰。
Almost no one(=Hardly anyone)believes him again. 几乎没有人再相信他了。
The old man said almost nothing worth listening to. 那老人说的几乎没什么值得听的。
(3)nearly意为“接近”时，常与almost换用，但在具体数字前常用nearly。not修饰nearly 意为“远非；远不及”。
【典例分析】
1—This summer is very hot.
—Yes, but it’s not _________ as hot as last summer.
A. nearly B. almost C. near
2.His grandma is ___________ (near) 90 years old.
【答案】1.A nearly一般与not连用。 2.nearly 几乎，差不多。
要点9 common
common adj.常见的；通常的；普遍的
【例句】
Such behaviour of the little boy is common to his mother. 小男孩的妈妈对他的这种行为已司空见惯。
【拓展】
(1)commonly adv. 通常地；一般地
(2)uncommon adj. 不寻常的；罕见的
(3)in common 共同的；共有的
(4)It’s common knowledge that... ……是常识；……是众所周知的事
【典例分析】
1.这对双胞胎有许多共同点。（完成句子）
The twins have _______ _________ _________.
2.Roses are quite _________ flowers in English gardens.
A. common B. different C. unusual
3. I have a lot ________ _________ (共同点) with my pen pal.
【答案】1.much in common 2.A common 形容词，普通的。3.in common
要点10 believe
believe作动词，意为“相信；认为有可能”。例如：
I don’t believe him. 我不相信他。
(1) believe用作及物动词时，后面可跟名词、代词或that/wh-从句作宾语，也可接that从句(表示将来)充当直接宾语的双宾语。例如：
I believe that man. 我相信那个人。
Everybody believed her. 大家都相信她。
He believed what his friend told him. 他相信他的朋友告诉他的话。
I believe you that he will be there. 我相信你他会在那里。
(2) believe后接从句如果表示否定，否定词往往要放在主句里。例如：
I don’t believe he can fix the bike. 我认为他修不好这辆自行车。
【拓展】
believe sb.与believe in sb.
believe与believe in都有“相信”的意思。其区别在于：believe sb.表示相信某人说的话是真的；而believe in sb.则指相信某人的人格。例如：
I can believe him, but I cannot believe in him.
我可以相信他的话是真的，但是不相信他的为人。
【典例分析】
用believe的各种词性填空。
1.I ___________(believe). that I will get through the interview.
2.Without it, you won’t have enough _________(believe).and passion.
3.Her explanation certainly sounded ___________(believe)..
4.Seeing is _____________ (believe).
5.Our ___________ (believe) is very important in competitions.
【答案】1.believe 2.belief 3. believable 4.believing 5.belief
6.—Mom, I won the first prize in the speech competition!
—Wonderful! As long as you ________ yourself and keep trying, you will succeed.
A．dress up B．believe in C．pick up D．leave out
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意：“妈妈，我演讲比赛得了一等奖！”“太棒了！只要你相信自己并不断努力，你会成功的。”根据句意可知，此处表示相信自己，故选B。
7. I ________ what you said, but I don’t ________ you.
A．believe; believe in B．believe in; believe C．believe; believe D．believe in; believed
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我相信你所说的话，但是我不信任你。
考查动词辨析。believe相信，相信某人的话；believe in信任（某人）。分析“I...what you said, but I don’t...you.”可知，第一句话表示“相信你的话”，用believe；第二句话表示信任某人，故用believe in。故选A。
要点11
choose的用法
(1)作为动词，意为“选择；挑选”。常用于以下表达中：
①choose (sb.)to do sth. “选择(某人)去做某事”
②choose sb.as... “选择某人作为……”
③choose sb. sth.=choose sth. for sb. “为某人挑选某物”
（2）其名词为choice,意为“选择”。
常用于:
①make a choice to do sth. “选择去做某事”
②have no choice but to do sth. “除了做某事之外别无选择”
【典例分析】
完成句子，每空限填一词。
1.你必须在我们之间作出选择
You have to ________ _______ ________ between us.。
2. 除了让她离开，他别无选择。
He __________ __________ ___________ _________let her go.
3.他昨天在那家商店选了一件很漂亮的外套。
He _________ a beautiful coat in the shop yesterday.
4去泰国是一个好的选择。
It is a _________ _________ to go to Thailand.
【答案】1.make a choice 2.had no choice but to 3.chose 4.good choice
要点12 until
until意为“直到……”，有下列用法：
（1）作介词，后接时间名词，在句中作时间状语。例如：
She waited there until 9 o’clock. 她在那里一直等到9点钟。
（2）作连词，后接从句，引导时间状语从句。例如：
We waited until the rain stopped. 我们等到雨停了。
【拓展】
（1）until用在肯定句中，多与持续性的动词连用。如stand，wait，stay等，表示主句动作的终止时间。
He stayed there until midnight. 他在那里逗留到深夜。
（2）until可用于否定句中，即not…until…意为“直到……才”，常与非延续性动词连用。如open，start，leave，arrive等，强调主句动作开始的时间。例如：
The child didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
直到父亲回来，那个孩子才睡觉。
【典例分析】
1, 直到我去找老师帮忙，我才解出这道题。
I ___________ _______ the problem _________ I went to my teacher for help.
【答案】didn’t solve until
2. 昨晚，直到爸爸回来我才睡觉。
I ________ ________ to bed ________ my father came back home.
【答案】didn’t go until
3.昨晚他等我直到雨停下来。
He waited for me ________the rain stopped.
【答案】until
4．—Excuse me, is it my turn now
—Not yet. Please wait on the chair ______ your name is called．
A．and B．until C．although D．since
【答案】B。
【解析】考查连词的用法。句意：“请问，现在轮到我了吗？”“还没有。请在椅子上等着，直到叫你的名字。”and意为“和”；until意为“直到……”；until 直到，肯定句主句谓语动词一定要有延续性。Wait是延续的的动词。although意为“虽然”；since意为“自从”。根据句意可知答案为B。
5. I didn’t finish my homework________ 10:30 last night.
A. until B. after C. though D. if
【答案】A
【解析】句意：昨晚直到10:30我才完成家庭作业。本题考查连词。A. until直到 B. after在…后 C. though 尽管D. if假如，not...until...表示“直到……才……”，符合语义，故选A。
A. It is+ adjective + for + noun / pronoun + to + verb
句型“It is + adjective +for somebody to do something”表示“对某人来说，做某事是……的”。其中的形容词是对所做的事情进行描述，如difficult，easy，hard，important，necessary, dangerous, possible, convenient等。
B. adjective + enough + to + verb
句型“somebody / something + be + adjective + enough to do something”意思是“某人或某物足够……，可以做某事”。注意enough放在形容词后面，表示达到必要的程度
C. It is+ adjective + of + noun / pronoun + to + verb
句型“It is + adjective +of somebody to do something”的意思是“某人做某事真是太……了”。其中的形容词是对人的性格、品质进行描述，如kind，good，nice， clever，careless，polite，foolish等。
【典例分析】
1.选择for或of填空。
1. It is possible _______ him to get there on time.
2. It was silly ________ you to leave the keys at home.
3. Is it important _________ us to learn a foreign language
4. It was brave _________ him to save the girl.
5.It is difficult _________ such a little boy to run fast.
【答案】1.for 2.of 3.for 4.of 5.for
2.完成句子。
1. 这个小女孩够年龄去上学了。
The little girl is _______ ________ to go to school.
2.对于我们来说，三天内完成这项工作是不可能的。
________ ________ impossible for us ___________ _____________ the job in three days.
3. 保护环境对我们来说很重要。
_______ _______ very important _______ _______ to protect the environment.
4. 她够勇敢，抓住了小偷。
It is brave ________ ________ to catch the thief.
5. 这个书包太小了，装不下15本书。
The schoolbag is _________ small ________ carry 15 books.
【答案】1.old enough 2.It is to finish 3.It is for us 4.of her 5.too to
A 副词的用法
1 在英语中副词可以用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子
2 形容词构成相应的副词的一般规律：
形容词类型 构成相应副词的方法 举例
一般情况 在形容词后直接加 -ly quick — quickly slow — slowly
以y结尾的形容词 先将y改成i,再加 -ly happy — happily busy — busily
绝大多数以e结尾的形容词 直接加 -ly polite — politely wide — widely
少数以e结尾的形容词 要去掉e再加 -ly true — truly terrible — terribly
特殊情况 与形容词同形 early adj. — early adv. high adj. — high adv.
3 在英语中，有些词既可以作形容词，又可以作副词，如early, much, fast, late, hard, high, little, wide, loud等。 由于这类词词性虽不同，但词形却一样，这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。
B 副词的比较级和最高级
副词的比较级和最高级的构成：
1 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-est。如：hard — harder — hardest; fast — faster — fastest
2 以字母e结尾的副词，直接加-r或-st。如： late — later — latest
3 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”，再加-er或-est。如：early — earlier — earliest
4 凡由形容词后加-ly构成的副词，前加more或 most。如：
beautifully — more beautifully — most beautifully; clearly — more clearly — most clearly
5 不规则变化：well — better — best; badly — worse — worst; little — less — least; much — more — most; far — farther / further — farthest / furthest
【典例分析】
1. Imaginary things can sometimes create excitement _____________ (easy)than real ones.
【答案】more easily修饰动词用副词。两者比较用比较级。
2. Cornelius and Rosa grew their flowers ____________ (quick)and they won the competition.
【答案】（the）most quickly通过句意这里用副词最高级。The可以省略。
3. The book was extremely successful and sold________ (fast)than any of Dumas’s other works.
【答案】faster fast副词与形容词同形。
4. I can write ________________ (beautiful)than the others in our class.
【答案】more beautiful 修饰动词用副词。
5. Your handwriting is _______ good. (real)
【答案】really副词修饰形容词。
6. These apples taste ________ and sell _______. (good)
【答案】good well taste尝试起来后面用形容词构成系表结构。相似的词还有：feel sound smell look。后一空用副词。
7. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ________. (hard)
【答案】hard hard副词激烈地，剧烈地。Hardly 几乎不
8. Ken often works ______ into the night but he is never _____ for work. (late)
【答案】late， late 第一空late副词， 第二空late 形容词。
9. He listened __________ and answered the question. (careful)
【答案】carefully副词修饰动词。
8. Jack doesn’t jump so _______ as his classmates. (high)
【答案】high high形容词和副词同形。
一、阅读目标
谈论动物的保护。
During the Ice Age, the mammoths(猛犸象) lived both in Asia and America. But by about 4,000 years ago, the large and hairy elephants had disappeared.
Some scientists want to clone (克隆) a mammoth, and the first need is some mammoth DNA. Since 1900s, scientists have been digging up remains (残骸)of mammoths in the cold ground. Some still even have their skin and hair. Unluckily, even when it's frozen, DNA still can’t be kept very well. It starts to break apart soon after an animal dies. Scientists have found plenty of mammoth DNA-but it's all just short bits(零碎)and in a mess.
Modern Asian elephants are cousins of the ancient mammoths. Their DNA is about 99% the same. Still, that adds up to 70 million differences. But if we could change the elephant’s DNA in the places that are different could we make mammoth DNA Some researchers at Harvard are giving it a try. They have got out 14 bits of DNA in elephant blood cells that help mammoths stand(抵御 )the cold. It seemed to work. But they're only working with groups of cells, not a whole animal. There is still a long way to go before cloning a mammoth.
Even if scientists could clone a mammoth or other disappeared animals, would it be a good idea It might be cool to see a real, living mammoth. But would such an animal be happy, with no other mammoths around Who would teach it how to be a mammoth There are important questions for trying to bring back any disappeared creature. Cloning is expensive and often fails. Would the money be better spent on saving endangered animals that are still alive
1. What happened to mammoth DNA
A. Stayed the same. B. Broke apart.
C. Got longer. D. Disappeared.
2. Which of the following is true about mammoths
A. They still lived on the Earth 400 years ago.
B. They looked the same as todays elephants.
C. They lived both in Africa and Asia.
D. They were larger and stronger than today's Asian elephants.
3. What can we learn from the third paragraph
A. There are lots of differences of DNA between mammoths and modern Asian elephants.
B. The scientists at Harvard have already cloned a mammoth.
C. It is not easy to clone a disappeared animal though their DNA is close to some animals.
D. The scientists are going to put the DNA of standing cold in another animal.
4. What is the writers opinion about cloning mammoths
A. It is a good idea to clone mammoths.
B. The scientists should try to clone other disappeared animals instead of mammoths.
C. We should prepare a better place for mammoths to live in the future.
D. We should pay more attention to endangered animals.
5. Where can we most probably read this passage
A. In a story magazine. B. In a cartoon newspaper.
C. On a science website. D. In a fashion report.
【答案】：BDCDC
【解析】克隆猛犸象是昂贵的，而且常常失败。把钱花在拯救仍然活着的濒危动物上会更好吗？
1.B细节理解题。DNA still can‘t be kept very well. It starts to break apart soon after an animal dies。DNA仍然不能很好地保存。动物死后不久它就开始分裂了。故答案选B。
2.D细节理解题。猛犸象已经灭绝，99%相似。AB都错误。没提及猛犸象曾经生活在非洲和亚洲，故B错误。答案选D。
3.C 现代亚洲象是古代猛犸象DNA相似99%。且从There is still a long way to go before cloning a mammoth.知C正确。
4.D．细节理解题。Cloning is expensive and often fails. Would the money be better spent on saving endangered animals that are still alive 克隆猛犸象是昂贵的，而且常常失败。把钱花在拯救仍然活着的濒危动物上会更好吗？所以答案选D。
5.C推理判断题。这是一篇科学方面的说明文。故答案选C。
二、写作目标
【实战演练】
下图是某动物保护组织调查“世界濒危动物灭绝原因”的结果，请根据调查情况，以“How to protect the endangered animals？”为题写一篇短文，谈谈你对保护动物的看法，并提出解决办法。要求70~80词，可适当发挥。
How to protect the endangered animals
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【范文赏析】
How to protect the endangered animals？
Animals are our friends. How to protect the endangered animals
First, our government is working to protect all animals in danger, and has made lots of plans to save the endangered animals. On the other hand, we shouldn’t eat wild animals. We should keep them away from our meals. In that case, there will not be wild animals on sale. I think the hunters and killers will become fewer and fewer. Last, we should protect the environment. We should give them fresh water to drink. We should stop people from cutting too many trees down. Without trees, wild animals will lose their homes. All of us should try our best to protect wild animals!
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