八年级下册 Unit 7-8（讲练学案）-2023年中考英语第一轮复习讲练测（沪教牛津版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
八下Unit 7-8
一、重点短语
Unit 7
1. 保持安静 2. 因为
3. 发出可怕的声音 4. 恐惧地
5. 拒绝做某事 6. 醒来
7.满意做某事 8. 尽快
9. 同意；赞成 10. 不同意
【答案】1.keep quiet 2.because of 3.make a terrible noise 4.in fear 5.refuse to do sth. 6.wake up
7. be pleased to do sth. 8.as soon as possible 9.agree with 10.disagree with
Unit 8
1. 现在 2. 在前面
3. 在互联网上 4. ……的形状
5. 道歉 6. （使……与……）相混合
7. 片刻；瞬间 8. 准备
9. 收拾；整理 10.邮寄
11. 与……保持联系 12. 没做成某事
【答案】1.in the present 2.at the front 3.on the Internet 4.in the shape of 5.make apologies 6.mix...with... 7.in a second 8.prepare for 9.tidy up 10. by post 11.keep in touch with 12. fail to do sth.
二、精讲精练
要点 1. receive
receive v.收到
【例句】
He received a letter from his brother yesterday. 他昨天收到了他弟弟(哥哥)写给他的一封信。
【辨析】receive与accept
receive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”，而 accept 则指主动地“接受”。
She received his present, but she didn’t accept it. 她收到了他的礼物，但是没有接受。
【典例分析】
1.Mary _________ a gift from Alan, but she didn’t seem to _________ it.
A. received; accept B. received; receive C. accepted; accept
2. —I’m very pleased to receive a letter from my pen pal.
—Good news for you.
A. hear from B. hear about C. hear of
3.她收到了他的礼物，但是没有接受（完成句子）
She __________ his present, but she didn’t _________it.。
【答案】1.A 2. receive a letter from=. hear from 收到。。。来信 3. received accept
要点 2. damage
damage v.毁坏；破坏
【例句】
The bridge was badly damaged by the earthquake. 桥被地震损坏得很严重。
【辨析】damage, destroy与ruin
damage, destroy 和ruin都有“破坏”的意思。damage 通常是指部分性地损坏，暗示损坏后价值、功能等会降低；destroy 通常指彻底地毁掉或毁灭，暗示无法或很难修复；ruin 指彻底地毁坏，破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等。
【拓展】
(1)表示“毁坏”意思时，damage还可用作名词，且是不可数名词。
The flood caused serious damage to the crops. 洪水对庄稼造成了严重的损害。
【典例分析】
用damage, destroy和ruin的适当形式填空
1. The bus was badly _____________ when it hit the wall.
2.The building was ______________ in the earthquake.
3.The crops are nearly _______________ by the continuous rain.
4.The fire __________the building.
5.The flood caused serious__________ to the crops.
6.Smoking will _________your health.
【答案】1.damaged 2. destroyed 3.ruined 4. destroyed 5. damage (名词) 6 damage
要点 3.
frightened adj.惊吓的；害怕的
【例句】
The first time I got there alone, I was frightened. 初次一个人到那里时，我感到很害怕。
【拓展】
(1)frighten v. 使害怕
The dog tried to frighten us, but it failed. 这条狗想吓唬我们，但是失败了。
(2)frightening adj. 令人惊恐的，常用来说明事物的特征。
The film is very frightening. 这部影片非常恐怖。
(3)be frightened of... 意为“害怕……”。
The little girl is not frightened of dogs. 这个小女孩不怕狗。
(4)be frightened by... 意为“被……吓坏”。
She was frightened by the shadow of the tree. 她被树影吓坏了。
【典例分析】
1.Don’t _________ the cat, or it’ll be _________.
A. frightened; frightening B. frighten; frightening C. frighten; frightened
2. The ___ voice in the movie made the little girl ___.
A. frightening, frightened B. frightening, frightening
C. frightened, frightened D. frightened, frightening
3. 爷爷给我讲了一个恐怖的故事，我感到很害怕。(完成句子)
My grandpa told me a _________ story and I felt _________.
4. 这个小女孩不怕狗。(完成句子)
The little girl ________ _________ ______dogs.
5.这部影片非常恐怖。(完成句子)
The film is very ______________.
【答案】1.B frighten作动词，使。。。惊吓，害怕。 Frightened 害怕的，一般形容人的情感。 Frightening 害怕的一般形容物。 2.A 3.frightening frightened 4.isn’t frightened/afraid of 5.frightening
要点 4.
discover v. 发现；找到；发觉
【例句】
The new star was discovered by a Chinese scientist. 这颗新星是一位中国科学家发现的。
【辨析】find，discover与invent
find侧重于指找到丢失或遗忘的东西或人；discover指发现某种情况或发现早已存在而未为人知的东西；invent则表示发明以前不存在的东西。
Please find my hat for me. 请帮我找到帽子。
It was Columbus who discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亚历山大·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
【典例分析】
用find, discover和invent的适当形式填空
1.When was the plane ________________
2.Columbus ________________ America in 1492.
3.We’ve ________________ a solution to the problem
【答案】1.invented 2.discovered 3.found
要点 5
line n. 线；线条
【例句】
How to draw a straight line？如何才能画出一条直线？
The line is busy now. Please try again later! 线路正忙。请稍后再试！
【拓展】
(1)on line 上网在线
He used to talk with his friends on line on weekends. 他周末常常上网和朋友聊天。
(2)line...up 把……排成队
The gym teacher lined us up against the cement walls. 体育老师让我们靠着水泥墙排好队。
(3)in line 排队
They asked everyone to stand in line. 他们要求每个人排队站好。
【典例分析】
1.The children are standing _____ to get on the bus.
A. on line B. with line C. in line
2.__________ __________ __________ (别挂断电话) please. I will put you through to Mr. Green.
要点 6.
wonder v.想知道；想弄明白
【例句】
I wonder if you can attend the meeting tonight. 我想知道你是否可以参加今晚的会议。
【拓展】
(1)wonderful adj. 精彩的
Welcome to the wonderful world of Disneyland! 欢迎来到精彩的迪士尼世界!
(2)wonderfully adv. 精彩地
Listen! How wonderfully the girls are singing! 听！女孩们唱得多么精彩啊!
3)no wonder=It’s no wonder that 怪不得
No wonder he jumped out of the car.=It’s no wonder that he jumped out of the car. 怪不得他当时跳车了。
【典例分析】
1. I _________ if you would like to go out with us tomorrow.
A. wonder B. want C. wonders
2.Do you think his speech is very _____________ (wonder)
3.怪不得他当时跳车了(完成句子)
_________ ___________he jumped out of the car.=It’s no wonder that he jumped out of the car.
4.长城是世界上的奇迹之一。(完成句子)
The Great Wall is _________ __________ _________ ________ in the world.
【答案】1.A wonder 想知道，疑惑。 2.wonderful 3.No wonder 4.one of the wonders
要点 7. explain
【典例分析】
1.—Let me ________, sir.
—Don’t tell me about it. I don’t want to know.
A. explain B. think C. try
2.I’ve _______________ (explain)it to them.
3.Your plan needs some____________ (explain)
4. Would you please _____________ (explain)to us the secret of your success
【答案】1. A 2.explained 3.explanations 4.explain
要点 8. apology
apology n.道歉
【例句】
We received a letter of apology. 我们收到了一封道歉信。
【拓展】
(1)apologize v. 道歉
Why should I apologize 我为什么要道歉呢？
(2)make an apology to sb. 向某人道歉
(3)apologize to sb. 向某人道歉
Go and apologize to her.=Go and make an apology to her. 去向她道歉。
(4)apologize for sth. 因某事道歉
We apologize for the late departure of this flight. 我们为这次航班的延迟起飞而道歉。
(5)apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
We apologize to you for our impoliteness. 我们为我们的不礼貌行为向您道歉。
【典例分析】
1.We received a letter of___________（ apology）
2.We have _____________（ apology） to you for our impoliteness
3—It’s hard for me to make_________ （ apology） to others.
4.我为我所说的向他道歉。
I _________ ________ __________ to him for what I said.
【答案】1.apology 2.apologized 3.apologies 4.made an apology
要点 9. Excuse
excuse n. 借口；辩解
【例句】
There is no excuse for such behaviour. 不要为这样的行为找借口。
【拓展】
(1)excuse v. 原谅；宽恕
Now if you’ll excuse me, I’ve got work to do. 请见谅，这会儿我有工作要做。
(2)excuse for sth./doing sth. 做某事的借口/理由
His excuse for forgetting her birthday was that he had lost his diary.
他为忘记她的生日所找的理由是，他丢了日记本。
(3)excuse sb. for sth./doing sth. 原谅某人(做)某事
I hope you’ll excuse me for being so late. 我希望你能原谅我迟到了这么久。
【典例分析】
1.His_________ for being late was that there was a road accident.
A. apology B. excuse C. message
2.I wonder why he has so many__________ (excuse) every time.
3.我希望你能原谅我迟到了这么久。
I hope you’ll ________ _________ ______ ___________so late.
【答案】 1.B 2.excuses 3.excuse me for being
要点 10.present
present n.目前；现在
【例句】
I know nothing about the case at present.=I know nothing about the case for the time being. 我目前对这起案件一无所知。
【拓展】
(1)present n. 礼物
What present will you give her on her birthday 她生日你要送她什么礼物？
(2)present adj. 目前的；出席的
We should take the present situation into consideration. 我们必须考虑目前的形势。
(3)at present=now=at the present time此刻；现在
I don’t need the dictionary at present. 我现在不需要这本字典。
(4)present sb. with sth.=present sth. to sb. 赠予某人某物
He presented his wife with a diamond necklace.=He presented a diamond necklace to his wife.
他送给他的妻子一条钻石项链。
【典例分析】
1.All the people __________at the party were his supporters.
A. presented B. thankful C. interested
2.Mr Li is busy__________ ___________ (现在). Can you ring him later
3.她生日时你要送她什么礼物？
_________ ________ will you give her on her birthday
4.你必须忘掉过去，开始现在的生活。
You must forget _________ _________ and start living ________ _________ _________.
【答案】1.A present 在场的。 2.at present 目前，现在。3.What present .present 礼物。
4.the past in the present
要点 11. wide
wide adj. 宽的；宽阔的
【例句】
How wide is the river 这条河有多宽？
【拓展】
(1)wide adv. 宽地(指具体的宽度)
Please open your mouth wide. 请把你的嘴巴张大。
(2)widely adv. 广泛地；宽地(指抽象的广度)
English is the most widely spoken language in the world. 英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言。
(3)width n. 宽度
Your bed is the same width as mine. 你的床的宽度跟我的一样。
(4)widen v. 拓宽；加宽
He had an operation last year to widen a heart artery. 去年他做了一个扩张心脏动脉的手术。
【典例分析】
1.This couple have strange habits. The man would like to sleep with the lamp burning and his wife with the window__________.
A. wide open B. widely open C. wide opened
2.Mobile phone is________(wide)used in the world now.
【答案】1.B 2.widely
要点 12. recently
【典例分析】
1.My partner and I have both ______________(recent)lost our jobs in the city.
2.Her books have gained popularity__________(recent).
3.Our teacher has changed a lot in __________(recent)years.
【答案】1.recently 2.recently 3.recent
要点 13. While与when区别
while conj. 在……期间；当……的时候
【例句】
He was doing homework while I was cooking. 当我在做饭的时候，他在做家庭作业。
【辨析】while与when
while 和 when都可以表示“当……的时候”。
(1)when后面可以接延续性动词和短暂性动词，若主从句表达将来发生的事情，要遵从“主将从现”原则；如果从句动作为过去时而且是短暂性动词，则主句用过去进行时。
I came in when/while he was reading. 他在看书时我走了进来。
He was reading when I came in. 我走进来时他正在看书。
When he comes back tomorrow, I will ring you up. 他明天回来的时候，我会打电话给你。
(2)while后面只能接延续性动词，常用进行时态；如若主句的动作也是延续性的，则构成“...be doing while...be doing...”。
Mum was washing clothes while Dad was reading a newspaper. 爸爸在看报纸的时候，妈妈在洗衣服。
【拓展】
(1)while n. 一会儿
She likes to lie down for a while after lunch. 她喜欢午饭后躺一会儿。
(2)while conj. 而；然而(表示对比)
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。
【典例分析】
1.There is plenty of rain in the south_______ there is little in the north in China.
A. while B. as C. when
2.—_________did the bell ring
— _________we were having dinner, the bell rang.
A. While; When B. When; While C. While; While
3.当我在做饭的时候，他在做家庭作业。
He _________ ___________homework __________ I was cooking.
4.我走进来时他正在看书。
He __________ ___________ _________ I came in.
【答案】1.A 表示“对比”而when 无此意思。 2. B When 什么时候。“当。。。时候”
3.was doing while 表示两件事情同时发生。 4.was reading when
要点 14. prepare
prepare v. to make something ready to be used使(自己)有准备
【例句】
We must prepare for the worst. 我们必须做最坏的打算。
【拓展】
(1)prepared adj. 准备好的
We must be prepared for new responsibility. 我们必须准备担起新的责任。
(2)unprepared adj. 没准备好的
Although he was unprepared, he passed the test with a “B” grade. 虽然他没有充分准备好，他还是通过了考试并得了“B”。
(3)prepare for=be/get ready for 为……准备好
He told us to prepare for resisting the enemy attack.=He told us to be/get ready for resisting the enemy attack. 他让我们做好准备以抵抗敌人的进攻
【典例分析】
1.He was well __________(prepare)to start the game.
2.All the students are_____________ (prepare) for the final exam now.
3.学生们正忙着准备期末考试。
The students are busy _________ __________the final exam.
【答案】1.prepared 2.preparing 3.preparing for
A 原因状语从句
在句中表示原因、理由的从句叫原因状语从句。
1 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, since, as。
2 表示语气的强弱顺序是：because﹥since﹥as。
3 这些连词都不能和so连用。
4 当原因状语从句放于句首时，通常要用逗号与主句隔开。
引导词because
1 because强调明确直接的因果关系，回答“why”问题
2 because从句可与for互换，但for是并列连词，连接的是并列句，并且在for前必须有逗号隔开。如：
引导词since
1 since表示明摆着的理由或原因，常译为“既然”
2 since还可引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来”
引导词as
1 as语气最弱，表示附带说明的原因
2 as还可引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”、“随着……”。如：
B because与 because of的区别
because和because of的意思都是“因为；由于”。 但because 是连词，其后接句子。because of 是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。
【典例分析】
一、单项选择
1.She won’t go to the cinema ______ she has already seen the film.
A. until B. if C. so D. because
【答案】D
【解析】句意：她不会去看电影的，_____她已经看过这部电影了。前后句子因果关系。故选D
2 ______ you’re tired, you’d better stay at home and have a rest.
A. Since B. Or C. Though D. Till
【答案】A
【解析】句意：既然你累了，你最好呆在家里休息一下。since ，从句表示明显的或已为人所知的理由，常译为“因为；既然”
3. — Why didn’t you go to the party — ______ I wasn’t invited.
A. As B. Since C. Because D. So
【答案】C
【解析】回答why的句子只能用because。because 表示直接原因，着重点在从句，它所指的原因通常是听话人所不知道的，语气最强。常用来回答why 的提问
4. — Did you call Jack back
— I didn’t need to ______ I’ll see him tomorrow.
A. though B. because C. unless D. when
【答案】B
【解析】句意：-你给杰克回电话了吗？ -我不需要，因为我明天见他。
5. ______ we have no money, we can’t buy it.
A. Until B. Unless C. As D. Although
【答案】C
【解析】as 引导的原因状语从句语气最弱，它所表示的原因只是对结果的附加说明，可位于句首或句末。常译为“由于；鉴于”
6.______ it was raining, _______ they stayed at home.
A. Because; so B. Because; / C. Since; so D. As; so
【答案】B
【解析】because不能和so同时使用。
7 They were late for the meeting ______ the heavy rain.
A. because of B. because C. since D. as
【答案】A
【解析】because of 后面接短语。表示“因为。由于”。Because 接句子。
8.It rained last night, _______ the ground is wet.
A. or B. for C. but D. though
【答案】B
【解析】for 也表示，原因，放在后面，一般表示对前面进行解释，表示解释的原因。
过去进行时
1. 过去进行时的构成：
肯定句形式：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词.
否定句形式：主语+was not(wasn’t)/were not(weren’t)+动词的现在分词.
一般疑问句形式：Was/Were+主语+动词的现在分词
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were.
否定回答：No, 主语+was not (wasn’t)/ were not (weren’t).
2. 过去进行时的基本用法：
(1)过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有：at that time/ moment, (at)this time yesterday(last night/ Sunday/week …), at+几点钟+yesterday(last night / Sunday …)，when sb. did sth. 等。
(2)when和while表示“当……的时候”时，when后面通常接短暂性动词的一般时态，while后面通常接持续性动词的进行时态。
【典例分析】
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. While we ________________(wait)for the bus, a girl ________ (run)up to us.
【答案】was waiting ran. 当一件事情正在进行时，另一件事情发生了。
2. I ________________(telephone)a friend when Bob____________ (come)in.
【答案】was telephoning came when 后面一般是非延续性动词。
3. Jim ___________(jump)on the bus as it __________ (move)away.
【答案】jumped was moving
4. While mother _______________(put)Cathy to bed, the door bell ___________(ring).
【答案】was putting rang
5. As I _____________ (walk)in the park, it _________(begin)to rain.
【答案】was walking began
6. We _______________(test)the new machine when the electricity __________(go)off.
【答案】was testing went
7. He said he _____________ (help) his sister with homework at that time.
【答案】was helping
8. While we _____________ (wait) for the bus, an old man fell down.
【答案】were waiting
一、阅读目标
谈论未知事物或者未来发生的事情。
The idea of life in outer space has been talked about for a long time. Some scientists say that life development on Earth was far too unlikely for it to have happened anywhere else. Things had to be perfect for us to make it on this planet.
Other scientists say that space is too big. Stars and other planets are far too numerous for there to be no other life in the universe.
For many years, there have been reports of visitors from other planets. People all around the world have claimed to see alien spaceships or even aliens themselves.
There have been glimpses of these so-called UFOs (unidentified flying objects) flying through the air and they have even ben captured on video. Some Americans believe that the U.S. Army found an alien spaceship crashed in the desert and then lied to the press about it. Although these sightings may be true, scientists have not found significant evidence that aliens exist.
If you go out into the countryside on a clear night and look up, you can see thousands of stars. Those stars make up a tiny part of our universe. There are more stars, planets, and galaxies than we can count. Even the smartest scientists can't even come close to defining how big space is. The number of possible stars and planets out there is bigger than our ability to count. If we are really on the only planet that can sustain life, then we are very special in a universe full of amazing things.
1．What have some people claimed about aliens
A．Aliens often appear in dreams. B．They have encountered aliens.
C．Aliens are extremely dangerous. D．Aliens are always kidnapping people.
2．Why does the author mention "reports of visitors from other planets"
A．To give an example of people who do not believe in science.
B．To explain why scientists are not interested in studying aliens.
C．To raise the issue of whether or not we are alone in the universe.
D．To inform people that a spaceship crashed in the American desert.
3．What can be inferred about finding aliens
A．It's not possible yet. B．It's already been done.
C．Aliens can be found in the USA． D．Scientists already know the truth.
4．What would be the best title for this passage
A．Visitors from Faraway Pianets B．The Life and Times of an Alien Life
C．The Mysterious Crash Landing in America D．The Possibility of Life on Other Worlds
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D
【解析】文章大意：在外太空有生命的想法已经被讨论了很长时间。一些科学家说，宇宙中不可能有其他生命。而世界各地的人都声称看到过外星人的宇宙飞船，甚至外星人本身。但科学家们还没有发现外星人存在的重要证据。
1．细节理解题。根据“People all around the world have claimed to see alien spaceships or even aliens themselves.”可知，有些人声称他们遇到了外星人，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据上文“Other scientists say that space is too big. Stars and other planets are far too numerous for there to be no other life in the universe. 其他科学家说太空太大了。恒星和其他行星太多了，宇宙中不可能有其他生命。”结合“For many years, there have been reports of visitors from other planets. People all around the world have claimed to see alien spaceships or even aliens themselves. 多年来，一直有来自其他行星的访客的报道。世界各地的人都声称看到过外星人的宇宙飞船，甚至外星人本身。”可知，作者提及“来自其他星球的访客的报告”是为了提出我们在宇宙中是否孤独的问题，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“scientists have not found significant evidence that aliens exist.”科学家们还没有发现外星人存在的重要证据，由此可推知，寻找到外星人现在还是不可能的，故选A。
4．标题归纳题。根据“The idea of life in outer space has been talked about for a long time.”结合文章内容，可知本文主要讨论的是在外太空的其它星球上是否有生命存在的可能，故选D。
二、写作目标
【实战演练】
Live in the future
根据以下的内容，通过合理的想象，用英语写一篇短文来展示未来的科技新生活。
1. 交通将变得更加快捷，安全，人类可以到月球或者其它星球上度假,甚至可以在海底生活。
2. 孩子可以在家通过电视和广播接受教育。
3.每家都有可视电话（videophones），通过可视电话可以体检或购物。
4.在医疗保健方面，人们可以享受更加长寿健康的生活。
字数：80个单词左右, 文章开头已给出。
In the future，transportation will become cleaner, faster and safer. It is likely for man to go on a space travel.
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【答案】
In the future ，transportation will become cleaner, faster and safer. It is likely for man to go on a space travel. We can take a vacation on the moon or visit other planets. With the earth’s land left no enough room, man can even live under the sea..
As for education, there will be no more teachers giving lessons in the classroom.
Students can study at home on the radio or Tv instead of going to school every day. In addition, every family will have videophones, through which we can go shopping and take a physical examination .
In the field of health and medicine , people in the future will be able to enjoy a longer and healthier life and remain active even in old age.
In a word, in the future the new science and technology can make our life easier.
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