九年级下册 Unit 5-6（讲练学案）-2023年中考英语第一轮复习讲练测（沪教牛津版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
九下Unit 5-6
一、重点短语
Unit 5
1. 持续 last for
2. 渴望做某事 be dying to do sth.
3. 登记；报到 check in (at)
4. 迫不及待做某事 can’t wait to do sth.
5. 说实在的 to be honest
6. 被绊倒 fall over
7. 抓住某物 hold on to sth.
8. 保持平衡 keep one’s balance
9. 被允许做某事 be allowed to do sth.
10. 建立 build up
Unit 6
1. 集中在…… focus on
2. 解决；处理 deal with
3. 防止；提防 guard against
4. 抵消；对消 cancel out
5. 遭受 suffer from
6. 做决定 make a decision
7. 学着做；开始做 take up
8. 把……抛在后面 leave ... behind
9. 使变得高兴 cheer ... up
10. 对……负责 take responsibility for
二、精讲精练
要点 1 opposite
opposite prep.在…对面=across from
1.My home is opposite the school, so I walk to school every day.
2.We sat at opposite ends of the table.
【总结】opposite用作介词, 意为 “与……相对; 在……对面”, 如例1; 用作形容词, 意为
“另一边的; 相反的; 对面的”, 如例2。
【典例分析】
1.Jenny sat ______ me when eating breakfast.
A. in front B. across C. opposite
2.Go along this road， and you will see the bank is o____________ the school. （首字母填写单词）
【答案】 1.C 在。。。对面 2.opposite
要点 2
announcement n.公告
1.An announcement will be made next month.
2.Jack announced that he had given up smoking.
【总结】announcement用作名词, 意为 “公告; 通告”, 常用搭配为make an announcement,
意为 “发表公告”, 如例1; announce为其动词形式, 意为 “声称; 宣布”, 如例2。
【典例分析】
根据汉语意思, 完成句子, 每空一词。
1.我们公司将会在本周五发布新产品的公告。
Our company is going to ________ _________ ___________ about our new product this Friday.
2.珍妮宣布她将于下个月结婚。
Jenny _____________ _____________ she will get married next month.
【答案】1. make an announcement 2. Announce that
要点 3 honest
1.adj 坦率的 坦诚的
诚实的，正直的 be honest with 对。。。诚恳（坦率）
2.honesty 诚实。名词。
To be honest
【典例分析】
1.This is an idiom in English, “___________ (honest) is the best policy.”
2.She was cheated by the ____________ (honest) salesman.
3.他的行为光明正大，像一个君子。 (完成句子)
He behaved __________, and like a man.
4.我们要诚以待人。(完成句子)
We should _________ _________ _________ people.
【答案】1.Honesty名词，诚恳。 2.honest 形容词，诚实的。 3.honestly 诚实地。 4.be honest with 对某人诚恳。
要点 4
rapid (adj.) 迅速的；快速的
【拓展】rapidly (adv.) 迅速地；快速地
【辨析】fast/quick/rapid用法区别
三者都可以表示人或物的运动速度“快的；迅速的”，区别在于：
fast强调动作快；还表示“紧的；牢固的”
例：I took a fast plane.
quick表示“迅速的；敏捷的；灵活的”，含有动作快、时间短、毫不延迟等意味。强调行动的机敏，而不是动作的频率
例：He is quick to learn.
(3) rapid是比较正式的用语，指突然的或持续性的动作；还有一种特殊含义，即指有益的高速度，它更多表示的是物体或者说是事情变化得快，比如价格涨的快，社会变革快，学习进步快等。而quick和fast可指灾难性的急速。
例：rapid progress in English study
【典例分析】
1.The patient made a ________ (rapid) recovery.
2.Crime figures are rising _________(rapid)
【答案】1.rapid 迅速的。 2.rapidly
要点 5：stress
stress (n.) 精神压力；紧张
【拓展】stressful (adj.) 有压力的；充满压力的
stressed (adj.) 感到压力的；受到压力的
例：a stressed object 受压物体（被压着的物体）
a stressful lifestyle 充满压力的生活方式
【辨析】stress和pressure用法区别
stress和pressure都指压迫人的力量，有时可以互换。区别在于：
物理学上，stress指将物体朝两个不同方向牵引的力，pressure指将物体朝同一方向推的力。压强用pressure，如air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压
用于人时，stress指使人感到内心痛苦的各种原因，pressure则指强制或促使某种行动的外部压力。因此stress通常为不好的东西，而适当增加pressure有时却是件好事。
例：
People under a lot of stress may experience headaches and sleeping difficulties.
Some people work better under pressure.
【典例分析】
1.中国领导人已经强调了增进第三世界国家之间合作的需要。(完成句子)
China's leaders __________ _________the need for increased cooperation between Third World countries.
2. He suffers from great mental __________ (stressed).
3. He felt _____________ (stress) when he got to know the news.
4.Just relax, OK Don't have too much s_____________.（据首字母填空）
【答案】1.have stressed 动词，强调。 2.stress名词，压力。 3.stressed 紧张的，有压力的 4.stress
要点 6
(be) dying to (do sth.) 渴望(做某事)；极想(做某事)。如：
We are dying to join the Dance Club. 我们渴望加入舞蹈社。
拓展：(be) dying for (sth.) 渴望(某物)。如：
Judy is dying for that ski suits. 朱迪渴望得到那套滑雪服。
要点 7 pressure
pressure的用法
pressure n压力
举例Her health broke down under the pressure of work.工作的压力把她的身体压垮了。
辨析stress与pressure(见P81考点8)
拓展put pressure on sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事
Parents sometimes put pressure on their children to do housework.
有时候父母强迫自己的孩子做家务。
【典例分析】
1.Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer __________(press).
2.这个团队在压力下表现良好。（完成句子）
The team performs well ________ __________.
3. He is under great stress when he lost his job.
A. pressure B. sadness C. pleasure
【答案】1.pressure 名词。压力 2.under pressure 3 A
要点 8
check in (at) (在旅馆、机场等)登记；报到。如：
Everyone should check in at the meeting by 8∶50.
所有人要在8∶50到会签到。
反义词组：check out 退房。如：
They checked out this morning. 他们今天早晨退房了。
要点 9 risk
risk n. n风险
举例You are taking a big risk driving so fast.你开车开这么快是在冒很大的风险。
拓展
risk v.冒险
He risked his life to save her.他冒着生命危险去救她。
常用短语
at the risk of doing sth.冒着……的风险
At the risk of showing my ignorance, how exactly does the Internet work
也许我难免显得无知，但互联网到底是怎么运作的呢？
【典例分析】
1.Smoking can increase the r__________ of developing heart disease.（根据首字母完成句子）
2.你没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险。（完成句子）
You have no right to _______ ________ _________with other people's lives.
3.The dogs are at _________ (risk).
4.But fear is not an option, so you should be willing to take _________ (risk).
【答案】1.risk 2.take a risk 3.risk 4.risks
要点 10 cancel
1动词。取消，撤销，终止。
Cancel out 抵消。
All flights have been cancelled because of the bad weather. 因天气恶劣，所有航班均被取消了。
If it rains tomorrow, let's call off the trip. 如果明天下雨，我们就取消行程。
Her income and spending cancel out. 她的收入和支出正好平衡。
【典例分析】
1.The advantages and disadvantages of the policy appear to cancel _______.
A. out B. in C. against
2.You may c_________ the meeting if you are busy.
【答案】1.A. cancel out 抵消。 2.cancel
要点 11：force
force v强迫；迫使(某人做某事)
She was forced to leave the country.她被强制离开这个国家。
Forceful 强有力的
常用短语
force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事
You'd better not force her to help you if she doesn't want to.如果她不情愿，你最好别强迫她帮你。
【典例分析】
1.She made a __________ (force) speech.
2.I was _________ (force) to take a taxi because the last bus had left.
【答案】1.forceful 形容词，强有力的。 2.forced
要点 12：cheer
cheer
（1）cheer 作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”。例如：
We couldn’t help cheering when we won the final.
当我们赢得决赛时我们不禁欢呼起来。
（2）cheer...up 意为“使……高兴起来；使……振奋起来”。例如：
The whole audience stood up and cheered them up.
所有的观众全部起立并大声欢呼。
Let’s cheer him up.让我们使他振奋起来。
（3）cheer on意为“为……加油；为……打气”。
We all cheered them on loudly. 我们大声地为他们加油。
【典例分析】
1.　　　! It's not the end of the world. Let's try again.
A. Put up 　　　　　　 B. Set up C. Cheer up 　　　　　D. Pick up
【答案】C　
【解析】句意:振作起来吧!这不是世界末日。让我们再试一次吧。结合本题语境可知应选C, cheer up的含义是“振作起来”。
2.—My best friend went abroad. I miss her and feel down today.
—Don’t be sad. Here is good news for you .
cheer up B. cheering up C. cheered up D.to cheer up
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：——我最好的朋友出国了，今天我想念她，感觉很失落。——不必伤心，这里有让你振奋的好消息。由句意可知，告知的消息是为了让说话人振作，即表达的是目的。英语中常用不定式结构作目的状语。故答案为D。
要点13
（1）enter作动词，意为“进入”。等同于go into, come into。注意enter后面不能跟into。
例如：
She entered the room quietly. = She went into the room quietly.
她悄悄地进入屋中。
（2）enter还可意为“参加，加入；使参加；开始从事；登陆，将……输入”。例如：
The United States did not enter the war until April 19, 1917.
美国直到一九一七年四月十九日才参战。
They entered their child at a private school.
他们让他们的孩子在一所私立学校就读。
He showed me how to enter data into the computer.
他告诉我如何将数据输入计算机。
动词的时态
目前我们使用的新教材中，同学们需要掌握六大时态，即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时。
1.一般现在时
(1)概念：一般现在时主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也可表示现在的情况或状态以及永恒的真理。
(2)句式结构：
is/are+表语 there be 句型 实义动词作谓语
(3)常用的副词和时间状语有：always，usually，often，every day。
My mother often does housework.我妈妈经常做家务。
2.一般过去时
(1)概念：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
(2)句式结构：
was/were+表语 there was/were 实义动词作谓语
(3)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，two days ago，just now等。
He visited the Great Wall yesterday.昨天他游览了长城。
3.现在进行时
(1)概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
(2)句式结构：主语+am/is/are+现在分词
(3)常用的时态标志词有：now，at the moment，look，listen等。
He is washing his car in the garden now.他现在正在花园里洗车。
4.过去进行时
(1)概念：表示在过去某个时刻或某段时间正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
(2)句式结构：主语+was/were+现在分词
(3)常用的时间状语有：at nine o'clock last night，at the time，at the moment，this time yesterday，from 8:00 to 9:00 last night以及when，while引导的时间状语从句等。
I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning.昨天上午九点我在给花儿浇水。
5.一般将来时
(1)概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
(2)句式结构：
will/shall 动词原形 be going to + 动词原形 现在进行时表将来
(3)常用的时间状语有：tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，in two hours，soon，in the future等。
They will arrive here tomorrow.他们明天将会到达这里。
6.现在完成时
(1)概念：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。还表示动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
(2)句式结构：主语+have/has+过去分词
(3)常用的标志词和时间状语有：already，yet，ever，“for+时间段”或“since+表过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子”。
He has studied English for ten years.他学英语已经十年了。
被动语态
英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态的句子中主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态的句子中主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词，才能构成被动语态。
1.各种时态被动语态的构成：
时态 被动语态构成 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天被打扫。
一般过去时 was/were+done The dumplings were made yesterday. 饺子是昨天包的。
现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done The room is being cleaned now. 现在房间正在被打扫。
过去进行时 was/were+being+done The car was being repaired then. 那时这辆小汽车正在被修理。
现在完成时 have/has+been+done My key hasn't been found yet. 我的钥匙还没有找到。
过去完成时 had+been+done The two roads had been built by the end of last month. 到上个月末为止，两条公路被建成了。
一般将来时 shall/will+be+done A new hospital will be built next year. 明年一个新的医院将被建成。
过去将来时 should/would+be+done Mike said a new film would be shown. 迈克说一部新电影将上映。
含有情态动词 情态动词+be+done The work must be finished on time. 必须按时完成这项工作。
2.被动语态的用法：
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.昨晚一些新电脑被偷了。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
The homework must be handed in on time.作业必须按时交上来。
(3)说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态。
常用句型：
It is said that …据说…… It is reported that ...据报道……
It is hoped that…希望…… It is believed that …人们相信……
形容词+that从句
1.英语中有些形容词后面可以接that从句，常见的有：afraid，glad，pleased，sorry，surprised，upset，certain，happy，sad，sure，aware，worried，anxious等。
We are all happy that you have come.你来了我们都很高兴。
I am worried that she has not recovered yet.我担心她尚未康复。
2.形容词后面可以接疑问词引导的从句。
I'm not sure when she will come.我不确定她什么时候会来。
宾语从句
宾语从句指主从复合句中用作宾语的句子。宾语从句通常由从属连词、连接代词或连接副词引导。宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。
1.引导词的使用
(1)that引导的宾语从句
that只起引导词作用，不充当句子成分，没有词义，且通常可以省略。
He thinks (that) he will be famous some day.他认为他总有一天会出名的。
主句中的谓语动词是believe，expect，explain，suggest，imagine，prefer，promise，report，understand，warn，say，think，tell，know，hear，see，feel，mean，hope，wish，remember，forget等，或谓语动词是由形容词afraid，sure，sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。
(2) if/whether引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导宾语从句，不充当句子成分，但是有词义，表示“是否”。
She wonders if/whether it is true.她想知道这是不是真的。
(3)连接代词引导的宾语从句
常见的引导宾语从句的连接代词有what，who，whom，which，whose等。
He asked who would like to go.他问谁愿意去。
(4)连接副词引导的宾语从句
常见的引导宾语从句的连接副词有when，how，where，why等。
Father asked me where I had put my book.爸爸问我把书放在哪里了。
2.时态的呼应
(1)主句用一般现在时，从句可用任何一种时态。
I think he has finished his homework.我认为他已经完成家庭作业了。
(2)主句用一般过去时，从句要用与过去相关的时态。
I asked him whether he had finished his homework.我问他是不是已经完成家庭作业了。
(3)从句部分是客观真理，不管主句是什么时态，从句用一般现在时。
The teacher told the students that the Earth goes around the Sun.
老师告诉学生们地球围绕着太阳转。
3.从句的语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句的语序都要用陈述语序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他。
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see 你能告诉我我们必须见谁吗
【典例分析】
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. They ___________(build) a pedestrian bridge (人行天桥)last year.
2. The student ___________(clean) the classroom now.
3. Light ____________(travel) much faster than sound.
4. She works hard and _________(come) home very late.
5. Linda ______________ (work) in this factory for nearly ten years.
6. The students ___________ (have) a medical examination next month.
7. It is said that the policy on the environment _______________ (carry) out in 2021.
8. A wonderful party _______________________ (give) to him next week.
9. Mother ___________________ (tell) me a story every night.
10. Rice _____________________(plant) in China.
【答案】1.built 2.is cleaning 3.travels 4.comes 5.has worked 6.will have 7.will be carried
8.will be given 9.tells 10.is planted
二、选择填空
1.— Did you notice . in her office
— Yes. She was going over our writing.
A. what was Miss Lin doing B. what Miss Lin was doing
C. what does Miss Lin do D. what Miss Lin does
【答案】B
【解析】句意：-你注意林小姐在干什么了吗？-是的，她正在检查我们的写作。what was Miss Lin doing林小姐在干什么，疑问语序；what Miss Lin was doing陈述语序；what does Miss Lin do林小姐是干什么的；what Miss Lin does陈述语序。根据句子结构可知，这里考查的是宾语从句，从句中应用陈述语序，故先排除A和C。根据答语She was going over our writing可知，这里问的是过去正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，故选B。
2- He asked me ___________yesterday afternoon.
A. why I am absent from school B. Why I was absent from school
C. why am I absent from school D. why was I absent from school
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——王先生刚才问你什么 ——他问我昨天下午为什么没来上学。考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，根CD两项都是疑问句语序，可排除。yesterday afternoon昨天下午，用于一般过去时；根据句意结构和语境，可知选B。
3.—Could you tell me_______________ （2019，山东滨州卷）
—Sure. Go down the street, you can find it at the second crossing!
A. where is the supermarket B. where the supermarket is
C. when does the supermarket open D. when the supermarket opens
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你能告诉我超市在哪里吗 ——当然。沿着这条街走，你可以在第二个十字路口找到它！考查宾语从句。宾语从句需用陈述句语序，AC两项都是疑问句语序，可排除。where问地点，when问时间；根据回答Go down the street,可知问的是地点，故选B。
4.Could you say it again I can’t understand ______ you are talking about.
A. how B. when C. what D. which
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词用法。
三、完成句子
1,他问我是否会放风筝。
He asked me ___________ ___________ _________ fly a kite.
【答案】if I could
【解析】注意“主过从过。”
2. 我想知道明天你会去哪里。
I wanted to know ______ ______ ______ _____ tomorrow.
【答案】where you would go
【解析】注意“主过从过。”
3. 你知道在哪里买这种邮票吗？
Do you know _________ __________ __________ this kind of stamps
【答案】where to buy
【解析】宾语从句简写成“疑问词+不定式”
4,他不知道他把书放到哪儿了。
He didn’t know _________ _________ ________ his books.
【答案】where he put
【解析】不能用不定式疑问式。不定式疑问式表示未发生的动作。已发生的动词不可以用不定式疑问式。
5，他不知道要把书放在哪儿。
He didn’t know _________ _________ ________ his books.
【答案】where to put
【解析】宾语从句简写成“疑问词+不定式”表示“将来的动作”。
一、阅读目标
运动与健康
Exercise helps to keep us in good health. Many people have an exercise routine. They exercise for a few minutes every day or every other day. Getting basic exercise is easy.
But what about those times when you are sick If you do not feel well, should you keep following your exercise routine Will physical activity help you to feel better more quickly or will it make the healing process longer
Edward R. Laskowski is a doctor. He notes that “Proper physical activity is usually OK if you have a common cold.”
Dr. Laskowski and other experts have a general rule about exercising when you are sick. It is usually fine to exercise，he explains，if your symptoms (症状) are all “above the neck”. These signs may include a runny (流年涕的) nose, nasal congestion (鼻塞) , sneezing or a minor (轻微的) sore throat.
In fact, Laskowski adds that exercise may make you feel better and help you to breathe more easily.
The American health website WebMD offers similar advice.
Geralyn Coopersmith is a physical fitness trainer who has written several books on exercise and nutrition. Coopersmith told WebMD．”The general rule is that if you take some medicine and don’t feel so sick ,it’s OK to work out.
However, both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest taking a break from exercising if signs of your illness appear “below the neck”. Be careful about symptoms such as extreme coughs or pain in the stomach.
If you don’t feel too bad, these experts both suggest cutting back on the intensity (强度) of your exercise routine. For example, if you usually run, take a quick walk instead.
You can return to your usual intensity when you feel better. However, Dr. Laskowski warns that exercising when you have more than a common cold could lead to “more serious injury or illness”.
1．When should patients stop exercising according to Dr. Laskowski
A．When they have some pain in the stomach. B．When they have a common cold.
C．When they have some pain in their eyes. D．When they just feel a little tired.
2．What should we do when we don’t feel very bad
A．Stop exercising for a few days. B．Cut back on the intensity of our exercise routine.
C．Keep exercising as usual. D．Try to exercise as much as possible.
3．What will happen when people who catch a bad cold continue exercising
A．It can make the patients get better slowly. B．It will be good for the illness.
C．It can cause more serious injury or illness. D．It can stop the nasal congestion.
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．How can you keep healthy B．Can exercise help patients feel better
C．How often do you exercise D．Should you exercise while sick
【答案】BABCD
【解析】本文主要讲述了生病时坚持锻炼的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据文中“However, both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest taking a break from exercising if signs of your illness appear “below the neck”. Be careful about symptoms such as extreme coughs or pain in the stomach.”可知，患者胃疼的时候应该停止运动。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文中“If you don’t feel too bad, these experts both suggest cutting back on the intensity (强度) of your exercise routine.”可知，当我们感觉不太糟糕时，我们该减少日常锻炼的强度。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文中“However, Dr. Laskowski warns that exercising when you have more than a common cold could lead to “more serious injury or illness.”可知，患重感冒的人继续锻炼会导致更严重的伤害或疾病。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了在生病的时候是否可以锻炼。选项D符合题意，故选D。
二、写作目标
2020新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，让我们感受到生命健康的重要，更加意识到文明生活（Civilized Life）与健康素养（Health Literacy）的重要。请你以健康文明生活方式为主题，写一篇英语短文向校英文报投稿，内容如下。
（1） 参考词汇： 公筷public chopsticks； 新型冠状病毒novel coronavirus
（2）词数：80个左右（文章的开头己给出，不计入词数）·
（3）不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。
The outbreak of novel coronavirus makes us feel the importance of life and health._____________________
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参考范文
The outbreak of novel coronavirus makes us feel the importance of life and health. Civilized Life and Health Literacy are also important to us. Here are some tips for civilized and healthy lifestyle.
First. good eating habits should be formed. We should eat more vegetables and less meat. Eat a balanced diet every day. Then we should stay a positive attitude which can make us happy and relaxed. Don’t worry about small things. At the same time we had better do some sports. Such as swimming and running. It is a good way to build up a strong body. Besides, if we use public chopsticks, the chance of getting ill will be greatly reduced.
Last but not least, we can more often open our windows so that the air is fresh.
Let’s develop a civilized, hygienic, scientific and healthy way of life consciously.
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