牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the balance Reading 课件（69张PPT含视频）

(共69张PPT)
B3U1 Nature in the balance
Reading
The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure
Step One: Watch&answer
Step One: Watch&answer
1. What can you see in this video
2. Where is this place
Let’s read a doucumentary script about the Amazon rainforest and explore the beauty of it together!
Monkey, birds, river, forest, plants,waterfall and so on.
The Amazon rainforest.
Step Two: Inspectional Reading
Para 1
Read the documentary script and write the main idea of each paragraph.
Introduction to the Amazon rainforest
Plant biodiversity： levels of the rainforest
Animal biodiversity： food chain
The rainforest’s value to the human race; threats to the rainforest.
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4
Para 5
Size, location and the origin of its name
Step Three: Analytical Reading
8
6 million
6,400
40,000
1,300
400
20%
17%
Please read Para2-5 carefully and fill in the blanks below.
2. What’s the function of statistics in documentary scripts
Statistics
Statistics can make the facts more convincing, impressive and persuasive.
1. What are they
Step Three: Analytical Reading
Read para 2 carefully and fill in the blanks below.
location
size
origin
8 countries and one overseas region
around 6 million square kilometres of forest
the Amazon River, about 6,400 km in
length
巴西、哥伦比亚、秘鲁、委内瑞拉、厄瓜多尔、玻利维亚、圭亚那、苏里南
Step Three: Analytical Reading
Read para. 3 carefully and fill in the mindmap about forest’s different levels
a system of roots
the mass of leaf litter
shorter plants with large leaves
towering ancient hardwoods
the tops of the tallest trees
forest
Level
Step Three: Analytical Reading
Read para. 4 carefully and complete the following chart about
the food chain in the rainforest.
Jaguars
Insects
At least 87 species, including frogs
Leaves and fruit
Microorganisms
feed on
break down
feed on
feed on
Step Three: Analytical Reading
Read para 5 carefully and fill in the blanks below.
1. What makes the Amazon rainforest a natural treasure
according to the script
The Amazon forest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth’s oxygen. Thus, it is known as the “lungs of the planet”. Moreover, the Amazon forest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine.
Step Three: Analytical Reading
Read para 5 carefully and fill in the blanks below.
2. What is the forest’s current danger
Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals:us. Over the past 50 years, about 17% of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities, such as agriculture and cattle farming.
While reading
Basic information
location and size
Name: getting its name from (1) ________________
richest (2) ____________
Amazon rainforest
Animals
more than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of (5) __________
elements of this forest’s (6) ___________
Plants
more than 40,000 (3) ______________
different (4) _____ of the forest
Significance
fix carbon and producing (7) ________
having species used for (8) __________________
Danger
the major danger: (9) _________________
disappearing due to human activities such as (10) ____________ and cattle farming
the Amazon river
biodiversity
plant species
levels
mammals
food chain
oxygen
food or medicine
us/human beings
agriculture
Step Four: Summary
As the largest forest in the world, the Amazon rainforest has a crucial influence on the Earth’s eco-balance.
The rainforest crosses into eight countries and .
. Its name originates from the Amazon River, which is about 6,400 kilometers in length.
There are more than 40,000 plant species in the Amazon rainforest. .
and forms its little world in each level.
.
All these species are the elements of this forest’s food chain.
Known as the “lungs of the planet”, the Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing oxygen. And .
. However, the forest faces a major danger.
.
covers an area of around 6 million
Various wildlife
exists in the different levels of the forest
More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals can be found here
there are many species that
can be used for food or medicine.
Human activities do damage to the rainforest greatly.
square kilometers in Southern America
While reading
A3
1. What makes the Amazon rainforest a natural treasure according to
the script
unique beautiful valuable
It contains 10% of all known species on the Earth.
It produces over 20% of the planet’s oxygen.
Its wonderful plant and animal species have enabled humans to make amazing discoveries.
While reading
A3
No.
too important
maintain the balance of the ecosystem
provides our society with food and medicine
2. What is your answer to the question at the end of the script Support your opinion with information from the script or other sources.
While reading
A3
emphasize the responsibility
duty
In the sentence “Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us.” (Page 3, Lines 33–34) , why “us” is used instead of “human beings” here
Appreciation——explore the writing style
B3
How does the documentary script make clear the size of the Amazon rainforest and the length of the Amazon River
Sentences using comparison:
With an area of around 6 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.”
Appreciation——explore the writing style
large number
B3
making comparisons with familiar places or objects： gain a better understanding.
Here are some expressions used to make comparisons:
the same size/length as …
as large/long as …
more than/larger than/longer than …
twice/three times as large/long as …
Consolidation
B3
1. It was reported that in 2011, about 34 million people lived in the Amazon. (population of Canada: 37 million; population of Shanghai: 24 million)
It was reported that in 2011, about 34 million people lived in the Amazon—that is about Canada’s total population.
It was reported that in 2011, about 34 million people lived in the Amazon—that is 10 million more than the population of Shanghai.
Consolidation
2. From 2001 to 2012, about 177,000 square kilometres of the Amazon rainforest were lost. (size of New Zealand: 268,000 km2; size of Jiangsu: 107,200 km2)
B3
From 2001 to 2012, about 177,000 square kilometres of the Amazon rainforest were lost—that is more than half the size of New Zealand.
From 2001 to 2012, about 177,000 square kilometres of the Amazon rainforest were lost—that is about twice the size of Jiangsu.
Appreciation——Explore for Writing style
citing examples, listing numbers and giving definitions.
For example：
“More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle’s plant life. This jaguar is one example…”
“Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food and medicine.”
What other writing techniques are employed in the script
Find examples from the script.
Appreciation——Explore for Writing style
Exposition(explaining or providing readers with information)
What is the function of those writing techniques
To make the information conveyed more precise and accurate.
What is the type of the script
The _________ is a natural property . The_____ is of outstanding value for its diversity of landscapes and rich biodiversity. In ______, there are over _____ plant species, around ______ mammal species and more than ____ bird species. A large number of rare animals such as ________can be found.
Post-reading
Are there any places in China with rich biodiversity like the Amazon rainforest
What are they Introduce one to the class.
A3
Language points
1. What do you think this script is about______________ the title and picture
从标题和图片来判断，你觉得这个文本是关于什么的？
judging from 从……判断，为评注性状语，是独立于句子之外的状语，属于句子状语，但它不是修饰句子，而是说话人对句子所做的评论或解释。
e.g. __________________________________________, you don't sound well.
根据你来信中所写的情况，你听上去好像不大好。
judging from
Judging from what you said in your letter
2. Welcome to the jungle, __________________(a lot of, plenty of)green____________(be full of things that are alive)the sounds of animals. (page 2, line 1)
a huge sea of
alive with
Translate the following sentences.
There was a sea of faces in every scenic area in China during the Spring Festival.
春节期间，中国的每个景点都是人山人海。
2. We must face a huge sea of troubles and bear them.
我们必须面对海量的困难并忍受它们。
3. Ed was alive with happiness.
埃德高兴得眉飞色舞。
4. No wonder people say Austria is always alive with the sound of music.
难怪人们说奥地利永远充满音乐之声。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1. The land is ________________spring sowing activities.
大地充满了一片春耕的活气。
2. I stood amid（在…之中） ______________ corn.
我站在茫茫一片庄稼之中.
3. He looked down and saw ___________________________________.
他往下看，看到一张张笑脸。
4. The pond ______________________________.
池塘里都是青蛙。
a sea of smiling faces
was alive with frogs
alive with
a sea of
3. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. (page 2, lines 7–9)
through which
to whom
句中 from which the rainforest gets its name是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，为先行项 The Amazon river提供补充信息，先行项和非限制性定语从句之间用逗号隔开。
e.g.
1. The house, ______________was built over a hundred years ago, was not damaged in the earthquake.
2. He stands near the window, ________________________ he can see a beautiful sea sight.
3. The woman ______________________ you spoke is a teacher.
which
4. The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the south American continent. With an area of around 6 million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
The price includes both house and furniture.
I hate animals, including dogs.
I hate animals, dogs included.
vt.
prep.
adj.
5. The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the south American continent. With an area of around 6 million square kilometers, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.
Expressions used to make comparisons:
the same size/length as …
more than/larger than/longer than …
as large/long as …
twice/three times as large/long as …
A be + 倍数+the height/weight/length/size...of B
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球的体积是月球的9倍.
这间教室是那间教室的三倍宽。
This classroom is three times the width of that one.
② A be +倍数+as +adj/adv+as B
The table is four times as long as that one
这张桌子是那张的四倍长
③ A be +倍数 adj/adv比较级+than B A比B....几倍
中国比韩国大96倍。
China is 96 times larger than Korea.
1. It was reported that in 2011, about 34 million people lived in the Amazon—that is 10 million more than the population of Shanghai.
2. From 2001 to 2012, about 177,000 square kilometres of the Amazon rainforest were lost—that is more than half the size of New Zealand.
3. From 2001 to 2012, about 177,000 square kilometres of the Amazon rainforest were lost—that is about twice the size of Jiangsu.
6. Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground.
Relative pronouns introduced by that
这就是生产洗衣机第那个工厂。
This is the factory that makes washing machine.
你找到你需要的东西吗？
Have you got the things (that) you need
7. Of the 390,000 plant species known to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. This tall and ancient brazil nut tree produces nuts that we can eat; these water lilies are big enough to lie down on. The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground.
The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements.
a variety of 多种多样的
There are various ways of solving the problem.
various adj. 各种各样的
The levels of tolerable pain vary greatly from individual to individual.
vary vi. 变化，变更，改变
vary from…to… 由……到……不等
vary with 随……变化
【语境应用】翻译句子。
With the development of economy, there are various goods in stores, varying from daily groceries to luxury goods (奢侈品), which greatly enrich people’s life. In addition, the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.
随着经济的发展，商店里的商品种类繁多，从日常用品到奢侈品不等，大大丰富了人们的生活。此外，货物的种类和数量也随季节而变化。
【语境应用】翻译句子。
With the development of economy, there are various goods in stores, varying from daily groceries to luxury goods (奢侈品), which greatly enrich people’s life. In addition, the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.
随着经济的发展，商店里的商品种类繁多，从日常用品到奢侈品不等，大大丰富了人们的生活。此外，货物的种类和数量也随季节而变化。
Language points
在这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致。
8. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
在它的上面是黑暗森林地面上的大量落叶。
介词短语above that放句首，句子用完全倒装。这样可以保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密。
e.g. Among these people was his friend Jim.
他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
Language points
mass n. a large amount of sth. 大量；许多，团；块；堆
【搭配】
a mass of / masses of sth 大量，许多
the mass of … ……中的大多数
the masses 群众
e.g. A mass of snow and rocks falling down the mountain
从山上滚下来的一堆积雪和石块
I struggled through the mass of people to the exit.
我在人群里挤来挤去,挤到了出口处。
a TV programme that brings science to the masses
普及科学知识的电视节目
mass adj. involving or intended for a very large number of people 大量的，大批的；民众的
e.g. a mass marketing campaign 大规模营销活动
Email has made mass mailings possible at the touch of a button.
有了电子邮件，点击一个按钮就可以群发邮件。
9. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things.
每一层森林都形成了自己的小世界，是各种生物的家园。
living n. the way that you earn money or the money that you earn 生计; 收入
e.g. What do you do for a living (=what do you do as a job )你是做什么营生的？
living adj. 1) alive now 活着的；活的，做表语或前置定语
e.g. the finest living pianist 当今的最杰出的钢琴家
2) 在使用的；在实施的
e.g. a living language (=one that people still use)现用语言
lively/alive/live
alive adj. 活着的，有活力的，常作表语、后置定语或补语。
His grandparents are still alive. （表语）
Who is the greatest poet alive （后置定语）
In the end, two brave soldiers caught the enemy general alive.（宾补）
lively adj. 活泼的，活跃的，生动的，指人或物，作定语或表语。
They fell into a lively discussion of the question.
Her story about her life in Africa was lively and interesting.
live v. 居住；过……的生活
adj. 活的，不指人，一般只作定语。
adj. & adv. 现场直播，现场表演
The couple are living a peaceful life in the countryside.
This is a live tiger. Don’t get too close to it.
The club has live music most nights.
If the match is broadcast live on CCTV 5, we needn’t go to the stadium.
【语境应用】请将下列汉语句子译成英语。
北京是个生机勃勃的城市。
2. 没有水，地球上将没有生物。
3. 我们不知道他是否还活着。
4. 无论发生什么，请保持希望。
Beijing is a lively city.
Without water, there will be no living things on earth.
We don’t know whether he is alive or not.
Whatever happens, please keep your hope alive.
10. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain.
尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存,但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。
引导让步状语从句
While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
Strike while the iron is hot.
Some people waste food while others are starving.
尽管
当……时
然而
【拓展】
survive vt. to live longer than someone else, usually someone closely related to you 比…活(或存在)的时间长
survival n. 生存；幸存
survivor n. 幸存者；生还者
She ____________ her husband by ten years.
Many birds didn’t survive the severe winter.
His only chance of__________was a heart transplant.
The plane crashed in an area of dense of jungle. There were no__________.
vt. to live or exist longer than sb or sth
vt. to continue to live or exist despite a dangerous event or time
.
survived
survival
survivors
11. These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 相应地, 这些青蛙以昆虫为食,而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。
in turn 1) as a result of sth. in a series of events 相应地,转而
e.g. Increasing production costs will, in turn, lead to higher prices.
生产成本不断提高相应地会引超价格上涨。
2) one after the other in a particular order 依次
e.g. There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.
女士们依次发言时，每一位都得到了喝彩。
【拓展】
in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着
take turns to do sth./ (in) doing sth. 轮流做某事
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
e.g. It will be in Tom’s turn to be on duty tomorrow.
明天轮到汤姆值日。
The students were taking turns reading aloud.
学生正在轮流朗读。
I think it's our turn to drive the kids to school this week.
我想这周该轮到我们开车送孩子们上学了。
Fill the blanks with the words in the box below.
off down over in back out up
I haven’t even turned Monday’s work yet.
Please turn the television before you go to bed.
The job turned to be harder than we thought.
We arranged to meet at 7 a.m., but she never turned .
Customs officials turned the man to the police.
Please turn the volume . It is a little noisy.
The weather became so bad that they had to turn .
in
off
out
up
over
down
back
12. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth.
当一只美洲豹死亡时，一小群微生物帮助它分解身体，并将营养物质返回土壤。
break down 1) 分解；将……分成若干部分
e.g. The report breaks down the results region by region.
报告将调查结果按地区分成若干部分。
2) (机器或车辆)出毛病，损坏
e.g. Their car broke down.
他们的车子出故障了。
3) (讨论、关系或系统) 失败，破裂，失灵
e.g. Talks with business leaders broke down last night.
昨晚与商界领导人的谈判破裂了。
Paola's marriage broke down.
Paola的婚姻破裂了。
4) 情不自禁地哭起来:
e.g. He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
听到这个消息,他不禁失声痛哭。
13. The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth's oxygen.
亚马孙雨林通过固定碳,并产生超过全球总量20%的氧气,使 得地球生生不息。
breathe life into 给…带来起色,注入活力
e.g. We need some new people to breathe life into this project.
我们需要一些新人来为这个项目注入活力。
【语境应用】翻译句子。
1. 是读者通过来信给报纸带来了生气。It is the readers who _______________a newspaper with their letters.
2. 影评家希望这位年轻导演会给法国的电影业注入新的生命。
Critics are hoping the young director can __________________ the French film industry.
breathe life into
breathe new life into
14. Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming.
在过去的50年里,由于农耕和养牛等人类活动,约17%的雨林已经消失了。
due to: because of 由于, 因为 (常用于正式文体中)
e.g. The flight was cancelled due to bad weather.
由于天气不好, 航班被取消了。
agriculture n. 农业；农学；农艺
agricultural adj. 农业的，农用的
e.g. agricultural policy/land/production/development
15. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
随着人类活动的影响不断增加， 濒危物种的名单越来越长， 这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺” 的后果吗？
【句子结构分析】
本句是主从复合句。as引导时间状语从句。从句中and连接两个并列句。
impact n. 1) the effect or influence 作用，影响
e.g. New technologies will have an impact on teaching methods
新技术会对教学方法产生影响。
2) the force of one object hitting another
冲击力，撞击力撞击；冲撞；冲击力
e.g. The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.
这一记猛击把杰克打了个趔趄。
impact v. 有影响；冲击
impact on/upon 对……产生影响
e.g. Her father’s death impacted greatly on/upon her childhood years.
Negative prefixes
Prefixes Words
un- unbelievable, uncomfortable, unclear, uncommon, unconditional
dis- disappear, disagree, disadvantage, disappoint
in-/im-/il-/ir- irreplaceable, impossible, independent, illegal
non- non-smoking, non-renewable, non-profit, non-stop
You will be __________ (able) to pass the exam if you don’t study hard.
If someone doesn’t show good manners to others, he is __________ (polite).
Simon is such a(n) __________ (honest) person that no one believes him.
It is so __________ (fair). Mary gets more money for less work.
They looked poor and __________ (healthy).
Would you let other people’s __________ (sense) change your mood
Most of that money goes to __________ (profit) organizations that run programmes for the poor.
It is __________ (friendly) of him to say such bad words to his classmates.
unfriendly
impolite
dishonest
unfair
unhealthy
nonsense
non-profit
unable
Fill in the blanks with words with negative prefixes.
Consolidation
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 长江是世界上第三大河，它几乎和亚马孙河有相同的长度。(the same length as)
2. 长江流域面积有180万平方千米，流经中国八个省、两个直辖市和一个自治区。(with an area of)
3. 长江在维持中国的生态平衡中扮演着重要的角色。(play a significant role in)
4. 长江维系着许多不同的生态系统，许多珍稀动物都能在这里找到。(a variety of)
5. 然而，由于人类活动的影响，一些珍稀动物消失了。(the impact of …)
6. 这些动物是不可替代的，我们应该采取措施来保护它们。(irreplaceable)
1. 长江是世界上第三大河，它几乎和亚马孙河有相同的长度。(the same length as)
The Yangtze River is the third largest river in the world, which almost has the same length as the Amazon River.
2. 长江流域面积有180万平方千米，流经中国八个省、两个直辖市和一个自治区。(with an area of)
With an area of 180 million square kilometres, the Yangtze River crosses into eight provinces, two municipalities and one autonomous region of China.
3. 长江在维持中国的生态平衡中扮演着重要的角色。(play a significant role in)
The Yangtze River plays a significant role in keeping the balance of the ecosystem in China.
4. 长江维系着许多不同的生态系统，许多珍稀动物都能在这里找到。(a variety of)
The Yangtze River supports many different ecosystem and a variety of rare animals can be found here.
5. 然而，由于人类活动的影响，一些珍稀动物消失了。(the impact of …)
However, because of the impact of human activities, some rare animals have disappeared.
6. 这些动物是不可替代的，我们应该采取措施来保护它们。(irreplaceable)
These animals are irreplaceable and we should take some measures to protect them.
Step Five: Applying
The Amazon rainforest has been on fire for three weeks. 亚马逊雨林已经烧了三周了。
Currently more than 2,500 fires are active in the Amazon, which were started by people. 目前，亚马逊地区有2500多起火灾，这些火灾都是由人类引起的。
Environmental organizations are saying the fire were started by Brazilian ranchers and loggers, who want to clear land for development. 环保组织称火灾是由巴西牧场主和伐木工引起的，他们想要清理土地用于开发。
The Amazon has seen a record number of fires in 2019 with more than 75,000 forest fires in the first eight months of the year, according to the Brazilian Space Agency. 根据巴西航天局的数据，亚马逊在2019年发生了创纪录的火灾，今年前8个月发生了7.5万多起森林火灾。
The fires are emitting large amounts of smoke and carbon, even darkening the skies in S o Paulo, a city more than 3,200km away. 大火释放出大量烟雾和碳，甚至让3200多公里外的圣保罗的天空变暗了。
亚马逊雨林烧了3个星期 “地球之肺”被浓烟笼罩 2019.8.27
Step Five: Applying
The Amazon Rainforest Fires leaves a destructive influence on the ecosystem in the world.
Step Five: Applying(Group Work)
To raise the awareness of protecting the Amazon rainforest, you are invited to make a speech in the United Nations. Please work with your group members and write the speech together.
Useful expressions:
1. It is my great honor to have a chance to make a speech here.
2. It has a crucial influence on
3. be of significance to
3. be home to
4. It is time for sb to do sth.
5. make joint efforts to do sth
Show Time
Step Five: Applying(Group Work)
Possible version:
Ladies and gentlemen,
It is my great honor to have a chance to make a speech here. Today, I want to talk about our shared home---- the Amazon rainforest. Recently, a raging fire broke out in the Amazon rainforest and lasted for 21 days, which leaves results that we can’t afford.
Actually, the Amazon rainforest has a crucial influence on the Earth’s eco-balance and people’s lives. First of all, it is home to a variety of wildlife. More than 40,000 plant species lived in this fantastic forest. More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals can be found here. What’s more, known as the “lungs of the planet”, it contributes almost 20 percent of the earth’s oxygen and has a significant effect on the world’s climate.
As a citizen in the earth, we couldn’t live a better life without the Amazon rainforest. It’s time for us to make joint efforts to protect it.
Step Six: Homework
1. polish your writing
2. preview the handout on language points