中考书面表达点拨

课件28张PPT。八年级下写作点拨 一 发言稿 发言稿的写作发言稿是指公共场合演讲、致欢迎辞、发言等。发言稿是直接面向听众的，因此在语言选择上要简短，内容上要观点鲜明。
一、发言稿通常由称呼、正文和结束语组成。
1.称呼：写在第一行左边，顶格书写。常用的称呼有Dear Mr./Mrs./Miss...,Dear Sir/Madam,Ladies and gentlemen,Boys and girls等。
2.正文：位于称呼语的下一行，向右缩进四个字母左右。
3.结束语：演讲结束时，一般要以“That?s all.Thank you!”结束。二、在写发言稿时，要注意以下几点：
1.演讲目的要明确，正文主题鲜明，观点突出，内容要点全面。
2.多使用简短的句子。3.理清写作顺序，文章前后要连贯。
三、常用句型：
1.May I have your attention, please?
注意，听我说好吗？
2.I’m very happy to have the chance to speak here.
很高兴有机会在这儿发言。
3.I’d love to share with you something about...
我很乐意和你们分享一些关于……的事情。
4.Allow me to...
请允许我……
5.I think we must...
我认为我们必须……
6.Let’s try our best to...
让我们尽最大努力……
7.I hope what I said is helpful.
我希望我说的话是有用的。
8.Thats all. Thank you for listening.
我的演讲结束了。谢谢大家。
四、范文欣赏。（2013，金华、丽水）
你校将组织一次与澳大利亚交换生的交流活动，主题为“My Dream School”。请根据表中所给的提示词，用英语写一篇发言稿，描述你理想中的高中学校。
要求：
1. 词数80—100；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名；
3.开头与结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。My Dream School
Ladies and gentlemen,
I’d like to share with you my dream school. The moment you enter this school, you will see a large and beautiful campus with trees and flowers here and there.
In this school, we are living like a big family. Teachers here are kind as parents and classmates get along well with each other like brothers and sisters. When in class, we are free to choose what we are interested in and are given a lot of time to practice. After class, instead of doing much homework, we can join different kinds of clubs and do whatever sports we like.
What do you think of my dream high school?
That’s all. Thanks for listening.二 调查报告 调查报告写作指导调查报告是对某项工作、某个事件、某个问题进行深入细致的调查后，将调查收集到的信息加以整理、分析，并以书面形式汇报调查情况及结果的一种应用文体。
一、在写调查报告时，要注意以下几点：
1.首先应交代写作目的。调查报告的写作目的往往是为了反映社会现象，以便提出改进措施。
2.根据写作需要可适当交代采访范围、采访对象、采访人数、采访话题，以增强数据的可信度和结论的权威性。
3.接着应交代调查结果。
4.个人观点或建议（提出改进措施）。 5.写作中用好过渡性词汇，增强行文逻辑性。
调查报告常见的过渡性词汇有：表示对比关系的“but，however，while”；表示递进关系的“what’s more/besides”；表示因果关系的“thanks to，as a result （of），therefore”；表示转折关系的“however，but，yet”；表示并列关系的“on the one hand，on the other hand”；表总结的“in a word/in short”；表示情感态度的“to our surprise，to our joy”；表示行文过渡的“as a rule，generally speaking，as we all know”。二、常用句型：
1.We did a survey about...last week.
上周我们针对……做了一项调查。
2.I have recently made/done a survey about/of...
近期我做了一项关于……的调查。
3.Here are the results.这就是结果。
4.The survey shows that...调查显示……
5.According to the result of the survey, we know that...
根据调查结果，我们知道……
6.In my opinion,...在我看来，……
7.I think we should...我认为我们应当……
三、范文欣赏。（2011，绍兴）
最近，你校就学生英语阅读情况做了一次调查，结果不令人满意(见下表)。请你根据表格内容用英语写一篇短文，并提出一些建议。注意：
1.文章必须包括表格中的全部内容，可适当增加细节；
2.建议可面向学生或教师提出，但至少写三条；
3.文章开头已给出，不计入总词数，只需接着写；
4.词数：80—100。
参考词汇：合适的suitable材料material
Recently, our school has done a survey of students’? English reading situation, but the results are not pleasing. On the one hand, students aren’t very interested in reading. And they can find little time to read because they have too much homework. On the other hand, they can’ t read in right ways. Besides, there are not enough suitable materials for them to read.
In my opinion, we are supposed to spend more time in reading. We need to practice reading every day. As for teachers, I hope they can give us less homework. What’s more, they had better teach us how to read and provide more suitable materials for us.三 议论文的写作
一、议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场和看法的一种文体。
议论文有三要素：论点、论据和论证。
中学阶段英语议论文结构相对固定简单，通常为：
1.在导语部分开门见山，直接提出要讨论的问题。
2.在正文部分对所提问题进行事例论证。
3.在结论部分进行总结、归纳，并提出自己的观点。
写议论文要考虑论点，考虑用什么作论据来证明、怎样来论证和得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论；或者先引述一个故事，一段对话，或描写一个场面，再一层一层地从事实中分析出道理，归纳引申出一个新的结论；也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的问题，然后一一作答，逐层深入；还可以把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照，然后得出结论。 二、具体写作中要注意下列几点：
1.议题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水。
2.议论时可以采用不同的方法。如：可以摆出正反两方面观点，进行对比；也可引经据典论证自己观点的正确性，从而使读者接受自己的观点；亦可提出一种错误的观点然后论证其错误，最终提出正确的观点。正文部分是写作的重点，论证方法可用归纳法、推理法、比较法等。
3.在结论部分必须表明作者的观点，对讨论的问题做出总结。三、范文欣赏。（2013，台州）
对于“碰到作业困难时是否向老师请教”的问题，同学们持有不同的观点，请你根据下表内容的提示，用英语写一篇短文，陈述同学们的观点及理由，并谈谈你的观点及理由，发表在校园网的论坛上。注意：
1.短文必须包括表中的所有信息，可适当发挥；
2.开头已给出，不计入总词数，你只需接着写；
3.词数：80—100。
参考词汇：explain clearly，communicate with，be laughed at
The students of our class have different ideas about whether we ask teachers for help with homework problems. Those who prefer to ask teachers for help think that teachers can explain clearly, and it will be a good chance to communicate with teachers. However, some disagree. On the one hand, they are too shy to ask teachers for help. On the other hand, they are afraid of being laughed at by others.
As for me, I would like to ask teachers for help. I can get more ways for my study. It is easier to solve the problems with their help, and I can save more time in homework. Teachers can help me a lot.四 写作典例之旅游与交通（一）（2011，温州）
初中的生活即将结束，一项调查结果显示很多同学想在考试后去旅游，但是也有同学不喜欢旅游。请以“Traveling Is... ”为题写一篇100词左右的短文谈谈你的看法。
要求：
1.先把题目补充完整（可用interesting，boring等）；
2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。【范文欣赏一】
Traveling Is Interesting
Traveling is interesting.
You will have lots of fun things to do and see during the trip. Just imagine that you are walking in the beautiful mountains, enjoying the fresh air and listening to the bird‘s singing. It‘s amazing, isn’t it? Sometimes, you may meet people from different places and make friends with them, which makes your trip a more pleasant one. Also, you may have many interesting things to share with your friends when you are back. All the pleasure of your trip will be kept in your memory.
It’s not surprising that so many students can‘t wait to go traveling after the examination!【范文欣赏二】
Traveling Is Boring
Traveling is usually boring.
There are always too many people in places of interest in China and it is crowded everywhere, especially on holidays. Just imagine that you are waiting in line, hungry and thirsty. “Why do I come here? To see the crowd?” you may complain. If you are unlucky, you may meet a bad guide who pushes you to shop here and there. It’s terrible, isn‘t it? Also, you may have to get up early to take the plane or wait in the airport for hours because of the delayed flight.
Therefore, I prefer to stay at home than go traveling after the examination. （二）（2013，宁夏）
假定你叫李明，你的好友蒂姆周末想去宁夏图书馆。他给你写电子邮件想了解怎样去比较方便。请你根据下面提示用英语给他回一封电子邮件。
提示：
1.乘公共汽车，要换乘车，还要步行一段路；
2.周末打的难，费时、费钱；
3.骑自行车去，快捷、有益于健康；
要求：
1.词数80左右，电子邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2.紧扣要点，适当发挥；
3.文中不得出现真实的人名和校名。【写作指导】
本篇写作要求考生写一封电子邮件，为好友蒂姆介绍周末怎样去图书馆比较方便。根据所给提示可以列出下列要点：
1.by bus: need to change a bus, walk for a while
2.by taxi: cost more money and time, difficult at weekends
3.by bike: easier and quicker, good for health
注意事项：
1.时态应用一般现在时；
2.在介绍去图书馆的这三种方式后，考生要为蒂姆提出自己的看法。Dear Tim,
There are many ways to go to Ningxia Library. One way is to go there by bus. But you need to change a bus and walk for a while when you get off the bus. Another way is to take a taxi, but it will cost you more money and time because it is difficult to get a taxi at weekends. I think it’s easier and quicker to go there by bike. What‘s more, it is good for your health.
Best regards,
Li Ming五 倡议书的写作倡议书是发动人们开展某项具体活动的一种应用文体，目的是希望大家共同完成某项任务或开展某项公益活动。
一、倡议书的构成：
1.标题：简单概括倡议的内容。英语倡议书多数情况下省略。
2.称呼：可根据受倡议对象选用适当的称谓，如：Dear classmates, Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls等。
3.正文：正文是倡议书的重要部分，主要写倡议的背景，倡议的对象、目的、内容、意义和要求。
4.结尾：表示倡议者的决心、希望以及建议，常用“Let‘s...！”“Why not...?”等提建议的句型。
5.落款：写倡议者的单位名称或发起人姓名。
二、写倡议书时的注意事项：

1.倡议书的内容要有新的时尚和精神，要切实可行。
2.倡议书的背景、目的要写清楚，理由要充分，措辞要恰当，情感要真挚，同时要富有鼓动性。
3.篇幅不宜太长。
三、范文欣赏。（2012，温州）（2013，孝感）
某英文网站提出“走路去上学”的提议，请你就这一话题写一篇约100词的英语文章，内容可包括：走路有利于健康，和朋友结伴有利于……，让父母节省……，使城市……，可适当发挥。
注意：文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
参考词汇：be good for, with friends, save
【思路点拨】这类题目内容比较广泛，只需把握住中心点即可，但要想有新意，除句子通顺、用词恰当外，条理也应鲜明。可适当运用first, next, then等来增强条理性。Dear classmates,
I think going to school on foot is good for us. First of all, walking to school is a wonderful way to exercise and it’s good for health. Next, it‘s fun to walk together with friends every day. We can talk about something interesting and know each other better. What’s more, if we walk, our parents won’t have to drive us to school. There will be fewer cars in the city. More walking and less driving help to make our city cleaner. The streets won‘t be as crowded as they are now. I hope more and more students will go to school on foot.
Let’s take action!
LiHua