(共54张PPT)
2022-2023八年级英语下册复习课件
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room ？
单元复习课件
Learning Aims
1.Review the phrases and key sentences of Unit3.
2. Review the important grammar.
3. Sum up how to make a polite request(礼貌的请求）
4.Learn how to write a passage.
重点单元词汇过关
1.n.垃圾;废弃物___________
2.v.折叠;对折___________
3.v.扫;打扫___________
4.n.地板___________
5.n.杂乱;不整洁___________
6.v.扔;掷___________
7.adv.也不___________
8.n.衬衫___________
9.v.给;递;走过;通过___________
10.v.借;借用___________
rubbish
fold
sweep
floor
mess
throw
neither
shirt
pass
borrow
11.v.借给;借出___________
12.n.手指___________
13.v.厌恶;讨厌___________
14.n.杂务;乏味无聊的工作___________
15.conj.当....的时候;然而___________
16.n.点心;小吃;快餐___________
17.n.精神压力;心理负担___________
18.n.浪费;垃圾 v.浪费;滥用___________
19.v.提供;供应___________
20.adv.而且;加之___________
lend
finger
hate
chore
while
snack
stress
waste
provide
anyway
lend
finger
hate
chore
while
snack
stress
waste
provide
anyway
21.v.依靠;信赖___________
22.v.发展;壮大___________
23.n.独立___________
24.n.公平性;合理性___________
25.conj.因为;既然; ....以后; ....以来____
26.n.邻居___________
27.adj.有病;不舒服___________
28.v.落下;掉下___________
29.adj.独立的;自主的___________
30.adj.合理的;适当的___________
31.adj.不合理的;不公正的___________
depend
develop
independence
fairness
since
neighbor
ill
drop
independent
fair
unfair
depend
develop
independence
fairness
since
neighbor
ill
drop
independent
fair
unfair
重点短语
make the bed 整理床铺
clean the livng room 打扫客厅
no problem 没问题
welcome sb. 欢迎某人
throw down 扔下
come over 过来
take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
all the time 一直;总是
all day/evening 整曰/夜
do housework 做家务
shout back 大声回应
go out for dinner 出去吃饭
stay out late 在外面待到很晚
go to the movies 去看电影
get a ride 搭车
work on computer在电脑上工作
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
do chores做杂物
do the dishes 洗餐具
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
fold the clothes 叠衣服
sweep the floor 扫地
walk away 走开
in surprise 惊讶地
hang out 闲逛
pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
do chores 做杂务
help sb. (to ) d o /with sth
帮助某人干某事
buy some snacks买些小吃
go to the store去商店
invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
enough stress足够的压力
Point 1：
Peter, could you please take out the rubbish (教材P17 图片文字)
take out意为__________，是___________型短语。后跟名词作宾语时放在take out 之间或后面都可以，后跟代词作宾语时，只能放在_______________。take out还有____________之意。 take...out of... 意为___________________。
“带出去”
“动词+副词”
在take与out之间
“取出，拿出”
“把…从…中取出”
如：这只狗很吵。你能把它带出去吗，迈克？
The dog is noisy. Can you ____________. Mike
take it out
书在我的包里，请把它拿出来。
The book is in my bag. Please ____________.
我从钱包里掏出钱来付早餐费。
I _____________________ my wallet to pay for the breakfast.
took the money out of
take it out
make one’s bed
Point 2：
make one’s bed 意为 ____________, 相当于 make the bed。
“整理床铺”
make a bed 意为__________, 其中 make 作 “制造;制作”解。
“制作床”
如：你起床后整理床铺吗
Do you _______________ after you get up
他叔叔上星期给他做了一张床
His uncle _____________ for him last week.
make your bed
made a bed
I’m going to work on it now. (教材P18 2c)
Point 3：
work on是一个动词短语, on 为介词, 表示从事某项工作, 做某项工作/研究, 创作作品、作画、开机器等。
如：他正在操作电脑。
He _____________a computer.
is working on
work hard on/at意为____________________________。 at work 意为___________________, 常作表语, 同be动词连用。
“(在……方面)努力学习,努力干”
“在工作, 在运转”
如：她努力干那项新工作。
She ______________ the new job.
她母亲现在在上班。
Her mother is __________ now.
works hard at
at work
a few, few, a little 与 little
Point 4：
汉 语 汉 语
few little
a few a little
修饰可数名词的复数
不多;很少
少数几个
修饰不可数名词
不多;很少
一点儿
表否定
表肯定
1．我是新来的，在城里我几乎没有朋友。
I am new, and I have _________ friends in the city.
2．他在瓶子里放了一点盐。
He put _________ salt in the bottle.
3．书中有几幅画。
There are _________ pictures in the book.
4．快点！剩下的时间不多了。
Hurry up! There is _________ time left.
few
a little
a few
little
Point 5：
情态动词could的用法
could
can的过去式
礼貌的请求
提出建议
推测
如：我10岁时就能跑得很快。
I___________ fast when I was 10.
你能帮我吗？
你现在可以和老师谈谈了。
上周末他不可能在学校。
_______ you help me
You __________ to your teacher now.
He __________ at the school last weekend.
could run
Could
could talk
couldn’t be
没问题。____________
乐意帮忙。_____________
当然可以。_____________________________
用于向别人提出要求或请求
“Could you please do... ” 意为 ____________________，用于提出要求或请求。否定形式为：________________________
“能请你……吗？”
“Could you please not do... ”
肯定回答
是的，当然可以。___________________
No problem.
With pleasure.
Sure./Of course./Certainly, I can.
Yes, sure./Of cousre.
Could you please lend me your bike
如：你能把你的自行车借给我吗？
Sure./Of course./Certainly, I can.
恐怕不行。_______________
我恐怕不能。我得……____________________________
对不起，我不能，我得……_______________________
对不起，我将……_____________________
Sorry, I can't. I have to...
Sorry, I'm going to ...
I'm afraid I can’t. I have to...
I'm afraid not.
否定回答
如：明天你能和我一起去远足吗？
Could you please go hiking with me tomorrow
Sorry, I can't. I have to prepare for a competition.
对不起，我不能。我得准备一场比赛。
肯定回答及否定回答中,均不用could,而是要用can代替could。
常见表示委婉请求做某事的句型及其答语:
委婉请求: Could you please+ do sth.
Could you+ do sth.
Would you please + do sth.
Would you + do sth.
肯定回答: Sure. /Of course. /No problem. /I'd love to.
否定回答: Sorry./Sorry, I can’t / I'd love to, but……
用于征得许可
“Could I do... ”意为______________，用于_______________________。
“我能……吗？”
请求对方允许自己做某事
Yes, you can. / Of course you can. /Yes, please.
Sorry, you can't. /I'm afraid you can't. /No, you mustn’t.
否定回答
肯定回答
如：我能看看你的新手表吗？
Could I have a look at your new watch
Of course you can. Here you are.
你当然可以。给你
妈妈，我能出去一会儿吗？
Mum, could I go out for a while
I'm afraid you can't. You have to wash your clothes first.
恐怕不行。你必须先洗衣服。
表示请求允许（即请求别人允许自己做某事），could和can都可以用，但could语气更委婉。
回答时，一般只用can，而不用could。
Could I at least finish watching this show (教材P18 2d)
Point 6：
finish的基本意思是____________, 表明已达到所做事情的终点。引申可表示__________________________等。finish可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时可接_______、_______或________作宾语，不能接__________。
“结束，完成”
“用光，吃光”“毕业”“杀掉”
名词
代词
动名词
不定式
如：晚饭前他把这本书看完了。
He _______________ the book before supper.
finished reading
没完成家庭作业前你哪儿都不能去。
You can’t go anywhere until you ______________ your homework.
have finished
enjoy doing sth. practice doing sth.
keep on doing sth. mind doing sth.
be busy doing sth. have fun doing sth.
feel like doing sth. look forward to doing sth.
can’t help doing sth. give up doing sth.
★ 跟finish一样，在与动词连用时，只能接动名词形式作宾语，不能接动词不定式的常见动词及短语有：
喜爱做某事
继续/一直做某事
介意做某事
忙于做某事
高兴做某事
想要做某事
盼望做某事
禁不住做某事
练习做某事
放弃做某事。
(接to do的动作时间发生在“谓语动词之后，是将来的事情”，一般都是单一动作；接doing的动作时间发生在“以谓语动词为核心，向前后延伸，一般都是过去发生的动作一直持续的事情”，一般都是重复、持续的动作。)
Could you please pass me the salt (教材P20 4a)
Point 7：
pass在此处为及物动词，意为_________。_________________________，意为____________________。如果sth. 为代词，只能用________________结构。
“给;递”
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.
“把某物递给某人”
pass sth. to sb.
如：他把杂志递给我。
He _______________________.
passed me the magazine
He _______ the magazine ______ me
passed
to
This ball is Mike's. Please _____________.
这个球是迈克的。请把它传给他。
pass it to him
pass 还可意为____________；_____________；________________。
“走过;通过”
“及格;合格”
(时间) 过去;流逝
如：这条路太窄了，汽车无法通过。
The road was so narrow that cars were unable to ____.
pass
我很高兴我通过了考试。
I was happy that I _______________.
passed the exam
日子过得很慢。
The days _____________.
passed slowly
Could I borrow that book (教材P20 4a)
Could you lend me some money (教材P20 4a)
Point 8：
例词 含义 常用结构
borrow 意为__________，指主语从别人处“______”东西自己使用。 borrow sth. (from sb.)
___________________
lend (_________) 意为____________，指主语把自己的东西________给别人使用。 lend sth. to sb.=lend sb. sth. _______________
lent, lent
“借；借用”
借来
（向某人）借某物
“借给；借出”
“借出”
把某物借给某人
keep也可意为____________，是____________，表示“长时间的借”。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。常用于__________。而lend与borrow是__________，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
“保存，借”
延续性动词
短暂性动词
现在完成时
Point 9：
My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. (教材P19 3a)
as soon as 意为_____________，引导_____________，其后省略了引导词that，相当于the moment 或 the minute。as soon as = ____________ = ___________。
在含有as soon as引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句用____________，从句则用 ___________ 表将来。
“一……就”
时间状语从句
the moment
the minute
一般将来时
一般现在时
如：请你一到那儿就给我打电话。
Please call me up ___________ you get there.
the minute
as soon as
the moment
我刚在电视机前坐下，我妈妈就过来了。
My mom came over _________ I _________ in front of the TV.
as soon as
sat down
我一做完作业就去和你玩。
As soon as I _________ my homework, I will go and play with you.
finish
Point 10：
I threw down my bag and went to the living room. (教材P19 3a)
throw作动词，意为__________, 其过去式为_________，过去分词为__________。常用短语有：throw away/out 意为________；throw at 意为_____________；throw down 意为_______；throw to 意为__________
“扔；掷 ”
threw
thrown
扔掉
向……扔去
扔下
扔给……
如：你应该扔掉那些旧报纸。
You should _____________ those old newspapers.
throw away/out
他向狗扔了一个球。
He ________ a ball ____ the dog.
有人朝汽车扔了块石头。
Someone _________ a stone ____ the car.
到家后，她扔掉包，躺在沙发上。
Arriving home, she ____________ her bag and lay on the sofa.
threw
to
threw
at
threw down
For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. (教材P19 3a)
Point 11：
“neither/nor +be/助动词/情态动词+主语”为______________，表示主语和前面所陈述的情况有着相同的______概念。表示___________。neither此处用作副词，意为_________。
主谓倒装结构
“……也不”
“也不”
如：我从没去过澳门，我丈夫也没去过。
I have never been to Macao, ______________________________.
neither/nor has my husband
如果你不停下来休息，他们也不会。
If you don't stop to rest, ___________________.
neither/nor will they
否定
“so +连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语”为______________，表示主语和前面所陈述的情况有着相同的_______概念。其中so代替上文中的动作或状态，表示___________________________。
主谓倒装结构
肯定
“也是这样”、“也是如此”
如：—杰克去年冬天在北京。
—真的吗？我也是。
—Jack was in Beijing last winter.
—Really _________.
So was I
(=I was also in Beijing last winter. )
如果你去海边度假，我也去。
If you go to the seaside for your holiday, _____________.
so shall I
so will I
【拓展延伸】neither的其他用法：
neither作代词，意为____________，作主语时，谓语动词用_______形式；也可以和介词of连用，后接_______________________，neither of……后谓语动词可以用___________也可以用_____________。
“(两者)都不”
单数
复数名词或人称代词
单数形式
复数形式
如：他们俩都没有汽车。
Neither of them __________ a car.
has/have
我父母两个都不在家。
Neither of my parents _______ at home.
is/are
Neither _______ good.
两个都不好
is
neither作形容词，与___________连用，意为________________。作主语时，谓语动词要用____________。
名词单数
“(两者)都不的”
单数形式
Neither sentence ____ correct.
如：
Neither answer _______ right.
is
is
用于“neither... nor ...”结构，意为___________________，连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数要_____________________。
“既不……也不……”
与邻近的主语保持一致
（就近远侧）
如：我和他都不认识琳达。
Neither I nor he _______ Linda.
knows
Neither he nor I _______ Linda.
know
Point 13：
invite my friends to a party. (教材P21 1a)
invite 作动词，意为_________。常见用法有：invite sb. to+地点名词 意为________________；invite sb. to do sth. 意为_________________；invitation作名词，意为 _____________。
“邀请”
邀请某人到某地
邀请某人做某事
“邀请；请柬”
如：他昨天邀请我参加他的聚会。
He ____________________ yesterday.
invited me to his party
他们请她一起去散步。
They _____________ go for a walk.
invited her to
谢谢你的盛情邀请。
Thank you for your kind ____________.
invitation
Point 14：
They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. (教材P22 2b)
【易混辨析】spend, cost, take与pay均有________的意思，区别如下：
“花费”
例词 主语 宾语 常用结构
spend
take
人
时间或金钱
某人在某事/物上花费时间/金钱
某人花费时间/金钱做某事
人+spend(s)+时间或金钱+on sth.
人+spend(s) +时间或金钱+（in）doing sth.
时间
it或事物
It+takes+人+时间+to do sth.
(doing)sth. take(s) sb. some time
做某事花费某人多长时间
(做)某事花费某人多长时间
主语 宾语 常用结构
spend 人 时间 金钱 人+spend(s)+时间或金钱+on sth.
某人在某事/物上花费时间/金钱
人+spend(s) +时间或金钱+（in）doing sth.
某人花费时间/金钱做某事
take it 事物 时间 It+takes+人+时间+to do sth.
做某事花费某人多长时间
(doing)sth. take(s) sb. some time
(做)某事花费某人多长时间
cost 物 金钱 物+cost(s) +(人) +金钱
某物花费(某人)多少钱
pay 人 金钱 人+pay(s)+金钱+for+物.
某人为某物付多少钱
如：我们花很多时间读书。
We spend a lot of time ______________ books.
(in) reading
It takes ____ a lot of time __________ books
us
to read
建造火神山医院只花了工人们10天时间。
It ______ the workers only 10 days _______ the Huoshenshan hospital.
took
to build
人+spend(s) +时间或金钱+（in）doing sth.
It+takes+人+时间+to do sth.
The workers _____only 10 days ___________the Huoshenshan hospital.
spent
(in)building
他们在家庭作业上花费了4小时。
They _______ four hours _______ their homework.
spent
on
They _______ four hours _________ their homework.
spent
(in) doing
It ______ them four hours _______ their homework.
took
to do
人+spend(s)+时间或金钱+on sth.
They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. (教材P22 2b)
Point 15：
in order to意为________________________，后加__________构成目的状语, 不成从句。其否定形式为in order not to。
in order that意为____________，后加_______构成目的状语从句，表明主句行为目的。
“为了……；目的是……”
“为了……”
动词原形
从句
in order that有时可与in order to进行转换。
如：为了完成报告，他熬夜很晚。
___________ finish the report, he stayed up very late.
我早起是为了赶上早班车。
I get up early___________ catch the early bus.
In order to
in order to
I get up early in order to catch the early bus.
I get up early in order that ____________ the early bus.
I can catch
Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. (教材P22 2b)
Point 16：
since在此处作连词，意为_____________，引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。
_____________________________, I'll ask someone else.
since作连词，还可意为___________________________，其引导的时间状语从句常用_____________，主句多用_____________。
Mary ____________ here ______ she was five.
“因为；既然”
如：既然你不认识那个男孩，我就去问别人。
Since you don't know the boy
“从……以后；自……以来”
一般过去时
现在完成时
如：玛丽从五岁起就住在这里。
has lived
since
since作介词，意为________________________________，后接表示______________________。
She has been here since ________________ this morning.
since作副词，意为_____________________________，常与现在完成时连用。
She left here ten years ago, and I haven't seen her _______.
“从……以后；自……以来”
表示时间点的词或短语
如：她从今天早上三点就一直在这里。
three o'clock
“从……以后；自……以来”
如：她十年前离开这里，从那以后我再也没有见过她。
since
I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. (教材P22 2b)
Point 16：
“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”意为___________________________，其中it为____________，真正主语为______________. 此句中的形容词多为__________的词语，不对人或物的品格进行评价。如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，impossible等。
“做某事对某人来说是……的”
形式主语
to do sth.
描述性
如：学英语对我来说很重要。
_______________ is very important for me.
To learn English
____ is very important for me ______________.
It
to learn Englis
交朋友是对你来说个好办法。
_____________________ is a good plan for you .
To make more friends
___ is a good plan for you ___________________.
It
to make more friends
It's the parents' job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. (教材P22 2b)
provide作及物动词，意为___________。常用结构：provide sth. for sb. =__________________，意为______________________________________。
“提供；供给”
provide sb. with sth.
“为某人提供某物”或“提供给某人某物”
如：我们将向他们提供食物和饮料。
We'll _________ food and drinks _______ them.
公司提供给我一辆车。
The company ________ me _______ a car.
We'll _________ them _______ food and drinks.
The company ________ a care ________ me.
for
provide
with
provide
Point 17：
provided
with
for
provided
Housework is a waste of their time.
Point 18：
waste可以用作动词，表示__________。
a waste of……意为________________，其中 waste是名词，意为_____________________。主语+waste time/money on sth(in doing sth)，表示_______________________________；
“浪费”
“浪费……”
“浪费；滥用”
“在……方面浪费时间（金钱）”
如：玩电脑游戏是浪费时间的。
Playing computer games is_________ time.
a waste of
我们浪费了整整一下午的时间想把汽车修理好。
We ________ a whole afternoon __________ to repair the car.
wasted
(in) trying
Children these days depend on their parents too much. (教材P22 2b)
Point 19：
depend on意为_______________。depend on+__________________；depend on + ______________ +________________；depend on+__________等。
“依靠；依赖”
某人或某物
不定式或动名词
从句
某人或某物
如：我们是否去野营要看天气
我正指望你做这工作。
千万不要依靠火车能正点到达。
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
Whether we’ll go camping _______________________.
I’m ______________ you __________ the work.
You can’t ____________ the train __________ on time.
Our success ____________whether everyone works hard or not.
depends on the weather
depending on
to do
depend on
arriving
depends on
Could I go out for dinner with my friends
Sure, that should be OK.
Could we get something to drink after the movie
No, you can’t, you have a basketball game tomorrow.
Grammar Focus
Can you please take the dog for a walk
OK, but I want to watch one show first.
Can you please take out the rubbish
Yes, sure.
只作情态动词的 can / could, may /
might, ought to, must
可情态可实义的 need, dare
可情态可助动词的 shall / should, will /
would
相当于情态动词的 have to, used to
情态动词的语法特征
1) 情态动词不能单独做谓语, 除ought和have外, 后面只能接不带to的不定式。
2) 情态动词没有人称, 数的变化, 但有些情态动词, 如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。
3) 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志, 不少情况下, 情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。
1) can的主要用法是：
A. 表示体力或脑力的能力：
e.g. The girl can dance very well.
B. 表示说话的推测﹑事物的可能性等:
e.g. Can the news be true
C. 在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许:
e.g. Can I sit here
can 和could：
can表示“能够”时与短语be able to同义，但can只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后者可用于各种时态。另外，can表示个人有某种能力，而be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于succeed in doing sth.；叙述过去事实时，最好用was / were able to，因为could只表示过去具有某种能力。
2) could的主要用法是：
A. could 是can的过去式, 表示与过去 有关的能力和推测:
e.g. We all knew that the young man
couldn’t be a doctor.
B. could可以代替can表示请求, 但语气较can客气、委婉:
e.g. Could you lend me your
dictionary
Could I use your bike
3) can和could接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。
e.g. They can’t have gone out because the light is still on.
以could或would提问时，不能再以could或would作答，而应该用can或will。如：
—Could I borrow your dictionary
—Yes, of course you can.
情态动词用法小结
1. 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情, 只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2. 情态动词除ought 和have 外, 后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3. 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4. 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。
Writing
本单元以“家务和许可”为话题，围绕家庭中的日常事务展开，引导学生学习并掌握情态动词could表示委婉地请求许可的用法。结合本单元短文所讲内容“青少年在家应不应该做家务”，具体到书面表达中，要求同学们会写有关议论的短文，即议论文。
议论文有三要素：论点、论据和论证。中学阶段英语议论文结构相对固定简单，通常为：
1．在导语部分开门见山，直接提出要讨论的问题；
2．在正文部分对所提问题进行事例论证；
3．在结尾部分进行总结、归纳，并提出自己的观点。
写议论文时常用的相关短语和句型：
①引出议论的相关表达方式：
These years，some students are interested in...近年来一些学生迷上了……
Some parents think...一些家长认为……
The students of our class have different ideas about...我们班的学生在……方面有不同的观点。
②用关联词和相关句型列举事实依据，采用正反对比或归纳推理的方法，证明所持观点的正确性或表明所持的态度。
I like...but I hate...我喜欢……但是讨厌……
For example，...例如，……
First，...Second，...Third，...首先，……第二，……第三，……
③用总结性语句来强调和重申提出的观点。
In a word，...总之，……
In my opinion，...在我看来，……
As we know，...正如我们所知，……
What's more，...更重要的是，……
有必要(30%) 没有必要(70%)
1.学会如何照顾自己。 1.学生的任务是学习而不是劳动。
2.做家务可以培养吃苦耐劳的精神。 2.学习任务繁重，没有做家务的时间。
3.做家务可以体验父母的辛苦。 3.做家务是父母的事情。
你的看法：…… Is it necessary for students to do housework at home？We did a survey about this.
According to the result，we know most of the students think it is unnecessary for students to do housework. They think it is the job of their parents.As students，their duty is to study hard.They have no time to do housework because of the heavy homework.On the other hand，some students think it is good for them to do housework.Because they can learn how to look after themselves by doing it，and know how hard their parents are.It also helps them to develop the spirit to work hard.I think we students should spend some time on housework，no matter how busy we are.
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2022-2023八年级英语下册单元复习学案
Unit3（强化训练学案）
1.垃圾；废弃物 _____________ 2.倒垃圾 _____________
3.折叠；对折 _____________ 4.扫；打扫 _____________
5.地板 _____________ 6.杂乱；不整洁 _____________
7.扔；掷 _____________ 8.频繁；反复 _____________
9.也不 _____________ 10.衬衫_____________
11.一……就……；尽快 _____________ 12.给；递；走过；通过 _____________
13.借；借用 _____________ 14.借给；借出 _____________
15.手指 _____________ 16.厌恶；讨厌_____________
17.杂务；乏味无聊的工作 _____________
18.与…同时；当…的时候；而；然而 _____________
19.点心；小吃；快餐 _____________ 20.精神压力；心理负担 _____________
21.浪费；垃圾；浪费；滥用_____________ 22.目的是；为了 _____________
23.提供；供应 _____________ 24.而且；加之 _____________
25.依靠；信赖 _____________ 26.发展；壮大 _____________
27.独立 _____________ 28.公正性；合理性 _____________
29.因为；既然 _____________ 30.邻居 _____________
31.照顾；处理 _____________ 32.有病；不舒服 _____________
33.落下；掉下 _____________ 34.独立的；自主的 _____________
35.合理的；公正的 _____________ 36.不合理的；不公正的 _____________
答案：
1. rubbish 2. take out the rubbish 3.fold 4.sweep 5. floor
6. mess 7.throw 8. all the time 9.neither 10.shirt
11. as soon as 12. Pass 13.borrow 14. Lend 15.finger
16.hate 17. chore 18. while 19. snack 20. stress
21.waste 22. in order to 23. provide 24. anyway 25.depend
26.develop 27.independence 28. fairness 29. since 30.neighbor
31.take care of 32. ill 33.drop 34.drop 35.fair 36. unfair
情态动词could的用法
一、提出礼貌的请求
could表示委婉地请求，其句型结构主要有：
1. Could you +动词原形+...
2. Could you please+动词原形+...
意为＂请你做……好吗 ＂句型2比句型1语气更加委婉。肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I can’t.
Li Lei, could you please help me 李雷，请你帮我个忙好吗？
—Could you come here soon 你尽快过来，行吗？
—Sure. 当然可以。
—Could you please close the window 请你关上窗户好吗？
—I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。
【注意】其否定结构为：Could you（please）not do...
【知识拓展】
Would you mind doing sth 也可表示请求，常用句型：Would you please + do sth Would you + do sth 肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / I’d love to. 否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I can’t. / I’d love to, but... —Would you mind cleaning your room 你介意去打扫你的房间吗？ —No. I’d like to. 不，我很乐意。
二、表示请求许可
1. could表示请求允许，其句型结构为：
Could I/we +动词原形+... 意为＂请问我（们）能做……吗 ＂
肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem.
否定回答：I’m sorry / Sorry, you can’t. 若关系比较亲近，也可以直接说No, you can’t.
【温馨提示】在以上句子结构中情态动词could不是can的过去式，而是用来表示委婉语气的，后跟动词原形。
Could I come in 我可以进来吗？
2. 另外，用Could I ...？时，表示请求对方准许，对方回答时不能用could，而要用can。
—Could I use your bicycle 我可以用你的自行车吗？
—Yes, you can. 是的，可以。
3. 对于这种请求的肯定和否定回答的常用语
肯定回答常用语：Certainly. / Of course. / With pleasure. / No problem. / Sure. / Yes, you can.
否定回答常用语：I’m afraid not. / No, I’m afraid I can’t. / No, you can’t.
三、could与can的区别
could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同：
1. can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合。
Can you tell us your story, Tony 你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗，托尼？
2. could表示有礼貌地请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。
—Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia 请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？
—Sure. 当然可以。
四、while的用法
while用作连词时有以下几种含义：
释义 用法 例句
当....的时候 引导时间状语从句 While I was watching TV, the bell rang. 我看电视时，铃响了。
虽然，尽管 引导让步状语从句 While he is in poor health, he works hard. 虽然他身体不好，但他还是努力工作。
而，然而 连接两个并列分句，表示对比关系 I like singing while she likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌，而她喜欢跳舞。
while引导状语从句时，应注意以下几点：
while引导时间状语从句时，既可放在句首，也可放在句中；
而while引导的让步状语从句一般放在句首，不放在句中。另外，也可以从意义上加以区分。
例：Her parents died while she was still at school. 她还在读书时父母就去世了。（时间状语从句）
While he was tired, he went on working. 虽然他累了，但他还是继续工作。（让步状语从句）
while引导让步状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语含有be动词，
那么从句的主语和be动词都可以省略。
例：While he was ill, he went there. = While ill, he went there. 虽然他病了,但他还是去那里了。
while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词常用延续性动词，表示“与....同时，在.期间”。
例：While we were talking, the teacher came in. 我们正在谈话时，老师进来了。
一、单项选择
1．Boys and girls! You must hand in your homework ________ every day.
A．on time B．from time to time C．at a time D．all the time
2．—Will you come to the party tomorrow
—I’m afraid I can’t, but thanks for the invitation, ________.
A．however B．moreover C．anyway D．then
3．—Why did your family buy a second-hand car
—We couldn’t afford a new one, but even an old one is better than ________.
A．no B．none C．either D．neither
4．—Must I return the book this week
—No, you ________. You can ________ it for 20 days.
A．mustn’t; keep B．needn’t; keep C．needn’t; borrow D．mustn’t; lend
5．— Nichole, how about going to the fitness center with me this Saturday
— Oh, come on, Nina! All fitness centers have been closed ________ many days because of covid-19!
A．since B．during C．in D．for
6．—Miss Lee, everyone’s neijuaning (内卷) crazily now! I want to join them, too.
— No. Every student in the classroom must go back to have an afternoon nap. Enough sleep is necessary ________ good grades!
A．for B．to C．of D．in order to
7．—May I ________ your computer
—Sorry, I ________ it at home.
A．lend; borrow B．borrow; lend C．borrow; left D．lend; lend
8．—Would you mind me changing the channel
—________. My favourite programme is on the way.
A．Better not B．Not at all C．All right D．Of course
9．—Who can go to the concert with me, you or Mike
—________, because both of us will study for the math test.
A．Both B．Either C．Neither D．None
10．—Could you please help out with the housework
—_________. I’m busy studying for the test.
A．Never mind B．Of course not C．Sorry, I can’t D．Yes, I can
二、完形填空
Saturday is Emily’s favorite day of the week. On that day, after doing her ___11___ , she is free to do what she wants to do. But today, it was warm and ___12___ . Emily wanted to go out right now, so she walked to the door ___13___ .
Suddenly, little Joe shouted, “Mama, Emily is going outside, ___14___ she didn’t do her chores.” Emily stopped and got back. Mama entered the room. She said, “I know you love the sunshine, Emily, but do you remember ___15___ responsibility（责任）means ” Emily answered, “Yes, Mama. Responsibility means doing what I should do so I can grow up to ___16___ myself.” Mama smiled and went away.
Emily began to do her chores. She ___17___ her bed, put the toys in the box and placed her books on the bookshelf. She picked up the clothes on the floor and carried ___18___ to the bathroom. There she washed the clothes and cleaned the mirror.
Emily ran ___19___ her mom and shouted, “Mama, I’m done with my chores. I’m going to play outside now.” “Good girl,” her mom said.
Though Emily ___20___ chores, she was glad that she could help Mama.
11．A．homework B．chores C．reading D．training
12．A．sunny B．rainy C．windy D．snowy
13．A．differently B．easily C．quietly D．loudly
14．A．and B．so C．because D．or
15．A．how B．what C．where D．when
16．A．take after B．fix up C．give up D．depend on
17．A．took B．developed C．made D．dropped
18．A．her B．us C．it D．them
19．A．for B．to C．with D．on
20．A．hated B．liked C．enjoyed D．started
三、阅读理解
A
Several years ago, I spent most of my time at a mental hospital (精神病院) in our town. I found much joy there. At first it was a little scary to be there, but I stayed on, because I had a reason for doing this.
I volunteered in a locked-up (封闭的) environment. To my surprise, I found that a friend of my parents’ was a patient in this hospital. I knew, when I was a baby, this woman wanted to keep me because she had no children. I looked after this woman and showed my old photos to her. Finally, she was able to remember some old things, and she said to me one day, “Dear, you should not come here.” But I wanted to bring something happy into this woman’s life. I learned that because she had no family, she couldn’t leave here and go home. So I brought her to my home twice and I still remembered the happy smile on her face.
I have never forgotten this volunteering experience. This woman later passed away. I can’t see her anymore, but I’m happy that I have done something to make a difference in another person’s life.
21．How did the writer feel at first when working in the mental hospital
A．Bored. B．Afraid. C．Interested. D．Comfortable.
22．Why couldn’t the woman leave the hospital
A．Because she couldn’t remember anything. B．Because she couldn’t look after herself.
C．Because she didn’t have any family. D．Because she didn’t want to leave.
23．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．The woman was the writer’s parents’ friend.
B．With the help of the writer, the woman could remember something old.
C．The woman saw the writer’s old photos.
D．The writer went to the woman’s home twice.
24．The underlined phrase “passed away” means “__________” in Chinese.
A．去世 B．逃离 C．居住 D．幸存
25．What is the best title for this passage
A．An unlucky woman B．A special hospital
C．My parents’ friend D．My volunteering experience
B
Mr. Jenkins liked all kinds of delicious food. As an important officer, he was often asked to dinner. The shopkeepers tried their best to fawn on (巴结) him. They knew it was good for their business. The officer got fatter and fatter. He could hardly go upstairs at home and had to sleep downstairs. He often felt tired if he walked or did some housework. He was worried about it and had to go to see a doctor.
“Stop eating much fat (脂肪) and sugar, Mr. Jenkins,” said the doctor, “or it will be worse for your health!” It was difficult for the officer to do it. He wouldn’t do as the doctor said. Of course, he found something was wrong with his heart a few months later. Now he thought the doctor was right. And he had to be in hospital.
“You must lose weight, Sir,” said the doctor, “unless you want to die soon!”
“Could you tell me a way to lose weight, please ”
“You must do exercise first.”
“Which exercise ”
“To move your head from side to side when you’re invited to dinner!”
26．Mr. Jenkins was often asked to dinner because ___________.
A．he liked fat and sugar B．he was ready to help others
C．he was friendly to the shopkeepers D．he was an important officer
27．It was difficult for Mr. Jenkins to do something so__________.
A．he didn’t go to dinner B．he began to do some exercise
C．he went to the doctor for help D．he had to take some medicine
28．__________, so he got fatter and fatter.
A．Mr. Jenkins often ate much fat and sugar B．Mr. Jenkins never did any sports
C．Mr. Jenkins preferred to sleep downstairs D．Mr. Jenkins hated to do some housework
29．What’s the meaning of “To move your head from side to side when you’re invited to dinner!”
A．To refuse others’ invitations.
B．To shake the head more often.
C．To do exercise like moving his head from side to side.
D．To accept others’ invitations.
30．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The doctor told Mr. Jenkins not to do too much exercise.
B．The doctor told Mr. Jenkins not to move his head.
C．The doctor told Mr. Jenkins not to eat much fat and sugar.
D．The doctor told Mr. Jenkins to put on weight.
四、短文填空
根据短文内容及所给提示填空
Do you watch livestreaming（直播） When talking about it, you might think of make-up vloggers or movie ____31____（star）. But Qin Lin, a 30-year-old farmer, turns her whole village into a livestreaming room. She calls ____32____ （she） “Linmei” on Douyin. Because she shows her real life in the countryside, she quickly has millions of fans. Her short videos show the beauty of her village and the ____33____（kind）of farmers. She helps farmers sell things through the Internet. Now, the village ____34____（develop）fast.
Many people are interested in the reason why she chose to leave the big city. In fact, she returned to the village because her grandmother was badly i____35____. She came back to take care ____36____ her grandmother. Unlike other people of her age, she learned to depend ____37____ herself instead of getting money and support from the family.
Many people make videos to make money, but Qin does that to help the villagers live a ____38____（good）life than before. In one video, the poor kids in her village were carrying heavy schoolbags to go to school. Qin said they were quite ____39____（depend）. The beautiful smiles on their faces encouraged more people to care about the village.
B____40____ of Qin’s experience, we believe more young people will return to their villages and make a difference in the future.
Let’s give a “like” to the people who spread positive（积极的）energy everywhere.
五、补全对话
选择适当的句子补全对话（有两项多余）
A: Amy, could you help me get some water
B: Sure. ____41____
A: I’m washing my clothes.
B: Oh, you have so many dirty clothes. Do you like washing clothes
A: ____42____ I think s tiring(累人的). What about you
B: I hate washing clothes, too. But I like other chores.
A: ____43____
B: I like to do the he dishes and make bed. ____44____
A: Do you like sweeping the floor
B: Yes. ____45____
A: You are a good girl.
A．No, I don’t.
B．I think it’s boring.
C．They are interesting for me.
D．How often do you do chores.
E．What chores do you like
F．I often help my mother sweep the floor.
G．What are you doing now
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】句意：孩子们！你们必须每天按时交作业。
考查短语辨析。on time准时；from time to time时不时；at a time每次；all the time一直。根据“You must hand in your homework”可知，必须每天按时交作业。故选A。
2．C
【详解】句意：——你明天会来参加聚会吗？——恐怕不行，不过还是谢谢你的邀请。
考查副词辨析。however然而；moreover并且；anyway无论如何；then那时。根据“I’m afraid I can’t, but thanks for the invitation”可知，无论如何都要表示感谢，故选C。
3．B
【详解】句意：——你们家为什么买一辆二手车？——我们买不起新的，但即使是旧的也比没有强。
考查代词。no没有；none一个也没有，没有任何东西，用于三者及以上；either两者中任何一个；neither两者都不。根据“but even an old one is better than...”可知，这里表示“旧车比没有一辆车好”，应用代词none。故选B。
4．B
【详解】句意：——这个星期我必须还书吗？ ——不，你不需要。你可以保存20天。
考查情态动词和动词辨析。must引导的一般疑问句，否定回答应使用needn’t（不必）。keep保存；borrow借（入）；lend借（出）。borrow与lend为非延续性动词，不与时间段连用，keep为延续性动词，可以与时间段连用。故选B。
5．D
【详解】句意：——Nichole，这周六和我一起去健身中心怎么样？——拜托，Nina！因为新冠疫情，所有健身中心都关闭了好几天！
考查介词辨析。since自……以后；during在……期间；in在……以内；for长达。根据“many days”可知，“for+一段时间”表示某一动作持续了多久；此处指健身房关闭了好几天。故选D。
6．A
【详解】句意：——李老师，现在每个人都在疯狂地内卷！我也想加入他们。——不行。教室里的每个学生都必须回去睡午觉。足够的睡眠是取得好成绩的必要条件！
考查介词和介词短语。for为了；to到；of……的；in order to为了。根据“Enough sleep is necessary ... good grades!”可知，充足的睡眠对于好成绩而言是必要的；be necessary for“对……有必要”。故选A。
7．C
【详解】句意：——我可以借用你的电脑吗？——对不起，我把它忘在家里了。
考查动词辨析。borrow借进，指主语借进；lend借出，指主语借出；left忘了带。根据“May I ...”表请求，可知空格1指“借用对方的电脑”，用borrow；结合“at home”可知空格2指“把电脑忘在家里”。故选C。
8．A
【详解】句意：——你介意我换个频道吗？——最好不要。我最喜欢的节目马上就要播出了。
考查情景交际。Better not最好不要；Not at all不客气；All right好吧；Of course当然。根据答语“My favourite programme is on the way.”可知，此处表示“介意对方换频道”，常用较委婉的方式加以拒绝，better not符合语境。故选A。
9．C
【详解】句意：——谁能和我去音乐会，你还是麦克？——都不能，因为我们两个都要为了数学考试学习。
考查不定代词辨析。both两者都；either两者中任何一个；neither两者都不；none没有一个。根据“because both of us will study for the math test”因为我们两个都要为了数学考试学习，可知两个都不能。故选C。
10．C
【详解】句意：——你能帮忙做家务吗？——抱歉，我不能。我正忙着准备考试。
考查情景交际。Never mind没关系；Of course not当然不；Sorry, I can’t抱歉，我不能；Yes, I can是的，我能。根据“Could you please help out with the housework”及“I’m busy studying for the test”可知，不能帮忙做家务，因此也感到抱歉，故选C。
11．B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B 16．D 17．C 18．D 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了埃米莉在妈妈的提醒下做完了家务后愉快地出去玩的故事。
11．句意：在那一天，她做完家务之后，她可以随意做她想做的事情。根据下文“she didn’t do her chores”可知，此处指做完家务之后。故选B。
12．句意：但是今天，天气是温暖而晴朗的。根据下文中的“I know you love the sunshine”可知，此处指天气是晴朗。故选A。
13．句意：埃米莉想要马上出去，所以她悄悄地走向门口。根据下文“she didn’t do her chores”可知，她因为害怕被发现没有做家务，所以应该是悄悄地走向门口。故选C。
14．句意：妈妈，埃米莉去外边了，并且她没有做家务。根据语境可知前后分句之间是并列关系，故应使用连词and。故选A。
15．句意：她说：“我知道你爱阳光，埃米莉，但是你记得责任意味着什么吗？”根据“Responsibility means doing what I should do”可知，这是在回答责任的意义是什么。故选B。
16．句意：责任意味着我应该做什么，所以我能依靠我自己长大。 take after与……相像；fix up修整；give up放弃；depend on依靠，依赖。根据语境可知，此处表示依靠自己。故选D。
17．句意：她整理好床铺，把玩具放进盒子里，把书放在书架上。make one’s bed意为“整理某人的床铺”，固定搭配。故选C。
18．句意：他捡起地上的衣服并且把它们放到了浴室里。根据“She picked up the clothes on the floor ”可知，此处应用them指代前文的clothes。故选D。
19．句意：埃米莉跑到妈妈面前说：“妈妈，我做完了我的家务了”。run to意为“跑向……”，符合语境。故选B。
20．句意：尽管埃米莉不喜欢家务，但是她很高兴能帮助妈妈。根据“Though”可知，引导让步状语从句，后句表转折。又根据句意分析。故选A。
21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．D
【导语】本文介绍作者在精神病院做支援工作时，遇到妈妈朋友的故事。
21．细节理解题。根据“At first it was a little scary to be there, but I stayed on, because I had a reason for doing this.”可知作者最初去精神病院时，觉得有点害怕。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据“I learned that because she had no family, she couldn’t leave here and go home. ”可知女人不能离开医院，因为她没有家人。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“ So I brought her to my home twice and I still remembered the happy smile on her face.”可知作者带女人回作者家两次，而不是去女人家。故选D。
24．词义推断题。根据“ I can’t see her anymore...”可知女人过世了，所以作者再也看不到她了。故选A。
25．最佳标题题。根据“I volunteered in a locked-up environment.”和全文可知本文介绍了作者的志愿经历。故选D。
26．D 27．C 28．A 29．A 30．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了一个爱好美食的官员，由于不节制的吃，最终导致了疾病，医生建议他必须减肥，杜绝大吃大喝。
26．细节理解题。根据“As an important officer, he was often asked to dinner.”可知，作为一个重要的官员，詹金斯先生经常被请去吃饭。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据“He could hardly go upstairs at home and had to sleep downstairs. He often felt tired if he walked or did some housework. He was worried about it and had to go to see a doctor.”可知，詹金斯先生做一些事情很困难，所以他去看医生寻求帮助。故选C。
28．推理判断题。根据“Stop eating much fat (脂肪) and sugar, Mr. Jenkins”可推知，詹金斯先生摄入太多脂肪和糖了，所以他变得越来越胖。故选A。
29．词句猜测题。根据“To move your head from side to side when you’re invited to dinner!”可知，医生建议詹金斯先生，在被邀请去吃饭时，他头要左右摆动，也就是要拒绝他人的邀请。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据“ ‘Stop eating much fat (脂肪) and sugar, Mr. Jenkins,’ said the doctor”可知，医生建议詹金斯先生不要摄入太多的脂肪和糖。故选C。
31．stars 32．herself 33．kindness 34．is developing 35．(i)ll 36．of 37．on##upon 38．better 39．independent 40．(B)ecause
【导语】本文主要讲述了一个叫“Qin Lin”的农民带领村里的人拍短视频挣钱的故事。
31．句意：说到它，你可能会想到化妆视频博主或电影明星。star“明星”，可数名词，由“vloggers or”可知，此处应用复数，故填stars。
32．句意：她在抖音上叫自己“Linmei”。句子主语为She，当主语和宾语是同一人称时，宾语用反身代词，设空处应用herself表示“她自己”。故填herself。
33．句意：她的短视频展示了她所在村庄的美丽和农民的善良。分析句子结构可知，在冠词the和介词of之间应用名词kindness“善良”，不可数名词。故填kindness。
34．句意：现在，这个村子发展很快。根据“Now”及语境可知设空处应用现在进行时，主语为the village，be动词用is，故填is developing。
35．句意：事实上，她回到村里是因为她的祖母病得很重。根据“She came back to take care...her grandmother.”结合首字母可知，祖母病得很重，ill“生病的”，形容词作表语。故填(i)ll。
36．句意：她回来照顾她的祖母。take care of“照顾；照料”，为固定短语，故填of。
37．句意：与其他同龄人不同，她学会了依靠自己，而不是从家里获得金钱和支持。depend on/upon“依靠；依赖”，为固定短语，故填on/upon。
38．句意：很多人拍视频是为了赚钱，但秦这样做是为了帮助村民过上比以前更好的生活。根据“than before”可知设空处应用good的比较级better，故填better。
39．句意：秦说他们都很独立。根据前文中的“In one video, the poor kids in her village were carrying heavy schoolbags to go to school.”可知，设空处表示“独立的”，在were后应用形容词independent作表语，故填independent。
40．句意：因为秦的经历，我们相信将来会有更多的年轻人回到他们的村庄，做出改变。because of 意为“因为”，为固定短语，符合语境，且设空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填(B)ecause。
41．G 42．A 43．E 44．C 45．F
【导语】本文是两人讨论做家务的对话。
41．根据“I’m washing my clothes.”可知，此处应询问“你现在在做什么”。选项G“你现在在做什么”符合情景，故选G。
42．根据“Do you like washing clothes ”可知此处为do引导的一般疑问句，选项A“不，我不喜欢”符合情景，故选A。
43．根据“I like to do the he dishes and make bed. ”可知此处是指“做家务”，应询问喜欢做什么家务，选项E“你喜欢做什么家务”符合情景，故选E。
44．根据“I like to do the he dishes and make bed.”可知此处进一步说明喜欢做家务的原因，选项C“它们对我来说很有趣”符合情景，故选C。
45．根据“Do you like sweeping the floor ”和“Yes.”可知此处为肯定回答，选项F“我经常帮我妈妈扫地”符合情景，故选F。
词汇回顾++
考点精讲
can 的过去式
礼貌地请求
提出建议
推测
could
强化训练
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