2023年浙江省杭州余杭区九年级下学期开学考阅读理解词汇写作拓展练习（含答案）

2023年浙江省余杭区九年级第二学期开学考阅读理解词汇写作拓展练习
一、阅读理解（2023年余杭区九年级第二学期开学考阅读理解D篇）
Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws (吸管) and bags. More and more businesses are changing to paper products. Using paper is considered to be better than plastic. However, it is harmful to the environment, too.
Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees. Trees, as you know, are good for the environment. They can slow down climate change. An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation (毁林).
Secondly, the production of paper things requires more energy and water. About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water. This seems to be a good idea. However, it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process (过程) than to make a new paper bag. Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.
Furthermore, paper products are heavier than plastic ones. That means they require more fuel to transport. Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags. The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.
Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses. They are more expensive than plastic products. A paper straw costs about 5 to 12 cents, while a plastic one usually costs only about 2 cents.
The most environment-friendly way is to avoid single-use things altogether. Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. By increasing the use of these items, you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place!
27. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. using plastic straws B. using plastic bags. C. using paper products. D. using single-use things.
28. What does the writer think of the recycled paper
A. It saves energy and water. B. It seems not to be a good idea.
C. It is better than single-use paper. D. It's easy to make by recycling process.
29. What is the writer's main purpose of writing this passage
A. To introduce the disadvantages of paper products.
B. To call on using products in an environment-friendly way.
C. To compare paper products with plastic products.
D. To explain why paper products are bad for the environment
30. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage (P=Paragraph)
二、阅读语篇短语词汇补充
push for an end to sth ________________ be considered to be __________________
be harmful to ________________ go through________________
a larger amount of________________ lead to________________
compare...with...________________ the disadvantages of________________
main purpose of________________ single-use thing________________
call on________________
三、要点讲解
【要点1】
end n. 最后部分；结局；末端；终点；残余；破灭；方面；目的；辞世
v. （使）结束；以…方式结束；终止于
常用搭配：at the end of在…结尾，在…末端 by the end of 到…为止in the end 最后，结果；竟；卒；终
end up 1（通常指意外地）最终到达 2最终；结果；到头来
end up with 以…结束
同根词 endless adj. 无止境的；无穷尽的；永久的；环状的
ending n. （故事等）结尾；结束；词尾
【要点2】
consider v. 考虑;认为;觉得;以为;(尤指为作出决定而)仔细考虑;细想;体谅;顾及;端详
常用搭配：consider...as... 认为;认为是;把…看作
be considered to be 被认为是……
同根词：considerable adj. 相当大的;相当多(或重要等)的;值得注意的，著名的;值得尊敬的
【要点3】
harm n. 伤害;损害 vt. 伤害;损害
同根词：harmful adj. 有害的
harmless adj. 无害的，不致伤的；没有受到损失或免于法律责任的
常用搭配：be harmful to
【要点4】
a large amount of 大量 (修饰不可数名词)
【要点5】
disadvantage n. 缺点;不利因素;障碍;不便之处
反义词：advantage n. 有利条件；优势；优点，好处 v. 有利于；有助于；使处于有利地位
【要点6】
purpose n. 意图;目的;用途;目标;情势的需要;重要意义;有价值的意义;意志
vt. 有意;打算;企图（做）;决意（做）
常用搭配：with the purpose of... 以…为目的 on purpose 故意；有意地
四、要点练习
1.The p__________ of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.
2.Pollution is just one of the d____________ of living in the town.
3.Fruit juices can be h___________ to children's teeth.
4.We c__________ this agreement to be an important step forward.
5.He saved up an enormous a__________ of money for his daughter.
6.The results of the research are summarized at the e__________of the chapter.
7.Fundamental educational reform this time focuses on all students________the purpose of the development of every student.
8.In Britain today we tend to consider old age_________a social problem
9._________the end of the holiday I had spent all my money
10.Failure to adapt can be harmful_________the academic and career development of international students.
五、语法篇拓展练习
1.Paper bags and straws are made_________trees. Trees, as you know, are good________the environment. They can slow down climate change. An increase__________the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation (毁林).
2.________decreasing the use of single-use items, you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place!
3.The _________(product) of paper things requires more energy and water.
4.About 10 percent more energy and four times as much water _________(use) to produce a paper bag than a plastic one. 5.You might say that we can use recycled paper_________(save) that energy and water.
6.It takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process_________to make a new paper bag.
7.Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags, ________only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags.
8.Products________glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again. They are much better than either paper products or plastic products.
六、拓展写作练习
1.写日记被认为是提高自己写作能力的一个好方法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.一个真正的朋友知道你正在经历什么，并帮助你解决麻烦。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.我们需要完成比以前更多的家庭作业，这给我们带来了巨大的压力。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.我们可以通过避免使用一次性使用的东西来为保护我们的环境做贡献。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.在电脑游戏上花费太多的时间和精力对我们的心理健康都有害。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.这种庆祝活动的主要目的是为了纪念我们的祖先。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、CBBA
二、
push for an end to sth 推动结束某事
be considered to be 被认为是
be harmful to 对…有害;对…有危害;对……是有害的
go through 经过某过程;经历，经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）
a larger amount of 更大量的
lead to 导致
compare...with...比较...与...
the disadvantages of …的不利条件
main purpose of…的主要目的
single-use thing一次性物品
call on（短暂地）访问；要求（某人讲话等
四、1.purpose; 2.disadvantages; 3.harmful; 4.considered; 5.amount; 6.end; 7.with; 8.as; 9.By; 10.to;
五、1.from; for; in; 2.By; 3.production; 4.is used; 5.to save; 6.than; 7.while/and; 8.like;
六、
1.Keeping a diary is considered to be a good way to improve one’s writing skills.
2.A real friend knows what you are going through, and helps you out the trouble.
3.We need to finish a larger amount of homework than before which bring a huge pressure to us.
4.We can contribute to protecting our environment by avoiding using single-use things.
5.Spending too much time and energy on computer games is harmful to both our psychical and mental health.
6.The main purpose of this kind of celebrations is in honour of our ancestors.