河南省伊川县重点高中2022-2023学年高三下学期入学测试英语试题

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河南省伊川县重点高中2022-2023学年高三下学期入学测试英语试题
一、英法联军（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The skies over Latin America's largest city are set to witness a futuristic aerospace revolution after the Brazilian airline Gol reached an agreement that could see it transport regular passengers around Sao Paulo in hundreds of low-cost zero-emission electric air taxis.
Domhnal Slattery, chief executive of the Dublin-based firm Avolon, which will provide the aircraft to Gol and recently placed an order for 500 of the aircraft from their British manufacturer, admitted helicopters were the "kingdom of the wealthiest".
But the Avolon boss claimed the introduction of VA-X4 eVTOLs(垂直的) electric vertical takeoff and landing)aircraft to Sao Paulo would be a gamechanger for regular passengers once the taxis, which look like a futuristic cross between a helicopter and a glider, were delivered in late 2024 or 2025.
"Our basic estimate(估计) at the moment is that the operating cost here for this aircraft will be equal to $I per passenger over a 25-mile trip, "Slattery told the Financial Times. "Which is almost equal to an Uber ride. "
Few cities are crying out for such a revolution more than Sao Paulo, a sprawling metropolis with more than 12 million citizens and choked by a fleet of 8. 6m vehicles.
In the late 1990s, the congestion(拥塞) became so bad in what is now the world's fifth biggest city after Tokyo, Delhi, Seoul and Shanghai that authorities were forced to introduce a number plate rotation(循环) system for vehicles.
Stephen Fitzpatrick, the head of the British aerospace manufacturer that produces the aircraft, Vertical Aerospace, said the flying taxis would be ideal for Brazil's biggest city and will "transform how we travel around high population density cities that are crowded with traffic".
The Bristol-based Vertical Aerospace was founded in 2016 and promises to pioneer "a new era in vertical transport".
"We'll be looking to Asia after Sao Paulo," Avolon's chief commercial officer, Paul Geaney, told Reuters.
1．What did Domhnal Slattery think of helicopters
A．They could be afforded by all.
B．They could be mostly used by the rich.
C．They provided convenience for travellers.
D．They showed the owners' social status.
2．What is the advantage of electric air taxis
A．Eco-friendliness. B．Traditional design.
C．Zero noise. D．Free delivery.
3．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
A．The flying taxis will be ideal for Brazil's biggest city.
B．More cities are eager for electric air taxis than Sao Paulo.
C．The Avolon will enter the Asian transportation market soon.
D．Travelling by VA-X4 eVTOLs can be more convenient but more expensive than by Uber.
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old
nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his
passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried
to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. "In the
beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house," says Doogue. "When
I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors
and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that's when I started
photography. "
Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through
a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the
lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress.
And his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against
brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. "I ended up as
one of their featured photographers," recalled Doogue. "It was the peak
of my career. It was incredible. "
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale,
West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic
of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help
others to cope with their mental health issues as well. "I think the problem
is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure
on young males to be fine all the time," says Doogue. "This is why I try
and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don't
think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can
lose yourself in a spider making its web. "
4．What does the underlined phrase "hit rock bottom" in paragraph 1 mean
A．Be in the worst possible situation.
B．Reach the bottom of a valley.
C．Crash into the lowest part of a rock.
D．Launch an attack on the rock bottom.
5．How did photography benefit Doogue
A．It gave him a new way to express himself.
B．It helped him to escape from pressure.
C．It provided him with life-saving skills.
D．It offered him an opportunity to explore nature.
6．What caused Scottish men to develop mental health problems
A．The way men employ to solve problems.
B．The lack of love for men's life and work.
C．The worry that men get separated from people.
D．The belief that men are expected to be strong.
7．What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text
A．To warn the severity of mental problems.
B．To show the benefits of nature photography.
C．To advise readers to get close to nature.
D．To introduce Doogue's fighting against depression.
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry and failed attempts to use technology have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
8．What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A．Monitor the quality of grass. B．Cure the diseased cattle.
C．Move cattle to another field. D．Predict weather changes.
9．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A．He wants to help them earn a living.
B．He thinks men can do the job better.
C．He is inexperienced in using robots.
D．He enjoys the traditional way of life.
10．How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A．Increase the value of cattle. B．Bring down the cost of labor.
C．Make the job more appealing. D．Keep cattle from being stolen.
11．What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A．Soil pollution. B．Lack of workers.
C．Aging machines. D．Low profitability.
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a way of editing genes(基因), which offers the promise of one day curing inherited(遗传的) diseases. Working on opposite sides of the Atlantic, French woman Emmanuelle Charpentier and American Jennifer A. Doudna came up with a method known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to change the DNA of animals and plants.
It was the first time two women had won the chemistry Nobel together—adding to the small number of female winners in the sciences, where women have long received less recognition for their work than men. The scientists' work allows researchers to precisely edit specific genes to remove errors that lead to disease.
"There is great power in this genetic tool, which affects us all," said Claes Gustafsson, chair of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, "It has not only made huge progress in basic science, but also led to advances in new medical treatments. "
Charpentier, 53, spoke of the shock of winning. "Strangely enough I was told a number of times that I'd win, but when it happens you're very surprised. And I wish that this will provide a positive message to young girls who would like to follow the path of science. "
Doudna told The Associated Press, "I actually just found out I'm in shock. And my greatest hope is that it's used for good, to uncover new mysteries in biology and to benefit humankind. "
The Broad Institute at Harvard and MIT have been in a long court fight over patents(专利) on CRISPR technology, and many other scientists did important work on it, but Doudna and Charpentier have been most consistently(一致地) honored with prizes for turning it into an easily usable tool.
12．What do we know about the two scientists from the first two paragraphs
A．They both work in America.
B．They work harder than other females.
C．They provide a new way to edit genes.
D．They are the first women to win the Nobel Prize.
13．What is Claes Gustafsson's attitude towards the genetic tool
A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Dissatisfied. D．Doubtful.
14．What did Charpentier and Doudna think of their winning the prize
A．They didn't deserve the honor.
B．They thought it good for them.
C．They were both surprised at it.
D．They would be examples to young girls.
15．What is the text mainly about
A．Two Nobel Prize winners surprise the world.
B．Female scientists do better than male scientists.
C．There is research for developing a way of editing genes.
D．Two scientists win the Nobel Prize for gene-editing discovery.
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
"Learn from failure. " This article is to make you understand some key points about learning from failure. 　16． 　 Or, if you are new to this thing called "failure", then it will serve as a beginning to better success. Here are some tips for learning from failure:
·Take the risk and pay the price.
　17． 　 Think about the entrepreneurs(企业家), scientists, leaders, and businesses that took the path less trodden(踩踏的) and how they were rewarded handsomely. If you pay the price with the risk you take, the returns may surprise you. "But, what if I fail " you ask. 　18． 　
No one is perfect, so failure is absolutely acceptable. The proverb that we learn from failure is true. The lessons are there for you to understand and do better next time.
·Realize experience is the best teacher.
People say experience is the best teacher. If you accept that to be true then you need to accept failure as one of the many lessons you gain from experience. It's that simple. 　19． 　
·Allow yourself the freedom to fail.
　20． 　 If you are safe all the time, then you are not giving yourself the opportunity to learn from failure. Give yourself the freedom to fail and see how the lessons of success open up for you.
A. Know it's okay to fail.
B. Nothing ventured(冒险), nothing gained.
C. Let the fear of failure help you succeed.
D. Think about failures as lessons in the journey of life.
E. Ready to learn from failure so you can find career success.
F. When you are too cautious, you do not allow yourself to take any risks.
G. Lessons you probably are very familiar with but need reminders about.
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Growing up, I always heard people say work hard pays; that working
hard is a virtue. I never really understood the 21． of these words until I reached
the age where my parents 22． giving
me my monthly allowance and asked me to 23． a job.
New Year is a season of good news either for merrymakers or for business.
My childhood friend was one of the 24． . Although we grew up together, Mike and I were two sides of the same
coin. Therefore, while I 25． the
festive season as another time of the year when people overindulge (放任),he saw it as a 26． time to make money. 27． , I needed this side of him, considering my present 28． .
Mike was not of the "work hard pays" school of thought,but
the "work smart" school of thought. When I 29． him about my difficulty, he saw
a business 30． . He told me about his business idea — making
New Year presents and 31． them
on credit. Of course, he 32． my
disbelief and lack of 33． in
his idea. At this point, he told me he had 34． and realized that only one shop
sold New Year presents, and the price was very 35． . To make the story short, we made our New Year presents and hit the
road 36． .
News about our New Year presents 37． like wildfire. Within three days,we
had sold about 20 New Year presents, and as they say, the rest is history.
My parents' 38． to
stop my monthly allowance served to teach me the 39． of work. However, it was my business
adventure with Mike that taught me that working smart is 40． than working hard.
21．A．explanation B．meaning C．secret D．trick
22．A．enjoyed B．allowed C．considered D．stopped
23．A．look for B．take over C．turn down D．agree to
24．A．latter B．former C．first D．last
25．A．doubted B．guessed C．saw D．knew
26．A．usual B．fixed C．perfect D．prepared
27．A．Strangely B．Interestingly C．Finally D．Traditionally
28．A．difficulty B．fortune C．happiness D．chance
29．A．argued B．quarreled C．told D．wrote
30．A．expert B．newcomer C．competitor D．partner
31．A．renting B．exchanging C．selling D．purchasing
32．A．noticed B．removed C．lost D．understood
33．A．courage B．relief C．spirit D．enthusiasm
34．A．dreamed B．researched C．accepted D．answered
35．A．low B．high C．reasonable D．fair
36．A．running B．resting C．falling D．building
37．A．wandered B．spread C．burnt D．disappeared
38．A．expectation B．contribution C．determination D．decision
39．A．strength B．energy C．value D．sort
40．A．bigger B．more C．louder D．better
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese people take tree planting 　41． 　(serious). President Xi Jinping 　42． 　 (join) local residents for tree planting in the capital's suburbs in March this year—his 10th successive 　43． 　 (present) at the annual activity since he became China's top leader. Xi said that by joining other volunteers to plant trees, he wants to make his contribution to building 　44． 　 green and beautiful China, and encourage society, especially the youth, 　45． 　 (promote) ecological advancement.
When the People's Republic of China 　46． 　 (found) in 1949, forests covered only 8. 6 percent of the country's land area. The constant use of wood for cooking and heating had denuded(使变光秃) forests and reduced the green cover, 　47． 　(result) in environmental deterioration and desertification. It was under such circumstances that China launched national tree-planting campaign to build forest belts. Thanks to nationwide efforts, last year, it was reported that forest cover has increased to 23 percent of the country's land territory, 　48． 　 spread over 220 million hectares.
As a leader who in his youth toiled(辛苦工作) 　49． 　 a farmer on the almost barren(贫瘠的) Loess Plateau for seven years, Xi knows better than many 　50． 　 forests mean to a nation. The concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" has become a motto for China's future development.
五、短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51．（2023高三下·伊川开学考）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2）只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Nowadays, have sports is becoming more and more popular. As we know, a person who keeps on taking exercise regular will keep fit and live happy life.
My favorite sport is playing basketball. After school I usually spent half an hour on it, that not only builds up my body but also makes me refreshed. Playing basketball help me relax after a period of tired study and improves my study efficiency. Besides, because playing basketball needs cooperation, so I have learned the spirit of teamwork. It is also a good way for me to make new friend. In a word, playing basketball enriches my life and makes me more confidence.
Come on! Let's do sports together and enjoy a healthy life.
六、书面表达（满分25分）
52．（2023高三下·伊川开学考）假定你是学校英语杂志社记者，上周你校开展了给贫困地区学生捐赠"爱心包裹"的活动。请写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：
1）活动时间与地点；
2）活动过程；
3）活动意义。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Loving Parcels for Students in Need
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了交通改善问题，相关公司估计未来会有更为低廉的交通出行方式，可以改善高密度城市人口交通堵塞问题，以及未来会向亚洲市场进军。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查推理判断。 根据第二段"Domhnal Slattery, chief executive of the Dublin-based firm Avolon, which will provide the aircraft to Gol and recently placed an order for 500 of the aircraft from their British manufacturer, ad mitted helicopters were the 'kingdom of the wealthiest' . ”总部位于都柏林的Avolon公司将为Gol提供这款飞机，最近该公司从英国制造商那里订购了500架，该公司首席执行官Domhnal Slattery承认，直升机是“最富有的人的王国”。可知，多姆纳尔·斯莱特里认为它们可能主要被富人使用。故选B。
2．考查细节理解。 根据第一段中的"after the Brazilian airline Gol reached an agreement that could see it transport regular passengers around Sao Paulo in hundreds of low-cost zero-emission electric air taxis. ”在巴西航空公司Gol达成协议后， 该公司将使用数百辆低成本零排放电动空中出租车在圣保罗附近运送普通乘客。可推断，电动空中出租车具有成本低、无排放的优势，因此，选项中的"Echo-friendliness"与"low-cost zero-emission electric air taxis"原文一致， 符合题意。故选A。
3．考查推理判断。 根据最后一段中的" 'We'll be looking to Asia after Sao Paulo. ' Avolon's chief commercial officer, Paul Geaney, told Reuters. ”Avolon首席商务官Paul Geaney对路透表示：“在Sao Paulo. 之后，我们将把目光投向亚洲。"可知，在未来Avolon公司可能会进入亚洲市场。故选C。
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了自然摄影师Matt Doogue通过拍摄挽救了抑郁的自己，并通过分享他的作品和经历，鼓励和帮助更多患有心理健康疾病的人。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
4．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"‘In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house,’ says Doogue. ‘When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that's when I started photography. ’""一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。"可知，划线词所在句子意思是：他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。可推知，"hit rock bottom"表示"处于最坏的情况"。故选A。
5．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. ”它有镇静作用，帮助他从压力中解脱出来；他的这些惊人的照片，在色彩鲜艳的背景下，以惊人的细节展示了昆虫和蜘蛛，引起了《国家地理》杂志出版商的注意。可知，Doogue通过自然摄影，帮助自己摆脱压力。故选B。
6．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. ‘I think the problem is this man-up approach； the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,’ says Doogue. ”尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。"我认为问题在于这种男性化的方式；男性需要强壮的观念给年轻男性施加了很大的压力，让他们一直保持健康，"道格说。可推断，男人被期待变强大和坚强的想法给苏格兰的年轻男性很大压力，导致他们患有心理健康疾病。故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. ‘In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house, 'says Doogue.‘When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that's when I started photography. ’"34岁的马特·道格是一名自然摄影师，当他第一次发现自己对拍摄昆虫的热情时，他一直患有抑郁症，他的作品现在已经登上了《国家地理》杂志。他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。"一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。"；以及第三段中的"Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. ”尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是：介绍Doogue抵抗抑郁症的经历，并希望通过分享他的经历帮助更多有心理健康疾病的人。故选D。
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．B
11．B
【知识点】细节理解题；科普环保类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
8．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的" An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage. ”澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临芳动力短缺的问题。可知，畜牧产业面临芳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的" The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass.”通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。可知， Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的" But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry- and failed attempts to use technology- have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.”但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验以及使用技术的失败尝试使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。可知，皮特邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.”俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选B。
【答案】12．C
13．A
14．C
15．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了两名女性科学家因开发出一种编辑基因的方法而获得诺贝尔化学奖，及她们对于获得诺贝尔化学奖的感受。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a way of editing genes"两名科学家因开发出一种编辑基因的方法而获得诺贝尔化学奖。可知她们提出了一种新的基因编辑的方法，故选C。
13．考查推理判断。根据第三段"There is great power in this genetic tool, which affects us all. It has not only made huge progress in basic science, but also led to advances in new medical treatments. "这种基因工具蕴含着巨大的力量，它影响着我们所有人。它不仅在基础科学方面取得了巨大的进步，还引领了新的医学治疗方法的进步。可推断Claes Gustafsson对于这个基因工具是一种支持的态度。故选A。
14．考查细节理解。 根据第四段中的"Strangely enough I was told a number of times that I'd win, but when it happens you're very surprised"奇怪的是，很多次我都被告知我会赢，但当它真的发生时，你会非常惊讶；以及第五段中的" I actually just found out I'm in shock"我刚刚才发现自己很震惊。可知，两位科学家在得知自己获奖时都是非常惊讶的状态。故选C。
15．考查主旨大意。 根据第一段中的"Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a way of editing genes(基因),which offers the promise of one day curing inherited(遗传的)diseases. "两名科学家因开发出一种编辑基因的方法而获得诺贝尔化学奖，这种方法有望在未来治愈遗传疾病；结合文章内容，后文提到基因编辑工具对医学治疗方面的影响等方面，可判断，文章讲述了两位科学家因基因编辑方法而获得诺贝尔奖的故事。故选D。
【答案】16．C；17．B；18．A；19．D；20．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何从失败中学习。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“This article is to make you understand some key points about learning from failure.”(本文旨在让您了解从失败中学习的一些要点。可知，此处说的是让您了解从失败中学习的一些要点。C. Let the fear of failure help you succeed. “让对失败的恐惧帮助你成功。”符合语境。故选C。
17．根据空前“Take the risk and pay the price.”承担风险并付出代价。可知，此处说的是承担风险并付出代价。B. Nothing ventured(冒险), nothing gained. “没有冒险，就没有收获。”符合语境。故选B。
18．根据空后“No one is perfect, so failure is absolutely acceptable.”没有人是完美的,所以失败是绝对可以接受的。可知，此处说的是失败是绝对可以接受的。A. Know it's okay to fail.“知道失败是可以的。”符合语境。故选A。
19．根据空前“If you accept that to be true then you need to accept failure as one of the many lessons you gain from experience.”如果你承认这是真的，那么你需要接受失败，将其作为你从经验中获得的众多教训之一。可知，此处说的是失败是一种教训。D. Think about failures as lessons in the journey of life. “把失败看作人生旅途中的教训。”符合语境。故选D。
20．根据空前“If you are safe all the time, then you are not giving yourself the opportunity to learn from failure.”如果你一直都很安全，那么你就没有机会从失败中学习。可知此处说的是不要害怕失败。E. Ready to learn from failure so you can find career success.“准备好从失败中学习，这样你才能找到事业. 上的成功。”符合语境。故选E。
【答案】21．B；22．D；23．A；24．A；25．C；26．C；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．D；31．C；32．A；33．D；34．B；35．B；36．A；37．B；38．D；39．C；40．D
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和朋友的商业之旅，让作者明白聪明地工作比努力工作更好。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：直到我到了父母不再给我每月津贴并要求我找工作的年龄，我才真正理解这些词的含义。A：explanation“解释”；B：meaning“意思，意义”；C：secret“秘密”；D：trick “诡计”。根据上文“Growing up, I always heard people say work hard pays; that working hard is a virtue.”在成长过程中，我总是听到人们说努力工作会有回报；努力工作是一种美德。可知，作者以前不明白人们常说的这些话的真正意义，故选B。
22．句意：直到我到了父母不再给我每月津贴并要求我找工作的年龄，我才真正理解这些词的含义。A：enjoyed“享受”；B：allowed“允许”；C：considered“考虑，认为”；D：stopped“停止”。 根据下文“ My parents' 18 to stop my monthly allowance served to teach me the 19 of work. ”我父母决定停止我每月的津贴，这让我明白了工作的价值。可知，是父母亲停止给作者零花钱,并让作者找一份工作，故选D。
23．句意：直到我到了父母不再给我每月津贴并要求我找工作的年龄，我才真正理解这些词的含义。A：look for“寻找”；B：take over“接管”；C：turn down“拒绝”；D：agree to “同意”。根据下文“ My parents' 18 to stop my monthly allowance served to teach me the 19 of work. ”我父母决定停止我每月的津贴，这让我明白了工作的价值。说明此处指找工作，故选A。
24．句意：我儿时的朋友就是后者之一。A：latter“后者”；B：former“前者”；C：first“首先”；D：last“最后”。 根据下文“ he saw it as a 6 time to make money. ”但他认为这是一个赚钱的绝佳时机。说明新年是喜讯的季节，无论是对欢乐的制造者还是对商业来说，他选择了后者，故选A。
25．句意：因此，虽然我认为节日是一年中另一个人们过度放纵的时候，但他认为这是一个赚钱的绝佳时机。A：doubted“怀疑”；B：guessed“猜想”；C：saw“看见”；D：knew“知道”。根据空后“ he saw it as a 6 time to make money. ”但他认为这是一个赚钱的绝佳时机。可知，此处指作者把节日看作是人们放任寻乐的好时机,而作者的朋友却看作是赚钱的良机。see...as...固定短语，“把......看作......”，故选C。
26．句意：因此，虽然我认为节日是一年中另一个人们过度放纵的时候，但他认为这是一个赚钱的绝佳时机。A：usual“通常的”；B：fixed“固定的”；C：perfect“完美的”；D：prepared “准备好的”。根据语境可知，此处指这是一个赚钱的绝佳时机，故选C。
27．句意：有趣的是，考虑到我目前的困难，我需要他的这一面。A：Strangely“奇怪地”；B：Interestingly“有趣地”；C：Finally“最后”；D：Traditionally “传统地”。作者和朋友是不同的两类人，但现在需要朋友的这种视野来帮助自己度过难关，因此觉得很有意思，故选A。
28．句意：有趣的是，考虑到我目前的困难，我需要他的这一面。A：difficulty“困难”；B：fortune“运气”；C：happiness“高兴，幸福”；D：chance “机会”。根据下文“When I 9 him about my difficulty, he saw a business 10 . ”当我告诉他我的困难时，他看到了一个商业伙伴。说明作者把自己的困境告诉了朋友，故选A。
29．句意：当我告诉他我的困难时，他看到了一个商业伙伴。A：argued“争论”；B：quarreled“争吵”；C：told“告诉”；D：wrote “写”。根据语境可知，作者把自己的困境告诉了朋友，故选C。
30．句意：当我告诉他我的困难时，他看到了一个商业伙伴。A：expert“专家”；B：newcomer“新手”；C：competitor“竞争者”；D：partner “合作者”。根据下文“To make the story short, we made our New Year presents and hit the road 16 .”为了使故事简短，我们制作了新年礼物并开始了跑步。可知作者和朋友一起去卖新年礼物,可推知朋友把作者当成了合作伙伴，故选D。
31．句意：他告诉我他的商业想法——制作新年礼物并赊销。A：renting“租”；B：exchanging“交换”；C：selling“卖”；D：purchasing “购买”。根据下文“Within three days,we had sold about 20 New Year presents, and as they say, the rest is history.”三天之内，我们售出了大约20份新年礼物，正如他们所说，剩下的都是历史。可知，他们是在卖新年礼物，故选C。
32．句意：当然，他注意到我的怀疑和对他的想法缺乏热情。A：noticed“注意到”；B：removed“移除”；C：lost“丢失”；D：understood“理解”。 根据下文“At this point, he told me he had 14 and realized that only one shop sold New Year presents, and the price was very 15 ”在这一点上，他告诉我，他已经研究并意识到只有一家商店出售新年礼物，而且价格很高。说明朋友提出这个想法的时候，也注意到了作者的质疑和缺乏激情，故选A。
33．句意：当然，他注意到我的怀疑和对他的想法缺乏热情。A：courage“勇气”；B：relief“减轻”；C：spirit“精神”；D：enthusiasm “热情”。根据下文“At this point, he told me he had 14 and realized that only one shop sold New Year presents, and the price was very 15 ”在这一点上，他告诉我，他已经研究并意识到只有一家商店出售新年礼物，而且价格很高。说明朋友提出这个想法的时候，也注意到了作者的质疑和缺乏激情，故选D。
34．句意：在这一点上，他告诉我，他已经研究并意识到只有一家商店出售新年礼物，而且价格很高。A：dreamed“梦想”；B：researched“调查”；C：accepted“接受”；D：answered“回答”。根据空后“realized that only one shop sold New Year presents, and the price was very 15 .”可知，关于这个问题。作者的朋友说已经做过研究，只有一家商店卖新年礼物，而且价格较高，故选B。
35．句意：在这一点上，他告诉我，他已经研究并意识到只有一家商店出售新年礼物，而且价格很高。A：low“低的”；B：high“高的”；C：reasonable“合理的”；D：fair “公平的”。根据空前“ only one shop sold New Year presents ”可知，发现只有一家商店卖新年礼物，说明价格很高，故选B。
36．句意：长话短说，我们制作了新年礼物并开始了跑步。A：running“使.....运行”；B：resting“休息”；C：falling“落下”；D：building “建造”。根据语境可知，作者和朋友做好礼物就行动了，故选A。
37．句意：关于我们新年礼物的消息不胫而走。A：wandered“徘徊”；B：spread“传播”；C：burnt“燃烧”；D：disappeared“消失”。根据下文“Within three days,we had sold about 20 New Year presents, and as they say, the rest is history.”三天之内，我们售出了大约20份新年礼物，正如他们所说，剩下的都是历史。说明卖礼物的消息像野火一样传播的很快，故选B。
38．句意：我父母决定停止我每月的津贴，这让我明白了工作的价值。A：expectation“期望”；B：contribution“贡献”；C：determination“决心”；D：decision“决定”。根据语境可知， 正是父母亲的决定才让作者有机会明白工作的价值，故选D。
39．句意：我父母决定停止我每月的津贴，这让我明白了工作的价值。A：strength“力量”；B：energy“精力”；C：value“价值”；D：sort“种类”。根据语境可知， 正是父母亲的决定才让作者有机会明白工作的价值，故选C。
40．句意：然而，正是我与迈克的商业冒险让我认识到，聪明工作比努力工作更好。A：bigger“更大的”；B：more“更多的”；C：louder“更大声的”；D：better “更好的”。根据语境可知，正是这次和朋友的商业之旅,让作者明白聪明地工作比努力工作更好，故选D。
【答案】41．seriously；42．joined；43．presence；44．a；45．to promote；46．was founded；47．resulting；48．and；49．as；50．what
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了习近平主席参加首都义务植树，为建设美丽中国出一份力。文章回顾了新中国成立时的生态环境，以及新中国以来所取得的成就。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及副词，时态，名词，冠词，非谓语动词，时态语态，连词，介词，宾语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：中国人很重视植树。take...seriously固定短语，"认真对待"，故填seriously。
42．句意：事实上，习近平主席今年3月加入了当地居民在首都郊区的植树活动，这是他成为中国最高领导人以来连续第10次参加这个年度活动。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in March this year可知应用一般过去时，故填joined。
43．句意：事实上，习近平主席今年3月加入了当地居民在首都郊区的植树活动，这是他成为中国最高领导人以来连续第10次参加这个年度活动。根据空前的"his 10th successive"可知设空处应为名词，所给词present的名词presence意为"出席，在场"符合句意，presence意为"出席，在场"时为不可数名词， 故填presence。
44．句意：习近平主席说，通过和其他志愿者一起植树，他想为建设一个绿色美丽的中国做出自己的贡献，并鼓励社会，特别是年轻人，促进生态发展。根据句意可知此处指"一个绿色美丽的中国"，表泛指，所以用不定冠词，空后为"green"，起始音为辅音，故填a。
45．句意：习近平主席说，通过和其他志愿者一起植树, 他想为建设一个绿色美丽的中国做出自己的贡献，并鼓励社会，特别是年轻人，促进生态发展。encourage sb to do sth固定短语，"鼓励某人做某事"，不定式作宾语补足语，故填to promote。
46．句意： 1949年中华人民共和国成立时，森林仅占国土面积的8. 6%。此处是谓语动词，从句的主语the People's Republic of China与found是被动关系，根据时间状语in 1949可知此从句为一般过去时，故填was founded。
47．句意：持续使用木材做饭和取暖已经造成森林退化，绿色植被减少，导致环境恶化和荒漠化。_____(result) in environmental deterioration and desertification"在句中作结果状语，"持续使用木材做饭和取暖已经造成森林退化，绿色植被减少，与result in之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词，故填resulting。
48．句意：据报道，由于全国范围的努力，去年森林覆盖率已增加到国土面积的23%，覆盖面积超过2. 2亿公顷。设空处连接谓语动词increased和spread,两者为并列关系，故填and。
49．句意：作为一位年轻时曾在贫瘠的黄土高原上当了七年农民的领导人，习近平比许多人都更清楚森林对一个国家意味着什么。介词as意为"作为，以……身份"符合句意，故填as。
50．句意：作为一位年轻时曾在贫瘠的黄土高原上当了七年农民的领导人，习近平比许多人都更清楚森林对一个国家意味着什么。_____ forests mean to a nation作knows的宾语从句，设空处在从句中作mean的宾语，表示"意味着什么"，故填what。
51．【答案】①have→having ②regular→regularly③happy前加a④spent→spend⑤that→which⑥help→helps⑦tired→tiring⑧去掉so⑨friend→friends⑩confidence→confident
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，现在，体育运动越来越流行，一个经常锻炼的人会保持健康，过上幸福的生活。作者叙述了自己因为喜欢打篮球，丰富了生活，也让自己更有信心。
（1）句意：如今，体育运动越来越流行。本句谓语动词为is becoming，is前面为主语， 应用动名词，表示一般性、经常性动作，故have政为having。
（2）句意：正如我们所知，一个经常锻炼的人会保持健康，过上幸福的生活。修饰taking应用副词，故regular改为regularly。
（3）句意：正如我们所知，一个经常锻炼的人会保持健康，过上幸福的生活。live a happy life固定短语，"过快乐的生活"，故在live后加a。
（4）句意：放学后，我通常会花半个小时来锻炼，这不仅锻炼了我的身体，还让我精神焕发。此处用一般现在时表述习惯性的动作，故填 spent 改为 spend。
（5）句意：放学后我通常花半小时的时间打篮球， 这不仅能增强我的体格，而且使我精神焕发。 逗号后面的句子修饰逗号前提到的那件事，为非限制性定语从句，不能用that引导，故that改为which。
（6）句意：打篮球有助于我在一段时间的疲劳学习后放松身心，提高学习效率。主语为Playing basketball，为单数概念，且根据全文时态可知，此处时态为一般现在时，故help改为helps。
（7）句意：打篮球有助于我在一段时间的疲劳学习后放松身心，提高学习效率。修饰名词study，表示"令人疲惫的"，应用-ing形式的形容词，故tired改为tiring。
（8）句意：此外，因为打篮球需要合作，所以我学会了团队合作的精神。because表示原因，so表示结果，二者不可同时出现在一个句子中。故删除so。
（9）句意：这也是我结交新朋友的好方法。根据语境可知"交新朋友"不止一个，且"交朋友"的固定表达为make friends。故friend改为friends。
（10）句意：总之，打篮球丰富了我的生活，让我更有信心。make sb +adj. 为固定结构，"使某人……"，此处应用形容词作宾语补足语。故confidence改为 confident。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，副词，冠词，时态，定语从句，时态，主谓一致，形容词，连词以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
52．【答案】Loving Parcels for Students in Need
In order to help the students in the poverty-stricken areas, a "Loving Parcels" donation activity was successfully held in our school hall last week.
All of the teachers and students took an active part in the activity. They donated their clothes, books and schoolbags to the students in need. In addition, they also wrote down the best wishes on cards, which would be collected and delivered to the schools in the poor areas.
Not only did the activity help us express our care for the students and send our sincere wishes to them but it also taught us that we should value what we have.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以学校英语杂志社记者的身份写一篇新闻报道 。写作背景： 上周你校开展了给贫困地区学生捐赠"爱心包裹"的活动。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）活动时间与地点；2）活动过程；3）活动意义。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：In order to help the students in the poverty-stricken areas, a "Loving Parcels" donation activity was successfully held in our school hall last week.运用了不定式作目的状语； In addition, they also wrote down the best wishes on cards, which would be collected and delivered to the schools in the poor areas.运用了非限制性定语从句；Not only did the activity help us express our care for the students and send our sincere wishes to them but it also taught us that we should value what we have.运用了倒装句，并列句，宾语从句。
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河南省伊川县重点高中2022-2023学年高三下学期入学测试英语试题
一、英法联军（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The skies over Latin America's largest city are set to witness a futuristic aerospace revolution after the Brazilian airline Gol reached an agreement that could see it transport regular passengers around Sao Paulo in hundreds of low-cost zero-emission electric air taxis.
Domhnal Slattery, chief executive of the Dublin-based firm Avolon, which will provide the aircraft to Gol and recently placed an order for 500 of the aircraft from their British manufacturer, admitted helicopters were the "kingdom of the wealthiest".
But the Avolon boss claimed the introduction of VA-X4 eVTOLs(垂直的) electric vertical takeoff and landing)aircraft to Sao Paulo would be a gamechanger for regular passengers once the taxis, which look like a futuristic cross between a helicopter and a glider, were delivered in late 2024 or 2025.
"Our basic estimate(估计) at the moment is that the operating cost here for this aircraft will be equal to $I per passenger over a 25-mile trip, "Slattery told the Financial Times. "Which is almost equal to an Uber ride. "
Few cities are crying out for such a revolution more than Sao Paulo, a sprawling metropolis with more than 12 million citizens and choked by a fleet of 8. 6m vehicles.
In the late 1990s, the congestion(拥塞) became so bad in what is now the world's fifth biggest city after Tokyo, Delhi, Seoul and Shanghai that authorities were forced to introduce a number plate rotation(循环) system for vehicles.
Stephen Fitzpatrick, the head of the British aerospace manufacturer that produces the aircraft, Vertical Aerospace, said the flying taxis would be ideal for Brazil's biggest city and will "transform how we travel around high population density cities that are crowded with traffic".
The Bristol-based Vertical Aerospace was founded in 2016 and promises to pioneer "a new era in vertical transport".
"We'll be looking to Asia after Sao Paulo," Avolon's chief commercial officer, Paul Geaney, told Reuters.
1．What did Domhnal Slattery think of helicopters
A．They could be afforded by all.
B．They could be mostly used by the rich.
C．They provided convenience for travellers.
D．They showed the owners' social status.
2．What is the advantage of electric air taxis
A．Eco-friendliness. B．Traditional design.
C．Zero noise. D．Free delivery.
3．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage
A．The flying taxis will be ideal for Brazil's biggest city.
B．More cities are eager for electric air taxis than Sao Paulo.
C．The Avolon will enter the Asian transportation market soon.
D．Travelling by VA-X4 eVTOLs can be more convenient but more expensive than by Uber.
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；社会现象类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了交通改善问题，相关公司估计未来会有更为低廉的交通出行方式，可以改善高密度城市人口交通堵塞问题，以及未来会向亚洲市场进军。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查推理判断。 根据第二段"Domhnal Slattery, chief executive of the Dublin-based firm Avolon, which will provide the aircraft to Gol and recently placed an order for 500 of the aircraft from their British manufacturer, ad mitted helicopters were the 'kingdom of the wealthiest' . ”总部位于都柏林的Avolon公司将为Gol提供这款飞机，最近该公司从英国制造商那里订购了500架，该公司首席执行官Domhnal Slattery承认，直升机是“最富有的人的王国”。可知，多姆纳尔·斯莱特里认为它们可能主要被富人使用。故选B。
2．考查细节理解。 根据第一段中的"after the Brazilian airline Gol reached an agreement that could see it transport regular passengers around Sao Paulo in hundreds of low-cost zero-emission electric air taxis. ”在巴西航空公司Gol达成协议后， 该公司将使用数百辆低成本零排放电动空中出租车在圣保罗附近运送普通乘客。可推断，电动空中出租车具有成本低、无排放的优势，因此，选项中的"Echo-friendliness"与"low-cost zero-emission electric air taxis"原文一致， 符合题意。故选A。
3．考查推理判断。 根据最后一段中的" 'We'll be looking to Asia after Sao Paulo. ' Avolon's chief commercial officer, Paul Geaney, told Reuters. ”Avolon首席商务官Paul Geaney对路透表示：“在Sao Paulo. 之后，我们将把目光投向亚洲。"可知，在未来Avolon公司可能会进入亚洲市场。故选C。
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old
nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his
passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried
to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. "In the
beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house," says Doogue. "When
I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors
and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that's when I started
photography. "
Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through
a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the
lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress.
And his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against
brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. "I ended up as
one of their featured photographers," recalled Doogue. "It was the peak
of my career. It was incredible. "
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale,
West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic
of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help
others to cope with their mental health issues as well. "I think the problem
is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure
on young males to be fine all the time," says Doogue. "This is why I try
and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don't
think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can
lose yourself in a spider making its web. "
4．What does the underlined phrase "hit rock bottom" in paragraph 1 mean
A．Be in the worst possible situation.
B．Reach the bottom of a valley.
C．Crash into the lowest part of a rock.
D．Launch an attack on the rock bottom.
5．How did photography benefit Doogue
A．It gave him a new way to express himself.
B．It helped him to escape from pressure.
C．It provided him with life-saving skills.
D．It offered him an opportunity to explore nature.
6．What caused Scottish men to develop mental health problems
A．The way men employ to solve problems.
B．The lack of love for men's life and work.
C．The worry that men get separated from people.
D．The belief that men are expected to be strong.
7．What is the main purpose of the author in writing the text
A．To warn the severity of mental problems.
B．To show the benefits of nature photography.
C．To advise readers to get close to nature.
D．To introduce Doogue's fighting against depression.
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；人物故事类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了自然摄影师Matt Doogue通过拍摄挽救了抑郁的自己，并通过分享他的作品和经历，鼓励和帮助更多患有心理健康疾病的人。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
4．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"‘In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house,’ says Doogue. ‘When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I know that I needed something more and that's when I started photography. ’""一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。"可知，划线词所在句子意思是：他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。可推知，"hit rock bottom"表示"处于最坏的情况"。故选A。
5．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. ”它有镇静作用，帮助他从压力中解脱出来；他的这些惊人的照片，在色彩鲜艳的背景下，以惊人的细节展示了昆虫和蜘蛛，引起了《国家地理》杂志出版商的注意。可知，Doogue通过自然摄影，帮助自己摆脱压力。故选B。
6．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. ‘I think the problem is this man-up approach； the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time,’ says Doogue. ”尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。"我认为问题在于这种男性化的方式；男性需要强壮的观念给年轻男性施加了很大的压力，让他们一直保持健康，"道格说。可推断，男人被期待变强大和坚强的想法给苏格兰的年轻男性很大压力，导致他们患有心理健康疾病。故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. ‘In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house, 'says Doogue.‘When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that's when I started photography. ’"34岁的马特·道格是一名自然摄影师，当他第一次发现自己对拍摄昆虫的热情时，他一直患有抑郁症，他的作品现在已经登上了《国家地理》杂志。他说，九年前他在人生跌入谷底后曾试图自杀。"一开始，我非常偏执和愤怒，以至于我不能离开家，"道格说。"当我试图结束自己的生命时，我知道我需要见一个人。我去看了医生，接受了治疗，但我知道我需要更多，于是我开始摄影。"；以及第三段中的"Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. ”尽管他担心苏格兰正处于男性自杀泛滥的时期，但他相信分享自己对自然摄影的热爱也能帮助其他人应对心理健康问题。可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是：介绍Doogue抵抗抑郁症的经历，并希望通过分享他的经历帮助更多有心理健康疾病的人。故选D。
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry and failed attempts to use technology have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
8．What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do
A．Monitor the quality of grass. B．Cure the diseased cattle.
C．Move cattle to another field. D．Predict weather changes.
9．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A．He wants to help them earn a living.
B．He thinks men can do the job better.
C．He is inexperienced in using robots.
D．He enjoys the traditional way of life.
10．How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A．Increase the value of cattle. B．Bring down the cost of labor.
C．Make the job more appealing. D．Keep cattle from being stolen.
11．What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry
A．Soil pollution. B．Lack of workers.
C．Aging machines. D．Low profitability.
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．B
11．B
【知识点】细节理解题；科普环保类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
8．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的" An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage. ”澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临芳动力短缺的问题。可知，畜牧产业面临芳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
9．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的" The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture(质地) of grass.”通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。可知， Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
10．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的" But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry- and failed attempts to use technology- have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.”但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验以及使用技术的失败尝试使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。可知，皮特邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.”俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选B。
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a way of editing genes(基因), which offers the promise of one day curing inherited(遗传的) diseases. Working on opposite sides of the Atlantic, French woman Emmanuelle Charpentier and American Jennifer A. Doudna came up with a method known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to change the DNA of animals and plants.
It was the first time two women had won the chemistry Nobel together—adding to the small number of female winners in the sciences, where women have long received less recognition for their work than men. The scientists' work allows researchers to precisely edit specific genes to remove errors that lead to disease.
"There is great power in this genetic tool, which affects us all," said Claes Gustafsson, chair of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, "It has not only made huge progress in basic science, but also led to advances in new medical treatments. "
Charpentier, 53, spoke of the shock of winning. "Strangely enough I was told a number of times that I'd win, but when it happens you're very surprised. And I wish that this will provide a positive message to young girls who would like to follow the path of science. "
Doudna told The Associated Press, "I actually just found out I'm in shock. And my greatest hope is that it's used for good, to uncover new mysteries in biology and to benefit humankind. "
The Broad Institute at Harvard and MIT have been in a long court fight over patents(专利) on CRISPR technology, and many other scientists did important work on it, but Doudna and Charpentier have been most consistently(一致地) honored with prizes for turning it into an easily usable tool.
12．What do we know about the two scientists from the first two paragraphs
A．They both work in America.
B．They work harder than other females.
C．They provide a new way to edit genes.
D．They are the first women to win the Nobel Prize.
13．What is Claes Gustafsson's attitude towards the genetic tool
A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Dissatisfied. D．Doubtful.
14．What did Charpentier and Doudna think of their winning the prize
A．They didn't deserve the honor.
B．They thought it good for them.
C．They were both surprised at it.
D．They would be examples to young girls.
15．What is the text mainly about
A．Two Nobel Prize winners surprise the world.
B．Female scientists do better than male scientists.
C．There is research for developing a way of editing genes.
D．Two scientists win the Nobel Prize for gene-editing discovery.
【答案】12．C
13．A
14．C
15．D
【知识点】主旨大意题；推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了两名女性科学家因开发出一种编辑基因的方法而获得诺贝尔化学奖，及她们对于获得诺贝尔化学奖的感受。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a way of editing genes"两名科学家因开发出一种编辑基因的方法而获得诺贝尔化学奖。可知她们提出了一种新的基因编辑的方法，故选C。
13．考查推理判断。根据第三段"There is great power in this genetic tool, which affects us all. It has not only made huge progress in basic science, but also led to advances in new medical treatments. "这种基因工具蕴含着巨大的力量，它影响着我们所有人。它不仅在基础科学方面取得了巨大的进步，还引领了新的医学治疗方法的进步。可推断Claes Gustafsson对于这个基因工具是一种支持的态度。故选A。
14．考查细节理解。 根据第四段中的"Strangely enough I was told a number of times that I'd win, but when it happens you're very surprised"奇怪的是，很多次我都被告知我会赢，但当它真的发生时，你会非常惊讶；以及第五段中的" I actually just found out I'm in shock"我刚刚才发现自己很震惊。可知，两位科学家在得知自己获奖时都是非常惊讶的状态。故选C。
15．考查主旨大意。 根据第一段中的"Two scientists won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for developing a way of editing genes(基因),which offers the promise of one day curing inherited(遗传的)diseases. "两名科学家因开发出一种编辑基因的方法而获得诺贝尔化学奖，这种方法有望在未来治愈遗传疾病；结合文章内容，后文提到基因编辑工具对医学治疗方面的影响等方面，可判断，文章讲述了两位科学家因基因编辑方法而获得诺贝尔奖的故事。故选D。
二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
"Learn from failure. " This article is to make you understand some key points about learning from failure. 　16． 　 Or, if you are new to this thing called "failure", then it will serve as a beginning to better success. Here are some tips for learning from failure:
·Take the risk and pay the price.
　17． 　 Think about the entrepreneurs(企业家), scientists, leaders, and businesses that took the path less trodden(踩踏的) and how they were rewarded handsomely. If you pay the price with the risk you take, the returns may surprise you. "But, what if I fail " you ask. 　18． 　
No one is perfect, so failure is absolutely acceptable. The proverb that we learn from failure is true. The lessons are there for you to understand and do better next time.
·Realize experience is the best teacher.
People say experience is the best teacher. If you accept that to be true then you need to accept failure as one of the many lessons you gain from experience. It's that simple. 　19． 　
·Allow yourself the freedom to fail.
　20． 　 If you are safe all the time, then you are not giving yourself the opportunity to learn from failure. Give yourself the freedom to fail and see how the lessons of success open up for you.
A. Know it's okay to fail.
B. Nothing ventured(冒险), nothing gained.
C. Let the fear of failure help you succeed.
D. Think about failures as lessons in the journey of life.
E. Ready to learn from failure so you can find career success.
F. When you are too cautious, you do not allow yourself to take any risks.
G. Lessons you probably are very familiar with but need reminders about.
【答案】16．C；17．B；18．A；19．D；20．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何从失败中学习。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前“This article is to make you understand some key points about learning from failure.”(本文旨在让您了解从失败中学习的一些要点。可知，此处说的是让您了解从失败中学习的一些要点。C. Let the fear of failure help you succeed. “让对失败的恐惧帮助你成功。”符合语境。故选C。
17．根据空前“Take the risk and pay the price.”承担风险并付出代价。可知，此处说的是承担风险并付出代价。B. Nothing ventured(冒险), nothing gained. “没有冒险，就没有收获。”符合语境。故选B。
18．根据空后“No one is perfect, so failure is absolutely acceptable.”没有人是完美的,所以失败是绝对可以接受的。可知，此处说的是失败是绝对可以接受的。A. Know it's okay to fail.“知道失败是可以的。”符合语境。故选A。
19．根据空前“If you accept that to be true then you need to accept failure as one of the many lessons you gain from experience.”如果你承认这是真的，那么你需要接受失败，将其作为你从经验中获得的众多教训之一。可知，此处说的是失败是一种教训。D. Think about failures as lessons in the journey of life. “把失败看作人生旅途中的教训。”符合语境。故选D。
20．根据空前“If you are safe all the time, then you are not giving yourself the opportunity to learn from failure.”如果你一直都很安全，那么你就没有机会从失败中学习。可知此处说的是不要害怕失败。E. Ready to learn from failure so you can find career success.“准备好从失败中学习，这样你才能找到事业. 上的成功。”符合语境。故选E。
三、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Growing up, I always heard people say work hard pays; that working
hard is a virtue. I never really understood the 21． of these words until I reached
the age where my parents 22． giving
me my monthly allowance and asked me to 23． a job.
New Year is a season of good news either for merrymakers or for business.
My childhood friend was one of the 24． . Although we grew up together, Mike and I were two sides of the same
coin. Therefore, while I 25． the
festive season as another time of the year when people overindulge (放任),he saw it as a 26． time to make money. 27． , I needed this side of him, considering my present 28． .
Mike was not of the "work hard pays" school of thought,but
the "work smart" school of thought. When I 29． him about my difficulty, he saw
a business 30． . He told me about his business idea — making
New Year presents and 31． them
on credit. Of course, he 32． my
disbelief and lack of 33． in
his idea. At this point, he told me he had 34． and realized that only one shop
sold New Year presents, and the price was very 35． . To make the story short, we made our New Year presents and hit the
road 36． .
News about our New Year presents 37． like wildfire. Within three days,we
had sold about 20 New Year presents, and as they say, the rest is history.
My parents' 38． to
stop my monthly allowance served to teach me the 39． of work. However, it was my business
adventure with Mike that taught me that working smart is 40． than working hard.
21．A．explanation B．meaning C．secret D．trick
22．A．enjoyed B．allowed C．considered D．stopped
23．A．look for B．take over C．turn down D．agree to
24．A．latter B．former C．first D．last
25．A．doubted B．guessed C．saw D．knew
26．A．usual B．fixed C．perfect D．prepared
27．A．Strangely B．Interestingly C．Finally D．Traditionally
28．A．difficulty B．fortune C．happiness D．chance
29．A．argued B．quarreled C．told D．wrote
30．A．expert B．newcomer C．competitor D．partner
31．A．renting B．exchanging C．selling D．purchasing
32．A．noticed B．removed C．lost D．understood
33．A．courage B．relief C．spirit D．enthusiasm
34．A．dreamed B．researched C．accepted D．answered
35．A．low B．high C．reasonable D．fair
36．A．running B．resting C．falling D．building
37．A．wandered B．spread C．burnt D．disappeared
38．A．expectation B．contribution C．determination D．decision
39．A．strength B．energy C．value D．sort
40．A．bigger B．more C．louder D．better
【答案】21．B；22．D；23．A；24．A；25．C；26．C；27．B；28．A；29．C；30．D；31．C；32．A；33．D；34．B；35．B；36．A；37．B；38．D；39．C；40．D
【知识点】记叙文；人物故事类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和朋友的商业之旅，让作者明白聪明地工作比努力工作更好。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：直到我到了父母不再给我每月津贴并要求我找工作的年龄，我才真正理解这些词的含义。A：explanation“解释”；B：meaning“意思，意义”；C：secret“秘密”；D：trick “诡计”。根据上文“Growing up, I always heard people say work hard pays; that working hard is a virtue.”在成长过程中，我总是听到人们说努力工作会有回报；努力工作是一种美德。可知，作者以前不明白人们常说的这些话的真正意义，故选B。
22．句意：直到我到了父母不再给我每月津贴并要求我找工作的年龄，我才真正理解这些词的含义。A：enjoyed“享受”；B：allowed“允许”；C：considered“考虑，认为”；D：stopped“停止”。 根据下文“ My parents' 18 to stop my monthly allowance served to teach me the 19 of work. ”我父母决定停止我每月的津贴，这让我明白了工作的价值。可知，是父母亲停止给作者零花钱,并让作者找一份工作，故选D。
23．句意：直到我到了父母不再给我每月津贴并要求我找工作的年龄，我才真正理解这些词的含义。A：look for“寻找”；B：take over“接管”；C：turn down“拒绝”；D：agree to “同意”。根据下文“ My parents' 18 to stop my monthly allowance served to teach me the 19 of work. ”我父母决定停止我每月的津贴，这让我明白了工作的价值。说明此处指找工作，故选A。
24．句意：我儿时的朋友就是后者之一。A：latter“后者”；B：former“前者”；C：first“首先”；D：last“最后”。 根据下文“ he saw it as a 6 time to make money. ”但他认为这是一个赚钱的绝佳时机。说明新年是喜讯的季节，无论是对欢乐的制造者还是对商业来说，他选择了后者，故选A。
25．句意：因此，虽然我认为节日是一年中另一个人们过度放纵的时候，但他认为这是一个赚钱的绝佳时机。A：doubted“怀疑”；B：guessed“猜想”；C：saw“看见”；D：knew“知道”。根据空后“ he saw it as a 6 time to make money. ”但他认为这是一个赚钱的绝佳时机。可知，此处指作者把节日看作是人们放任寻乐的好时机,而作者的朋友却看作是赚钱的良机。see...as...固定短语，“把......看作......”，故选C。
26．句意：因此，虽然我认为节日是一年中另一个人们过度放纵的时候，但他认为这是一个赚钱的绝佳时机。A：usual“通常的”；B：fixed“固定的”；C：perfect“完美的”；D：prepared “准备好的”。根据语境可知，此处指这是一个赚钱的绝佳时机，故选C。
27．句意：有趣的是，考虑到我目前的困难，我需要他的这一面。A：Strangely“奇怪地”；B：Interestingly“有趣地”；C：Finally“最后”；D：Traditionally “传统地”。作者和朋友是不同的两类人，但现在需要朋友的这种视野来帮助自己度过难关，因此觉得很有意思，故选A。
28．句意：有趣的是，考虑到我目前的困难，我需要他的这一面。A：difficulty“困难”；B：fortune“运气”；C：happiness“高兴，幸福”；D：chance “机会”。根据下文“When I 9 him about my difficulty, he saw a business 10 . ”当我告诉他我的困难时，他看到了一个商业伙伴。说明作者把自己的困境告诉了朋友，故选A。
29．句意：当我告诉他我的困难时，他看到了一个商业伙伴。A：argued“争论”；B：quarreled“争吵”；C：told“告诉”；D：wrote “写”。根据语境可知，作者把自己的困境告诉了朋友，故选C。
30．句意：当我告诉他我的困难时，他看到了一个商业伙伴。A：expert“专家”；B：newcomer“新手”；C：competitor“竞争者”；D：partner “合作者”。根据下文“To make the story short, we made our New Year presents and hit the road 16 .”为了使故事简短，我们制作了新年礼物并开始了跑步。可知作者和朋友一起去卖新年礼物,可推知朋友把作者当成了合作伙伴，故选D。
31．句意：他告诉我他的商业想法——制作新年礼物并赊销。A：renting“租”；B：exchanging“交换”；C：selling“卖”；D：purchasing “购买”。根据下文“Within three days,we had sold about 20 New Year presents, and as they say, the rest is history.”三天之内，我们售出了大约20份新年礼物，正如他们所说，剩下的都是历史。可知，他们是在卖新年礼物，故选C。
32．句意：当然，他注意到我的怀疑和对他的想法缺乏热情。A：noticed“注意到”；B：removed“移除”；C：lost“丢失”；D：understood“理解”。 根据下文“At this point, he told me he had 14 and realized that only one shop sold New Year presents, and the price was very 15 ”在这一点上，他告诉我，他已经研究并意识到只有一家商店出售新年礼物，而且价格很高。说明朋友提出这个想法的时候，也注意到了作者的质疑和缺乏激情，故选A。
33．句意：当然，他注意到我的怀疑和对他的想法缺乏热情。A：courage“勇气”；B：relief“减轻”；C：spirit“精神”；D：enthusiasm “热情”。根据下文“At this point, he told me he had 14 and realized that only one shop sold New Year presents, and the price was very 15 ”在这一点上，他告诉我，他已经研究并意识到只有一家商店出售新年礼物，而且价格很高。说明朋友提出这个想法的时候，也注意到了作者的质疑和缺乏激情，故选D。
34．句意：在这一点上，他告诉我，他已经研究并意识到只有一家商店出售新年礼物，而且价格很高。A：dreamed“梦想”；B：researched“调查”；C：accepted“接受”；D：answered“回答”。根据空后“realized that only one shop sold New Year presents, and the price was very 15 .”可知，关于这个问题。作者的朋友说已经做过研究，只有一家商店卖新年礼物，而且价格较高，故选B。
35．句意：在这一点上，他告诉我，他已经研究并意识到只有一家商店出售新年礼物，而且价格很高。A：low“低的”；B：high“高的”；C：reasonable“合理的”；D：fair “公平的”。根据空前“ only one shop sold New Year presents ”可知，发现只有一家商店卖新年礼物，说明价格很高，故选B。
36．句意：长话短说，我们制作了新年礼物并开始了跑步。A：running“使.....运行”；B：resting“休息”；C：falling“落下”；D：building “建造”。根据语境可知，作者和朋友做好礼物就行动了，故选A。
37．句意：关于我们新年礼物的消息不胫而走。A：wandered“徘徊”；B：spread“传播”；C：burnt“燃烧”；D：disappeared“消失”。根据下文“Within three days,we had sold about 20 New Year presents, and as they say, the rest is history.”三天之内，我们售出了大约20份新年礼物，正如他们所说，剩下的都是历史。说明卖礼物的消息像野火一样传播的很快，故选B。
38．句意：我父母决定停止我每月的津贴，这让我明白了工作的价值。A：expectation“期望”；B：contribution“贡献”；C：determination“决心”；D：decision“决定”。根据语境可知， 正是父母亲的决定才让作者有机会明白工作的价值，故选D。
39．句意：我父母决定停止我每月的津贴，这让我明白了工作的价值。A：strength“力量”；B：energy“精力”；C：value“价值”；D：sort“种类”。根据语境可知， 正是父母亲的决定才让作者有机会明白工作的价值，故选C。
40．句意：然而，正是我与迈克的商业冒险让我认识到，聪明工作比努力工作更好。A：bigger“更大的”；B：more“更多的”；C：louder“更大声的”；D：better “更好的”。根据语境可知，正是这次和朋友的商业之旅,让作者明白聪明地工作比努力工作更好，故选D。
四、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
（2023高三下·伊川开学考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese people take tree planting 　41． 　(serious). President Xi Jinping 　42． 　 (join) local residents for tree planting in the capital's suburbs in March this year—his 10th successive 　43． 　 (present) at the annual activity since he became China's top leader. Xi said that by joining other volunteers to plant trees, he wants to make his contribution to building 　44． 　 green and beautiful China, and encourage society, especially the youth, 　45． 　 (promote) ecological advancement.
When the People's Republic of China 　46． 　 (found) in 1949, forests covered only 8. 6 percent of the country's land area. The constant use of wood for cooking and heating had denuded(使变光秃) forests and reduced the green cover, 　47． 　(result) in environmental deterioration and desertification. It was under such circumstances that China launched national tree-planting campaign to build forest belts. Thanks to nationwide efforts, last year, it was reported that forest cover has increased to 23 percent of the country's land territory, 　48． 　 spread over 220 million hectares.
As a leader who in his youth toiled(辛苦工作) 　49． 　 a farmer on the almost barren(贫瘠的) Loess Plateau for seven years, Xi knows better than many 　50． 　 forests mean to a nation. The concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" has become a motto for China's future development.
【答案】41．seriously；42．joined；43．presence；44．a；45．to promote；46．was founded；47．resulting；48．and；49．as；50．what
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了习近平主席参加首都义务植树，为建设美丽中国出一份力。文章回顾了新中国成立时的生态环境，以及新中国以来所取得的成就。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及副词，时态，名词，冠词，非谓语动词，时态语态，连词，介词，宾语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
41．句意：中国人很重视植树。take...seriously固定短语，"认真对待"，故填seriously。
42．句意：事实上，习近平主席今年3月加入了当地居民在首都郊区的植树活动，这是他成为中国最高领导人以来连续第10次参加这个年度活动。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in March this year可知应用一般过去时，故填joined。
43．句意：事实上，习近平主席今年3月加入了当地居民在首都郊区的植树活动，这是他成为中国最高领导人以来连续第10次参加这个年度活动。根据空前的"his 10th successive"可知设空处应为名词，所给词present的名词presence意为"出席，在场"符合句意，presence意为"出席，在场"时为不可数名词， 故填presence。
44．句意：习近平主席说，通过和其他志愿者一起植树，他想为建设一个绿色美丽的中国做出自己的贡献，并鼓励社会，特别是年轻人，促进生态发展。根据句意可知此处指"一个绿色美丽的中国"，表泛指，所以用不定冠词，空后为"green"，起始音为辅音，故填a。
45．句意：习近平主席说，通过和其他志愿者一起植树, 他想为建设一个绿色美丽的中国做出自己的贡献，并鼓励社会，特别是年轻人，促进生态发展。encourage sb to do sth固定短语，"鼓励某人做某事"，不定式作宾语补足语，故填to promote。
46．句意： 1949年中华人民共和国成立时，森林仅占国土面积的8. 6%。此处是谓语动词，从句的主语the People's Republic of China与found是被动关系，根据时间状语in 1949可知此从句为一般过去时，故填was founded。
47．句意：持续使用木材做饭和取暖已经造成森林退化，绿色植被减少，导致环境恶化和荒漠化。_____(result) in environmental deterioration and desertification"在句中作结果状语，"持续使用木材做饭和取暖已经造成森林退化，绿色植被减少，与result in之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词，故填resulting。
48．句意：据报道，由于全国范围的努力，去年森林覆盖率已增加到国土面积的23%，覆盖面积超过2. 2亿公顷。设空处连接谓语动词increased和spread,两者为并列关系，故填and。
49．句意：作为一位年轻时曾在贫瘠的黄土高原上当了七年农民的领导人，习近平比许多人都更清楚森林对一个国家意味着什么。介词as意为"作为，以……身份"符合句意，故填as。
50．句意：作为一位年轻时曾在贫瘠的黄土高原上当了七年农民的领导人，习近平比许多人都更清楚森林对一个国家意味着什么。_____ forests mean to a nation作knows的宾语从句，设空处在从句中作mean的宾语，表示"意味着什么"，故填what。
五、短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51．（2023高三下·伊川开学考）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2）只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Nowadays, have sports is becoming more and more popular. As we know, a person who keeps on taking exercise regular will keep fit and live happy life.
My favorite sport is playing basketball. After school I usually spent half an hour on it, that not only builds up my body but also makes me refreshed. Playing basketball help me relax after a period of tired study and improves my study efficiency. Besides, because playing basketball needs cooperation, so I have learned the spirit of teamwork. It is also a good way for me to make new friend. In a word, playing basketball enriches my life and makes me more confidence.
Come on! Let's do sports together and enjoy a healthy life.
【答案】①have→having ②regular→regularly③happy前加a④spent→spend⑤that→which⑥help→helps⑦tired→tiring⑧去掉so⑨friend→friends⑩confidence→confident
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，现在，体育运动越来越流行，一个经常锻炼的人会保持健康，过上幸福的生活。作者叙述了自己因为喜欢打篮球，丰富了生活，也让自己更有信心。
（1）句意：如今，体育运动越来越流行。本句谓语动词为is becoming，is前面为主语， 应用动名词，表示一般性、经常性动作，故have政为having。
（2）句意：正如我们所知，一个经常锻炼的人会保持健康，过上幸福的生活。修饰taking应用副词，故regular改为regularly。
（3）句意：正如我们所知，一个经常锻炼的人会保持健康，过上幸福的生活。live a happy life固定短语，"过快乐的生活"，故在live后加a。
（4）句意：放学后，我通常会花半个小时来锻炼，这不仅锻炼了我的身体，还让我精神焕发。此处用一般现在时表述习惯性的动作，故填 spent 改为 spend。
（5）句意：放学后我通常花半小时的时间打篮球， 这不仅能增强我的体格，而且使我精神焕发。 逗号后面的句子修饰逗号前提到的那件事，为非限制性定语从句，不能用that引导，故that改为which。
（6）句意：打篮球有助于我在一段时间的疲劳学习后放松身心，提高学习效率。主语为Playing basketball，为单数概念，且根据全文时态可知，此处时态为一般现在时，故help改为helps。
（7）句意：打篮球有助于我在一段时间的疲劳学习后放松身心，提高学习效率。修饰名词study，表示"令人疲惫的"，应用-ing形式的形容词，故tired改为tiring。
（8）句意：此外，因为打篮球需要合作，所以我学会了团队合作的精神。because表示原因，so表示结果，二者不可同时出现在一个句子中。故删除so。
（9）句意：这也是我结交新朋友的好方法。根据语境可知"交新朋友"不止一个，且"交朋友"的固定表达为make friends。故friend改为friends。
（10）句意：总之，打篮球丰富了我的生活，让我更有信心。make sb +adj. 为固定结构，"使某人……"，此处应用形容词作宾语补足语。故confidence改为 confident。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，副词，冠词，时态，定语从句，时态，主谓一致，形容词，连词以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
六、书面表达（满分25分）
52．（2023高三下·伊川开学考）假定你是学校英语杂志社记者，上周你校开展了给贫困地区学生捐赠"爱心包裹"的活动。请写一篇新闻报道。内容包括：
1）活动时间与地点；
2）活动过程；
3）活动意义。
注意：
1）词数80左右；
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Loving Parcels for Students in Need
【答案】Loving Parcels for Students in Need
In order to help the students in the poverty-stricken areas, a "Loving Parcels" donation activity was successfully held in our school hall last week.
All of the teachers and students took an active part in the activity. They donated their clothes, books and schoolbags to the students in need. In addition, they also wrote down the best wishes on cards, which would be collected and delivered to the schools in the poor areas.
Not only did the activity help us express our care for the students and send our sincere wishes to them but it also taught us that we should value what we have.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以学校英语杂志社记者的身份写一篇新闻报道 。写作背景： 上周你校开展了给贫困地区学生捐赠"爱心包裹"的活动。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）活动时间与地点；2）活动过程；3）活动意义。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：In order to help the students in the poverty-stricken areas, a "Loving Parcels" donation activity was successfully held in our school hall last week.运用了不定式作目的状语； In addition, they also wrote down the best wishes on cards, which would be collected and delivered to the schools in the poor areas.运用了非限制性定语从句；Not only did the activity help us express our care for the students and send our sincere wishes to them but it also taught us that we should value what we have.运用了倒装句，并列句，宾语从句。
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