外研版（2019）必修第一册Unit 1 A new start Developing ideasand Reflection词汇精讲课堂课件(共65张PPT)

(共65张PPT)
版本：新外研
单元：必修 Book 1 Unit 1 (Developing ideas — Reflection)
词
汇
课
堂
本单元词汇梳理
1. award：词块win / get / gain /receive an award
award sb sth / award sth to sb
2. opportunity：词块take / seize / miss an opportunity, an opportunity
to do sth / for (doing) sth
3. subscribe：词块subscribe to a magazine, subscribe to the view
4. view：词源： - vid- 看见 → view 被看见的
同根词：visit, vision, television
同族词：view — viewer — review — preview — interview
词块：come into view, a sea view, in one’s view, from one’s
point of view
5. former：词块 the former … the latter
6. graduate：构词 grad-(grade, 步、级) + -u- + -ate 名词词尾 →
在学业上完成某一步 / 某一级 → 毕业；
同根词 grade, gradual
词块：graduate from senior high school / university
熟词生义：逐渐发展 / 升级为 (I quickly graduated
from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. 2020 浙江)
graduate v和n发音不同；派生词graduation
7. fright：fright + -en（使）
词族 fright — frighten — frightened — frightening
frightened词块：be frightened of; be frightened to death
frightened同义词：scared, afraid
8. sight：意为“景点” 时常用复数； sightseeing
词块 in / out of (one’s) sight, lose one’s sight, at first sight,
at the sight of, catch sight of, come into sight, lose
sight of, set one’s sights on
9. figure：一词多义，基本义“形状”
词块 figure out; trade figures, a leading figure
10. select：精准的汉语释义“精选”, carefully choose
词块 select sb / sth for sth, select sb / sth as sth, select sb /
sth to do sth
11. particular：词块 in particular; be particular about / over
派生词 particularly
12. specific：词块 a specific goal, be specific to
13. refer to：一词多义：谈到，提到；查阅，参考；指的是
14. keep a journal / diary
15. struggle：词块 struggle with / against, struggle for / to do sth;
it’s a struggle for sb to do sth
16. memorise：memory + -ise （使）
17. forward：词块 look forward to (doing) sth
n 前锋 v 转发，转寄
18. improve：词源 em- (进入，使) + prou (利润，收益) → 使变成利润、增加收入，原义为“有收益的；有用的”。后拼写受 prove 影响俗化。引申词义为“改进；改善”。
派生词 improvement；词块：improve on / upon
19. rate：词块 rate ... as; birth / heart rate; at a … rate / speed of,
at any rate, first-rate / second-rate / third-rate
20. perform：词族 perform — performance — performer;
performance词块：give / put on a performance; good / poor /
bad performance
21. exchange： ex- (out) + change
词块：exchange views / ideas, exchange sth with sb,
exchange sth for sth;
an exchange student, in exchange for, an exchange
rate, foreign exchange
分词形容词
struggle
搭配义
graduate
sight
refer to
exchange
一词多义
搭配义
一词多义
搭配义
一词多义
英语释义
一词多义
figure
一词多义
opportunity
搭配义
view
熟词生义
perform & performance
一词多义
improve
搭配义
重难点词
精讲
opportunity
智者创造机会,而不是等待机会。—— 弗朗西斯·培根
弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon，1561一1626），英国文艺复兴时期散文家、哲学家。英国唯物主义哲学家，实验科学的创始人，是近代归纳法的创始人，又是给科学研究程序进行逻辑组织化的先驱。主要著作有《新工具》、《论科学的增进》以及《学术的伟大复兴》等。
opportunity
n [C] & [U] 机会；时机 (chance)：
(a) rare / golden / perfect opportunity
take / seize / use / provide / miss an opportunity (to do sth)
Orientation Day is a fantastic opportunity for new students to get to know the school and the other students. 外研新必修① – 1
May I take this opportunity to thank you for all your hard work.
To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as we can. 2008 江苏
Mealtimes are an excellent opportunity for conversation.
There’ll be plenty of opportunity for relaxing / to relax once the work is done.
[U] 视野；视线 the ability to see sth or to be seen from a particular place：
There was usually nobody in view except some sheep in the grassland.
The lake came into view as we turned the corner.
Sit down — you’re blocking my view.
view n
词源：
来自拉丁语videre,看，词源同visit, evident。
同根词还有：visible, vision, video。
[C] 风景；景色 what you can see from a particular place：
While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.2008 北京书面表达
I’d like a room with a sea view / a commanding view.
侧重表示从某处可看到的“远景”，尤指从窗口、高处等看到的景色。
[C] 观点；看法 an opinion or idea about sth (opinion)：
Jill and I have different views on / about the subject.
In my view, playing computer games is a waste of time.
Can’t you see things from my point of view
Your view of life is different from mine.
in view of 鉴于；考虑到：
In view of the weather, the event will be held indoors.
on view 在展出；展览着：
The painting is currently on view at the gallery.
view语义网络
视觉
view
肉眼看到的范围
看到的景色
对人或事物的看法
视野；视线
风景；景色
观点；看法
基本义
人
到
物
由
外
到
内
由
[正式用语] 看；观看；观赏：
These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor.
看待 (see)：
We view film as a type of contemporary art.
viewer n [C] (电视) 观众；观察者
view vt 名词动化
由词根view组成的词：
re + view = review (v）复习
pre + view = preview (v）预习
inter + view = interview (v）采访；对……进行面试
■ v
vi 获得学位；毕业：
He graduated in physics from Cambridge University.
He was born in 1942 in Oxford and graduated from Oxford University.
vt 使……毕业；授予……学位：
The college graduated 500 students last year.
vi 逐渐升级为：
I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. 2020 浙江
词源： grad- (grade, 步、级) + -u- + -ate 名词词尾 → 在学业上完成某一步 / 某一级 → 毕业
graduate
graduation n
[U] 毕业：
a graduation certificate
A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. 2011 广东
[U] & [C] 毕业典礼：
attend the graduation
■ n [C] 学位获得者；毕业生：
a graduate school
a graduate in medicine / a medicine graduate
He’s a graduate of Harvard.
词汇拓展
sight词源
sight 来源于古英语动词see， sight 是其名词形式，最初加名词前缀th，后变成t→sight ，即the act of see。
[U] 视力；视觉：
have good / poor sight
When Shaw lost his sight, his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog.
[U] 看见；瞥见：
Just the sight of the monster made her go all weak.
[U] 视域；眼界；视线：
I glanced around me quickly. There was no one in sight.
She never lets her daughter out of her sight.
[C] 看见的事物；景象；情景：
The practice of hanging flags is a common sight
in many parts of the country on National day.
These mountains are a splendid sight when viewed from the valley floor.
[复数] 名胜；景点 = places of interests
Overseas visitors are impressed by the beautiful sights of Beijing.
所见之物
基本义
sight
看见的能力
看见的行为
看见的范围
看见的事物
看见的名胜古迹
视力；视觉
看见；瞥见
视域；眼界；视线
景象；情景
名胜；景点
sight语义网络图
at first sight 一见(就)；乍一看：
At first sight, there is nothing special about the watch, but in fact it is a mobile phone.
at the sight of 一看见：
Some people will faint at the sight of blood. ‘
catch sight of 看见；发现：
Suddenly, I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
come into sight 进入视线；映入眼帘：
As the plane came down through the clouds, green fields and white houses came into sight.
lose sight of 看不见；忽略；忘记：
I lost sight of him in the crowd.
set one’s sights on 以…为奋斗目标：
The player said that he had set his sights on winning the championship in the coming Olympics.
sight的搭配
figure的前世今生
在《圣经》中，亚当和夏娃偷吃了禁果之后，有了羞耻感，于是夏娃就想找个树叶子来遮挡自己的身体。柳树叶子太小，梧桐叶子又太大，身边正好有无花果（fig）树，就摘了无花果的叶子作为贴身短衣。
因为fig是用来遮挡身体形状的，所以figure的含义引申为“形状”。
[常用复数]数字；位数；算术：
the latest trade figures
have a head for figures
He got a job, earning close to six figures.
(尤指女性的) 体形 / 身材 / 身影：
a tall figure in black
Every woman wants a slim figure these days.
figure n
人物；人士 a person who is important or famous：
a public / a leading / an authority figure
画像；塑像：
a bronze figure of a horse
图表；图形：
See Figure 1.
A triangle is a three-sided figure.
figure v
vi 是重要部分；是……的部分 to be an important part of sth ：
My feeling about the matter didn’t seem to figure at all.
vt [非正式用语] 认为；估计 to think or guess sth ：
From the way he behaved, I figured (that) he was drunk.
vt (AmE) 计算：
I’m just figuring my expenses.
figure out 弄清楚；弄明白；计算出：
I couldn’t figure out what I had done to annoy my boss.
Have you figured out how much the trip will cost 2012 福建
词源：有了羞耻感的亚当和夏娃“认为”遮挡身体很重要，所以figure又引申出“是重要部分、是……的部分”的意思。
figure语义网络图
形状figure n
(基本义)
“数字”的形状
数字
体型；身材；身影
人物；人士
画像；塑像
位数
算术
图表
图形
“人或动物”的形状
“几何图形”的形状
是重要部分；是……的部分
认为；估计
计算
n
v
select
玩游戏的时候，你曾为“挑选”角色苦恼过吗？
挑选又如何表达呢？
I want to read an English book, but I can’t choose the right one.
The coach has not chosen me to play in the football team.
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents, and select two activities they would like to do. 2018 全国
Select something around you that you share with the other person. 2015 安徽
读下面的句子，体会choose和select的区别：
In everyday English, people usually say choose rather than select.
select
vt (经过认真思考而) 挑选；精选 to choose sb / sth, usually carefully, from a number of similar things：
He selected a mobile phone for personal use.
① select sb / sth for sth:
He had hopes of being selected for the national team.
② select sb / sth as sth:
Mr Clark was selected as the Best Teacher of the Year.
③ select sb / sth to do sth:
He’s the only student in the class that has been selected to take part in the Model United Nations conference. 2014 湖北
辨 select, choose, pick 三者都有“选择”之意。
select 指“精选”，是基于要求从同类的许多事物或人中仔细辨别后选出最合适的。select比choose更正式。
choose 指挑选自己喜欢的人或物；决定或更喜欢做某事。choose 泛指选择，可不带宾语。
You choose — I can’t decide. 你来选，我决定不了。
pick 指从一群人或一组事物中选出一个或一些，可泛指选择，口语用词。
choose to do can’t choose but do sth
choose from pick out
pick one’s words
词汇拓展
selective adj 慎重选择的；精挑细选的
selection n [U] & [C] 可选之人或物；选集：
make a selection
Selections From Charles Dickens《狄更斯选集》
阅读理解中随处可见的refer to
What does the underlined word “stumble” in paragraph 2 refer to
（2019 全国卷I 阅读B篇）
What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to
（2018 浙江 阅读B篇）
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to
(2017全国卷II 阅读D篇)
What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to
(2016全国卷II 阅读C篇)
refer to 指的是
词源：
re-(back) + fer (carry)， 即为“带回来”。When one thing refers to another, one meaning carries back to the other — there’s some kind of relation. 因此，refer to的基本义是“使……联系”。
refer (...) to 谈到；提到(mention):The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech. 查阅；参考：While giving the English speech, one is not allowed to refer to the notes.referv 指的是to describe or be connected tosb/sth：The word business also refers to an organization that provides goods and services.2013全国 把……提交给；把……委托给：My colleague said that as the situation was unusual hewouldreferthemattertohis editor.使联系(to relate)refer to在演讲、说话时联系到某人、某物为获取信息联系某物描述人或事物的联系和专业人士等联系查阅；参考指的是把……提交给；把……委托给谈到；提到refer to语义网络图struggle■n[C]斗争；奋斗；难事：Thestruggle forfreedom was long and hard.Itwas a struggle for herto make him understand.struggle■vi(与某人) 搏斗；斗争；挣扎：astruggling artist2020全国struggle to one’s feet / struggle one’s way to①struggle with / against:He has been struggling with illness for years.②struggle for / to do sth:struggle for freedom / independence / human rightsMany of the families were struggling to make ends meet.2020山东改improve the environment
His health is improving.
We had better ask our teachers or classmates for advice on how to improve our writing. 2009 福建
improve on / upon 对……做出改进；做得比……更好：
Lily has scored 98 in the maths test, and I don’t think anyone will improve on that.
词汇拓展
improvement n [U] & [C] 改良；改善；改进处
improve
词源：em- (进入、使) + prou (利润、收益) → 使变成利润、增加收入，词源义为“有收益的；有用的”。后拼写受 prove 影响俗化。引申词义“改进；改善”。
vt & vi 改善；提高：
perform & performance
“A Buddism godness Guanyin Bodhisattva” is the Chinese national cultural heritage of mankind. It is ______ (perform) by disabled _______ (perform). The ________ (perform) moved the whole China.
performed
performers
performance
vt 做；履行；执行 to do sth, especially sth difficult or useful (carry out)：
perform an experiment / an operation / a miracle
You should perform your duties / promise.
vt & vi 表演；演出：
I’ve never seen a Shakespeare’s play performed so wonderfully.
vi 表现；运转：
He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.
The machine is performing very poorly.
perform v 学术词汇
日常英语中更常用carry out
做
（基本义）
做；履行；执行
表演；演出
做演出之类的事情（人）
做事情
（人）
表现；运转
perform 语义网络
人做事情 / 机器运作的结果
由具象到抽象
[C] 表演；演出：
give a live performance
put on a performance of Hamlet
[C] & [U] 表现；业绩：
academic performance
My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic about my future. 2014 安徽
He criticized the recent poor performance of the company.
performance n
performer n [C] 表演者；执行者
exchange 的词源义是“act of reciprocal giving and receiving”。它是由前缀 ex- (out) 和 change 组成，可以理解为“拿……出去换成……”，其基本义是 “交换” 。
在原始社会，人们 “物物交换”，交换自己所需要的物资。但是有时候受到用于交换的物资种类的限制，不得不寻找一种能够为交换双方都能够接受的物品，这种物品就是最原始的货币。随着商品生产和交易量逐渐增大，商人们为了谈生意就必须商定一个固定的地点定期会见，就产生了“交易所”。
express
explain
表达
解释
ex- 意为“out 向外”
ex- + change =？
exchange
■ n
[C] & [U] 交换；交流：
an exchange student
Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera
[C] (商品的) 调换：
The store’s policy is not to allow returns or exchanges.
foreign exchange
[U] (货币的) 兑换：
[C] 交易所：
New York Stock Exchange
人与人或物与物之间的“交换”
商品之间的“交换”
货币之间的“交换”
exchange语义网络图
交换；交流
(商品的) 调换
(货币的) 兑换
交易所
n
v
交换；交流
更换；兑换
交换
基本义
exchange
“交换”的场所
交换；交流：
exchange views / ideas
Before graduation, students exchange presents with each other.
■ vt
“交换”时与 with 搭配
“更换”时与 for 搭配
更换；兑换 (change)：
I’d like to exchange this dress for one in a larger size.
You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.
拓展
这是特朗普和希拉里在2016年竞选美国总统时的情形。据说这是美国史上最没底线的总统大选辩论。Why 因为Trump and Clinton exchanged heavily in personal attacks.
exchange的意义由交换具体的人或物到交换抽象的东西如思想或信息的转变。如果双方心平气和地交换思想或信息，可称为“交流”。如果双方怒气冲冲地交换的内容是人身攻击 (personal attacks)，严肃的说法是“争论”，通俗的说法是“互撕”。
frightened adj 受惊的；害怕的 afraid; feeling fear：
Frightened children were calling for their mothers.
be frightened of (doing) sth:
Are you frightened of thunder
I’m frightened of walking home alone at midnight.
【分词形容词】
frightening adj 令人害怕的；吓人的 making you feel afraid ：
a frightening experience / thought
用括号内单词的适当形式填空，体会分词形容词。
1. This story is _________ (interest) and fun for the whole family to enjoy. (2014 全国)
2. I’m really ________ (interest) in this position and hope I can work for you. (2014 辽宁)
3. They say it’s _______ (bore) to hear the same songs all the time.
4. _______ (bore) with life in the city, he moved to a village.
5. Starting university can be exciting, and can also be _______ (worry).
5. She was very _______ (worry) about her sick mother.
interested
interesting
Bored
boring
worried
worrying
分词形容词：很多动词的-ing分词和-ed分词已经成为独立词条的形容词，甚至有些分词形容词比其动词形式更为常用。例如：interested / interesting, excited / exciting, bored / boring, surprised / surprising, worried / worrying, tired / tiring, frightened / freighting
将上面的分词形容词分类：
表示人的感受：
表示人/物给人带来的感受：
interested, excited, bored, worried, tired, frightened
interesting, exciting, boring, worrying, tiring, frightening
随堂检测
一、根据所给汉语及提示，用opportunity的词块完成下列句子。
1. Games and songs provide the _________________ (理想的机会) for classroom interaction and language development.
2. There’ll be plenty of ___________________________________________
(放松的机会) once the work is done.
3. We should _____________________ (抓住每次机会) to widen our experience.
二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽量多听英语。(opportunity)
______________________________________________________________
2. 我要借此机会对你们的辛勤工作表示感谢。(take the opportunity to do sth)
______________________________________________________________
opportunity
(an) opportunity / opportunities for relaxing / to relax
perfect opportunity
seize every opportunity
To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as we can.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank you for all your hard work.
一、写出下列句子中view的汉语释义。
1. I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. (2014 全国) __________
2. Do you agree with the grandfather’s view on life (2015 天津) __________
3. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable. (2016 全国) __________
4. On these sites, a student can view numerous photos and art pieces from different mediums. (2011 湖南) __________
5. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. (2016 全国) __________
视野；视线
视作
看；观看
观点
眼界
view
二、写出下列短语的英语形式。
1. 挡住某人的视线 ___________________
2. 映入眼帘 __________________
3. 人生观 ___________________
4. 鉴于；考虑到 ___________________
三、将下列句子译成英语。
1. 关于这个话题，我们有不同的观点。
We have ______________________ the subject.
2. 在我看来，人和人之间没有什么差别。
_____________________________, there is no difference between one person and another.
block sb’s view
come into view
view of life
in view of
different views on / about
From my point of view / In my view
graduate
在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated _________ medical school. (2013 全国)
2. After _________ (graduate), she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. (2020 山东)
3. Like many new _________ (graduate), I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. (2014 广东)
from
graduation
graduates
翻译下列词块。
1. 丧失视力 ________________________
2. 一见钟情 / 一见倾心 ________________________
3. 相看两生厌 ________________________
4. 出现在视线中 ________________________
5. 一副惨兮兮的样子 ________________________
6. 壮观的景象 ________________________
sight
lose sb’s sight
love at first sight
can’t stand the sight of sb
come into sight
a sorry / pitiful sight
an impressive / a splendid sight
figure
一、根据句意写出figure的汉语释义。
__________ 1. As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. (2016 北京书面表达)
__________ 2. The way you design your home may have an effect on your figure. (2015 全国)
__________ 3. It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly. (2011 北京)
人物
身材
数字
二、完成句子。
1. ___________________________ (当一名公众人物) today is a lot more difficult than it used to be. (2013 北京)
2. In order to ___________________________ (有一个好身材), most women try everything to lose weight.
Being a public figure
have a good figure
用所给单词或词块的正确形式替换画线部分，使句意保持不变。1. In his speech, hereferred toa recent trip to Canada.__________2. When you meet with a new word, you canrefer toa dictionary.__________3. The term “multitasking”referredtoa computer’s ability to carry out several tasks at one time._________mentionedlook it up inmeantmean, look it up in, mentionrefer to一、在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It was a real struggle ___________ (be) ready on time.
2. India attained independence in 1947, after _________ long struggle. (2013 全国)
3. Many students will struggle _________ (find) a sense of belonging after entering college. (2016 北京改)
4. Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle _________ money. (2011 安徽阅读)
5. His hands tell the story of his life as a farmer, including all his _________ (struggle). (2013 天津完形)
a
to be
to find
struggle
for
struggles
二、翻译下列句子。1. In 1862 the American slaves won their struggle for freedom.________________________________________________2.It was a hard struggle to get my work done in time.________________________________________________3. 千千万万的人在挣扎求存。________________________________________________Millions of people are struggling for survival.为按时完成工作，我做了一番努力。1862年美国黑奴赢得了争取自由的斗争。improve
翻译下列句子。
1. 他在学校的表现进步很大。
__________________________________
2. 我们相信，通过我们进一步的努力环境将会得到改善。
_______________________________________________
3.我已经很努力来提高英语水平。
__________________________________
His performance at school has greatly improved.
We are confident that the environment will be improved by our further efforts.
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English.
一、用perform的正确形式完成下列句子。
1. The star ____________ of the match was Bill Holland who scored 26 points.
2. The orchestra that gave an impressive ____________ tonight will be _____________ at the Silver Palace next week.
3. No matter how frequently _____________, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
performer
performance
performing
performed
perform & performance
二、根据所给汉语提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. My _____________________ (良好表现) in the job interview left me optimistic about my future and about what I can do here. (2014 安徽)
2. The musician has _____________________ (举办了十场演出) in the last three months. (2019 江苏改)
given ten performances
good performance
一、在括号内填入适当的介词。
1. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _______ other food. (2015 广东)
2. I’ll type your report if you look after my baby ______ exchange.
3. If you have a book and don’t want to keep it, you can exchange it ______ me. (2012 重庆)
4. This exchange ________ greetings raised the kids’ productivity. (2009 山东)
exchange
基础训练
for
in
with
of
二、将下列短语译成英语。
1. 交换生 _______________________________________
2. 互换电话号码 __________________________________
3. 将美元换成英镑 __________________________________
an exchange student / exchange students
exchange telephone numbers /
the exchange of telephone numbers
exchange dollars for pounds
三、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Mike Perry and Max Griffin have a heated exchange on social media. __________
2. I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager. __________
3. Several people were killed during the exchange of fire. __________
4. There was a brief exchange between the two leaders. __________
能力提升
激烈的争论
交谈 / 交流了几句
交火
交谈
谢
谢
观
赏