人教版（2019）必修二 Unit 4 History and traditions 课文详解课件（46张ppt)
文档属性
| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修二 Unit 4 History and traditions 课文详解课件（46张ppt) |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 41.2MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-02-25 22:20:03 | ||
图片预览
内容文字预览
(共46张PPT)
UNIT 4 : HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
课文详解
新人教版2019必修二
A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
——Marcus Garvey
What’s in a Name (P40)
Beautiful Ireland and its Traditions (P44)
Reading and Writing (P82)
Samovar—the Special Teapot (P84)
目
录
What’s in a Name
Reading and Thinking
What’s in a Name
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
名为何物？
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。如果这些名称有区别的话，那么它们的区别何在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
mean
常用释义 v. 1. 表示…的意思 2. 意味着 3. 打算
adj. 1. 小气的 2. 卑鄙的
词性转换 meaning n. 意思
meaningful adj. 有意义的
meaningless adj. 无意义的
重点短语 mean doing 意味着
mean to do打算做
be meant to do 旨在
be meant for 为…准备的
if any
if any 一般和和表示数量的否定词相对应，如few , little等（高中很多题目的考察都是和few相对应），一般翻译为“如果有（一些）的话”
if ever 一般和表示频率的否定副词相对应，如hardly, rarely等，一般翻译成“如果曾经发生过，如果曾经有过”
if anything 尤用于否定句后，对所说之事进行补充说明甚至正相反，甚至还不如说
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，在十八世纪，苏格兰加入了进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，一起组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了我们如今所看到的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
broke away from
break away逃脱，挣脱
break away from… 脱离/摆脱…
break down(车、机器)坏了；(人)崩溃；破裂；瓦解、分解
break in闯入，破门而入；插嘴
break into… 闯入…/打断(谈话)
break into laughter/tears突然笑/哭
break sb of… 除掉某人的(坏习惯)
break off折断，使中断
break out(战争、火灾、地震等)爆发
break through突破
break up分解，拆散，解散，驱散
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有相同的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗（称为“英国国旗”）。然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰在教育和法律制度上都存在着差异。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有各自的足球队，参加像“世界杯”之类的赛事！
own
adj. 自己的 vt. 有，拥有
派生： owner cn. 物主，所有人
搭配：sth. of one's own = one's own sth. 属于某人自己的...
熟词生义：
on one's own 独自地，独立地
e.g. He lives on his own.
认领；承认…是(作者、主人等)：
e.g. He owned that boy as his child.
控制；支配：
e.g. She could own the income of their family well.
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你进一步了解这个国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。第一批是罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立城镇和修建道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国。他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式
长难句分析
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.
英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你进一步了解这个国家及其传统。
定语从句
The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了许多新的词汇，并给英国境地内的许多地方命名。最后一批是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。诺曼人是法国人，因此英语中慢慢加入了许多法语单词。
conquered
vt.征服，战胜，占领
eg.conquered peoples/races/territories 被征服的民族/种族/地区
同近义词：
defeat/master 战胜，征服；攻克
vi.克服，破除(坏习惯等)
eg.The world champion conquered yet another challenger last night. 这位世界冠军昨晚又战胜了一个挑战者。
同近义词：
overcome/win the day 胜利；得胜
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。研究这个国家的历史将让你的英国之旅更加愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站是一个不错的选择，因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。这里有数不胜数的历史遗迹可供游览，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存。如果留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止
长难句分析
The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
以首都伦敦为第一站是一个不错的选择，因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
原因状语从句
定语从句
现在分词做后置定语
Beautiful Ireland and its Traditions
Reading for Writing
Beautiful Ireland and its Traditions
Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets. Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald IsIe” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.
美丽的爱尔兰及其传统
一直以来，爱尔兰美丽的乡村对其人民和传统产生着深远的影响。爱尔兰有着孕育杰出作家和诗人的悠久传统。美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。海边波浪咆哮，海鸟鸣叫，奏响了海岸交响乐
长难句分析
Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses.
美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。
现在分词做后置定语
sense
常用释义
n. 1. 五种感官 2. 意识；感受 3. 理解力；判断力 4.见识；通情达理5. 心智；理智 6. 意思；意义
v. 感觉到；觉察到
词形变化
adj. sensible 明智的；合理的；可觉察到的
adj. sensitive 敏感的；易受影响的；善解人意的；灵敏的
adj. senseless 失去知觉的；无意义的；不明智的
sense
重点用法
in a sense 从某种意义上
in no sense 绝不
make sense 讲得通；有道理；合乎情理
make sense of 弄懂...的意思
be sensitive to 对...敏感
There’s no sense in doing sth 做某事是没有道理的
长难句分析
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald IsIe” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
with的复合结构
On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining. To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew. If you’re lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.
山里宁静的早晨，感受阳光照在你身上，呼吸着鲜花的芬芳，鸟儿用清晨的歌声来迎接新的一天的到来。这般美景，造就了爱尔兰音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等独有的民间传统也就不足为奇了。要想体验这一切，可以去一家乡村酒吧，喝上一杯葡萄酒或本地的啤酒放松一下。更为美妙的是，可品尝美味的爱尔兰传统炖牛肉。如果运气好的话，你也许还可以欣赏到传统的音乐和舞蹈。向友善的当地人做个自我介绍，你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。
长难句分析
With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.
这般美景，造就了爱尔兰音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等独有的民间传统也就不足为奇了。
主语从句
定语从句
Reading and Writing
Workbook-reading
Hi Mum and Dad!
Well，here we are in Cario at last. We managed to find a cheap hostel just a stone's throw away from the famous River Nile. The Egyptian Museum is nearby，too. We saw lots of ancient mummies and also Tutankhamun's mask—made of pure gold! We took a tour to the Pyramids yesterday. They let us ride up to the pyramids on camels—it felt just like a movie!
爸爸妈妈好！
好了，我们终于到开罗了。我们设法找到一家便宜的旅馆，离著名的尼罗河只有一箭之遥。埃及博物馆也在附近。我们看到了许多古代木乃伊，还有图坦卡蒙的面具-由纯金制成的！我们昨天游览了金字塔。他们让我们骑骆驼上金字塔的——感觉就像一部电影
took a tour to
重点用法
take one's advice 听从某人劝告
take out 拿出，取出
take down 拿下
take place 发生
take one's place 坐……的座位，代替某人
take the place of 代替……
take a walk/rest 散步/休息
took a tour to
重点用法
take it easy 别紧张
take sth.with sb. 随身带着......
take sb. to sp for one's holidays 带某人去某地度假
take care of 关心，照顾，保管
take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼)
take an exam 参加考试
take away 拿走
took a tour to
重点用法
take back 收回，带回
take hold of 抓住……
take off 脱下(衣，帽，鞋等)；拿掉；（飞机等）起飞
take (an active) part in (积极)参加......
take photos 拍照
take some medicine 服药
take a bus/train/boat 乘公共汽车/火车/船
This morning, we explored an old market area. It was very atmospheric and filled with lots of interesting things. I bought a beautiful necklace for you, Mum —it looks just like one that Queen Clepatra would have worn! Anyway,we're going out to eat some more of Egypt's national dish now.It's made with rice ,so you'd really like it.Dad! Visting Cario has been an unforgettable experience, even with the terrible heat! See ya!
Love,Cleo
今天早上，我们探索了一处旧市场，那里非常有气氛，有各种有趣的东西。妈妈，我给你买了一条漂亮的项链——看起来就像是克莱帕特拉女王曾戴过的那样！不管怎样，我们现在要去吃更多的埃及国菜了。它是用大米做的，所以你一定会喜欢的。爸爸！游览开罗真是一次难忘的经历，即使天气很炎热！再见！
爱你的，克莱
Hi from Athens，John！There is just so much ancient history to explore here. My first stop was Acropolis. What a place —I never realised the columns would be so big! The old quarter of Plaka is just like a paiting —little streets of houses on hills, all painted white and blue. I go there every night and find a little restaurant to try some traditional Greek food. After my meal, I always order a lovely Greek coffee and just soak up the atmosphere. Tomorrow, I'm going to see the changing of the guard. I can't wait to take a selfie with them —and their funny shoes! Take care!
Sally
你好，雅典的约翰！这里有太多的古代历史可以探索。我的第一站是雅典卫城。真是个好地方，我从来没想到柱子会这么大！普拉卡的老城区就像一幅图画——山丘上有房屋组成的小街，全都漆成了白色和蓝色。我每天晚上都会去那里，找一个小餐馆尝尝传统的希腊菜。饭后，我总是点一杯可爱的希腊咖啡，感受一下这里的气氛。明天，我要去看换岗。我等不及要和他们自拍了——还有他们有趣的鞋子！保重！
莎丽
Samovar—the Special Teapot
Expanding Your World
Samovar—the Special Teapot
Hello, my speech today is about a very special teapot--the samovar! It’s a traditional Russian water boiler that can also brew tea. It played a big part in Russian history and was a central part of Russian family life for a very long time. I know this because there is a very old samovar in my home that we treasure dearly. It belonged to my great-grandmother’s great-grandmother, and the story of how she bought it has been passed down from generation to generation along with the samovar. So let me tell you how this samovar became part of our family.
萨莫瓦尔—特殊的茶壶
大家好，今天我的演讲是关于一个特殊的茶壶——萨莫瓦尔！它是一个传统的俄式烧水器，当然可以煮茶。萨莫瓦尔在俄罗斯历史上起过重要作用，且很长一段时间在俄罗斯家庭生活中都是至关重要的物件。我之所以了解，是因为我家有一个受到全家相当珍视的古老的萨摩瓦尔。我家的萨莫瓦尔是从曾祖母的曾祖母那里传下来的，并且，她买萨莫瓦尔的故事连同萨摩瓦尔在我家代代相传。据此，就让我来告诉大家吧，这个萨摩瓦尔是如何成为了我们家的一员
brew
1.vt. & vi. 调制,酿造 2.vt. & vi. 酝酿,图谋
派生：brewer n.啤酒公司 brewery n.啤酒厂
同义：prepare；scheme；ferment；brewage
搭配：brew beer 酿制啤酒brew coffee 泡咖啡
brew mischief 图谋捣蛋brew a pot of tea 泡茶
brew trouble 酿祸
brew up ①酿(酒); 泡,沏(茶) ②酿成,逐渐出现
Almost 200 years ago, my great-grandmother’s great-grandmother was trying to survive yet another freezing Russian winter when she heard about a new invention called a “samovar”, which means “self-boiler” in Russian. In her family, they could only boil water on their big stove. The new samovar could make hot water much easier and could be transported anywhere, not to mention that it required much less fuel.
大约200年前，我曾祖母的曾祖母正努力地在又一个俄罗斯寒冬中熬着，当时，她听说有一个新发明的东西，叫“萨莫瓦尔”，俄语就是“自动锅炉”。当时，在曾祖母的曾祖母家，他们只能在家里的大炉子上烧水。这个新的萨摩瓦尔烧热水更简单，且可方便携带到各处，况且所需燃料更少
Although they were poor, they decided to use their savings to invest in a samovar. So early one cold winter morning, she set out to a distant town. After four hours of struggling through snow, she found the town and quickly bundled her new samovar into her sack and hurried home. The samovar was then proudly placed in her main room and has been in use by my family ever since.
尽管家里很穷，曾祖母的曾祖母家还是决定要用省下来的钱买一个萨莫瓦尔。一个寒冷的冬日清晨，曾祖母的曾祖母出发前往远方的镇上。在风雪中跋涉四个小时后，她到达了镇上并很快买了一个萨莫瓦尔，用袋子装好便匆匆赶回家。此后，这个萨莫瓦尔就一直被放置在客厅中的显眼位置，日复一日供我家人使用
bundled
bundle : n.[C]捆,包,束vt. & vi. 收集,归拢,把…塞入
同义：
bunch；parcel；bind；bunch；parcel；tie
搭配：
a bundle of nerves 神经极度紧张
bundle away (使)匆匆离去
bundle into ①匆匆把…送进… ②胡乱把…放入
bundle off 寄走(包裹等)
bundle up ①捆(包等) ②(使)穿得暖暖的
The samovar tea-making process is quite special and has two stages. First, a teapot containing lots of tea leaves and a little water is placed on top of the samovar. As the concentrate is poured into cups, after which water from inside the samovar is added by using the tap. In contrast to special tea ceremonies that can be found in countries like China, the samovar is much less reserved and is traditionally enjoyed with a few sweet snacks.
萨莫瓦尔的制茶过程非常特别，分为两个阶段。第一步，装有大量茶叶和一些水的茶壶被放置在萨莫瓦尔的顶部。当萨莫瓦尔加热时，茶壶就会产生浓郁浓缩茶。第二步，浓缩茶被倒进杯子里，之后，再将萨莫瓦尔里的水通过小水龙头倒进杯子里泡茶。相比有些国家，比如中国，有着特别的饮茶仪式，萨莫瓦尔更不内敛，传统上伴有几样甜点。
This is a little similar to the British tradition of an informal cup of tea served with snacks. However, with the samovar, tea is usually taken without milk, and sugar is not placed in the cup but rather in the drinker’s mouth, to be slowly melted away by the warm tea.
这与英国传统的非正式茶点有些许相似之处。不过，因着萨莫瓦尔，饮茶通常不伴牛奶，而且糖也不放在杯里，而宁可放在饮者嘴里，让温热的茶水慢慢融化
In closing, in my opinion, regardless of how it is made, one thing is for sure: Tea makes the world go round! Invented in China, it breaks through cultural barriers and provides great relief after a hard day’s work. Every time we have a special occasion in my family, out comes the family samovar. The samovar symbolizes happiness, and that’s one thing that i want to keep in my family forever.
最后，在我看来，不管怎样，有一点是可以肯定的：茶，使世界运转了起来。茶起始于中国，但突破了文化的障碍；在一天的劳作之后能给人以很大的慰藉。在我们家，每逢特别时刻，这个家传的萨莫瓦尔就会出场。萨莫瓦尔象征着幸福，它也是在我想永远珍藏在我们家的一件物品
THANK YOU !
课文详解
新人教版2019必修二
UNIT 4 : HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
课文详解
新人教版2019必修二
A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.
——Marcus Garvey
What’s in a Name (P40)
Beautiful Ireland and its Traditions (P44)
Reading and Writing (P82)
Samovar—the Special Teapot (P84)
目
录
What’s in a Name
Reading and Thinking
What’s in a Name
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
名为何物？
联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。如果这些名称有区别的话，那么它们的区别何在？稍微了解一下英国历史，就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。
mean
常用释义 v. 1. 表示…的意思 2. 意味着 3. 打算
adj. 1. 小气的 2. 卑鄙的
词性转换 meaning n. 意思
meaningful adj. 有意义的
meaningless adj. 无意义的
重点短语 mean doing 意味着
mean to do打算做
be meant to do 旨在
be meant for 为…准备的
if any
if any 一般和和表示数量的否定词相对应，如few , little等（高中很多题目的考察都是和few相对应），一般翻译为“如果有（一些）的话”
if ever 一般和表示频率的否定副词相对应，如hardly, rarely等，一般翻译成“如果曾经发生过，如果曾经有过”
if anything 尤用于否定句后，对所说之事进行补充说明甚至正相反，甚至还不如说
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
十六世纪时，邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后，在十八世纪，苏格兰加入了进来，从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时，爱尔兰王国加入，一起组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了我们如今所看到的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。联合王国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
broke away from
break away逃脱，挣脱
break away from… 脱离/摆脱…
break down(车、机器)坏了；(人)崩溃；破裂；瓦解、分解
break in闯入，破门而入；插嘴
break into… 闯入…/打断(谈话)
break into laughter/tears突然笑/哭
break sb of… 除掉某人的(坏习惯)
break off折断，使中断
break out(战争、火灾、地震等)爆发
break through突破
break up分解，拆散，解散，驱散
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。像拥有相同的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗（称为“英国国旗”）。然而，它们之间仍有诸多区别。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰在教育和法律制度上都存在着差异。它们也有各自的传统，比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有各自的足球队，参加像“世界杯”之类的赛事！
own
adj. 自己的 vt. 有，拥有
派生： owner cn. 物主，所有人
搭配：sth. of one's own = one's own sth. 属于某人自己的...
熟词生义：
on one's own 独自地，独立地
e.g. He lives on his own.
认领；承认…是(作者、主人等)：
e.g. He owned that boy as his child.
控制；支配：
e.g. She could own the income of their family well.
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你进一步了解这个国家及其传统。英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。第一批是罗马人，于公元一世纪进入英国。罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立城镇和修建道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人，于公元五世纪到达英国。他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式
长难句分析
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.
英国历史源远流长、别有趣味，等待你去探索，帮助你进一步了解这个国家及其传统。
定语从句
The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language.
维京人于公元八世纪到来，留下了许多新的词汇，并给英国境地内的许多地方命名。最后一批是诺曼人。十一世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。诺曼人是法国人，因此英语中慢慢加入了许多法语单词。
conquered
vt.征服，战胜，占领
eg.conquered peoples/races/territories 被征服的民族/种族/地区
同近义词：
defeat/master 战胜，征服；攻克
vi.克服，破除(坏习惯等)
eg.The world champion conquered yet another challenger last night. 这位世界冠军昨晚又战胜了一个挑战者。
同近义词：
overcome/win the day 胜利；得胜
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。研究这个国家的历史将让你的英国之旅更加愉快。以首都伦敦为第一站是一个不错的选择，因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。这里有数不胜数的历史遗迹可供游览，还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。在英国，历史与现代文化交融，新旧传统并存。如果留心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你的面前，令你叹为观止
长难句分析
The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
以首都伦敦为第一站是一个不错的选择，因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
原因状语从句
定语从句
现在分词做后置定语
Beautiful Ireland and its Traditions
Reading for Writing
Beautiful Ireland and its Traditions
Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions. The country has a long history of producing great writers and poets. Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald IsIe” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.
美丽的爱尔兰及其传统
一直以来，爱尔兰美丽的乡村对其人民和传统产生着深远的影响。爱尔兰有着孕育杰出作家和诗人的悠久传统。美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。海边波浪咆哮，海鸟鸣叫，奏响了海岸交响乐
长难句分析
Its beautiful countryside excites and inspires all, offering something for each of the senses.
美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。
现在分词做后置定语
sense
常用释义
n. 1. 五种感官 2. 意识；感受 3. 理解力；判断力 4.见识；通情达理5. 心智；理智 6. 意思；意义
v. 感觉到；觉察到
词形变化
adj. sensible 明智的；合理的；可觉察到的
adj. sensitive 敏感的；易受影响的；善解人意的；灵敏的
adj. senseless 失去知觉的；无意义的；不明智的
sense
重点用法
in a sense 从某种意义上
in no sense 绝不
make sense 讲得通；有道理；合乎情理
make sense of 弄懂...的意思
be sensitive to 对...敏感
There’s no sense in doing sth 做某事是没有道理的
长难句分析
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald IsIe” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
with的复合结构
On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining. To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer. Better yet, enjoy a delicious traditional Irish Beef Stew. If you’re lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.
山里宁静的早晨，感受阳光照在你身上，呼吸着鲜花的芬芳，鸟儿用清晨的歌声来迎接新的一天的到来。这般美景，造就了爱尔兰音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等独有的民间传统也就不足为奇了。要想体验这一切，可以去一家乡村酒吧，喝上一杯葡萄酒或本地的啤酒放松一下。更为美妙的是，可品尝美味的爱尔兰传统炖牛肉。如果运气好的话，你也许还可以欣赏到传统的音乐和舞蹈。向友善的当地人做个自我介绍，你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。
长难句分析
With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.
这般美景，造就了爱尔兰音乐、舞蹈及菜肴等独有的民间传统也就不足为奇了。
主语从句
定语从句
Reading and Writing
Workbook-reading
Hi Mum and Dad!
Well，here we are in Cario at last. We managed to find a cheap hostel just a stone's throw away from the famous River Nile. The Egyptian Museum is nearby，too. We saw lots of ancient mummies and also Tutankhamun's mask—made of pure gold! We took a tour to the Pyramids yesterday. They let us ride up to the pyramids on camels—it felt just like a movie!
爸爸妈妈好！
好了，我们终于到开罗了。我们设法找到一家便宜的旅馆，离著名的尼罗河只有一箭之遥。埃及博物馆也在附近。我们看到了许多古代木乃伊，还有图坦卡蒙的面具-由纯金制成的！我们昨天游览了金字塔。他们让我们骑骆驼上金字塔的——感觉就像一部电影
took a tour to
重点用法
take one's advice 听从某人劝告
take out 拿出，取出
take down 拿下
take place 发生
take one's place 坐……的座位，代替某人
take the place of 代替……
take a walk/rest 散步/休息
took a tour to
重点用法
take it easy 别紧张
take sth.with sb. 随身带着......
take sb. to sp for one's holidays 带某人去某地度假
take care of 关心，照顾，保管
take a look (a last look) at 看一看(最后看一眼)
take an exam 参加考试
take away 拿走
took a tour to
重点用法
take back 收回，带回
take hold of 抓住……
take off 脱下(衣，帽，鞋等)；拿掉；（飞机等）起飞
take (an active) part in (积极)参加......
take photos 拍照
take some medicine 服药
take a bus/train/boat 乘公共汽车/火车/船
This morning, we explored an old market area. It was very atmospheric and filled with lots of interesting things. I bought a beautiful necklace for you, Mum —it looks just like one that Queen Clepatra would have worn! Anyway,we're going out to eat some more of Egypt's national dish now.It's made with rice ,so you'd really like it.Dad! Visting Cario has been an unforgettable experience, even with the terrible heat! See ya!
Love,Cleo
今天早上，我们探索了一处旧市场，那里非常有气氛，有各种有趣的东西。妈妈，我给你买了一条漂亮的项链——看起来就像是克莱帕特拉女王曾戴过的那样！不管怎样，我们现在要去吃更多的埃及国菜了。它是用大米做的，所以你一定会喜欢的。爸爸！游览开罗真是一次难忘的经历，即使天气很炎热！再见！
爱你的，克莱
Hi from Athens，John！There is just so much ancient history to explore here. My first stop was Acropolis. What a place —I never realised the columns would be so big! The old quarter of Plaka is just like a paiting —little streets of houses on hills, all painted white and blue. I go there every night and find a little restaurant to try some traditional Greek food. After my meal, I always order a lovely Greek coffee and just soak up the atmosphere. Tomorrow, I'm going to see the changing of the guard. I can't wait to take a selfie with them —and their funny shoes! Take care!
Sally
你好，雅典的约翰！这里有太多的古代历史可以探索。我的第一站是雅典卫城。真是个好地方，我从来没想到柱子会这么大！普拉卡的老城区就像一幅图画——山丘上有房屋组成的小街，全都漆成了白色和蓝色。我每天晚上都会去那里，找一个小餐馆尝尝传统的希腊菜。饭后，我总是点一杯可爱的希腊咖啡，感受一下这里的气氛。明天，我要去看换岗。我等不及要和他们自拍了——还有他们有趣的鞋子！保重！
莎丽
Samovar—the Special Teapot
Expanding Your World
Samovar—the Special Teapot
Hello, my speech today is about a very special teapot--the samovar! It’s a traditional Russian water boiler that can also brew tea. It played a big part in Russian history and was a central part of Russian family life for a very long time. I know this because there is a very old samovar in my home that we treasure dearly. It belonged to my great-grandmother’s great-grandmother, and the story of how she bought it has been passed down from generation to generation along with the samovar. So let me tell you how this samovar became part of our family.
萨莫瓦尔—特殊的茶壶
大家好，今天我的演讲是关于一个特殊的茶壶——萨莫瓦尔！它是一个传统的俄式烧水器，当然可以煮茶。萨莫瓦尔在俄罗斯历史上起过重要作用，且很长一段时间在俄罗斯家庭生活中都是至关重要的物件。我之所以了解，是因为我家有一个受到全家相当珍视的古老的萨摩瓦尔。我家的萨莫瓦尔是从曾祖母的曾祖母那里传下来的，并且，她买萨莫瓦尔的故事连同萨摩瓦尔在我家代代相传。据此，就让我来告诉大家吧，这个萨摩瓦尔是如何成为了我们家的一员
brew
1.vt. & vi. 调制,酿造 2.vt. & vi. 酝酿,图谋
派生：brewer n.啤酒公司 brewery n.啤酒厂
同义：prepare；scheme；ferment；brewage
搭配：brew beer 酿制啤酒brew coffee 泡咖啡
brew mischief 图谋捣蛋brew a pot of tea 泡茶
brew trouble 酿祸
brew up ①酿(酒); 泡,沏(茶) ②酿成,逐渐出现
Almost 200 years ago, my great-grandmother’s great-grandmother was trying to survive yet another freezing Russian winter when she heard about a new invention called a “samovar”, which means “self-boiler” in Russian. In her family, they could only boil water on their big stove. The new samovar could make hot water much easier and could be transported anywhere, not to mention that it required much less fuel.
大约200年前，我曾祖母的曾祖母正努力地在又一个俄罗斯寒冬中熬着，当时，她听说有一个新发明的东西，叫“萨莫瓦尔”，俄语就是“自动锅炉”。当时，在曾祖母的曾祖母家，他们只能在家里的大炉子上烧水。这个新的萨摩瓦尔烧热水更简单，且可方便携带到各处，况且所需燃料更少
Although they were poor, they decided to use their savings to invest in a samovar. So early one cold winter morning, she set out to a distant town. After four hours of struggling through snow, she found the town and quickly bundled her new samovar into her sack and hurried home. The samovar was then proudly placed in her main room and has been in use by my family ever since.
尽管家里很穷，曾祖母的曾祖母家还是决定要用省下来的钱买一个萨莫瓦尔。一个寒冷的冬日清晨，曾祖母的曾祖母出发前往远方的镇上。在风雪中跋涉四个小时后，她到达了镇上并很快买了一个萨莫瓦尔，用袋子装好便匆匆赶回家。此后，这个萨莫瓦尔就一直被放置在客厅中的显眼位置，日复一日供我家人使用
bundled
bundle : n.[C]捆,包,束vt. & vi. 收集,归拢,把…塞入
同义：
bunch；parcel；bind；bunch；parcel；tie
搭配：
a bundle of nerves 神经极度紧张
bundle away (使)匆匆离去
bundle into ①匆匆把…送进… ②胡乱把…放入
bundle off 寄走(包裹等)
bundle up ①捆(包等) ②(使)穿得暖暖的
The samovar tea-making process is quite special and has two stages. First, a teapot containing lots of tea leaves and a little water is placed on top of the samovar. As the concentrate is poured into cups, after which water from inside the samovar is added by using the tap. In contrast to special tea ceremonies that can be found in countries like China, the samovar is much less reserved and is traditionally enjoyed with a few sweet snacks.
萨莫瓦尔的制茶过程非常特别，分为两个阶段。第一步，装有大量茶叶和一些水的茶壶被放置在萨莫瓦尔的顶部。当萨莫瓦尔加热时，茶壶就会产生浓郁浓缩茶。第二步，浓缩茶被倒进杯子里，之后，再将萨莫瓦尔里的水通过小水龙头倒进杯子里泡茶。相比有些国家，比如中国，有着特别的饮茶仪式，萨莫瓦尔更不内敛，传统上伴有几样甜点。
This is a little similar to the British tradition of an informal cup of tea served with snacks. However, with the samovar, tea is usually taken without milk, and sugar is not placed in the cup but rather in the drinker’s mouth, to be slowly melted away by the warm tea.
这与英国传统的非正式茶点有些许相似之处。不过，因着萨莫瓦尔，饮茶通常不伴牛奶，而且糖也不放在杯里，而宁可放在饮者嘴里，让温热的茶水慢慢融化
In closing, in my opinion, regardless of how it is made, one thing is for sure: Tea makes the world go round! Invented in China, it breaks through cultural barriers and provides great relief after a hard day’s work. Every time we have a special occasion in my family, out comes the family samovar. The samovar symbolizes happiness, and that’s one thing that i want to keep in my family forever.
最后，在我看来，不管怎样，有一点是可以肯定的：茶，使世界运转了起来。茶起始于中国，但突破了文化的障碍；在一天的劳作之后能给人以很大的慰藉。在我们家，每逢特别时刻，这个家传的萨莫瓦尔就会出场。萨莫瓦尔象征着幸福，它也是在我想永远珍藏在我们家的一件物品
THANK YOU !
课文详解
新人教版2019必修二