外研版（2019）高中英语必修第一册 Unit 4 Friends forever Developing ideas 词汇精讲课堂课件（37张）

(共37张PPT)
版本：新外研
单元：必修一 Unit 4 (Developing ideas)
词
汇
课
堂
本单元词汇梳理
1. fortune：词源：fortune源自幸运女神的名字Fortuna。
词族：fortune, fortunate, fortunately, unfortunate, unfortunately, misfortune
词块：make a / one fortune, good fortune
2. ought to：ought (not) to do sth, ought to have done
3. correspond：com- (together 共同) + respond (to answer 答复) →
共同答复 → 通信
词块：correspond with sb (= write letters to sb)
4. turn up：通过up (向上) 理解
5. appointed：appoint — appointed (分词形容词)
词块：at the appointed time
6. strike：一词多义：基本义“击打”
词块：strike a match, it strikes sb that, go on strike
7. scene：一词多义：基本义“场景”；熟词生义“圈子”
词块：on the scene；派生词：scenery
8. bitterly：bitter + -ly
9. ashamed：词块：be ashamed of, be ashamed to do sth
10. unfold：un- + fold
11. location：词族：locate, located, location
12. surroundings：词族：surround, surrounding, surroundings
13. personality：个性；词族：person, personal, personally, personality
14. atmosphere：词块：create an atmosphere of
抽象名词
turn up
一词多义
词族
重难点词
精讲
strike
fortune
一词多义
scene
一词多义
熟词生义
一词多义
名词动词化
话题词汇
Fortune 500
“世界500强”是中国人对美国《财富》(Fortune) 杂志每年评选的“全球最大五百家公司”排行榜的一种约定俗成的叫法。公司盈利多是跻身世界500强的先决条件，而fortune有“(大量) 财产；
大笔钱”的含义，这也是用Fortune 500来表达世界500强的原因。
世界500强
词源故事
福尔图娜（Fortuna）是罗马神话中的命运女神。她主管人和国家的命运。她的形象一般为一手执羊角，象征丰饶和财富，一手执车轮，象征命运的变迁兴衰。英语单词fortune就源自幸运女神的名字Fortuna。习语wheel of fortune字面意思是“幸运女神的车轮”，比喻命运或人生的变迁。
fortune n
tell sb’s fortune
What will be our fortune
[U] 机遇；运气 chance or luck, especially in the way it
affects people’s lives：
If you don’t work hard, no fortune will come.
In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year.
[C] & [U] 时运；命运：
[C] (大量) 财产；大笔的钱 a large amount of money：
make a fortune
He received a large fortune when his uncle died.
fortune
fortunate
fortunately
unfortunate
unfortunately
misfortune
fortune 的同族词
ought to v aux［无时态和人称变化］
［表示义务、忠告等］应当；应该：
① ought to do sth:
Teachers ought to be honoured.
You ought not to eat a lot before swimming.
— Ought I to write to say thank you
— Yes, I think you ought (to).
②［表示本应该做却没有做］ought to have done:
You ought to have listened to the warnings.
I ought not to have done it.
［表示推测、可能性］应该；该：
① ought to do:
He ought to be feeling better by this evening.
②［表示应该已经做］ought to have done:
My son ought to have left for Japan by now.
turn up
turn up由 turn + up组成：
turn → 转动
up → 向上
借助小品词up去理解turn up的各义项。
首先思考该短语动词如何理解和识记？
开大；调高 (音量等) 反 turn down：
Turn up the radio so that I can hear the program.
(人) 到达；出现 to arrive at a place：
He promised that he would come, but he hasn’t turned up yet.
2012 陕西
(尤指失去后偶然) 被发现：
Don’t worry about the letter — I’m sure it’ll turn up.
找到；发现：
They searched the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up
nothing. 2017 浙江
turn up
表示数量由小变大
向上露出被发现
表示发生、发现
开大；调高 (音量等)
(人) 到达；出现
(尤指失去后偶然) 被发现
找到；发现
turn up 语义网络图
up
向上
turn down
关小；调低 (音量等) 反 turn up ：
Could you please turn down your TV a bit
拒绝 (refuse)：
How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months 2014 浙江
When I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. 人教新选必③ – 4
词汇拓展
趁热打铁
Strike while the iron is hot.
strike
strike (struck, struck) v
vt [正式用语] 打；撞击
The ship struck a rock.
The boy fell, striking his head on the edge
of the table.
vi & vt (时钟等) 敲响；报 (时)；擦 / 划 (火柴)：
The church clock began to strike twelve.
strike a match
vi & vt (不幸等) 突然降临；突然袭击：
Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods.
She was practicing surfing when a shark struck. 2011 广东改
vt [不用于进行时] (使) 突然想到 / 意识到 to come suddenly
into sb’s mind：
The solution struck me immediately.
it strikes sb + that 从句：
It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.
vt 给……以某种印象 to give sb a particular impression：
We were struck by her kindness.
What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people.
strike sb as (being) ...
He strikes me as (being) a very serious person.
vi 罢工：
The bus drivers were striking for more money.
该释义源于船员扔掉手中的劳动工具，降下船帆拒绝出海
strike a balance 两者兼顾；达到平衡
■ n [C] & [U] 罢工：
He found it difficult to strike a balance between his family and his work.
strike a deal 达成协议
strike fear / terror into sb’s heart
使某人感到害怕 / 恐惧
The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.
某物“击打”某物
指针“击打”钟表
“击打”火柴
灾难等事件“击打”人
灵感 / 想法等“击打”大脑
击打；撞击
(时钟等) 敲响；报 (时)
划 (火柴)
(不幸等) 突然降临；
突然袭击
(使) 突然想到 / 意识到
strike语义网络图
strike
击打
基本义
“击打”了工作
罢工
“击打”在人的印象中
给……以某种印象
辨析 beat, hit, strike
三个词都有“打”、“击”的意思，但用法不完全相同。
beat 指用手或物等连续地打、敲击，如殴打或体罚，敲鼓、桌子等，还可指心脏跳动、打拍子和雨水的冲击。
She was beating the dust out of the carpet.
Her heart was beating with joy.
hit 表示瞬间的动作，强调打中或击中这一结果，或强调敲打、打击对象的某一点，只作及物动词用。
He shot his arrow and hit the target.
strike 指用力地“打击”，表示短暂的动作，含有急速的或突然的一次性的殴打、打击或敲击，是普通用词；还可表示敲钟、报时。有时与hit通用，指灾难侵袭。
The car ran out of control and hit / struck a tree.
stricken adj [正式用语]
受灾的；患病的；受苦的：
earthquake-stricken areas
词汇拓展
striker n [C] 罢工者；(足球的) 前锋；
(棒球的) 击球手
striking adj 惊人的；显著的；引人注目的 very noticeable; making a strong impression
scene
场记板是上面写着场次(scene)、镜次、导演、片名、影片公司等资料的小木板。一端可以开合，打板时发出清脆的响声，以便剪接时使用。
(戏剧等的) 一场；(电影的) 一个镜头；场景；景色：
Act I, Scene 3
The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment.
[常用单数] 事发地点；现场：
The police were soon on the scene.
Doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident to carry out the rescue. 2009 上海
景色；景象 a view that you see：
He photographed a wide range of street scenes.
scene n [C]
情景；场面：
[非正式用语] [单数] 活动领域；圈子：
The little boy came riding full speed down the road on his bicycle. What a dangerous scene it was!
The Beatles became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. 2019 浙江
The Beatles 甲壳虫乐队，英国摇滚乐队 (rock band)，由约翰·列侬 (John Lennon)、林戈·斯塔尔 (Ringo Starr)、保罗·麦卡特尼 (Paul McCartney) 和乔治·哈里森 (George Harrison) 四名成员组成。1960年，乐队于英格兰利物浦市 (Liverpool) 成立，其音乐风格 (style) 源自20世纪50年代的摇滚乐 (rock and roll)，并开拓了迷幻摇滚、流行摇滚等曲风。
名词动词化
写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. Stop mothering me! I can take care of myself. ____________
2. For two days he was nursed by his mother. ____________
3. I joined a private team coached by my school coach. ____________
4. China’s online-shopping industry was pioneered by Jack Ma.
____________
5. He has fathered an idea. ____________
创立
像母亲一样照顾
照料
训练
开创
画线词在例句中都作动词，其动词释义是由名词转化而来，这种词性转换现象叫作名词动词化。英语中有很多名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。例如，表示身份和职务的名词常可转化为动词。
father, mother, nurse, coach, pioneer就是一类表示身份和职务的名词转化为动词的用法。
读下面的句子，体会画线词的含义：
1. Will you friend anyone you haven’t met in real life on WeChat
______________
2. I used to partner him in tennis matches. But now I have a new partner.
______________
名词动词化
加……为好友
做……的搭档
抽象名词
比起中文来，英文不但富于抽象名词，也喜欢用抽象名词。
——余光中
具体名词：bathwater, ____________________________
抽象名词：comfort, ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
将所给名词分类：
pot, partner, cigar, goods
bathwater comfort pot patience passion generosity humour quality
partner love impact cigar personality destiny goods fortune
patience, passion, generosity, humour,
quality, love, impact, personality, destiny, fortune
具体名词 (concrete noun) 是指现实物质世界中存在的，可触摸到或看到的人、事物、地方和实体等。
抽象名词 (abstract noun) 指的是抽象的东西，如意念、情感、概念、性质、关系、状态等。
Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,” he said.
…
2018年全国III卷阅读理解C篇节选
抽象名词是英语学习中的难点和盲点。英语喜欢用名词，而汉语喜欢用动词和形容词，这是英语和汉语之间一个很重要的差异。因此，建立抽象名词的概念，学会使用抽象名词，能大大提升表达的地道性。
话题词汇：性格与行为
creativity, talent,
wisdom, etc.
personality, character & behavior
intelligence & ability
character
attitude
quality
behavior
carefulness, confidence,
kindness, optimism,
patience,
politeness, sincerity, etc.
ambition, determination, energy, humour, independence, etc.
cooperation, logic, support, tirelessness, etc.
bravery, diligence, duty, generosity,
honesty,
modesty, responsibility,
selflessness, etc.
随堂检测
根据句意写出句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.
(2014 浙江) __________
2. She can tell your fortune by looking at the lines on your hand.
__________
3. Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to
the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.
(2013 山东) __________
运气
fortune
命运
大笔的钱
turn up
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
Open the curtains and turn up the lights. (2015 全国)
____________
2.When the sports hero turned up at our party, he was welcomed
with open arms. (2014 安徽) ____________
3.Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or
later. (2015 湖北) ____________
开大；调亮
出现；到达
被发现
一、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, was visiting a
museum when _____________________ (地震发生).
2. We would spend 1,500 yuan purchasing some pens for the needy
students in _____________________ (贫困地区). (2011 上海书面
表达)
3. _______________ (我突然想到) playing against the other team
was a great learning moment. (2015 全国完形)
4. 趁热打铁。______________________________
strike
the earthquake struck
poverty-stricken areas
It struck me that
Strike while the iron is hot.
二、写出下列句子中划线部分的汉语释义。
1. It always struck me that when you’re looking at a big challenge
from the outside it looks huge, but when you’re in the midst of it, it
just seems normal. (2011 天津阅读)
_____________________________________
2. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or
observations that are particularly meaningful. (2013 湖北阅读)
_____________________________________
3. When sunlight strikes an object, some of the energy is absorbed
and some is reflected. (2008 江苏阅读)
_____________________________________
我总是想到
把书中印象深刻的看法和引文记录下来
阳光照射在物体上
根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. He’s famous on the music scene. ___________
2. At the end of the story, my mind continued the final scene of reunion, on and on, until my own lost dog and I were, in my mind, running together. (2015 天津)
___________
3. You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. (2013 辽宁 ) ___________
4. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go. ( 2012 天津) _____________
5. About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio to take part in a crowd-scene. (2012 全国 ) _____________
scene
音乐界 / 圈
情景
景色
事发现场
(电影的) 一个场景
谢
谢
观
赏