外研版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 5 Into the wild Understanding ideas词汇精讲课堂课件(共57张PPT)

(共57张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
教材版本：新外研
册别单元：必修一 Unit 5 (Understanding ideas)
本单元词汇梳理
1. charity：抽象名词具体化
2. Atlantic：拓展Pacific, Oceania, Indian, Arctic
3. annual：同义词：yearly；派生词：annually
4. 构词法：migrate — migration
5. seek：基本义：寻找
正式用语：对应 ① look for ② ask for ③ try to get
词块：seek a job, seek (sb’s) help / advice, seek to do sth
派生词：seeker (job seekers)
6. measure：meas- (测量) + -ure
词块：take measures to do sth = take action to do sth
7. position：基本义“位置”
词块：apply for a position, in sb’s position
8. determine：de- (off, ) + term (to mark the end or boundary 划界限) → 明确； 词源同term, terminal
词块：determine to do sth
词族：determine, determined, determination
9. eventually：eventual (最终的) + -ly；同义词：finally
10. solution：solve — solution
用法：a solution to sth，类似结构：way to, key to等
11. amazing：词族：amaze, amazed, amazing (分词形容词), amazement
12. crash：词源：拟声词，模仿碰撞的声音
一词多义：基本义“撞碎”
词块：crash into, a car / plane crash
13. per cent：美式percent；拓展percentage
14. destroy：de- (down 向下) + struere (build 建，同structure) → 破坏建筑的结构 → 毁坏；精准的汉语释义“毁坏”
15. chemical：同源词：chemistry, chemist
16. creature：词族：create, creative, creatively, creator, creature
词块：living creature
17. survive：sur- (over, beyond 超过) + vive (to live 活) → 比……活得长
同根词：vivid, revive, vital, vitamin
词族：survive, survival, survivor
18. effect：词块：have an effect on, greenhouse effect,
side effect, in effect, take effect
派生词：effective
position
重难点词
精讲
一词多义
seek
英语释义
正式用语与非正式用语
measure
一词多义
一词多义
crash
survive
一词多义
effect
一词多义
英语释义
determined
搭配义
魁地奇比赛中的找球手seeker
在哈利波特的魔法世界中，最受欢迎的运动莫过于魁地奇比赛 (Quidditch)。
找球手seeker在比赛中起着极为重要的作用，他们负责抓取金色飞贼 (the golden snitch)，往往能使自己的球队反败为胜。
seek
seek (sought, sought) v [正式用语或书面用语]
vt & vi 寻找 to look for sb / sth：
They sought for a place to shelter from the rain, but in vain.
seek jobs / work / employment
根据seek的基本义to look for，猜猜下列句子中seek的意思。
1. The book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek
their own answers. 2014 天津
2. They had sought my advice, and I had recommended this
machine.
3. Scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of the
“sixth sense” of direction.
寻求 口语 try to find / get
征求 口语 ask for
试图/企图 口语 try to do
【词汇拓展】
seek out 找出；找到：
We must seek out a solution to the problem.
play hide-and-seek 玩捉迷藏
seeker n [C] 寻找者；追求者：
a job seeker
重要词块
正式用语多用于正式场合 (formal situations)，如商业信函、报告、讲座、会议，以及与陌生人和比自己级别高的人的交谈中。非正式用语则多用于非正式场合 (informal situations)，如与熟人的日常交流，包括会话和书信往来等。学习词汇时要了解它使用的情景，避免日常交流和书面表达时因为用词不恰当、不得体导致交际失败。本单元词汇表中的seek是正式用语，B1U1出现的习语 butterflies in one’s stomach 是非正式用语。
正式 (formal)用语与非正式 (informal) 用语
informal neutral（中性） formal
错误 / mistake
计划 (v) / plan
联系 (v) / contact
种类 / kind
得到 / get
认为 think /
好的；极好的 good; excellent /
出教室 / go out of the classroom _____ the classroom
心慌；紧张 have __________ in one’s stomach feel very nervous /
error
intend
get in touch with
gain
type
figure
neat
exit
butterflies
中国古代 西方
重量单位 两；斤 磅 (pound) ；克 (gram)；千克 (kilogram)
1磅 = 0.454千克
容积和体积单位 升；斗；石 1石 = 10斗 = 100升 品脱 (pint)（568毫升），加仑 (gallon) （4.55升）
长度单位 尺；寸 1尺 = 10寸 = 0.33米 英尺 (foot)； 英寸 (inch)；英里 (mile) ；码 (yard)；米 (meter) ； 千米 (kilometer)
1英尺 = 12英寸 = 0.3048米；1英里 = 1.609千米
1码 = 0.9米
中西方关于度量衡 (weights and measures ) 的常见表达都有哪些呢？
measure
以人名命名的物理单位：
力的单位：牛顿 (N) ；功的单位：焦耳 (J)；频率的单位：赫兹 (Hz)；电流的单位：安培 (A) ……等等
measure
n
[C] & [U] 度量单位；计量标准：
weights and measures
[C] [正式用语] (判断的) 标准；衡量
a way of testing or judging sth：
Speed is a good measure of work
performance in this setting.
“测量”的单位
“测量”的标准
measure的词源义为“测量”，是 meter（米）的同源词
[C] [用单数] (一定的) 量；程度 (degree)：
No matter how unpredictable the future, there’s almost
always some measure of joy to be got from the moment.
2015 浙江改
[C] [常用复数] 措施；办法 an official action (step)：
safety measures
It is high time that we should take some measures to protect endangered animals.
“测量”的结果
“测量”的方法
vt & vi 量；测量：
[用作系动词] [不用于进行时] (尺寸、数量等) 量度为：
The room measures 10 meters across.
vt 估量；衡量 (assess)：
measure
v
measuring instruments
The doctor weighed the baby and measured its height.
Scientists haven’t measured the positive effects of laughter on children.
measurement
n [U] 测量；衡量；[C] [常用复数] 尺寸:
take sb’s measurements
“测量”的单位
“测量”的标准
“测量”的结果
“测量”的方法
度量单位；计量标准
(判断的) 标准；衡量
(一定的) 量；程度
措施；办法
measure语义网络图
measure
测量
基本义
量；测量
估量；衡量
(尺寸、数量等) 量度为
n
v
The location of the tower is close to the pool.
这里的location是“位置”的意思。还有什么词可以表示“位置”呢？
position
[C]＆[U] 位置；方位；(恰当或正确的) 位置：
Can you show me the position of the city on the map
The orchestra were all in position, waiting for the conductor.
[C]＆[U] 姿势；(物体所指的) 方向：
Lie in a comfortable position.
Keep the box in an upright position.
[C]＆[U] 地位；身份：
The social position of each character influences the way they behave to each
other.
a man of position
position n
[C] [正式用语] 职位；职务 a job (post)：
He is thinking of applying for the position of Chief Editor.
Bruce takes / holds the position of sales manager in a large company.
[C] (比赛中的) 名次：
She finished the race in third position.
[C] [常用单数] 处境；状况 the state or situation that sb / sth is in:
What would you do if in my position
I’m afraid I am not in a position to help you.
[C] [常与on连用] 立场；观点；态度 an opinion on or an
attitude towards a particular subject (attitude)：
When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. 2008 江苏
I hope you’ll reconsider your position.
名词动词化
vt 放置；安放 (place)：
I positioned myself to take the best photo of the sea view.
物体在空间上的“位置”
人身体 / 物体的“位置”
在社会中的“位置”
在工作中的“位置”
在比赛中的“位置”
位置；方位
姿势；(物体所指的) 方向
地位；身份
职位；职务
(比赛中的) 名次
position语义网络图
position
位置
基本义
在态度中的“位置”
立场；观点；态度
在情境中的“位置”
处境；状况
Your attitude determines your altitude.
你的态度决定你的高度。
determine 和 decide在程度上和正式上有区别
determine
vt 确定；查明 (establish)：
Investigators are still trying to determine what caused the fire.
vt 支配；影响：
It is your efforts, not your intelligence that determine your success. 2008 湖北
Demand determines supply.
determine v [正式用语]
vt & vi 决心；决定 decide firmly：
I determine to make more efforts to improve my English.
She determined that nothing should be changed in her report.
We determined on an early start.
【词汇拓展】
determined adj
有决心的；意志坚定的：
My father was determined that none of his children would be denied an education. 2015 福建改
(be) determined to do sth:
Amazed at how skilful they were, I was determined to be just as good. 2013 浙江
坚决的；坚定的：
She gave me a determined look — the kind that said she wouldn’t change her mind.
determination n [U] 决定；决心；果断
约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德（Johann Wolfgang von Goethe，1749年8月28日—1832年3月22日），是最伟大的德国作家之一，也是世界文学领域的一个出类拔萃的光辉人物。代表作品《少年维特的烦恼》、《浮士德》。
crash最初是一个拟声词，模仿碰撞的声音“哗啦……”；随着社会的发展，产生了“(公司等) 倒闭”、“(股票) 暴跌”、“(计算机等) 死机”等意思。名词释义是由动词释义转化而来。
crash (v) 出现于公元前14世纪晚期，词源义是“break in pieces” “打碎”“撞碎”。
crash 词源解读
vi & vt (使) 发出撞击声；(使) 发出爆裂声：
crash v
The plates crashed to the floor.
She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her.
vi & vt (使飞机) 坠毁；(使汽车等) 猛撞：
The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.
He crashed his car into a wall.
vi (公司等) 倒闭；(股票) 暴跌；(计算机等) 死机；崩溃：
The company crashed with debts of 2 million.
The computers that we use at the moment are old and slow, and they often crash.
crash n [C]
[常用单数] 哗啦声；撞击声；爆裂声：
At that moment, we hear a huge crash and then silence.
碰撞 (事件)；(飞机) 坠毁：
All the passengers were killed in the plane crash.
暴跌；(计算机等的) 崩溃：
tips for fixing computer system crashes
撞碎crash
基本义
“撞碎”物体，发出
巨响
“撞碎”飞机、汽车等
“撞碎”公司、股票等
(使) 发出撞击声；
(使) 发出爆裂声
(使飞机) 坠毁；
(使汽车等) 猛撞
(公司等) 倒闭；
(股票) 暴跌；(计算机等) 崩溃
哗啦声；撞击声；爆裂声
暴跌；(计算机等的) 崩溃
n
crash语义网络图
碰撞 (事件)；(飞机) 坠毁
v
survive
《我不是药神》（英文译名Dying to survive）是由文牧野执导，宁浩、徐峥共同监制的剧情片。该片于2018年7月5日在中国上映。影片讲述了徐峥扮演的程勇从一个交不起房租的小商贩，一跃成为印度仿制药“格列宁”独家代理商的故事。电影展现了一群人为了生存下去而苦苦挣扎。影片有笑有泪，还有思考。在生活小细节的层层推进下，导演将小人物的日常平凡、卑微、无甚波澜的生活带到了更为深远的一步。
survive
survive是由前缀“sur-” +词根“vive（源于词根viv）”构成。
其中sur-是“在……上；超过……”(over, beyond) 的意思，viv是“活；生命”(live) 的意思，所以survive表达“生命超越了……（比事故中其他遇难者活得时间长）”，其常见义为“幸存”。
与survive同根的词有revive, vitamin, vivid等。
vt 比……活得长：
She survived her husband by ten years.
vi & vt 幸存 (于)：
He survived the earthquake.
注：不能说He survived from / after / in the earthquake.
vi & vt 挺过；熬过：
How do you survive on such a low salary
vi 保存下来：
Some old customs have survived into the present.
survive v
survive 语义网络图
在灾难中活得长
(具体）
寿命活得长
（人）
在困境中活得长
（抽象）
物品或者风俗活得长（具体）
幸存（于）
挺过；熬过
保存；留存
比某人活得长
比……活得长（基本义）
survivor n [C] 幸存者
survival n
[U] 幸存；继续生存：
the survival of the fittest
[C] 幸存物；残存物：
The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times.
词汇拓展
《泰坦尼克号》这部电影讲述了泰坦尼克号这艘豪华游轮在航行时由于撞上了冰山而沉没，男主杰克（Jack）为了救女主露丝（Rose）而冻死在冰冷的海水中的故事。
在泰坦尼克号缓缓下沉时，杰克带着露丝跑到船尾，爬上栏杆坚持到泰坦尼克号沉没。最后杰克将露丝推上一块漂浮木板。
露丝要比杰克活得长。
Rose survived Jack.
露丝在这次沉船事故中幸存下来。
Rose survived the accident.
杰克为了露丝能够存活下来，不断地鼓励她，而自己却冻死在寒冷的海水里。
多年后寻宝探险家布洛克从沉船上打捞起一个锈迹斑斑的保险柜。
露丝在冰冷的海上挺了过来最终获救。
Rose survived the frozen sea and was rescued in the end.
他发现里面有一幅素描画留存至今。
He found that a drawing had survived into the present.
这幅素描由杰克为露丝所画。
effect R3 n [C] & [U] 结果；效应；作用；影响：
greenhouse effect
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about. 2010 浙江
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world. 2012 四川
bring / put ... into effect 实施；实行
in effect
在实施中；有效：
Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect.
实际上；事实上：
“Have a nice day” is a wonderful phrase, reminding us, in effect, to enjoy the moment.
词汇拓展
effective R3 adj 有效的 反 ineffective；生效的：
take effective measures / steps
The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them. 2015 广东
effectively adv 有效地
effectiveness n [U] 有效性
take effect 生效 (come into effect)；起作用：
These measures are just beginning to take effect.
survive拓展视频：
随堂检测
seek
一、选出下列句子中画线部分的英语释义。
How can you seek help from the Writing Centre (2014 天津)
________
2. A company whose profits from home markets are declining
(减少) may seek opportunities abroad. (2014 山东) ________
3. We sought out Karen and told her of her success. ________
4. Local schools are seeking to reduce the dropout rate.
________
c
a
d
b
a. look for b. try c. ask for d. find out
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On a hot summer day in last August, I ________ (seek)
shade and a cool drink at a waterfront café.
2. Some businesses only seek ________ (earn) enough to
cover their operating costs. (2013 全国)
3. Unluckily, they sought in vain ________ somewhere to
shelter.
4. A job ________ (seek) is an unemployed person who is
trying to get a job.
sought
to earn
for
seeker
三、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
The company ____________________ (正试图提高) the
quality of products.
2. The government ______________________ (正在寻求解决
办法) to the problem of water shortage.
3. From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve
as a bridge that helps us to ________________ (寻求真理)
(2015 湖北书面表达)
is seeking to improve
is seeking for a solution
seek the truth
measure
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. The room __________________________ (宽10米).
2. The assistant _______________________ (给我量尺寸)
and showed me what was available in my size.
3. Personally, I’m against _________________________________
(付钱让学生学习的办法). (2010 广东书面表达)
4. They call on people and the government to _____________
_________________ (采取措施减少污染). (2013 天津改)
the measure of paying students to learn
measures 10 metres across
take measures
to reduce pollution
took my measurements
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
I had to find someone else to fill in her position for the
moment. (2014 湖北) ______________
2. Spain and the US take the leading position in building smart
cities. ______________
3. Sorry, Doctor White is out of town and I’m not in the position
to give out that kind of information. ______________
职位；职务
地位
处境；状况
position
二、用position的适当形式填空。
If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their
__________. (2009 上海)
2. The phones all have cameras, computers and a “global-
____________” something or other that’s supposed to spot
me from space. (2012 福建)
3. One can find his _________ in life in his own way.
positions
positioning
position
一、写出下列句子中determine的汉语释义。
1. Our social positions determine the way we are dressed. __________
2. It is difficult to determine the exact cause of the illness. __________
3. The date of the court case has not yet been determined. __________
4. How hard the swimmers work now will determine how they perform in the Olympics. __________
决定
决定
确定
确定
determine
二、在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. She’s sure to get the job she wants – she’s a very ___________ (determine) person.
2. Jane was determined not ___________ (go) against her father’s wishes and accept his advice.
3. He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain and a ___________ (determine) to achieve. (2009 陕西)
4. Black holes can not be seen directly, so ___________ (determine) the number of them is very difficult.
determined
to go
determination
determining
三、根据所给提示，完成下列句子。
1. It is not what you are given but how you make use of it that _______________________ (决定你是谁). (2012 湖北)
2. Realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy _________________________________ (决心停下不再玩游戏).
3. If we ___________________________________ (有勇气和决心), we will finally get the sunshine we want. (2010 北京书面表达)
determines who you are
is determined to stop playing games
have the courage and determination
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. It is an ocean that moves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all
kinds of noise — it is forever thundering, boiling, crashing, and
whistling. (2013 重庆) ____________
2. When did the computer crash (2012 福建) ____________
3. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right
things to do on the road to avoid crashes. (2012 广东) ____________
4. It was sad news that no one survived the AirAsia plane crash which
happened on December 28, 2014. ____________
发出撞击声
死机
碰撞 (事件)
飞机失事；飞机坠毁事故
crash
5. The team crashed to their worst defeat this season.
________________
6. Investigators are still trying to figure out why the engines in
this plane lost power, forcing it to crash-land with more than
150 passengers on board. ________________
7. There was a crash of thunder just now. ________________
(比赛中) 溃败；惨败
紧急迫降
一声炸雷；一声响雷
二、What does “crash a party” mean
To “crash a party” is an idiomatic expression that means to attend a party without receiving an invitation. This expression may have developed from the idea of breaking and entering. If uninvited guests want to find a way into a party, they would need to break in, probably resulting in the sound of a crash either through smashing glass or breaking furniture. Depending on the kind of party one is trying to attend, however, it is unlikely that one would actually have to break anything in order to enter. Typically the term “crash a party” is used by teens and college students to describe going to parties without an invitation. Most adults rarely crash a party.
________________________
擅自闯入宴会；不邀而至
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to
stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.
(2014 广东阅读) __________
2. Only one copy of the book still survives. __________
3. Life is hard at the moment, but we’re surviving. __________
幸存于
保存下来
挺过来；
熬过来；
艰难度过
survive
二、用survive的适当形式完成下列句子。
For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for ________________ is having someone nearby step in and do CPR (心肺复苏) quickly. (2017 北京阅读)
2. Officials said he was the only ________________ of the plane crash.
3. He is the only man who ________________ after the explosion (爆炸).
三、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
The front passengers were lucky to _________________________ (在车祸中幸免于难).
2. Having __________________________ (熬过那一夜), we were confident that everything else would be all right. (2014 湖北完形)
survival / surviving
survivor
survived
survive the car accident
survived that night
根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. Global warming is _____________________ (对……产生巨大的影响) hundreds of plant and animal species around the world. (2012 四川)
2. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome __________________ (副作用) researchers have already found in ride-hailing (叫车) services. (2018 北京)
3. According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily __________________ (因果关系).
4. Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they __________________ (生效). (2009 山东)
effect
having a great effect on
side effect
cause and effect
take effect
谢
谢
观
赏