外研版（2019）必修第一册 Unit6At one with nature Using language 词汇精讲课堂(22张ppt)

(共22张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
教材版本：新外研
册别单元：必修一 Unit 6 (Using language)
本单元词汇梳理
1. replace： re- + place (v)，重新放置 → 替代
词块：replace … with / by；派生词：replacement
2. material：一词多义，基本义：材料
词块：reading material
3. mineral：来自mine (n 矿)
词块：mineral water
4. consumer：consume (v 消费) + -er
5. priority：来自prior (adj 优先的)；词块：a top priority
6. beauty：抽象名词，具体化：指“美人”“美好的事物”时可数
词族：beauty, beautiful, beautify
7. barrier：一词多义，基本义“障碍”
词块：the barrier between ... and …, language barrier
8. structure：来自词根struct (build 建造)
同根词：construct, instruct
9. living：adj 反义词dead
词块：living things, living language, the living
名词词块：make / earn a living, do for a living,
10. organism：organise + -ism
11. observatory：来自 observe
12. basin：词源：中世纪时，法兰克国王查理曼麾下骑士都
戴一种锥形金属头盔 (bacin)，实际上是一个“戴在头上的碗” 。英语借用了该词后，它的形式演变为 basin，用以指“(脸) 盆”或“汤盆”。
13. grand：一词多义，基本义“大的”
词块：the Grand Canyon, the Grand Hotel / Theatre, the grand prize
14. narrow：反义词wide, broad
一词多义，基本义：狭窄的
隐喻：具体的“狭窄的”到指人心胸、视野“狭隘的”
词块：a narrow victory / escape
形容词动词化，词块：narrow the generation gap
15. platform：一词多义，基本义“平 (的) 台”
16. waterfall：water + fall
17. thunder：名词动词化：轰隆隆地快速移动
18. channel：一词多义：海峡；频道；途径 / 渠道
词块：the English Channel / the Channel Tunnel,
change / switch channels
19. desert：v de- (undo 去掉) + serere (join together 加入) → 不加入→ 离开 → 抛弃；离弃
n 沙漠 n和v发音不同
20. sail：词块：set sail (for), sail around the world
派生词：sailing, sailor
21. climate：词块：climate change
隐喻：具体的“气候”到抽象的“风气；环境气氛”
22. inside：in + side
反义词：outside
material
narrow
beauty
名词动词化
重难点
词精讲
replace
抽象名词具体化
搭配义
一词多义
一词多义
形容词动词化
把……放回原处：
Replace the magazines after reading.
取代；接替；更换：
Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with online shopping but will never be replaced. 2011 安徽改
The student union will hold a special meeting in January to hire someone to replace the secretary. 人教新必修③ – 2
We’d be happy to replace the radio for you.
replace ... with / by 用……替换：
They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars. 2015 浙江
replace vt 词源解读：
replace由 re- + place (v)构成，恢复到以前的位置→ “把……放回原处”
replacement n [U] 更换；更替；[C] 替换的人 / 物：
Talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact. 北师大新必修② – 4
词汇拓展
material 基本义——材料
■ n
[C] & [U] [常用复数] 材料；原料：
reading / teaching materials
He is a good soldier, but not really officer material.
[C] & [U] 布料：
curtain material
[U] 素材：
She’s collecting material for her latest novel.
■ adj [只用于名词前] 物质的；物质上的
词汇拓展 materially adv 物质上
narrow
■ adj
(宽度等) 狭窄的 反 wide：
As we set out, I was shocked at how narrow the path was. 2008 陕西
(心胸、视野等) 狭隘的 / 狭窄的 反 broad：
narrow-minded
She has a very narrow view of the world.
[常用于名词前] 勉强的；好不容易的：
a narrow victory
■ vt & vi (使) 变窄；(使) 变小：
He had to narrow his eyes in the strong light of the sun.
The gorge narrows to 350 feet as the river rushes through the two-mile-high mountains.
narrow the generation gap
词汇拓展 narrowly adv 勉强地；差点儿 (没)
形容词动词化
desert
■ n [C] & [U] 沙漠；荒原
■ vt
遗弃；抛弃；放弃 (abandon)：
A law was passed in Italy that gives people who desert pets big fines and prison sentences.
(感觉、品质、技艺等) 背离；舍弃：
Mike’s confidence seemed to have deserted him.
词汇拓展
deserted adj 被舍弃的；被遗弃的 (abandoned)；无人居住的：
a deserted village
[U] 美；美丽：
the beauty of the sunset
inner beauty
beauty products
[C] 美人；美好的事物：
He regarded his wife as a beauty.
Photos record the beauties of nature. 2008 陕西
beauty n
抽象名词具体化
不可数的抽象名词可用来表示可数的人或物，即“抽象名词具体化”。此时，名词的数和词义都发生变化。表示抽象的概念时，前面不用冠词；表示具体的一个人或一件事时，前面通常用不定冠词。
抽象名词具体化
单词 不可数名词 可数名词
pleasure 快乐 ；娱乐 乐事；乐趣
pride 自豪；骄傲 令人自豪的人 / 事物
danger 危险；风险 危险的人 / 物
shock (精神上的)震惊 令人震惊的事
charity 慈善 (事业) 慈善机构 / 团体
mystery 神秘 神秘的人 / 事物
comfort 安慰 令人感到安慰的人 / 事物
抽象名词具体化
说出下列句子中划线单词精准的汉语释义。
frost
The windows were covered with heavy frost.
The windows had frosted over.
霜（名词）
结霜（动词）
名词动词化
thunder
He died in a storm with thunder and lightning.
It thundered a few times, but no rain fell.
雷（名词）
打雷（动词）
说出下列句子中划线单词精准的汉语释义。
rain
There will be rain showers in the east.
It had been raining hard all night.
雨
下雨
常见“天气类”名词动词化
cloud
The sky was a perfect blue — not a cloud in sight.
Ann’s eyes clouded with the pain.
显得阴沉
云
snow
I could see footprints in the snow.
It started snowing around five.
下雪
雪
ice
The pond was covered in ice all winter.
Schools were closed when the roads iced over.
结冰
冰
英语中有很多名词可转化为动词，常表示具有该名词的活动特点或性质特征的动作。例如，表示天气的名词常可转化为动词。
随堂检测
1. Teachers will never __________ (replace) by computers in the classroom.
2. It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced __________ a modern hotel or not. (2011 重庆)
3. All the old chairs need __________ (replace).
4. Sam just announced he was leaving, but the coach has already started looking around for a ____________ (replace).
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
replace
be replaced
with / by
replacing
replacement
1. The ball is made of a special material. (2013 湖南) __________
2. The company produces its own training material. __________
3. The writer is collecting material for his new book. __________
4. The teacher saw her as good university material. __________
5. The spiritual life is more important than material goods.
__________
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
material
材料
材料
素材
上大学的料
物质的
1. The topic you choose should not be too narrow. (2012 江西)
__________
2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. (2011 山东) __________
3. You’ve got a very narrow view of life. __________
4. The gap between the two teams has narrowed to three points.
__________
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
narrow
狭隘的
狭窄的
狭隘的
缩小
谢
谢
观
赏