外研版（2019）高中英语必修第二册 学案Unit 3 On the move易混易错点辨析

【名师原创】：Unit3 易混易错点辨析
●cost; spend; pay
【教材原句】
You don’t need expensive equipment; even the ball doesn’t have to cost much money. (教材P27)
【辨析】
三个词都有“花钱”之意，但用法上有一定的区别。
cost 主语是某物或某事，常用在以下机构中：
sth. cost(sb.) some time 某物花了（某人）多少钱
(doing) sth. cost (sb.) some time/effort （做）某事花费（耗费）（某人）多少时间或努力；cost 也可以作名词，表示“费用，成本”。
spend 主语一般是人， 常用在以下结构中：
sb. spend some time / money on sth. 某人在某事上花费时间或金钱
sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间或金钱做某事
sb. spend money for sth. 花钱买某物
pay 主语一般是人，表示“付款，赔偿”, 常用在以下结构中：
sb. pay some money for sth. 某人为某物付钱
sb. pay sb. some money for sth. 某人付给某人买….的钱
sb. pack some money back 某人还钱
sb. pay off money/debt 某人还清钱或债
【例句呈现】
She spent 100 on a new dress.
她花100英镑买了一条新连衣裙。
How long did you spend on your homework
你做家庭作业用了多长时间？
She would pinch on food in order to spend on clothing.
她过去常把伙食费省下来买衣服.
I spend most of my working day sitting at a desk.
我一天之中大部分工作时间都坐在办公桌旁。
We calculated the cost of building a new house.
我们计算了造一座新房子的费用。
That car must have cost a bundle.
这辆汽车一定值很多钱。
How much do the vegetables cost
这些蔬菜值多少钱？
The work was cost by the engineer at $50,000.
这项工程据工程师估价为50 000美元。
Let me pay for dinner.
晚饭让我来付。
He'll have to pay off all his debts.
他必须偿清他的一切债务。
【考点过关】
根据spend, cost和pay的用法填空
1. She spends too much effort _______ things that don't matter.
2. Businessmen spend enormous amounts _______ (advertise) their products.
3. You should spend time on basic training, not ______ those flourishes.
4. The company has spent thousands of pounds _______ (update) their computer systems.
5. This energy could be much better spent _______ (take) some positive action.
6. The new car will _______ (cost/pay) 5000 at the lowest computation.
7. Finishing the project ________ (cost/pay) them two years.
8. They paid 3,000 yuan ________ these desks.
9. After ten years of hard work, she paid ________ all her debts at last.
10. The old woman ________ (cost/paid) 20 dollars for the three books in English.
【参考答案】
1. on; 2. advertising; 3. on; 4. updating; 5. taking; 6. cost; 7. cost; 8. for; 9. off/back; 10. paid
●whether; if（是否）
【教材原句】
Whether you’re a professional athlete or keen sportsperson, DX Sports Watch is the ideal choice for you. (教材P29)
Whether I am at the gym or on the road, my nervous energy pushes me through mile one. (教材P33)
【辨析】
两者都表示“是否”，但用法有一定区别。
whether①引导主语从句可位于句首，if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾, 用it 做形式主语放句首。②介词之后宾语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if。③whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句, if则不能。④whether可以和动词不定式连用，if 则不能。⑤在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中, 一般不用if 。whether和if都可用it作形式主语从句中。⑥在discuss/consider等某些动词之后，只能用whether，不能用if引导宾语从句。
if 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether.
【例句呈现】
I don’t know whether they will come or not.
我不知道他们是否回来。
I don’t know if / whether it will snow tomorrow.
我不知道明天是否会下雪。
Can you tell me whether to go swimming after supper
你能告诉我饭后去哪儿游泳吗？
I worry about whether he will be angry with me.
我担心他是否生我的气。
You should consider whether the car you are interested in is good value.
你应该考虑你感兴趣的小汽车是否有价值。
I can’t decide whether to stay.
我不能决定是否留下。
I want to know whether it’s good news or not.
我想知道是否是好消息。
His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.
他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.
他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
I want to know whether/if he lives there.
我想知道是否他住在那儿。
【考点过关】
用whether和if填空
1. He asked me _______ I could help him.
2. ______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known yet.
3. Success depends on _______ we make enough effort.
4. It's uncertain he'll come this evening.
5. The question is ________ it is not worth doing.
6. The question ________ the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.
7. We are uncertain Mary will come.
8. Please tell us ________ to go or stay here.
9. We discussed ________ we should close the shop.
10. He asked me _______ I hadn't finished my work.
11. I can't decide ________ to buy this pen or that one.
12. My question is _______ the Chinese team can go further.
13. _______ I can pass the exam isn’t clear.
【参考答案】
1. whether/if; 2. Whether; 3. whether; 4. whether/if; 5. whether; 6. whether; 7. whether/if; 8. whether; 9. whether; 10. if; 11. whether; 12. whether; 13. Whether
●no longer(=not… any longer), no more(=not…any more)
【教材原句】
Now I no longer use the app, but I’ve fallen in love with running, and still do it with my running friends. (教材P33)
【辨析】
两者都有“不再”的意思，no more/not…any more与no longer/not…any longer同义，但用法有所区别。
no longer = not…any longer意思是“不再”，通常放在行为动词前，be动词的后面，往往表示某状态或某个动作在某个时刻之后不再继续下去了, 一般和延续性动词或表示状态的动词连用。
no more = not…any more意思是“不再”，通常放在be动词和行为动词之后，一般与瞬时动词或be 动词连用，往往表示程度或数量不再增加，次数不再重复。
温馨提示：not... any longer和not... any more中的not须和be动词或助动词连在一起构成否定形式，而any longer和any more则放在句尾。
【例句呈现】
Not wishing to antagonize her further, he said no more.
他不愿惹她更生气，便不再说话。
He promised there would be no more hesitations in pursuing reforms
他发誓，在致力于改革方面不再犹豫。
He could stand no more and engineered an escape
他无法再忍受，便策划了出逃。
Finally, he could do no more, which is where Jacques came in.
最后，他再也无能为力了，这也正是雅克发挥作用的时候。
Rudolph said no more. Apparently he was a man of few words.
鲁道夫没再说话。看来他是个寡言少语的人。
I'm no longer a student.
我不再是个学生了。
He no longer lives here. =he doesn't live here any longer.
他不在这儿居住了。
He was no longer a thief.
他不再是小偷了。
When there is no gravity, our feet no longer stay on the ground.
如果没有重力，我们的脚就不能再站稳在地面上。
She could no longer find a way to get into the valley.
她再也找不到进山谷的路了。
【考点过关】
根据no longer (= not…any longer) 和no more (= not….any more) 用法填空
1. Time or opportunity lost will return _______.
2. She could not keep up with him ________
3. We couldn't stand it ________.
4. These conditions _______ obtain.
5. I will say _______ on these matters, important though they are
6. The choice is _______ in their disposition.
7. I've had enough of your insolence, and I'm having _______.
8. Phonograph is _______ used nowadays.
9. This word is ______ in current use.
10. She _______ feared that they should misunderstand her.
【参考答案】
1. no more; 2. any longer; 3. any more; 4. no longer; 5. no more; 6. no longer; 7. no more; 8. no longer; 9. no longer; 10. no longer
●fall in love with….; be in love with…..
【教材原句】
Now I no longer use the app, but I’ve fallen in love with running, and still do it with my running friends. (教材P33)
【辨析】
两者都是“爱上….（某人或某物）; 与….相恋”的意思，但是用法稍有区别。
fall in love with…. 意思是“爱上某人或某物”，不能与时间段连用。
be in love with….. 意思是“与….相恋”，强调状态，可以与时间段连用。
【例句呈现】
How could she have been so foolish as to fall in love with him
她怎么这么傻，竟爱上了他？
Slowly but surely she started to fall in love with him
虽然过程缓慢，但她无疑开始爱上他了。
I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.
我学到了一点，如果你有了爱好就坚持下去，总会有进步。
Do not fall in love with people like me.
不要爱上像我这样的人
And maybe every time you fall in love with somebody,
每当你爱上某人时。
That no one is perfect until you fall in love with them.
只有深爱一个人时才会认为他是完美的.
How could you not fall in love with her smile
你怎能不爱上她的笑容
Then, I was in love with the world
那时候我还深爱着这个世界
I was in love with the technology.
我非常喜欢这个技术
The world was in love with me.
世界也爱着我
Anyone would think you were in love with the girl.
谁都会以为你和那个姑娘恋爱了。
You were never in love with him, were you
你从来没爱过他对吗
Who were you in love with
你曾爱过的女人是谁？
There are also some foreigners who really fall in love with China and don't want to leave.
有些老外也会真正地爱上中国，不想离开。
But why do people fall in love with such ridiculous fantasies, especially in China
但是为什么人们，尤其是中国人，就是喜欢看这些可笑的幻想故事呢？
Marry someone who you can fall in love with several times over, because they're so good.
找一个你能多次相恋的好人结婚吧。
You really are in love with him.
你真的爱上他了
【考点过关】
根据fall in love with….，be in love with….用法, 用其适当形式填空。
1. But he's about to _________ in love with me!
2. Your never know--you may just _________ in love with a new brand.
3. I didn't know I was going to ________ in love with you last year.
4. Make people ___________ in love with baking again.
5. You can't force somebody to ________ in love with you.
6. Why do you ________ in love with him, rather than another
7. Do not ________ in love with people like me.
8. You came back here to _______ in love with me all over again, didn't you
9. You _________ in love with my daughter.
10. And many people ________ madly in love with it for these years.
11. They _______ already deeply in love with each other for five years.
12. Lily _______ in love with Paul in spite of his deformity.
13. I'm of the opinion that my son ______ very much in love with you.
14. John _______ in love with his work.
15. Sally _______ in love with her new car those days.
16. The man _______ in love with the lady next door to him last week.
17. He thinks she ______ in love with him, but it's only a dream.
18. We ________ in love with everything three years ago.
19. We had played together as children and later he told me he __________ in love with me.
20. They _______ deeply in love with each other those years and led a sweet life.
【参考答案】
1. fall/be; 2. be/fall; 3. fall/be; 4. be/fall; 5. fall/be; 6. be/fall; 7. fall/be; 8. fall/be; 9. are/fall; 10. have been; 11. have been; 12. falls/is; 13. is/falls; 14. is/falls/was/fell; 15. was; 16. fell/was; 17. falls/is; 18. were/fell; 19. was/fell; 20. were
●participate in; attend; join; join in; take part in
【教材原句】
Have you ever participated in any of them (教材P34)
【辨析】
都有“参加”的意思，但用法稍有不同。
participate in “参加，参与”，正式用语。
attend后常接“会议、典礼、聚会”等名词作宾语，强调亲临现场；还可以用于正式的听课或上学等。
join “加入”各种团体、党派、组织、人群等，成为其中的一员。
join in “参加”，尤其指与其他人一起参加某项工作或活动。
take part in指参加某项活动，重在说明参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用，当part前有形容词时，须用不定冠词。
温馨提示：join in用法相当于take part in或participate in, 三者一般可以换用。指参与游戏时一般用join in
【例句呈现】
The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders.
90%的股东出席了会议。
Our children attend the same school.
我们的孩子上同一所学校。
Thousands of people attended the funeral.
数千人参加了葬礼。
I've joined an aerobics class.
我参加了有氧健身班。
She joined the Communist Party three months ago.
她三个月前加入共产党。
His wife and children moved to join him in their new home...
他的妻子和孩子们搬进了他们的新家，和他一起生活。
He joined the Army five years ago.
他5年前参军了。
May I join in the discussion
我可以参加讨论吗
I hope that everyone will be able to join in the fun
我希望每个人都能够加入进来，玩得开心。
It's no use egging him on; he's made up his mind not to take part in the tournament.
他已拿定主意不参加比赛了，你再将他也没有用。
More and more people are beginning to participate in the activity.
越来越多的人开始参加这项活动。
The researchers asked 25 university students to take an active part in their sleep experiment.
研究人员让25名大学生积极参加他们的睡眠实验。
【考点过关】
根据attend; join; join in; take part in; participate in 用法填空
1. They ______ college together at the University of Pennsylvania last year.
2. We all _______ his wedding yesterday.
3. Now and again he'd ______ when we were playing video games.
4. They _______ the sport that interests them most.
5. He also writes articles, hoping that more people will _____ protecting natural ecosystems.
6. Ally has learned how to work with Clara and to get her to _______ the lessons.
7. A teen might ______ a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important.
8. They all _______ the Trade Union last year.
【参考答案】
1. attended ; 2. attended; 3. join in ; 4. join in/take part in/participate in; 5. join in/take part in/participate in; 6. join in/take part in/participate in; 7. join in/take part in/participate in; 8. joined
●persuade sb. to do sth.; try to persuade sb. to do sth.
【教材原句】
He then persuaded me to try ice hockey. (教材P35)
【辨析】
两者都有“劝说”的意思，但用法不同。
persuade sb. to do sth. 意思“说服某人做某事”，相当于persuade sb. into doing sth.和manage to persuade sb. to do sth.,强调肯定的结果，表示劝说成功了。对应的词组是：persuade sb. not to do sth.= persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事。
try to persuade sb. to do sth. 意思是“竭力劝说某人做某事”，不强调结果，也就是说，不一定劝说成功。
【例句呈现】
I finally managed to persuade her to go out for a drink with me.
我最后终于想法子说服她跟我出去喝一杯。
Recent information may persuade the board to reconsider.
最近得到的信息也许会使董事会重新考虑。
I had a terrible job to persuade her to come.
为劝她来，我费尽了口舌。
You'll never persuade him to stay ─ his mind's made up.
你根本无法劝他留下来——他已经拿定主意了。
It wasn't easy to persuade her to come ─ quite the reverse.
说服她过来不容易——实在太难了。
Save your breath ─ you'll never persuade her.
不用白费口舌了——你永远说服不了她。
He did his utmost to persuade me not to go.
他使尽浑身解数劝我别去。
Try to persuade him to come.
尽量劝他来。
I tried to persuade her to see a doctor.
我极力劝她去看医生。
I failed in my attempt to persuade her.
我未能说服她。
I tried to persuade her to wait but she wasn't having any.
我竭力劝她等一下，可她不肯听。
They tried to persuade me to retract my words.
他们试图说服我收回我的话。
At no time did they try to persuade me to suppress the information
他们从没有试图劝我隐瞒这个消息。
【考点过关】
根据persuade的用法选择括号内的动词词填空，并注意其形式， 没有括号的选择适当介词。
1. At no time did they ________ (try/manage) me to suppress the information, but they failed.
2. I was very happy that I had no difficulty persuading her ______ (leave).
3. Insurance companies often _______ (try/manage) to persuade young married men to cover themselves against illness or death.
4. How did you ______ (try/manage) to persuade to persuade him at last
5. You're a clever talker and he'll listen to you if you _______ (manage/try) to persuade him.
6. We persuaded her ________ (confess) her crime at last.
7. Advertisements often ______ (manage/try) try to persuade people to buy things which they don't really want or need.
8. How did you persuade your father _______ lending us the money
9. I ________ (try/manage) her not to resign, but to no avail.
10. We'll try to persuade him ________ giving up smoking.
11. None of us could persuade him out ________ lending his money to that untrustworthy man.
12. My friend _______ (try/manage) to persuade me into buying insurance for my son.
13. We ________ (try/manage) to persuade him not to go swimming, but in vain.
【参考答案】
1. try to persuade; 2. to leave; 3. try/manage; 4. try to persuade; 5. try; 6. to confess; 7. try/manage; 8. into; 9. tried to persuade; 10. into; 11. of; 12. tried/managed; 13. tried
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