人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle Reading and Thinking课件(41张ppt，内镶嵌视频素材）

(共41张PPT)
Reading and Thinking:
Learn to develop good health habits
【版本：新人教　册别：选择性必修三】
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
Learning Objectives
Learn about some factors about a healthy and unhealthy lifestyle and ways to break bad habits;
Read the passage and try to understand the main idea and the detail of it;
Learn how a bad habit is formed and how we can break it by creating good ones;
Try to use the words, phrases and sentence patterns to describe the “habit cycle” and how teens should develop good habits.
What is a healthy lifestyle
_________ health
physical
_________ health
make you feel stronger
make you feel happier
mental
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
…
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
…
ask for help if necessary
eat nutritious food
Bad habits
cigarette smoking
stay up late
alcohol abuse
digital addiction
overeat and overdrink
Let’s read the text (P14-15) to learn more about habits for healthy lifestyle.
Ⅱ
While-reading
Task 1: Read the text and find out what main ideas are included in it. Tick the correct ones.
How to change a bad habit and create good ones (Para. _____)
The cycle of how habits are formed (Para. _____)
Habits that can help us study better (Para. _____)
Changing habits gradually (Para. _____)
No easy way to change bad habits (Para. _____)
What a habit is (Para. _____)
Why bad teenage habits should be changed (Para. _____)
1
2
3
4
5
6
The main idea is sometimes stated in either the opening or closing sentence. If not, look for another “standout” sentence, or summarise the paragraph in your mind by asking yourself, “What is it mainly about ”
Find the main idea of a paragraph
As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
What is the main idea of each paragraph
Para 1
Why bad teenage habits should be changed
independent
alcohol
tobacco
get involvede in it
What is the main idea of each paragraph
Para 2
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly do.” In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work.
What a habit is
改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地尝试。有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言："我们反复做的事情造就了我们。"从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择的总和。我们选择做某件事，接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之后，这项选择就变得自然而然，成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。
plastic
surgeon
What is the main idea of each paragraph
Para 3
According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the “habit cycle”, which works like this:
Firstly, there is a “cue”, an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something.
Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue.
Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
The cycle of how habits are formed
根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解"习惯循环"，其工作原理如下：
第一是"触发因素"，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。
第二是"惯常行为"，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
第三是"回报"，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
What is the main idea of each paragraph
Para 4
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
How to change a bad habit and create good ones
habits cycle
The Habit Cycle Bad Habit New Habit
Cue feel unhappy
Routine
Reward
cue：feel unhappy
eat snacks
feel unhappy
listen to our favourite music
feel relaxed
feel happier but it’s not healthy
What is the main idea of each paragraph
Para 5
Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential. To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
Changing habits gradually
条件状从
立刻，马上
放弃
不定式做目的状语
be pessimistic about
不定时作定语
汉译英：Mr. Cai不是一个足球运动员，而是一个明星。
What is the main idea of each paragraph
Para 6
For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
No easy way to change bad habits
magic pill
delete button
Title
Part 1: Why bad teenage habits should be changed (Para. 1)
Part 2: What a habit is and how to change bad habits (Para. 2-5)
Part 3: No easy way to change bad habits (Para. 6)
An expository writing (说明文)
Task 2: Discussion
Why did the writer write this text
The intended readers are young people, especially teenagers. The first paragraph mainly discusses why it is easy for teenagers to form bad habits. The last paragraph starts with “For young people ...” and “you” is used to address the reader.
Who's the intended reader How can you tell
To explain a teenage problem and suggest possible solutions.
Task 3: Read the text again and answer the following questions.
How can a choice lead to a habit
What are the three stages of the habit cycle
What should we do to change a bad habit
How can a person use discipline to help change a bad habit
How can a choice lead to a habit
What are the three stages of the habit cycle
A choice can lead to a habit if we make the same choice over and over again.
The three stages of the habit cycle are the cue, routine, and reward.
What should we do to change a bad habit
How can a person use discipline to help
change a bad habit
To change a bad habit, we should examine our habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
A person can use discipline to change a bad habit by taking many small steps to reach the goal of change.
Post-reading
Ⅲ
Think of one bad habit and write down the cue, routine, and reward. Then come up with an idea of how to break the bad habit.
The habit cycle Bad Habit New Habit
Cue
Routine
Reward
feel unhappy
eat lots of unhealthy snacks
feel happier but it’s not healthy
feel unhappy
listen to favourite music
feel relaxed
Language Points
Ⅳ
1 become / be involved in
2 tobacco or alcohol abuse
3 physical and mental health
4 act as
5 in response to
吸烟成瘾或酗酒
身心健康
充当；起……的作用
作为对……的反应/响应
Important phrases (P14 ~ P15)
参与；卷入；与……有关联
6 rely on
7 facilitate a positive change
8 take the stairs
9 straight away
10 delete button
11 decide on
删除键
决定；选定
立刻；马上
Important phrases (P14 ~ P15)
走楼梯
依靠；依赖
促进积极的改变
如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
Important sentences (P14)
此处是 if 条件状语从句省略结构，完整的形式为 ___________________
______________.
These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. (Para. 1)
if these bad habits are
left unchecked
Think and find
在if 引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，同时从句谓语动词含有 be 动词，则可省略从句的主语和 be 动词。
If (you are) traveling north, you must change at Moscow.
2) 在if 引导的条件状语从句中，当状语从句的主语是 it，且谓语动词是
be 时，it 和 be 可以省略。
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
You must attend the meeting if (it is) convenient to you.
3) if 省略结构的固定结构：
It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If so, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
I want to avoid the rush hour traffic if possible.
Correct the errors, if any.
She seldom, if ever, goes to the cinema.
I’d say he was more like his father, if anything.
Important sentences (P14)
即学即练
The medicine will work best if ______ (take) according to the instructions.
You must find yourself upset by traffic jams if _____ (live) in the centre of the city, especially during the rush hour.
If the steps you take are working, keep it up. ________ (不然), take another look at other methods you could try.
taken
living
If not
if it was taken（被使用）
if you are living
if the steps are not work
The True Story of Ah Q written by Lu Xun is familiar to us.
The city surrounded by mountains is my hometown.
Tell the children playing there (= who are playing there) not to make so much noise.
They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south.
Important sentences (P14)
based on在句中是过去分词短语作___________，放在被修饰的名词后面，它的作用相当于一个_________。
There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are what we repeatedly do.” (Para. 2)
后置定语
定语从句
有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”
Language Points: Important sentences (P14)
1. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没到过北京。
2. 正在召开的这个会议很重要。
Apart from the urgent problems _________ (cause) by wars and conflicts, the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease.
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
The meeting (which is) being held now is very important.
caused
即学即练
用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
(1) She’d rather die than _____ (lose) the children.
(2) He is an explorer rather than a _______ (sail).
(3) You rather than I _____ (be) going to go camping.
(4) The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than ______ (cheaply).
(5) She enjoys singing rather than __________ (dance).
Important sentences (P15)
So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). (Para. 4)
因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐（惯常行为），而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松（回报）。
lose
sailor
are
cheap
dancing
(6) We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than ____ the great hall.
(7) I decide to write rather than ________________ (telephone).
(8) He came running rather than ______________ (walk).
Important sentences (P15)
rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带 to，也可以不带 to。但当rather than 位于句首时，则只能接不带 to 的不定式。
rather than 连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、分词、不定式及动词等。
rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
Summary
in
(to) telephone
walking
百搭！
就远原则！
Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport ____________ (而不是) vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California.
She likes keeping things rather than to throw them away. （改错）
是文化而不是语言使他难以适应国外的新环境。 (强调句)
rather than
throwing
翻译：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
即学即练
Important sentences (P15)
It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.
Important sentences (P15)
As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “ A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” (Para 5)
(1) 正如学校广播宣布的那样，运动会将于下月举行。
(2) 正如我所指出的，日常饮食包含蔬菜很重要。
As is announced on the school radio, the sports meeting will be held next month.
As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.
正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行，始于足下。”
Translate
Important sentences (P15)
用 which 或 as 填空。
______ you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
And our porters carry your luggage, ______ means that you can simply enjoy the experience.
Smoking is harmful to one’s health, ______ is known to us all.
It was raining heavily last night, _______ prevented me from going to the party.
as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前，而 which 则不能；
as 引导的非限制性定语从句有“正如”之意，而 which 没有此意。
As
which
as
which
Compare and Find
Important sentences (P15)
There is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
reward n.
give/ offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人奖励
in reward for 作为（对）……的奖赏、回报
e.g. He received a medal in reward for his findings.
Important sentences (P15)
reward v. to give something to someone because they have done something good or helpful or have worked for it 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
▲ reward sb. with sth. 奖赏某人某物
eg The club’s directors rewarded him with a free season ticket.
俱乐部的董事们奖赏他一张免费季票。
▲ reward sb. for (doing) sth. 为（做）某事奖赏某人
eg He gave the children some chocolate to reward them
for behaving well.
Important sentences (P15)
【语境应用】单句语法填空
1) The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will ________________ (reward) with success in the end.
2) The boss decided to give a reward to him _____________ his positive attitude towards work.
3) The girl rewarded him ___________ a smile for his help.
be rewarded
for
with
Fill in the blanks with the vocabulary from the article (para. 1)
As teenagers ________, they become more ____________ and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could _________ more serious ones when they become adults. _____________, some of them may become involved in _______ or _____________, which can lead to _________ and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from _________ a teenager’s life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make __________ changes.
grow up
independent
For example
tobacco
alcohol abuse
physical
dominating
appropriate
lead to
Fill in the blanks with the vocabulary from the article (para. 4)
To ________ a positive change in our bad habits, we must first _______ our bad habit cycles and then try to _______ them. We can do this by ___________ the information from our habit cycles ____ our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a _________ routine with something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), ___________ eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). ________ changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an _________ (cue), our _____________ is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.
facilitate
adapt
examine
negative
rather than
Aside from
escalator
normal routine
combining
with
THANK YOU