《名师导航》2014中考英语二轮专题复习：复合句

2014中考英语二轮专题复习
复合句
名师导航
1．宾语从句的时态、语序及句中连词和代词的选用。
2．状语从句中的连词及时态。
3．定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。
考点梳理
考点一 宾语从句
1．引导词
(1)在以that 引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，that 可以省略。如：
The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.
收音机报道说明天有雨。
(2)以连接代词 which, what ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), who 等或连接副词how, where, why, when 等引导特殊疑问句作宾语的从句，从句改用陈述句语序。如：
Could you tell me what he speak to you
你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？
(3)以whether 或if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句，从句改用陈述句语序。如：
I wonder whether you have told the news to Li Lei.
我想知道你是否已经知道这个消息了。
2．时态
(1)当主句为一般现在时态时，从句根据语境可以使用任何时态。如：
Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morning.小明想要知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。
(2)当主句为一般过去时态时，通常情况下，从句要用相应的过去的时态。如：
We asked what Lily was doing then.
我们问莉莉那时她正在做什么。
(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。如：
Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound.
莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。
Polly said no news is good news.
波利说没有消息就是好消息。
3．语序
宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，即主语、谓语的顺序不能颠倒。如：
Do you know where he lives
你知道他住在哪儿吗？
Can you tell me when the plane will arrive
你能告诉我飞机将在什么时候到达吗？
[提醒] 宾语从句与简单句的转换：
由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构的简单句。如：
I don't know what I should say.→I don't know what to say.
我不知道要说什么。
【即时训练】
1.【2012湖南省岳阳】23. —Do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you know the lady ______is talking with Mr. Smith
—Yes, she’s our new chemistry teacher, Miss Brown.
A. who B. which C. whom
2.【2012贵州铜仁】30. —Coul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d you tell me________________ —Yes, you can go there by bus.
A. how can I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )get to the Miao King City B. where is the Miao King City
C. how I can get to the Miao King City D. where the Miao King City is
3.【2012贵州六盘水】35. I wonder ___________ .
A. where does he live
B. how old he is
C. what is he doing
D. how soon will he come hack
4.【2012浙江温州】9, — Can you tell me______ to travel to Dalian
— About two hours by plane.
A. how much it costs B. what I should take
C. how long it takes D. which is the best season
5.【2012浙江衢州】29. — Can you tell me _______
— He is in the library.
A, where was Jack B. where Jack was
C, where is Jack D. where Jack is
考点二 状语从句
1．分类
(1)时间状语从句
由when, before, afte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r, until, as soon as, while, as, since 等引导的状语从句叫作时间状语从句。如：
I feel very happy ______ I meet my friends again.
当我再次遇见我的朋友们时，我感到很高兴。
We have made many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭，我们已经包了许多饺子了。
He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.
他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)
I'll call him as soon as he comes back.
他一回来我就给他打电话。
Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.
我玩电脑游戏的同时，爸爸在清洗汽车。
(2)条件状语从句
由if(如果)引导的状语从句叫作条件状语从句。如：
If it doesn't rai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。
(3)目的状语从句
目的状语从句的引导词有 so that, i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n order that 等。 so that, in order that 引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词，现在时态常用 may, can 或 will；过去时态常用could, should 或 might，有时也用 would。 so that 引导的从句只能位于主句后。如：
He spoke loud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er so that others could hear him clearly. 他大声地说以便其他人能听清楚。
(4)结果状语从句
结果状语从句的引导词有 so…that, such…that(如此……以至于)。如：
He is so short that he can't reach the apple.
他太矮了，够不到那个苹果。
It is such a heavy box that I can't move it.
这是一个很重的箱子，我搬不动它。
2．主句与从句时态一致的问题
(1)主将从现。即状语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句的时态受到主句时态的影响。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或含有情态动词的句子时，从句通常不用将来时态，而用一般现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。如：
I'll give it to him as soon as he arrives.
他一到我就给他。
If he comes, please tell me.
如果他来，请告诉我。
(2)since 引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句为现在完成时。如：
He has made several ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) friends since he came here two years ago. 自从他两年前来到这里，他已经交了好几个好朋友了。
(3)when 引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时态，从句用一般过去时态。如：
He was watching TV when I came in.
当我进来时，他正在看电视。
[提醒] ①宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。如：
I don't know if he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )will come.If he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否要来。如果他来，我会告诉他这起事故。
I don't know when he will come tomorrow. When he comes, I will tell him about the news.
我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时，我会告诉他这个消息。
②引导词与连词的使用
because与so, although/though与but不能同时用在一个主从复合句中。如：
Though/Although it was late, they kept working.
尽管很晚了，他们仍然继续工作。
【即时训练】
1.【2012四川省乐山市】22. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) he has little knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.
A. Although. B. Because. C. If
2.【2012山东·东营市】35. – ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Excuse me, can I interview Mr. Miller this afternoon
-- A moment, please. Let me check .
A. if Mr. Miller w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill be free B. when will Mr. Miller have time
C. if Mr. Miller ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d an appointment D. when does Mr. Miller come back
3.【2012浙江衢州】26. We Will go for a picnic if it_______tomorrow.
A. doesn't rain B. wasn't rainy
C. won't rain D. wasn't raining
4.【2012湖北黄冈】45. —Why is Harvey's mother so happy
—Because only three students _____, _____ his son Harvey.
A. failed the exam; besides B. made progress; except
C. made progress; including D. passed the exam; without
5.【2012四川达州】24. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) —I like drinking wine. But people who drink wine aren’t allowed to drive.
—If I you, I would give up wine.
were; drinking B. am; drinking
C. were; drink D. was;to drink
考点三 定语从句
1．定义
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。定语从句总是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which; who/whom/that 用于指人，that/which 用于指物，whose 既用于指人又用于指物。引导定语从句的关系副词有：when, where, why。如：
This is the student who I met yesterday.
这是我昨天见到的那个学生。
The book that you bought for me is very interesting.
你给我买的那本书很有趣。
This is the city where I lived 10 years ago.
这是我十年前居住的城市。
2．关系代词的基本用法
(1)that的先行词既可以是人也可以是物。如：
A library is a place that people like very much.
图书馆是一个人们非常喜欢的地方。
She is one of the students that works very hard.
她是最用功的学生中的一个。
(2)which 的先行词只能是物。如：
The shoe shop is a shop which sells shoes.
鞋店是销售鞋的商店。
The book(which) I read last night was wonderful.
我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。
(3)who 在定语从句中作主语；whom 是who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语；而 whose 是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语。如：
The woman who visited ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) our factory yesterday is an Australian friend. 昨天参观我们工厂的女士是一位澳大利亚朋友。
Who's that man (whom) you just talked to
刚才与你谈话的那个男人是谁？
This is our classmate, Mary, whose home is not far from our school.
这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。
(4)关系代词 whom, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑，也可以将 whom 和 which 与先行词紧挨着，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。如：
That was the room i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n which they had lived for ten years. 那是他们曾经住了十年的房子。
3．关系副词的用法
(1)when 用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：
The foreigners neve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r forget the day when they first came to the Great Wall.
那些外国人永远也不会忘记他们第一次到达长城的那天。
(2)where 用来指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如：
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
这就是我两年前住的房子。
(3)why 用来指原因，常用在先行词 reason 后面作原因状语。如：
That's the reason why he was late yesterday.
那就是他昨天为什么迟到的原因。
4．只能用that，不能用which的情况
(1)先行词是 all, nothing, everything, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。如：
All that he said is true. 他所说的都是真的。
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
(3)先行词被the only, the last 等词修饰时。如：
This is the only book(that) I have read this year.
这是我今年读过的唯一的一本书。
(4)先行词既包括人又包括物时。如：
He talked about the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people and the things (that) he remembered. 他谈论他记得的人和事。
(5)当主句是以who 或which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句用that 引导。如：
Who is the man that is standing there
站在那儿的那个人是谁？
5．只能用which，不能用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中。如：
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. 我们确实很想开的这次会议被推迟了。
(2)关系代词作介词的宾语时，用“介词＋which”结构。如：
The thing about which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he is talking of great importance. 他正谈论的事情很重要。
【即时训练】
1.【2012贵州黔东南州】29_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )--- Do you know the girl_____ is helping the old woman.
-Oh, that's my sister,
A. whom B. whose C. who D. where
2.【2012天津】44. Please pass me the cartoon book _________ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. which
3.【2012四川宜宾】26. Thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s is the primary school ______ I studied three years ago.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
4.【2012四川达州】23. —Do you enjoy My heart will go on
—No, I prefer songs loud.
A. that is B. which is C. that are D. what are
5.【2011河南】( ) 33 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Success will belong to those ________never say "impossible".
A. whom B. what C. who D. which
考点过关
I.根据句意及汉语提示完成句子
1．I didn't know _________________(他住在哪里)．
2．—Could you tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) me ______________________(你是否去) to the beach tomorrow
—I'm not sure. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___________________(如果不下雨), I'll go there.
3．The girl _____ ____ very ________(个子很高) is John's sister.
4．We like music ________ ________ _________(让我们轻松的)．
5．He likes places ________________(天气暖和的)．
6． (虽然) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it rained hard this morning, nobody in our class was late for school.
7. Our teacher told us _________________ _ (太阳从东方升起)．
8. He has made many friends (自从他来到中国)．
9．I'll stay here _______________ (直到他回来)．
10．The watch (我昨天买的) was lost.
II.单选题
1.【2012贵州安顺】17 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).I think _____ not difficult _____ English every morning．
A. that; keep reading B.it’s; keep reading
C. that; to keep reading D.it; to keep reading
2.【2012 湖北黄石】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )30.I still remember the time_____we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.
A.when B.what C.who D.which
3.【2012江苏南京】7. The En ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )glish-Chinese dictionary my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.
A. whose B. when C. who D. that
4.【2011连云港】14.—I’m new here. Could you please tell me _______
—Sure. It’s over there behind that tower.
A. where the youth centre is B. when the library opens
C. how far is the am ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )usement park D. how can I get to the underground station
5.【2012北京】34. —Can you tell me ____ the prize, Tom
—Last year.
A. when you got B. when did you get
C. when will you get D. when you will get
参考答案
即时训练
考点一 1-5ACBCD
考点二 1-5AAACA
考点三 1-5CDACC
考试过关
I.根据句意及汉语提示完成句子
1.where he lived 2.wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ether you will go If it doesn’t rain 3.who is tall 4.that are relaxing 5.which are warm 6.Although 7.that the sun rises in the east 8.since he came to China 9.until he comes back 10. I bought yesterday
II.单选题 1-5DDDAA