人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration单元测试（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration单元测试（含答案） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-02-27 21:31:55 | ||
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Unit 3 Sea Exploration
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins may be in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins has decreased by 30% since 1987.
Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in South America, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. Many live near cold waters. But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly, but they are fine swimmers. Penguins eat fish and krill(磷虾). The warming of the earth is the reason for the decrease in the number of penguins. The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperatures have reduced the supply of fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproduce(繁殖). Besides, many adult penguins die of hunger.
Widespread(广泛的)fishing, exploration for oil and oil leaks(漏)also make penguins in danger. Poisonous things in ocean waters are another danger. Penguins also have their enemies, including wild dogs, sharks, seals and sea lions.
News about penguins is not all bad, however. Several years ago, oil leaking from a ship hurt 40% of the penguins in South Africa. The penguins became covered with oil. But thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well. Then they returned the penguins to the wild. Now these South African penguins are reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.
1.The first paragraph tells us that________.
A. some new kinds of penguins appear
B. all the penguins are in danger of disappearing
C. there are twenty-seven kinds of penguins in all
D. for more than 30 years, the number of penguins has decreased by 30％
2.Which of the following is NOT the cause of penguins' decrease in numbers
A. Oil leaking.
B. Widespread fishing.
C. Human's killing.
D. Warming of the oceans.
3.What's the best title of the passage
A. Protecting our environment
B. Ocean waters are polluted
C. The decrease in the number of penguins
D. Ocean is important for penguins
B
Osedax worms have been found in oceans all over the world. They’ve only ever been spotted on bones, which makes some scientists think that the bone-eaters are specialized to live in odd ecosystems, such as whale falls. “Those kinds of animals are definitely uniquely adapted to the environment in which you find them,”says marine biologist River Dixon. She is a graduate student at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.
But as recent experiments show, the bone-eaters may not be picky about what type of bones they devour(吞食). Last year, biologists spotted Osedax worms in the Gulf of Mexico for the first time. And not on whale bones. Dixon was part of a research team that made the discovery. In early 2019, her group put the dead bodies of three alligators(短吻鳄)in water about 2 kilometers deep. Over the next few months, they sent a remote-controlled vehicle a few times to spy on what were essentially “alligator falls”.
51 days after the alligators were placed in the seawater, scientists revisited. “The flesh was gone”, Dixon says. . “It had been reduced to just the skeleton(骨骼).” And just as at whale falls, it hosted a carpet of bone-eating Osedax worms. These worms were similar to other bone-eaters but represented a never-before observed species. That means the scientists who found them get to name it (although Dixon says they haven’t settled on a name yet).
The lab where Dixon works studies food systems in the deep ocean. Algae and plants use photosynthesis(光合作用)to turn sunlight into food. Animals eat those plants and algae to survive. Then larger animals may eat those animals. But sunlight doesn’t reach the deep ocean’s bottom. So other pathways are essential. These pathways include whale falls and other dead bodies. The scientists wondered how alligator falls fit into a larger food web. To find out, they submerged them.
Studying alligator falls, Dixon says, could help show how life evolved(进化)in the deep sea. It’s possible that the creatures found on whale falls and other falls today, Dixon says, evolved from creatures that hundreds of millions of years ago would have devoured plesiosaur (蛇颈龙) falls.
4.What do we know about Osedax worms
A. They depend on bones for survival. B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They are used to clean the ocean. D. They prefer to live with whale falls.
5.Why were the dead bodies of three alligators handled that way
A. To analyze the ocean food chain.
B. To observe how deep they would fall.
C. To research on the structure of alligators.
D. To learn what would feed on their bones.
6.What does the underlined word “submerged” in the last but one paragraph mean
A. Considered. B. Required. C. Sank. D. Buried.
7.What does Dixon stress in the end
A. The pressure on creatures to have food.
B. The importance of studying falls in the ocean.
C. The consequence of consuming plesiosaur falls.
D. The influence of plesiosaur falls on the ecosystem.
C
Scientists who played hide-and-seek with rats found that their furry (毛茸茸的) subjects seemed to love the game and they were remarkably good at it.
The researchers taught six adolescent male rats how to play a one-on-one version of hide-and-seek. They equipped a large room with cardboard barriers and small containers to serve as hiding places for humans and rats respectively. The game started when the rat was placed in a small box in the middle of the room. If the rat was the “seeker”, the scientist would hide and then remotely open the box. If the rat was the “hider“, the scientist would crouch by the box when the rat came out. This led the little creature to run quickly for cover. All six rats learned how to be the seeker. Five of them were able to handle hiding as well.
Compared with something like playful wrestling, hide-and-seek is more complex for several reasons. It requires an understanding of the rules, a clear grasp of players’ distinct roles and the ability to assume different roles on different rounds. This untraditional experiment throws light on the sophisticated sense of play in these tiny creatures, and also hints at the evolutionary usefulness of this type of play.
Peggy Mason, a neurobiologist at the University of Chicago, said that she was most impressed by the discovery that the rats didn’t just learn hide and seek — they wanted to play it. “Play probably helps young animals learn how to socially interact,” Mason said. She pointed to the evidence that when the rats are prevented from playing during early development, they don’t grow into normal adults. Instead, they become anxious, they don’t play well with others and they don’t make great parents.
8.What can we learn about the rats playing hide-and-seek
A. They found much pleasure in hide-and-seek.
B. They were better than any other animal in hide-and-seek.
C. They enjoyed hide-and-seek much more than other games.
D. They had greater difficulty in learning to seek.
9.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “sophisticated” in paragraph 3
A. Unimportant B. Permanent. C. Complicated. D. Imaginary.
10.Why is playful wresting mentioned in the text
A. To indicate that hide-and-seek is much easier.
B. To indicate that hide-and-seek is more fascinating.
C. To indicate that hide-and-seek is more adventurous.
D. To indicate that hide-and-seek is more challenging.
11.What can we learn from the text
A. Evolution brings the rats the ability to play.
B. Rats are born with the ability to play socially.
C. Hide-and-seek helps rats improve their social ability.
D. Adult rats tend to play more often than young ones.
D
It is well known that rhinos (犀牛) have poor eyesight, so they mostly rely on their noses to understand the world around them. But there’s one interaction in which sound plays a key role. Southern white rhino males can either be dominant (支配地位的) or subordinate. And only the dominant males hold and defend territories. New search finds that they can distinguish the calls of other males to know who is who.
“We found that contact calls carry information about the dominance status of the males. It means that only by listening to the calls, you can say if the male is territorial or subordinate.” Ivana Cinkoval, a zoologist at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.
She and her team spent almost two years in South Africa’s Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park recording the social contact calls of male rhinos. Then they played those calls back to dominant territorial males and watched the responses.
The researchers asked that the rhino calls not be included in this program due to the concern that calls might be used for illegal hunting. Back to the reactions of the rhinos.
“They started to search for the unexpected visitor the most quickly and spent the longest time searching around for the unwelcome visitor after the playback of the subordinate call, which was quite surprising.”
Only territorial male rhinos hold breeding (交配繁育) opportunities with the female rhinos. Subordinate males could thus be interested in challenging the territorial male for dominance. But dominant males rarely lose their territories to subordinate males, at least while they’re in prime condition.
12.What do dominant males rely on to identify others
A. Sense of hearing. B. Sense of touch.
C. Sense of sight. D. Sense of smell.
13.Why didn’t researchers allow recorded calls to be included in the program
A. To protect their intellectual property rights.
B. To keep people from being frightened by them.
C. To prevent them from being used for hunting rhinos.
D. To cover up the fact of illegal hunting in rhinos.
14.How did dominant males react to the subordinate call
A. They started to search for a hiding place.
B. They sought for the comer quickly and carefully.
C. They ran away from the unexpected visitors.
D. They looked around with great alarm.
15.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Territorial males’ dominance is generally stable.
B. Dominance males’ position is challenging.
C. Subordinate males are aggressive.
D. Subordinate males have breeding opportunities.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Activate Brain Cells
Scientists used to think that your brain stopped growing new cells once you reached adulthood. Happily, current research shows that it isn't true! As you get older, you can continue to grow new brain cells.
Get regular aerobic(有氧的) exercise.
Research shows that regular aerobic exercise over a long period of time can better improve brain cells' growth than other forms of exercise. Add aerobic activities such as swimming, power walking, or jogging, to your regular routine. ①_____
Do stress-relieving activities.
Activities that reduce stress and give you a sense of well-being can encourage the growth of new brain cells. ②_____ You can do some yoga, read your favorite book, or listen to relaxing music.
③_____
Antioxidant-rich(富含抗氧化物的) foods can prevent damage to your current brain cells and promote the growth of new, healthy cells. Omega-3 fatty acids may also help improve your brain's health. Add plenty of brain-boosting foods to your diet, such as vegetable oil, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish.
Maintain an active social life.
④_____ It's also good for your brain. Socializing helps keep your brain cells active, preventing some of the loss of brain function. If you can't socialize in person, reach your friends over the phone or on social media.
Get plenty of good-quality sleep.
If you're an adult, try to get 7 - 9 hours of sleep each night. If you're a teen, aim for 8-10 hours. Your brain heals itself of the day's stresses while you sleep. ⑤_____ You can improve your sleep by going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.
A. Spending time with friends isn't just enjoyable.
B. Eat foods rich in antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids.
C. Any kind of head injury may put you at risk of brain damage.
D. Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.
E. For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week.
F. Fortunately, there are treatments that can help you restore your brain's health.
G. It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Terry Fox never thought he'd live a great life. He liked sports, but no one thought he was talented. However, Terry was 1 for one reason—he had determination.
Terry was too short for basketball, but he worked harder at it. He also practiced cross-country running though he didn't like it. Finally he 2 the basketball team and even won the Athlete of the Year award later.
During his first year at university, he had a(n) 3 in his right knee, which was so bad that he couldn't stand up. He went to see a doctor. The doctor told that he had cancer. He was going to lose one of his 4 and be given an artificial one.
Terry's family and friends all gave him support. "Knowing that all those people 5 about me really helped me," Terry said. He decided to face it with courage and 6 .
One night Terry was looking through an article about Dick Traum, who also had an artificial leg and had 7 the New York City Marathon. "If he can do it," thought Terry, "I can, too. I'll run across Canada and 8 money for cancer research. It will be a Marathon of 9 !"
Terry began to run a little every day. It is 5,300 miles across Canada. Terry hoped to run thirty to forty miles a day so that it would 10 him less than six months. Most of all, he hoped to raise $ 1 million for cancer research. Because Terry had an artificial leg, running wasn't 11 . People supported Terry. As he ran, they 12 and cheered. However, he had to give up the Marathon after 3,339 miles, with a sharp pain in his chest. He told the people before he left, "I just hope people will 13 to give money." And they did. More than $23 million was given.
Terry 14 a lot of awards all his life. He passed away on June 28, 1981, almost a year after his Marathon of Hope. He was considered a 15 in all areas of his life.
1. A. special B. energetic C. powerful D. independent
2. A. refused B. made C. escaped D. supported
3. A. pain B. operation C. stretch D. check
4. A. feet B. knees C. legs D. bones
5. A. wished B. remembered C. minded D. cared
6. A. happiness B. patience C. curiosity D. determination
7. A. run B. watched C. learned D. held
8. A. earn B. borrow C. raise D. provide
9. A. Hope B. Strength C. Love D. Courage
10. A. leave B. waste C. keep D. take
11. A. complicated B. rewarding C. easy D. necessary
12. A. complained B. waved C. admired D. nodded
13. A. plan B. compete C. continue D. choose
14. A. received B. admitted C. benefited D. gave
15. A. worker B. winner C. player D. leader
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Despite many laws and national parks protecting tigers, their habitats continue to be destroyed and they are still being hunted. ①________ (honest) speaking, tigers are among the most endangered species in the world nowadays. Altogether, there are no more than 5,000 tigers ②________(leave) in the wild. Some think that the tiger is already to the point of ③_______ (extinct) in the wild. There are many reasons for this, like habitat loss and hunting.
Actually, over the last few decades, a number of steps ④______ (take) to help preserve the tiger. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)was set up to protect wildlife and their habitats in ⑤______ early 2000s. Today WCS is carrying out work in 53 nations across the world, protecting a great variety of species from butterflies to tigers. In 2010, WCS started Tigers Forever, ⑥_______ aim was to increase the number of tigers in the world ⑦_______ 50 percent in the next 10 years. ⑧_______ (achieve) their goals, they are working together with not only governments ⑨_______ other organizations to protect tigers and other wild species.
Right now the tiger population is increasing steadily under this program in India and in Far East Russia. Thanks to the hard work of WCS, these large cats have a ⑩________ (good) chance of survival in their natural environments than ever, not just in zoos.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
近十年来,海洋生态系统(marine ecosystems)遭受破坏,很多海洋生物已经灭绝,这引起了全世界范围内的关注。假设你是高二(3)班的李明,你所在的学校正在进行有关“生态保护”的校刊专题报道,现请用英文写一篇关于海洋生态系统保护的文章进行投稿。
内容要点:
1.人们应该意识到保护海洋的重要性;
2.政府应当采取有效的措施保护海洋生态系统;
3.我们要提高自身的环保意识,努力保护海洋生态系统。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
I'm Li Ming, a student from Class 3, Grade 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a cold windy day, a poor boy tried to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door. Wandering on the street, he was not a successful seller. What's worse, he found that he only had one dime(十分钱) left. His empty stomach reminded him constantly that for days he hadn't eaten anything. He had no choice but to beg for a meal at the next house.
Hesitantly he knocked at door, thinking about what to say when it opened. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. "What can I do for you " asked the young woman. The boy paused for a while "Would you please give me some...a drink of water " the boy dared not to look directly into her eyes. She looked at the bony boy and thought he might need something to give him energy so she brought him a glass of milk. His head rising and small hands taking the cup, he drank it up slowly, and then asked, "How much do I owe you " "You don't owe me anything," she replied with a warm smile on her face. "My mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness." Deeply moved, he said sincerely, “Then I shall thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the whole human race. As a matter of fact, he was about to give up and quit before that point.
Years later the young woman became critically ill. However, the local doctors were unable to give the effective medical treatment. Finally they sent her to a hospital in the big city, where specialists can be called in to cure her rare disease. Among those famous specialists, Dr. Howard Kelly was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she car me from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
Paragraph 1:
Dressed in his doctor's gown, he went in to see her. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The bill was sent to her room. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句" The number of penguins has decreased by 30% since 1987.(自1987年以来，企鹅的数量减少了30%）"可知，三十多年来，企鹅的数量减少了30%。故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"The warming of the earth is the reason for the decrease in the number of penguins. The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperatures have reduced the supply of fish and krill.(地球变暖是企鹅数量减少的原因。空气变热导致海水变暖。水温升高减少了鱼类和磷虾的供应) "可知，海水变暖是企鹅数量减少的原因；根据第三段第一句"Widespread(广泛的)fishing, exploration for oil and oil leaks(漏)also make penguins in danger.(广泛的捕鱼、石油勘探和石油泄漏也使企鹅处于危险之中）"可知，广泛的捕鱼和石油泄漏也是企鹅数量减少的原因。选项C. " Human's killing.（人类的屠杀）"在文章中未提及。故选C。
3.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句"The number of penguins has decreased by 30% since 1987.(自1987年以来，企鹅的数量减少了30%)"及后文对企鹅数量减少的原因分析可知，本文主要围绕企鹅数量减少这一主题，因而"The decrease in the number of penguins（企鹅数量的减少）"适合作为本文的标题。故选C。
B
4.答案：A
解析：本题考查推断理解。根据第一段第二句“they've only ever been spotted on bones”它们只出现在骨头上，可知，这类生物在骨头上生存，故选A。
5.答案：D
解析：本题考查细节理解。根据第三段“And just as whale falls, it...Osedax worms”就像在鲸鱼瀑布一样，这里也有一群吃骨头的奥塞达蠕虫。可知，研究团队做此研究是为了验证此蠕虫会吃骨头，即什么会以短吻鳄的骨头为食，故选D。
6.答案：C
解析：本题考查词义猜测。submerged“淹没”，根据第四段可知，当短吻鳄掉入海底，这些蠕虫就会迅速爬满尸体，将其淹没，sank“下沉”，符合题意。considered“考虑，认为”；required“要求”；buried“埋葬”。故选C。
7.答案：B
解析：本题考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“Studying alligator falls...in the deep sea. 迪克逊说，研究鳄鱼瀑布有助于展示深海生物是如何进化的，以及“evolved from creatures that...plesiosaur falls”从几亿年前吞食蛇颈龙瀑布的生物进化而来，Dixon是在强调蛇颈龙瀑布的重要性，故选B。
C
8.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists who played hide-and-seek with rats found that their furry(毛草茸的）subjects seemed to love the game and they were remarkably good at it.（科学家们在和老鼠玩捉迷藏游戏时发现，毛茸茸的老鼠似乎很喜欢这个游戏，而且玩得非常好）”可知，玩捉迷藏的老鼠在捉迷藏中找到了很多乐趣。故选A。
9.答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Compared with something like playful wrestling, hide-and-seek is more complex for several reasons.(与好玩的摔跤相比，捉迷藏要复杂得多）”以及画线词后文“sense of play in these tiny creatures”可知，这个非传统的实验揭示了这些微小生物复杂的游戏意识，故划线词意思是“复杂的”。故选C。
10.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Compared with something like playful wrestling, hide-and-seek is more complex for several reasons. It requires an understanding of the rules, a clear grasp of players' distinct roles and the ability to assume different roles on different rounds.(与好玩的摔跤相比，捉迷藏要复杂得多。它需要对规则的理解，对玩家不同角色的清晰把握，以及在不同回合扮演不同角色的能力)”可知，文中提到了好玩的摔跤是为了说明捉迷藏更有挑战性，故选D。
11.答案：C
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘Play probably helps young animals learn how to socially interact,’ Mason said. She pointed to the evidence that when the rats are prevented from playing during early development, they don't grow into normal adults. Instead, they become anxious, they don't play well with others and they don't make great parents.(梅森说：“玩耍可能有助于小动物学习如何社交。”她指出，有证据表明，当老鼠在发育早期被阻止玩耍时，它们就不能长成正常的成年老鼠。相反，他们变得焦虑，他们不能很好地与他人相处，他们也不能成为伟大的父母)”可知，捉迷藏帮助老鼠提高社交能力。故选C。
D
12.答案：A
13.答案：C
14.答案：B
15.答案：A
第二节
答案：EDBAG
解析：①考查上下文语境。本段建议进行有规律的有氧运动,长时间有规律的有氧运动比其他形式的运动更能刺激脑细胞的生长。上句提到在日常生活中增加一些有氧运动,如游泳、步行或慢跑。E项"For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week."是对上句运动的具体实施建议,符合语境。
②考查上下文语境。本段建议做减压的活动。上句提到减轻压力、给你带来幸福感的活动可以促进新的脑细胞生长。D项"Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day."表示要尝试每天做一些能带来快乐和使你放松的事情,承接上句句意。且bring you pleasure和上句中的give you a sense of well-being语境一致,help you relax和上句中的reduce stress语境一致。
③考查段落主题句。下文提到富含抗氧化剂的食物可以防止损害现有的脑细胞,促进新的健康细胞的生长。ω-3脂肪酸也可以帮助改善你的大脑健康。文章建议我们多食用富含这些的食物。B项"Eat foods rich in antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids."表达了此意,概括了本段的大意。
④考查上下文语境。本段建议我们要保持积极健康的社交生活,空后提到这对大脑也有好处,根据also可知空格处应该说明对其他方面的好处。A项"Spending time with friends isn't just enjoyable."表达了此意,与下句并列,符合语境。
⑤考查上下文语境。本段建议我们要享受高质量的生活。空前提到睡眠时人的大脑会从白天的压力中恢复过来,说明了睡眠对大脑的好处之一。G项"It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories."与上句并列,说明睡眠对大脑的另一好处是可以处理白天获取的信息,帮助你学习和保存新的记忆。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 ABACD 6-10 DACAD 11-15 CBCAB
解析：1.Terry Fox喜欢运动，但人们认为他没有天赋。然而，由于他有毅力，所以他与众不同。special"特殊的"； energetic"精力充沛的"； powerful"强大的"； independent"独立的"。
2.由空后讲的他后来甚至赢得了年度最佳运动员奖可知， Terry成功进入篮球队。make在此意为“成功获得/达到（某一位置、速度等）”。
3.此处是指Terry上大学一年级时，他的右膝很疼以至于不能站起来。
4.此处指右腿要被截去。下文中的"Because Terry had an artificial leg"亦是提示。
5.Terry的家人、朋友给予了他支持，所有的人都关心他，空处应是一个与"support"相同范畴的动词。故选D。
6.此处与第一段段尾的"he had determination"相呼应，表示Terry要用勇气和毅力来面对癌症。determination"毅力"； happiness"幸福"； patience"耐心"； curiosity"好奇心"。
7.Terry读到一篇文章，这篇文章讲述了Dick Traum也有一条假腿，他曾参加纽约市马拉松赛跑。
8.Teny读完这篇文章后，受到了 Dick Traum的激励，打算跑步横跨加拿大，以此为癌症研究筹募善款。raise意为"筹募"。下文中的"raise $1 million for cancer research"是信息提示。
9.Teny将他的这次活动命名为"希望马拉松"。下文中的"He passed away on June 28, 1981，almost a year after his Marathon of Hope"是提示。
10.Terry希望每天跑30至40英里，这样，横跨加拿大将会花费他不足六个月的时间。It takes sb. some time to do sth.是固定句型，take表示"花费"。
11.对于像Terry这样有一条假腿的人来说，跑步并不是一件容易的事。complicated"复杂的"；rewarding"值得做的，有益的"； necessary"必要的"。
12.旁观的人们支持Terry，当他跑步的时候,他们挥手喝彩。
13.当Terry跑到3339英里的时候，他的胸口一阵剧痛，所以他不得不放弃这次马拉松赛跑。他希望人们继续(为癌症研究）捐款。
14.此处指Terry一生获得了很多奖项。receive表示"收到;获得"； admit"承认"； benefit"有益于"。
15.Terry身残志坚、热心公益事业，用巨大的勇气和毅力赢得一个又一个的成就，可以说他在各方面都是赢家。
第二节
答案：①Honestly ②left ③extinction ④have been taken ⑤the ⑥whose ⑦by ⑧To achieve ⑨but ⑩better
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Editor,
I'm Li Ming, a student from Class 3, Grade 2. The past ten years have witnessed that some creatures under the sea have died out, which has been greatly concerned by the whole world.
First, people should be aware of the importance of protecting the ocean. As a matter of fact, to protect the ocean is to protect human beings. Second, it is urgent that the government should take immediate measures to protect the marine ecosystems. Finally, I'm sure that only by raising the awareness of protecting the marine ecosystems and making great efforts can we solve the problem.
Yours,
Li Ming
第二节
答案：One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Dressed in his doctor's gown, he went in to see her. He saw her lie on the bed and recognized her at once. Her lovely face looked pale. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case. Luckily, after a long struggle, the battle was won, Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side.
Paragraph 2:
The bill was sent to her room. Hesitantly she took it. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she opened it, on the side of which a note caught her attention. She read these words, "Paid in full with a glass of milk." signed Dr. Howard Kelly. Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently, "Thank you, God."
2
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins may be in danger of disappearing. The number of penguins has decreased by 30% since 1987.
Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world. They are common in South America, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. Many live near cold waters. But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands. Penguins cannot fly, but they are fine swimmers. Penguins eat fish and krill(磷虾). The warming of the earth is the reason for the decrease in the number of penguins. The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperatures have reduced the supply of fish and krill. Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproduce(繁殖). Besides, many adult penguins die of hunger.
Widespread(广泛的)fishing, exploration for oil and oil leaks(漏)also make penguins in danger. Poisonous things in ocean waters are another danger. Penguins also have their enemies, including wild dogs, sharks, seals and sea lions.
News about penguins is not all bad, however. Several years ago, oil leaking from a ship hurt 40% of the penguins in South Africa. The penguins became covered with oil. But thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well. Then they returned the penguins to the wild. Now these South African penguins are reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.
1.The first paragraph tells us that________.
A. some new kinds of penguins appear
B. all the penguins are in danger of disappearing
C. there are twenty-seven kinds of penguins in all
D. for more than 30 years, the number of penguins has decreased by 30％
2.Which of the following is NOT the cause of penguins' decrease in numbers
A. Oil leaking.
B. Widespread fishing.
C. Human's killing.
D. Warming of the oceans.
3.What's the best title of the passage
A. Protecting our environment
B. Ocean waters are polluted
C. The decrease in the number of penguins
D. Ocean is important for penguins
B
Osedax worms have been found in oceans all over the world. They’ve only ever been spotted on bones, which makes some scientists think that the bone-eaters are specialized to live in odd ecosystems, such as whale falls. “Those kinds of animals are definitely uniquely adapted to the environment in which you find them,”says marine biologist River Dixon. She is a graduate student at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.
But as recent experiments show, the bone-eaters may not be picky about what type of bones they devour(吞食). Last year, biologists spotted Osedax worms in the Gulf of Mexico for the first time. And not on whale bones. Dixon was part of a research team that made the discovery. In early 2019, her group put the dead bodies of three alligators(短吻鳄)in water about 2 kilometers deep. Over the next few months, they sent a remote-controlled vehicle a few times to spy on what were essentially “alligator falls”.
51 days after the alligators were placed in the seawater, scientists revisited. “The flesh was gone”, Dixon says. . “It had been reduced to just the skeleton(骨骼).” And just as at whale falls, it hosted a carpet of bone-eating Osedax worms. These worms were similar to other bone-eaters but represented a never-before observed species. That means the scientists who found them get to name it (although Dixon says they haven’t settled on a name yet).
The lab where Dixon works studies food systems in the deep ocean. Algae and plants use photosynthesis(光合作用)to turn sunlight into food. Animals eat those plants and algae to survive. Then larger animals may eat those animals. But sunlight doesn’t reach the deep ocean’s bottom. So other pathways are essential. These pathways include whale falls and other dead bodies. The scientists wondered how alligator falls fit into a larger food web. To find out, they submerged them.
Studying alligator falls, Dixon says, could help show how life evolved(进化)in the deep sea. It’s possible that the creatures found on whale falls and other falls today, Dixon says, evolved from creatures that hundreds of millions of years ago would have devoured plesiosaur (蛇颈龙) falls.
4.What do we know about Osedax worms
A. They depend on bones for survival. B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They are used to clean the ocean. D. They prefer to live with whale falls.
5.Why were the dead bodies of three alligators handled that way
A. To analyze the ocean food chain.
B. To observe how deep they would fall.
C. To research on the structure of alligators.
D. To learn what would feed on their bones.
6.What does the underlined word “submerged” in the last but one paragraph mean
A. Considered. B. Required. C. Sank. D. Buried.
7.What does Dixon stress in the end
A. The pressure on creatures to have food.
B. The importance of studying falls in the ocean.
C. The consequence of consuming plesiosaur falls.
D. The influence of plesiosaur falls on the ecosystem.
C
Scientists who played hide-and-seek with rats found that their furry (毛茸茸的) subjects seemed to love the game and they were remarkably good at it.
The researchers taught six adolescent male rats how to play a one-on-one version of hide-and-seek. They equipped a large room with cardboard barriers and small containers to serve as hiding places for humans and rats respectively. The game started when the rat was placed in a small box in the middle of the room. If the rat was the “seeker”, the scientist would hide and then remotely open the box. If the rat was the “hider“, the scientist would crouch by the box when the rat came out. This led the little creature to run quickly for cover. All six rats learned how to be the seeker. Five of them were able to handle hiding as well.
Compared with something like playful wrestling, hide-and-seek is more complex for several reasons. It requires an understanding of the rules, a clear grasp of players’ distinct roles and the ability to assume different roles on different rounds. This untraditional experiment throws light on the sophisticated sense of play in these tiny creatures, and also hints at the evolutionary usefulness of this type of play.
Peggy Mason, a neurobiologist at the University of Chicago, said that she was most impressed by the discovery that the rats didn’t just learn hide and seek — they wanted to play it. “Play probably helps young animals learn how to socially interact,” Mason said. She pointed to the evidence that when the rats are prevented from playing during early development, they don’t grow into normal adults. Instead, they become anxious, they don’t play well with others and they don’t make great parents.
8.What can we learn about the rats playing hide-and-seek
A. They found much pleasure in hide-and-seek.
B. They were better than any other animal in hide-and-seek.
C. They enjoyed hide-and-seek much more than other games.
D. They had greater difficulty in learning to seek.
9.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “sophisticated” in paragraph 3
A. Unimportant B. Permanent. C. Complicated. D. Imaginary.
10.Why is playful wresting mentioned in the text
A. To indicate that hide-and-seek is much easier.
B. To indicate that hide-and-seek is more fascinating.
C. To indicate that hide-and-seek is more adventurous.
D. To indicate that hide-and-seek is more challenging.
11.What can we learn from the text
A. Evolution brings the rats the ability to play.
B. Rats are born with the ability to play socially.
C. Hide-and-seek helps rats improve their social ability.
D. Adult rats tend to play more often than young ones.
D
It is well known that rhinos (犀牛) have poor eyesight, so they mostly rely on their noses to understand the world around them. But there’s one interaction in which sound plays a key role. Southern white rhino males can either be dominant (支配地位的) or subordinate. And only the dominant males hold and defend territories. New search finds that they can distinguish the calls of other males to know who is who.
“We found that contact calls carry information about the dominance status of the males. It means that only by listening to the calls, you can say if the male is territorial or subordinate.” Ivana Cinkoval, a zoologist at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa.
She and her team spent almost two years in South Africa’s Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park recording the social contact calls of male rhinos. Then they played those calls back to dominant territorial males and watched the responses.
The researchers asked that the rhino calls not be included in this program due to the concern that calls might be used for illegal hunting. Back to the reactions of the rhinos.
“They started to search for the unexpected visitor the most quickly and spent the longest time searching around for the unwelcome visitor after the playback of the subordinate call, which was quite surprising.”
Only territorial male rhinos hold breeding (交配繁育) opportunities with the female rhinos. Subordinate males could thus be interested in challenging the territorial male for dominance. But dominant males rarely lose their territories to subordinate males, at least while they’re in prime condition.
12.What do dominant males rely on to identify others
A. Sense of hearing. B. Sense of touch.
C. Sense of sight. D. Sense of smell.
13.Why didn’t researchers allow recorded calls to be included in the program
A. To protect their intellectual property rights.
B. To keep people from being frightened by them.
C. To prevent them from being used for hunting rhinos.
D. To cover up the fact of illegal hunting in rhinos.
14.How did dominant males react to the subordinate call
A. They started to search for a hiding place.
B. They sought for the comer quickly and carefully.
C. They ran away from the unexpected visitors.
D. They looked around with great alarm.
15.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Territorial males’ dominance is generally stable.
B. Dominance males’ position is challenging.
C. Subordinate males are aggressive.
D. Subordinate males have breeding opportunities.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Activate Brain Cells
Scientists used to think that your brain stopped growing new cells once you reached adulthood. Happily, current research shows that it isn't true! As you get older, you can continue to grow new brain cells.
Get regular aerobic(有氧的) exercise.
Research shows that regular aerobic exercise over a long period of time can better improve brain cells' growth than other forms of exercise. Add aerobic activities such as swimming, power walking, or jogging, to your regular routine. ①_____
Do stress-relieving activities.
Activities that reduce stress and give you a sense of well-being can encourage the growth of new brain cells. ②_____ You can do some yoga, read your favorite book, or listen to relaxing music.
③_____
Antioxidant-rich(富含抗氧化物的) foods can prevent damage to your current brain cells and promote the growth of new, healthy cells. Omega-3 fatty acids may also help improve your brain's health. Add plenty of brain-boosting foods to your diet, such as vegetable oil, nuts, green tea, blueberries and fatty fish.
Maintain an active social life.
④_____ It's also good for your brain. Socializing helps keep your brain cells active, preventing some of the loss of brain function. If you can't socialize in person, reach your friends over the phone or on social media.
Get plenty of good-quality sleep.
If you're an adult, try to get 7 - 9 hours of sleep each night. If you're a teen, aim for 8-10 hours. Your brain heals itself of the day's stresses while you sleep. ⑤_____ You can improve your sleep by going to bed and waking up at the same time every day.
A. Spending time with friends isn't just enjoyable.
B. Eat foods rich in antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids.
C. Any kind of head injury may put you at risk of brain damage.
D. Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day.
E. For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week.
F. Fortunately, there are treatments that can help you restore your brain's health.
G. It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Terry Fox never thought he'd live a great life. He liked sports, but no one thought he was talented. However, Terry was 1 for one reason—he had determination.
Terry was too short for basketball, but he worked harder at it. He also practiced cross-country running though he didn't like it. Finally he 2 the basketball team and even won the Athlete of the Year award later.
During his first year at university, he had a(n) 3 in his right knee, which was so bad that he couldn't stand up. He went to see a doctor. The doctor told that he had cancer. He was going to lose one of his 4 and be given an artificial one.
Terry's family and friends all gave him support. "Knowing that all those people 5 about me really helped me," Terry said. He decided to face it with courage and 6 .
One night Terry was looking through an article about Dick Traum, who also had an artificial leg and had 7 the New York City Marathon. "If he can do it," thought Terry, "I can, too. I'll run across Canada and 8 money for cancer research. It will be a Marathon of 9 !"
Terry began to run a little every day. It is 5,300 miles across Canada. Terry hoped to run thirty to forty miles a day so that it would 10 him less than six months. Most of all, he hoped to raise $ 1 million for cancer research. Because Terry had an artificial leg, running wasn't 11 . People supported Terry. As he ran, they 12 and cheered. However, he had to give up the Marathon after 3,339 miles, with a sharp pain in his chest. He told the people before he left, "I just hope people will 13 to give money." And they did. More than $23 million was given.
Terry 14 a lot of awards all his life. He passed away on June 28, 1981, almost a year after his Marathon of Hope. He was considered a 15 in all areas of his life.
1. A. special B. energetic C. powerful D. independent
2. A. refused B. made C. escaped D. supported
3. A. pain B. operation C. stretch D. check
4. A. feet B. knees C. legs D. bones
5. A. wished B. remembered C. minded D. cared
6. A. happiness B. patience C. curiosity D. determination
7. A. run B. watched C. learned D. held
8. A. earn B. borrow C. raise D. provide
9. A. Hope B. Strength C. Love D. Courage
10. A. leave B. waste C. keep D. take
11. A. complicated B. rewarding C. easy D. necessary
12. A. complained B. waved C. admired D. nodded
13. A. plan B. compete C. continue D. choose
14. A. received B. admitted C. benefited D. gave
15. A. worker B. winner C. player D. leader
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Despite many laws and national parks protecting tigers, their habitats continue to be destroyed and they are still being hunted. ①________ (honest) speaking, tigers are among the most endangered species in the world nowadays. Altogether, there are no more than 5,000 tigers ②________(leave) in the wild. Some think that the tiger is already to the point of ③_______ (extinct) in the wild. There are many reasons for this, like habitat loss and hunting.
Actually, over the last few decades, a number of steps ④______ (take) to help preserve the tiger. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)was set up to protect wildlife and their habitats in ⑤______ early 2000s. Today WCS is carrying out work in 53 nations across the world, protecting a great variety of species from butterflies to tigers. In 2010, WCS started Tigers Forever, ⑥_______ aim was to increase the number of tigers in the world ⑦_______ 50 percent in the next 10 years. ⑧_______ (achieve) their goals, they are working together with not only governments ⑨_______ other organizations to protect tigers and other wild species.
Right now the tiger population is increasing steadily under this program in India and in Far East Russia. Thanks to the hard work of WCS, these large cats have a ⑩________ (good) chance of survival in their natural environments than ever, not just in zoos.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
近十年来,海洋生态系统(marine ecosystems)遭受破坏,很多海洋生物已经灭绝,这引起了全世界范围内的关注。假设你是高二(3)班的李明,你所在的学校正在进行有关“生态保护”的校刊专题报道,现请用英文写一篇关于海洋生态系统保护的文章进行投稿。
内容要点:
1.人们应该意识到保护海洋的重要性;
2.政府应当采取有效的措施保护海洋生态系统;
3.我们要提高自身的环保意识,努力保护海洋生态系统。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
I'm Li Ming, a student from Class 3, Grade 2. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a cold windy day, a poor boy tried to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door. Wandering on the street, he was not a successful seller. What's worse, he found that he only had one dime(十分钱) left. His empty stomach reminded him constantly that for days he hadn't eaten anything. He had no choice but to beg for a meal at the next house.
Hesitantly he knocked at door, thinking about what to say when it opened. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. "What can I do for you " asked the young woman. The boy paused for a while "Would you please give me some...a drink of water " the boy dared not to look directly into her eyes. She looked at the bony boy and thought he might need something to give him energy so she brought him a glass of milk. His head rising and small hands taking the cup, he drank it up slowly, and then asked, "How much do I owe you " "You don't owe me anything," she replied with a warm smile on her face. "My mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness." Deeply moved, he said sincerely, “Then I shall thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the whole human race. As a matter of fact, he was about to give up and quit before that point.
Years later the young woman became critically ill. However, the local doctors were unable to give the effective medical treatment. Finally they sent her to a hospital in the big city, where specialists can be called in to cure her rare disease. Among those famous specialists, Dr. Howard Kelly was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she car me from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
Paragraph 1:
Dressed in his doctor's gown, he went in to see her. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The bill was sent to her room. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句" The number of penguins has decreased by 30% since 1987.(自1987年以来，企鹅的数量减少了30%）"可知，三十多年来，企鹅的数量减少了30%。故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"The warming of the earth is the reason for the decrease in the number of penguins. The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer. Higher water temperatures have reduced the supply of fish and krill.(地球变暖是企鹅数量减少的原因。空气变热导致海水变暖。水温升高减少了鱼类和磷虾的供应) "可知，海水变暖是企鹅数量减少的原因；根据第三段第一句"Widespread(广泛的)fishing, exploration for oil and oil leaks(漏)also make penguins in danger.(广泛的捕鱼、石油勘探和石油泄漏也使企鹅处于危险之中）"可知，广泛的捕鱼和石油泄漏也是企鹅数量减少的原因。选项C. " Human's killing.（人类的屠杀）"在文章中未提及。故选C。
3.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句"The number of penguins has decreased by 30% since 1987.(自1987年以来，企鹅的数量减少了30%)"及后文对企鹅数量减少的原因分析可知，本文主要围绕企鹅数量减少这一主题，因而"The decrease in the number of penguins（企鹅数量的减少）"适合作为本文的标题。故选C。
B
4.答案：A
解析：本题考查推断理解。根据第一段第二句“they've only ever been spotted on bones”它们只出现在骨头上，可知，这类生物在骨头上生存，故选A。
5.答案：D
解析：本题考查细节理解。根据第三段“And just as whale falls, it...Osedax worms”就像在鲸鱼瀑布一样，这里也有一群吃骨头的奥塞达蠕虫。可知，研究团队做此研究是为了验证此蠕虫会吃骨头，即什么会以短吻鳄的骨头为食，故选D。
6.答案：C
解析：本题考查词义猜测。submerged“淹没”，根据第四段可知，当短吻鳄掉入海底，这些蠕虫就会迅速爬满尸体，将其淹没，sank“下沉”，符合题意。considered“考虑，认为”；required“要求”；buried“埋葬”。故选C。
7.答案：B
解析：本题考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“Studying alligator falls...in the deep sea. 迪克逊说，研究鳄鱼瀑布有助于展示深海生物是如何进化的，以及“evolved from creatures that...plesiosaur falls”从几亿年前吞食蛇颈龙瀑布的生物进化而来，Dixon是在强调蛇颈龙瀑布的重要性，故选B。
C
8.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists who played hide-and-seek with rats found that their furry(毛草茸的）subjects seemed to love the game and they were remarkably good at it.（科学家们在和老鼠玩捉迷藏游戏时发现，毛茸茸的老鼠似乎很喜欢这个游戏，而且玩得非常好）”可知，玩捉迷藏的老鼠在捉迷藏中找到了很多乐趣。故选A。
9.答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Compared with something like playful wrestling, hide-and-seek is more complex for several reasons.(与好玩的摔跤相比，捉迷藏要复杂得多）”以及画线词后文“sense of play in these tiny creatures”可知，这个非传统的实验揭示了这些微小生物复杂的游戏意识，故划线词意思是“复杂的”。故选C。
10.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Compared with something like playful wrestling, hide-and-seek is more complex for several reasons. It requires an understanding of the rules, a clear grasp of players' distinct roles and the ability to assume different roles on different rounds.(与好玩的摔跤相比，捉迷藏要复杂得多。它需要对规则的理解，对玩家不同角色的清晰把握，以及在不同回合扮演不同角色的能力)”可知，文中提到了好玩的摔跤是为了说明捉迷藏更有挑战性，故选D。
11.答案：C
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘Play probably helps young animals learn how to socially interact,’ Mason said. She pointed to the evidence that when the rats are prevented from playing during early development, they don't grow into normal adults. Instead, they become anxious, they don't play well with others and they don't make great parents.(梅森说：“玩耍可能有助于小动物学习如何社交。”她指出，有证据表明，当老鼠在发育早期被阻止玩耍时，它们就不能长成正常的成年老鼠。相反，他们变得焦虑，他们不能很好地与他人相处，他们也不能成为伟大的父母)”可知，捉迷藏帮助老鼠提高社交能力。故选C。
D
12.答案：A
13.答案：C
14.答案：B
15.答案：A
第二节
答案：EDBAG
解析：①考查上下文语境。本段建议进行有规律的有氧运动,长时间有规律的有氧运动比其他形式的运动更能刺激脑细胞的生长。上句提到在日常生活中增加一些有氧运动,如游泳、步行或慢跑。E项"For example, you might aim for 30 minutes of jogging a day, 5 days a week."是对上句运动的具体实施建议,符合语境。
②考查上下文语境。本段建议做减压的活动。上句提到减轻压力、给你带来幸福感的活动可以促进新的脑细胞生长。D项"Try to do things that bring you pleasure and help you relax every day."表示要尝试每天做一些能带来快乐和使你放松的事情,承接上句句意。且bring you pleasure和上句中的give you a sense of well-being语境一致,help you relax和上句中的reduce stress语境一致。
③考查段落主题句。下文提到富含抗氧化剂的食物可以防止损害现有的脑细胞,促进新的健康细胞的生长。ω-3脂肪酸也可以帮助改善你的大脑健康。文章建议我们多食用富含这些的食物。B项"Eat foods rich in antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids."表达了此意,概括了本段的大意。
④考查上下文语境。本段建议我们要保持积极健康的社交生活,空后提到这对大脑也有好处,根据also可知空格处应该说明对其他方面的好处。A项"Spending time with friends isn't just enjoyable."表达了此意,与下句并列,符合语境。
⑤考查上下文语境。本段建议我们要享受高质量的生活。空前提到睡眠时人的大脑会从白天的压力中恢复过来,说明了睡眠对大脑的好处之一。G项"It also processes information you picked up during the day, helping you to learn and preserve new memories."与上句并列,说明睡眠对大脑的另一好处是可以处理白天获取的信息,帮助你学习和保存新的记忆。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 ABACD 6-10 DACAD 11-15 CBCAB
解析：1.Terry Fox喜欢运动，但人们认为他没有天赋。然而，由于他有毅力，所以他与众不同。special"特殊的"； energetic"精力充沛的"； powerful"强大的"； independent"独立的"。
2.由空后讲的他后来甚至赢得了年度最佳运动员奖可知， Terry成功进入篮球队。make在此意为“成功获得/达到（某一位置、速度等）”。
3.此处是指Terry上大学一年级时，他的右膝很疼以至于不能站起来。
4.此处指右腿要被截去。下文中的"Because Terry had an artificial leg"亦是提示。
5.Terry的家人、朋友给予了他支持，所有的人都关心他，空处应是一个与"support"相同范畴的动词。故选D。
6.此处与第一段段尾的"he had determination"相呼应，表示Terry要用勇气和毅力来面对癌症。determination"毅力"； happiness"幸福"； patience"耐心"； curiosity"好奇心"。
7.Terry读到一篇文章，这篇文章讲述了Dick Traum也有一条假腿，他曾参加纽约市马拉松赛跑。
8.Teny读完这篇文章后，受到了 Dick Traum的激励，打算跑步横跨加拿大，以此为癌症研究筹募善款。raise意为"筹募"。下文中的"raise $1 million for cancer research"是信息提示。
9.Teny将他的这次活动命名为"希望马拉松"。下文中的"He passed away on June 28, 1981，almost a year after his Marathon of Hope"是提示。
10.Terry希望每天跑30至40英里，这样，横跨加拿大将会花费他不足六个月的时间。It takes sb. some time to do sth.是固定句型，take表示"花费"。
11.对于像Terry这样有一条假腿的人来说，跑步并不是一件容易的事。complicated"复杂的"；rewarding"值得做的，有益的"； necessary"必要的"。
12.旁观的人们支持Terry，当他跑步的时候,他们挥手喝彩。
13.当Terry跑到3339英里的时候，他的胸口一阵剧痛，所以他不得不放弃这次马拉松赛跑。他希望人们继续(为癌症研究）捐款。
14.此处指Terry一生获得了很多奖项。receive表示"收到;获得"； admit"承认"； benefit"有益于"。
15.Terry身残志坚、热心公益事业，用巨大的勇气和毅力赢得一个又一个的成就，可以说他在各方面都是赢家。
第二节
答案：①Honestly ②left ③extinction ④have been taken ⑤the ⑥whose ⑦by ⑧To achieve ⑨but ⑩better
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Editor,
I'm Li Ming, a student from Class 3, Grade 2. The past ten years have witnessed that some creatures under the sea have died out, which has been greatly concerned by the whole world.
First, people should be aware of the importance of protecting the ocean. As a matter of fact, to protect the ocean is to protect human beings. Second, it is urgent that the government should take immediate measures to protect the marine ecosystems. Finally, I'm sure that only by raising the awareness of protecting the marine ecosystems and making great efforts can we solve the problem.
Yours,
Li Ming
第二节
答案：One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Dressed in his doctor's gown, he went in to see her. He saw her lie on the bed and recognized her at once. Her lovely face looked pale. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case. Luckily, after a long struggle, the battle was won, Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side.
Paragraph 2:
The bill was sent to her room. Hesitantly she took it. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she opened it, on the side of which a note caught her attention. She read these words, "Paid in full with a glass of milk." signed Dr. Howard Kelly. Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently, "Thank you, God."
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