人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection单元能力提升（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection单元能力提升（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-02-27 21:39:21 | ||
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Unit 3 Environmental Protection
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Finding a winter job is often a proof that you're growing up, and it's also a method for earning money to pay for what you dream of. It's never too early to start considering the future. Now, here are some good choices for you!
Retail(零售) Sales
Retail offers plenty of opportunities for teens that are looking for a job. This type of work can pay from $10 to $15 an hour depending upon the duty you are expected to take on. It can also be good for teens who are friendly and enjoy talking to other people. For more information, call us at 4005075.
Food Service
A job in the food service industry is naturally suitable for sociable teens who enjoy communicating with the public. It allows employees to work as part of a team while learning about following instructions. It also comes with the opportunity to earn between $8 and 10 per hour. Just dial 4005077 for more information.
Babysitting
This job requires someone who is highly responsible. Though it pays generally between $6 and $8 per hour, it also requires a lot of patience. This is a great choice for teens who wish to make a career in teaching, childcare, social work or any other fields that make use of social skills or require interaction with kids. Got a question Just dial 4005076.
Housekeeping
This type of work can bring in about $5 an hour and it will allow teens to learn the tourism industry, so hotels often look for more housekeeping staff, and parks often need more people to assist with keeping public areas clean and organized as well. Telephone: 4005079.
1.How much can you earn at least for two hours as a retailer
A.$20. B.$12. C.$16. D.$10.
2.Which of the following jobs may attract teens who want to be a teacher
A.Retail Sales. B.Babysitting. C.Food Service. D.Housekeeping.
3.Who is the text mainly written for
A.Teens who are faced with communication problems.
B.Teens who dream of becoming a housekeeper.
C.Teens who want a part-time job in the winter.
D.Teens who plan to start their own business.
B
Twenty-five years ago, most young Britons wanted a career in law, to be a doctor, or, if they were creative enough, to take up singing. But today, things stand differently.
According to a survey by Tesco Mobile, a UK company, the "dream job" of young people aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger(写博客的人), or "vlogger(视频博主)". The survey, carried out among 1,002 people, found that as many as 40 percent of them put vloggers as their number one choice on a list of ideal careers.
This change is undoubtedly as a result of the Internet and social media. They have made it so much easier to reach the audience of the world, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way.
In the past, the biggest stars were trained by the Hollywood studios; now, anyone with a computer camera can become a star. Vloggers are the big stars of today because they are normal people interacting(交流) with their fans about everyday life.
However, what people see is only the bright side of being a vlogger and they fail to notice the fact that only those who are successful earn fame(名声) and fortune. For every success there are hundreds of others who never get off the starting line. There are the dreams that come true and the dreams that remain dreams forever.
Although being vloggers is popular, some young people choose to follow careers that don't necessarily earn them fame, but allow them to make good use of the Internet to share their hobbies. Young Israeli David Leshaw, for example, runs a business called the Finishers Club. It's an online platform for runners to keep a record of their races. His job allows him to express his enthusiasm, and is always a learning experience. And that's enough for him.
1.Why do more and more young Britons choose to be vloggers
A.Vloggers can earn little fame and money on the Internet.
B.There is too much competition in the traditional show business.
C.The Internet makes it convenient to become vloggers.
D.Anyone with a computer will surely become a star.
2.What can we infer from the fifth paragraph
A.Only a few vloggers can be successful. B.A vlogger can not earn fame or fortune.
C.Being a vlogger is not a good career. D.Dreams will come true one day.
3.What do some young people like David do on the Internet
A.Learn from others. B.Become an online hit.
C.Hold running races. D.Mix jobs with hobbies.
4.What is the passage mainly about
A.Most young Britons choose to be vloggers as their jobs.
B.The Internet is influencing young Britons' career choice.
C.The Internet is taking the place of traditional studios.
D.Young Britons can not find jobs without the Internet.
C
Form July to October every year, about a quarter of the world's blue whales feed in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California. But the whales now face a major threat in their favorite feeding area. Ships carrying goods sail in the same area at the same time. All too often, a ship hits a whale.
According to a new study, these ship strikes have become a serious threat to the overall population of the world's blue whales. Only about 10,000 of the creatures still exist worldwide. Blue whales are the largest known animals ever to live on Earth. But, if hit by a container(集装箱) ship, a blue whale will likely die from its injuries. In 2007 alone, large ships killed five blue whales in the waters off San Francisco and Los Angeles, California. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says that because there are so few whales already, losing three to five from the California whale population every year is a significant loss. "The population of blue whales in this part of the Pacific is about 2,500," says Sean Hastings, a member of NOAA. "So every whale counting toward this species will help it move off the endangered-species list."
Now, marine scientists must figure out how to protect the whales from the giant container ships. One very simple program is already under way in the Santa Barbara Channel, a waterway that separates mainland California from the nearby Channel Islands.
The Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary has asked large container ships passing through the area to slow down. Sailing slower will allow the ships crew(船员) more time to change course before hitting a whale.
Several of the world's largest shipping lines are set to participate in the new program. For every ship that passes through the Santa Barbara Channel at or below the reduced speed of 12 knots(节) the company that owns the ship will be paid $2,500.
1.What do you know according to Paragraph 1
A.People intend to illegally hunt blue whales for money.
B.Large ships often carrying goods may pollute the sea.
C.The container ships may hit the blue whales frequently
D.There are fewer fish in blue whales' favorite feeding area.
2.Why is the death of several whales regarded as significant loss to the world's blue whales
A.Because the number of the blue whales is so small.
B.Because other blue whales will be scared away.
C.Because the blue whale is the largest animal in the world.
D.Because many blue whales get killed throughout the year.
3.What can be inferred according to Sean Hastings
A.The number of the blue whales is decreasing sharply.
B.The blue whales are still on the endangered-species list.
C.Most of the world's blue whales live in the Pacific Ocean.
D.Blue whales are often disturbed by other endangered creatures.
4.What are the last three paragraphs mainly about
A.The basic responsibility of a sailor. B.The world's largest shipping lines.
C.Measures to protect the blue whales. D.Ways to slow down the speed of the ships.
D
As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster. For the past 100 years, trees have been experiencing fast growth in mild areas from Maryland to Finland, to Central Europe, where the growth rate of some trees has even sped up by nearly 77% since 1870. Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be
Hans Pretzsch, a forest scientist at the Technical University of Munich in Germany, and his colleagues wanted to find an answer. They carried out a study of the forests of Central Europe. They started with small pieces of experimental land in southern Germany, some of which have been continuously monitored since 1870. Pretzsch and his team took core samples (样品) from the trees — which included Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech, and Scots pine — and analyzed the tree rings using a high-frequency probe.
They found that in all four species, wood density had decreased by 8% to 12%. "We expected a trend of the wood density like this, but not such a strong and significant decrease," Pretzsch says. Increasing temperatures, and the faster growth they spur, probably account for some of the drop. Another factor, Pretzsch says, is more nitrogen in the soil from agricultural fertilizer and vehicle exhaust. Previous studies have linked increased fertilizer use to decreased wood density. Above all, the study suggests that the higher temperatures — combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms — are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable.
"I am getting worried," says Richard Houghton, an ecologist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Falmouth, Massachusetts, who was not part of the new study. As the density of the samples dropped, so did their carbon content. That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) than scientists think, Houghton says.
1.Paragraph 1 is written to _________.
A.prove an idea B.introduce the topic C.give an example D.describe a fact
2.What does the study show
A.Farming slows trees' growth. B.More areas are covered with forests.
C.Climate warming changes the quality of wood. D.Pollution leads to higher temperatures.
3.What does Richard Houghton mean
A.Great loss might be caused. B.Storm damage can be prevented.
C.The size of forests might be increased. D.Less greenhouse gases can be sent out.
4.What is the best title for the passage
A.We only have one earth B.Trees — our best friends
C.The influence of climate change D.Trees are growing faster, but weaker
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you worried about our earth Do you want to do what you can to save it ①___________ It may seem like the actions of one person won't make a difference, but there are actually many ways you can help. Here are some of them.
Turn it off.
Turn off anything that uses electricity when not in use. ②___________ If you leave your television on or don't turn off lights, it's wasting electricity. Remember to turn things off when you don't need them.
Start recycling.
It's not just paper, plastic and glass that can be recycled — clothes can be, too. ③___________ It's good for the environment and you'll get a new look for free!
④___________
You don't have to travel far to get what you need, and products don't have to travel far to get to you, either. Shop at farmers' markets and buy food that was produced as close to your home as possible. And when you're online shopping, try to find things that won't have to travel long distances.
Save water.
If you don't let the water run when you're brushing your teeth and take showers instead of baths, you will be using less water and less energy—but you'll still be just as clean! ⑤___________ Use a method that requires less water to get the dishes clean.
A. Buy things nearby.
B. Think before you eat.
C. It's hard to know where to start.
D. Turn short jeans you've grown out of into shorts.
E. Also, don't wash dishes with the water running continuously.
F. This goes for lights, televisions, computers, printers, and so on.
G. Bring a reusable water bottle with you when travelling or at work.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 1 with them lots of waste. The 2 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I'm 4 about the place—other destinations are described as "purer" natural experiences.
However, I soon 5 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6 among tons of rubbish. I find a 7 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 8 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.
The best of a Kilimanjaro 9 , in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This 10 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 11 go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 12 —low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 13 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone with 14 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 15 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.
1. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
2. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
3. A. position B. age C. face D. name
4. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
5. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
6. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
7. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
8. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
9. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
10. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
11. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
12. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
13. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
14. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
15. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The EXPO 2019 is set to showcase the ①_____(late) trends and achievements in floriculture(花卉栽培), as well as fruit and vegetable food farming at ②_____ foot of the Great Wall in Yanqing District.
An estimated 16 million plant visitors are expected to flock into the capital for the 162-day event set ③_____(run) from April 29 to October 7. Up to now, more than 110 countries and international organizations, as well as over 120 nonofficial exhibitors, ④_____(confirm) participation. This is set to be the highest attendance in the event's history.
There will be more than 2,500 cultural activities throughout the expo ⑤_____ are expected to promote exchanges and cooperation. The event is genuinely innovatory, ⑥_____(vary) from the horticultural sector(园艺部门) to many other sectors, like vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicine(中草药). Meanwhile, there will be many high-tech gadgets which will provide a better range ⑦_____ services, like 5G technology.
According to the organizing committee, the site construction for the expo has entered the final stage. Interior and exterior ⑧_____(decorate), electromechanical installation, and outdoor projects are being finished at the core venues.
All infrastructure for 100 indoor and outdoor gardens at the exhibition will be finished ⑨_____(complete) at the end of March.
This is the second time for China to hold such a high-level horticulture expo. The first such event ⑩ _____(hold) in Kunming, Yunnan province in 1999.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,你们学校在3月22日“世界水日”来临之际将举办一系列活动。请写一封邮件给学校英语外教Mr. Green,请他为本校学生开设讲座。邮件的内容包括:
1.讲座主题:废水处理与利用;
2.讲座目的;
3.讲座时间及时长。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Green, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A cactus (仙人掌) stood all alone in the desert, wondering why it was stuck in the middle of the desert. "I do nothing but stand here all day," it sighed. "What use do I have I am the ugliest plant in the desert. My spines (刺) are thick, my leaves are tough, and my skin is uneven. I can't offer shade or juice to the passing travellers. I don't see that I am of any use at all." All it did was stand in the sun day after day, growing taller and fatter. Its spines grew longer and its leaves grew tougher. It truly was strange-looking.
"I wish I could do something useful," it signed. By day, hawks (鹰) circled high overhead, and the cactus called, "What can I do with my life " Whether they heard or not, the hawks flew away. At night the moon floated into the sky and cast its pale light on the desert floor. "What can I do with my life " the cactus called. The moon only stared coldly as it continued its course.
A lizard (蜥蜴) passed by, leaving a little trail in the sand with its tail. "What worthy deed can I do " the cactus called. "You " the lizard smiled, pausing a moment. "You can do something. Just wait for the right moment. The hawks circle their ways overhead, making beautiful patterns for us all to admire. The moon hangs high like a lantern at night, so we can see our ways home to our loved ones. Even I, the lowly lizard, have something to do. I decorate the sands with these beautiful trails as I pull my tail along. And you, you will show us your beauty some day."
Paragraph 1:
It went on year after year, and the cactus grew old. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The desert hadn't known such a flower of it.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 ABC
解析：1.数字计算题。根据Retail Sales部分中的第二句可知, 两小时至少能挣$20。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据Babysitting部分第三句可知, Babysitting会吸引想当老师的青少年。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知, 这篇文章主要是写给想在冬天做兼职的青少年。故选C。
B
答案：1-4 CADB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"They have made it so much easier to reach the audience of the world, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way."和第四段内容可知, 互联网使进入演艺界更方便。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"For every success there are hundreds of others who never get off the starting line. There are the dreams that come true and the dreams that remain dreams forever."可知, 一个成功的博主之外还有数以百计的博主的事业毫无起色, 故可推知只有极少数的视频博主可以成功。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Young Israeli David Leshaw, for example, runs a business called the Finishers Club...His job allows him to express his enthusiasm, and is always a learning experience."可知, 像David这样的年轻人通过网络把工作和业余爱好结合在一起。
4.主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句"The survey, carried out among 1,002 people, found that as many as 40 percent of them put vloggers as their number one choice on a list of ideal careers."和第三段第一句"This change is undoubtedly as a result of the Internet and social media."可知, 文章主要介绍了互联网正在影响着英国的年轻人的职业选择。
C
答案：1-4 CABC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知, 集装箱船常常会撞到蓝鲸。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知, 全球蓝鲸的数量非常少。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知, 蓝鲸仍然在濒危物种名单之内。
4.主旨大意题。通读后三段, 特别是根据倒数第三段第一句可知, 后三段主要讲的是保护蓝鲸的措施。
D
答案：1-4.BCAD
解析：1.考查写作目的。根据第一段中的"Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be "可知,第一段提出问题,启发读者进行思考,从而引入本文的话题。故选B。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,对森林的研究表明,气候变暖会改变木材的质量。故选C。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide(CO2) than scientists think"可知,Houghton的意思是随着木材密度降低,其碳含量也会降低。这样森林受暴风雨的损害更多,树木吸收二氧化碳的效率降低,从而给人们造成巨大的损失。故选A。
4.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster"和第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,本文讲述的是气候变暖促进了树木的生长,但同时树木的密度降低,使树木更脆弱。故选D。
第二节
答案：CFDAE
解析：①根据下文中的but there are actually many ways you can help可知,C项"It's hard to know where to start."在语意上和上句构成转折关系。
②F 项中的lights, televisions, computers, printers呼应上文中的electricity 和下文中的television和lights。
③D项中的jeans和shorts呼应上文中的clothes。且D项表达的内容符合上文中提到的can be recycled。
④A项中的nearby呼应下文中的don't have to travel far和as close to your home as possible。
⑤E项中的wash dishes呼应下文中的get the dishes clean。且E项中的don't wash dishes with the water running continuously和上文中的you don't let the water run when you're brushing your teeth and take showers构成并列关系,E项中的Also承接上文。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 DCCBA 6-10 CDCBA 11-15 BACAB
解析：1.由上文“每年有大约四万人想攀爬乞力马扎罗山”和下文“might damage the beauty of the place(或许会破坏它的美）”可知，众多的登山者带来了（bring)许多垃圾。
2.由上文可知，每年约四万人攀爬乞力马扎罗山，拥挤的人群（及所带来的垃圾）或许会破坏它的美。crowd“人群”。
3.由上文知，冰川正在消融，改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。
4.根据上文讲述的乞力马扎罗山的气候环境变化和下文的“其他旅游景点总会被描述成更加纯净天然的体验”可知，此处表示听完这些故事，作者对乞力马扎罗山的自然美丽持怀疑（skeptical)态度。
5.根据句首However表转折可知，与前面想法不同，作者不久之后发现了（discover)乞力马扎罗山的美。
6.自从关于乞力马扎罗山上成吨垃圾的报道后，情况发生了很多变化。下文又接着讲述作者在营地外和道路上看到了厕所，由此推知，上文中提到的报道指的是以前的营地(camp)是坐落在垃圾堆中的，现在干净了许多。
7.本句提到作者在营地里和道路上看到了许多厕所，与在报道中出现的垃圾堆中的营地截然不同，干净卫生（clean)。
8.前文提到了乞力马扎罗山的严峻的（significant)环境问题，毁坏了在人们心目中的形象。
9.由上文第二段中的“other destinations are described as 'purer' natural experiences”可知，此空填experience, 表示攀登乞力马扎罗山的最佳体验并不在于到达顶峰。
10.本句用来解释上句内容，为什么很多山脉被许多文化视为精神圣地，这种观点（view)的形成是因为人们可以仅在几千米的空间内经历五种生态系统。
11.此处表示当攀爬者（climber)在山上经历五种生态系统时，就会认识到这个地方的神圣高尚之处。
12.由上文可知，乞力马扎罗山上有五种生态系统，所以再往上气候又会变化（change)。
13.由上文可知，茂密的草丛覆盖着山体，低云压山，本句表示从作者所站之地望去可以数到（count)12处绿荫。
14.本句表示类北极地带上有永久的（permanent)积雪和冰川，但它们不久后可能会融化。
15.文章最后作者发出感慨：一个人满为患，破坏了原有宁静的乞力马扎罗山还能名副其实吗？
第二节
答案：①latest ②the ③to run ④have confirmed ⑤which/that ⑥varying ⑦of ⑧decoration ⑨completely ⑩was held
解析：①根据空前的the和空后的"trends and achievements"可知, 此处表示"最新的趋势和成就", 表示最高级, 故填latest。
②此处考查固定短语at the foot of..., 意为"在......下"。
③根据语境可知, 这里用动词不定式表示将来。
④根据前面的时间状语"Up to now"可知此处应用现在完成时, 且主语为复数, 故填have confirmed。
⑤分析句子结构可知, 空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词"the expo", 从句中缺少主语, 故用which或者that。
⑥分析句子结构可知, 该句主语"The event"和动词vary构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用varying。
⑦根据语境可知, 此处表示"提供一系列更好的服务", a range of(一系列)为固定用法。
⑧根据语境可知, 此处表示"室内外装饰", 应用名词, 且decoration作"装饰"讲时为不可数名词, 故填decoration。
⑨修饰前面的动词finished应用副词completely。
⑩根据该句中的时间状语"in 1999"可知, 应用一般过去时; 主语"The first such event"和hold之间是被动关系, 故用一般过去时的被动语态。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Mr. Green,
With World Water Day around the comer, our school is planning to hold a series of activities. I'm writing to invite you to give us a lecture on the topic of wastewater disposal and utilization.
The lecture will be held in our school hall from 4: 00 to 5:30 on the afternoon of March 22. We hope it can arouse students' awareness of water crisis as well as develop the habit of water recycling. If everyone can make good use of water, we together can make a big difference.
I would be grateful if you could accept my invitation.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
It went on year after year, and the cactus grew old. It cried out, "I have wondered so long, and I have tried so hard. I just want to do something useful. I fear that now it's too late." But just then, the cactus felt a strange change, and it knew a kind of joy that it had never had would approach. At its top, a beautiful flower suddenly appeared, like a shiny crown. It didn't look strange-looking any more.
Paragraph 2:
The desert hadn't known such a flower of it. Its pleasant smell spread into the air far and wide and brought happiness to all passers-by. The passing travellers, including the butterflies, stopped to admire its beauty. So did the hawks. And that night, even the moon smiled when it found such a treasure. The lizard said to the cactus, "You have tried your best to wait for the right moment. Your heart trying to do good things will always bring something worthwhile to the world, even for a moment."
2
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Finding a winter job is often a proof that you're growing up, and it's also a method for earning money to pay for what you dream of. It's never too early to start considering the future. Now, here are some good choices for you!
Retail(零售) Sales
Retail offers plenty of opportunities for teens that are looking for a job. This type of work can pay from $10 to $15 an hour depending upon the duty you are expected to take on. It can also be good for teens who are friendly and enjoy talking to other people. For more information, call us at 4005075.
Food Service
A job in the food service industry is naturally suitable for sociable teens who enjoy communicating with the public. It allows employees to work as part of a team while learning about following instructions. It also comes with the opportunity to earn between $8 and 10 per hour. Just dial 4005077 for more information.
Babysitting
This job requires someone who is highly responsible. Though it pays generally between $6 and $8 per hour, it also requires a lot of patience. This is a great choice for teens who wish to make a career in teaching, childcare, social work or any other fields that make use of social skills or require interaction with kids. Got a question Just dial 4005076.
Housekeeping
This type of work can bring in about $5 an hour and it will allow teens to learn the tourism industry, so hotels often look for more housekeeping staff, and parks often need more people to assist with keeping public areas clean and organized as well. Telephone: 4005079.
1.How much can you earn at least for two hours as a retailer
A.$20. B.$12. C.$16. D.$10.
2.Which of the following jobs may attract teens who want to be a teacher
A.Retail Sales. B.Babysitting. C.Food Service. D.Housekeeping.
3.Who is the text mainly written for
A.Teens who are faced with communication problems.
B.Teens who dream of becoming a housekeeper.
C.Teens who want a part-time job in the winter.
D.Teens who plan to start their own business.
B
Twenty-five years ago, most young Britons wanted a career in law, to be a doctor, or, if they were creative enough, to take up singing. But today, things stand differently.
According to a survey by Tesco Mobile, a UK company, the "dream job" of young people aged between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger(写博客的人), or "vlogger(视频博主)". The survey, carried out among 1,002 people, found that as many as 40 percent of them put vloggers as their number one choice on a list of ideal careers.
This change is undoubtedly as a result of the Internet and social media. They have made it so much easier to reach the audience of the world, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way.
In the past, the biggest stars were trained by the Hollywood studios; now, anyone with a computer camera can become a star. Vloggers are the big stars of today because they are normal people interacting(交流) with their fans about everyday life.
However, what people see is only the bright side of being a vlogger and they fail to notice the fact that only those who are successful earn fame(名声) and fortune. For every success there are hundreds of others who never get off the starting line. There are the dreams that come true and the dreams that remain dreams forever.
Although being vloggers is popular, some young people choose to follow careers that don't necessarily earn them fame, but allow them to make good use of the Internet to share their hobbies. Young Israeli David Leshaw, for example, runs a business called the Finishers Club. It's an online platform for runners to keep a record of their races. His job allows him to express his enthusiasm, and is always a learning experience. And that's enough for him.
1.Why do more and more young Britons choose to be vloggers
A.Vloggers can earn little fame and money on the Internet.
B.There is too much competition in the traditional show business.
C.The Internet makes it convenient to become vloggers.
D.Anyone with a computer will surely become a star.
2.What can we infer from the fifth paragraph
A.Only a few vloggers can be successful. B.A vlogger can not earn fame or fortune.
C.Being a vlogger is not a good career. D.Dreams will come true one day.
3.What do some young people like David do on the Internet
A.Learn from others. B.Become an online hit.
C.Hold running races. D.Mix jobs with hobbies.
4.What is the passage mainly about
A.Most young Britons choose to be vloggers as their jobs.
B.The Internet is influencing young Britons' career choice.
C.The Internet is taking the place of traditional studios.
D.Young Britons can not find jobs without the Internet.
C
Form July to October every year, about a quarter of the world's blue whales feed in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California. But the whales now face a major threat in their favorite feeding area. Ships carrying goods sail in the same area at the same time. All too often, a ship hits a whale.
According to a new study, these ship strikes have become a serious threat to the overall population of the world's blue whales. Only about 10,000 of the creatures still exist worldwide. Blue whales are the largest known animals ever to live on Earth. But, if hit by a container(集装箱) ship, a blue whale will likely die from its injuries. In 2007 alone, large ships killed five blue whales in the waters off San Francisco and Los Angeles, California. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says that because there are so few whales already, losing three to five from the California whale population every year is a significant loss. "The population of blue whales in this part of the Pacific is about 2,500," says Sean Hastings, a member of NOAA. "So every whale counting toward this species will help it move off the endangered-species list."
Now, marine scientists must figure out how to protect the whales from the giant container ships. One very simple program is already under way in the Santa Barbara Channel, a waterway that separates mainland California from the nearby Channel Islands.
The Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary has asked large container ships passing through the area to slow down. Sailing slower will allow the ships crew(船员) more time to change course before hitting a whale.
Several of the world's largest shipping lines are set to participate in the new program. For every ship that passes through the Santa Barbara Channel at or below the reduced speed of 12 knots(节) the company that owns the ship will be paid $2,500.
1.What do you know according to Paragraph 1
A.People intend to illegally hunt blue whales for money.
B.Large ships often carrying goods may pollute the sea.
C.The container ships may hit the blue whales frequently
D.There are fewer fish in blue whales' favorite feeding area.
2.Why is the death of several whales regarded as significant loss to the world's blue whales
A.Because the number of the blue whales is so small.
B.Because other blue whales will be scared away.
C.Because the blue whale is the largest animal in the world.
D.Because many blue whales get killed throughout the year.
3.What can be inferred according to Sean Hastings
A.The number of the blue whales is decreasing sharply.
B.The blue whales are still on the endangered-species list.
C.Most of the world's blue whales live in the Pacific Ocean.
D.Blue whales are often disturbed by other endangered creatures.
4.What are the last three paragraphs mainly about
A.The basic responsibility of a sailor. B.The world's largest shipping lines.
C.Measures to protect the blue whales. D.Ways to slow down the speed of the ships.
D
As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster. For the past 100 years, trees have been experiencing fast growth in mild areas from Maryland to Finland, to Central Europe, where the growth rate of some trees has even sped up by nearly 77% since 1870. Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be
Hans Pretzsch, a forest scientist at the Technical University of Munich in Germany, and his colleagues wanted to find an answer. They carried out a study of the forests of Central Europe. They started with small pieces of experimental land in southern Germany, some of which have been continuously monitored since 1870. Pretzsch and his team took core samples (样品) from the trees — which included Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech, and Scots pine — and analyzed the tree rings using a high-frequency probe.
They found that in all four species, wood density had decreased by 8% to 12%. "We expected a trend of the wood density like this, but not such a strong and significant decrease," Pretzsch says. Increasing temperatures, and the faster growth they spur, probably account for some of the drop. Another factor, Pretzsch says, is more nitrogen in the soil from agricultural fertilizer and vehicle exhaust. Previous studies have linked increased fertilizer use to decreased wood density. Above all, the study suggests that the higher temperatures — combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms — are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable.
"I am getting worried," says Richard Houghton, an ecologist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Falmouth, Massachusetts, who was not part of the new study. As the density of the samples dropped, so did their carbon content. That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) than scientists think, Houghton says.
1.Paragraph 1 is written to _________.
A.prove an idea B.introduce the topic C.give an example D.describe a fact
2.What does the study show
A.Farming slows trees' growth. B.More areas are covered with forests.
C.Climate warming changes the quality of wood. D.Pollution leads to higher temperatures.
3.What does Richard Houghton mean
A.Great loss might be caused. B.Storm damage can be prevented.
C.The size of forests might be increased. D.Less greenhouse gases can be sent out.
4.What is the best title for the passage
A.We only have one earth B.Trees — our best friends
C.The influence of climate change D.Trees are growing faster, but weaker
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you worried about our earth Do you want to do what you can to save it ①___________ It may seem like the actions of one person won't make a difference, but there are actually many ways you can help. Here are some of them.
Turn it off.
Turn off anything that uses electricity when not in use. ②___________ If you leave your television on or don't turn off lights, it's wasting electricity. Remember to turn things off when you don't need them.
Start recycling.
It's not just paper, plastic and glass that can be recycled — clothes can be, too. ③___________ It's good for the environment and you'll get a new look for free!
④___________
You don't have to travel far to get what you need, and products don't have to travel far to get to you, either. Shop at farmers' markets and buy food that was produced as close to your home as possible. And when you're online shopping, try to find things that won't have to travel long distances.
Save water.
If you don't let the water run when you're brushing your teeth and take showers instead of baths, you will be using less water and less energy—but you'll still be just as clean! ⑤___________ Use a method that requires less water to get the dishes clean.
A. Buy things nearby.
B. Think before you eat.
C. It's hard to know where to start.
D. Turn short jeans you've grown out of into shorts.
E. Also, don't wash dishes with the water running continuously.
F. This goes for lights, televisions, computers, printers, and so on.
G. Bring a reusable water bottle with you when travelling or at work.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 1 with them lots of waste. The 2 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I'm 4 about the place—other destinations are described as "purer" natural experiences.
However, I soon 5 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6 among tons of rubbish. I find a 7 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 8 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying off.
The best of a Kilimanjaro 9 , in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. This 10 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 11 go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 12 —low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 13 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone with 14 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 15 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.
1. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
2. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
3. A. position B. age C. face D. name
4. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
5. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
6. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
7. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
8. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
9. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
10. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
11. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
12. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
13. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
14. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
15. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The EXPO 2019 is set to showcase the ①_____(late) trends and achievements in floriculture(花卉栽培), as well as fruit and vegetable food farming at ②_____ foot of the Great Wall in Yanqing District.
An estimated 16 million plant visitors are expected to flock into the capital for the 162-day event set ③_____(run) from April 29 to October 7. Up to now, more than 110 countries and international organizations, as well as over 120 nonofficial exhibitors, ④_____(confirm) participation. This is set to be the highest attendance in the event's history.
There will be more than 2,500 cultural activities throughout the expo ⑤_____ are expected to promote exchanges and cooperation. The event is genuinely innovatory, ⑥_____(vary) from the horticultural sector(园艺部门) to many other sectors, like vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicine(中草药). Meanwhile, there will be many high-tech gadgets which will provide a better range ⑦_____ services, like 5G technology.
According to the organizing committee, the site construction for the expo has entered the final stage. Interior and exterior ⑧_____(decorate), electromechanical installation, and outdoor projects are being finished at the core venues.
All infrastructure for 100 indoor and outdoor gardens at the exhibition will be finished ⑨_____(complete) at the end of March.
This is the second time for China to hold such a high-level horticulture expo. The first such event ⑩ _____(hold) in Kunming, Yunnan province in 1999.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,你们学校在3月22日“世界水日”来临之际将举办一系列活动。请写一封邮件给学校英语外教Mr. Green,请他为本校学生开设讲座。邮件的内容包括:
1.讲座主题:废水处理与利用;
2.讲座目的;
3.讲座时间及时长。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Green, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A cactus (仙人掌) stood all alone in the desert, wondering why it was stuck in the middle of the desert. "I do nothing but stand here all day," it sighed. "What use do I have I am the ugliest plant in the desert. My spines (刺) are thick, my leaves are tough, and my skin is uneven. I can't offer shade or juice to the passing travellers. I don't see that I am of any use at all." All it did was stand in the sun day after day, growing taller and fatter. Its spines grew longer and its leaves grew tougher. It truly was strange-looking.
"I wish I could do something useful," it signed. By day, hawks (鹰) circled high overhead, and the cactus called, "What can I do with my life " Whether they heard or not, the hawks flew away. At night the moon floated into the sky and cast its pale light on the desert floor. "What can I do with my life " the cactus called. The moon only stared coldly as it continued its course.
A lizard (蜥蜴) passed by, leaving a little trail in the sand with its tail. "What worthy deed can I do " the cactus called. "You " the lizard smiled, pausing a moment. "You can do something. Just wait for the right moment. The hawks circle their ways overhead, making beautiful patterns for us all to admire. The moon hangs high like a lantern at night, so we can see our ways home to our loved ones. Even I, the lowly lizard, have something to do. I decorate the sands with these beautiful trails as I pull my tail along. And you, you will show us your beauty some day."
Paragraph 1:
It went on year after year, and the cactus grew old. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The desert hadn't known such a flower of it.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 ABC
解析：1.数字计算题。根据Retail Sales部分中的第二句可知, 两小时至少能挣$20。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据Babysitting部分第三句可知, Babysitting会吸引想当老师的青少年。故选B。
3.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知, 这篇文章主要是写给想在冬天做兼职的青少年。故选C。
B
答案：1-4 CADB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"They have made it so much easier to reach the audience of the world, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way."和第四段内容可知, 互联网使进入演艺界更方便。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"For every success there are hundreds of others who never get off the starting line. There are the dreams that come true and the dreams that remain dreams forever."可知, 一个成功的博主之外还有数以百计的博主的事业毫无起色, 故可推知只有极少数的视频博主可以成功。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"Young Israeli David Leshaw, for example, runs a business called the Finishers Club...His job allows him to express his enthusiasm, and is always a learning experience."可知, 像David这样的年轻人通过网络把工作和业余爱好结合在一起。
4.主旨大意题。根据第二段最后一句"The survey, carried out among 1,002 people, found that as many as 40 percent of them put vloggers as their number one choice on a list of ideal careers."和第三段第一句"This change is undoubtedly as a result of the Internet and social media."可知, 文章主要介绍了互联网正在影响着英国的年轻人的职业选择。
C
答案：1-4 CABC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知, 集装箱船常常会撞到蓝鲸。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知, 全球蓝鲸的数量非常少。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知, 蓝鲸仍然在濒危物种名单之内。
4.主旨大意题。通读后三段, 特别是根据倒数第三段第一句可知, 后三段主要讲的是保护蓝鲸的措施。
D
答案：1-4.BCAD
解析：1.考查写作目的。根据第一段中的"Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be "可知,第一段提出问题,启发读者进行思考,从而引入本文的话题。故选B。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,对森林的研究表明,气候变暖会改变木材的质量。故选C。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide(CO2) than scientists think"可知,Houghton的意思是随着木材密度降低,其碳含量也会降低。这样森林受暴风雨的损害更多,树木吸收二氧化碳的效率降低,从而给人们造成巨大的损失。故选A。
4.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster"和第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,本文讲述的是气候变暖促进了树木的生长,但同时树木的密度降低,使树木更脆弱。故选D。
第二节
答案：CFDAE
解析：①根据下文中的but there are actually many ways you can help可知,C项"It's hard to know where to start."在语意上和上句构成转折关系。
②F 项中的lights, televisions, computers, printers呼应上文中的electricity 和下文中的television和lights。
③D项中的jeans和shorts呼应上文中的clothes。且D项表达的内容符合上文中提到的can be recycled。
④A项中的nearby呼应下文中的don't have to travel far和as close to your home as possible。
⑤E项中的wash dishes呼应下文中的get the dishes clean。且E项中的don't wash dishes with the water running continuously和上文中的you don't let the water run when you're brushing your teeth and take showers构成并列关系,E项中的Also承接上文。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 DCCBA 6-10 CDCBA 11-15 BACAB
解析：1.由上文“每年有大约四万人想攀爬乞力马扎罗山”和下文“might damage the beauty of the place(或许会破坏它的美）”可知，众多的登山者带来了（bring)许多垃圾。
2.由上文可知，每年约四万人攀爬乞力马扎罗山，拥挤的人群（及所带来的垃圾）或许会破坏它的美。crowd“人群”。
3.由上文知，冰川正在消融，改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌(face)。
4.根据上文讲述的乞力马扎罗山的气候环境变化和下文的“其他旅游景点总会被描述成更加纯净天然的体验”可知，此处表示听完这些故事，作者对乞力马扎罗山的自然美丽持怀疑（skeptical)态度。
5.根据句首However表转折可知，与前面想法不同，作者不久之后发现了（discover)乞力马扎罗山的美。
6.自从关于乞力马扎罗山上成吨垃圾的报道后，情况发生了很多变化。下文又接着讲述作者在营地外和道路上看到了厕所，由此推知，上文中提到的报道指的是以前的营地(camp)是坐落在垃圾堆中的，现在干净了许多。
7.本句提到作者在营地里和道路上看到了许多厕所，与在报道中出现的垃圾堆中的营地截然不同，干净卫生（clean)。
8.前文提到了乞力马扎罗山的严峻的（significant)环境问题，毁坏了在人们心目中的形象。
9.由上文第二段中的“other destinations are described as 'purer' natural experiences”可知，此空填experience, 表示攀登乞力马扎罗山的最佳体验并不在于到达顶峰。
10.本句用来解释上句内容，为什么很多山脉被许多文化视为精神圣地，这种观点（view)的形成是因为人们可以仅在几千米的空间内经历五种生态系统。
11.此处表示当攀爬者（climber)在山上经历五种生态系统时，就会认识到这个地方的神圣高尚之处。
12.由上文可知，乞力马扎罗山上有五种生态系统，所以再往上气候又会变化（change)。
13.由上文可知，茂密的草丛覆盖着山体，低云压山，本句表示从作者所站之地望去可以数到（count)12处绿荫。
14.本句表示类北极地带上有永久的（permanent)积雪和冰川，但它们不久后可能会融化。
15.文章最后作者发出感慨：一个人满为患，破坏了原有宁静的乞力马扎罗山还能名副其实吗？
第二节
答案：①latest ②the ③to run ④have confirmed ⑤which/that ⑥varying ⑦of ⑧decoration ⑨completely ⑩was held
解析：①根据空前的the和空后的"trends and achievements"可知, 此处表示"最新的趋势和成就", 表示最高级, 故填latest。
②此处考查固定短语at the foot of..., 意为"在......下"。
③根据语境可知, 这里用动词不定式表示将来。
④根据前面的时间状语"Up to now"可知此处应用现在完成时, 且主语为复数, 故填have confirmed。
⑤分析句子结构可知, 空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词"the expo", 从句中缺少主语, 故用which或者that。
⑥分析句子结构可知, 该句主语"The event"和动词vary构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用varying。
⑦根据语境可知, 此处表示"提供一系列更好的服务", a range of(一系列)为固定用法。
⑧根据语境可知, 此处表示"室内外装饰", 应用名词, 且decoration作"装饰"讲时为不可数名词, 故填decoration。
⑨修饰前面的动词finished应用副词completely。
⑩根据该句中的时间状语"in 1999"可知, 应用一般过去时; 主语"The first such event"和hold之间是被动关系, 故用一般过去时的被动语态。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Mr. Green,
With World Water Day around the comer, our school is planning to hold a series of activities. I'm writing to invite you to give us a lecture on the topic of wastewater disposal and utilization.
The lecture will be held in our school hall from 4: 00 to 5:30 on the afternoon of March 22. We hope it can arouse students' awareness of water crisis as well as develop the habit of water recycling. If everyone can make good use of water, we together can make a big difference.
I would be grateful if you could accept my invitation.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
It went on year after year, and the cactus grew old. It cried out, "I have wondered so long, and I have tried so hard. I just want to do something useful. I fear that now it's too late." But just then, the cactus felt a strange change, and it knew a kind of joy that it had never had would approach. At its top, a beautiful flower suddenly appeared, like a shiny crown. It didn't look strange-looking any more.
Paragraph 2:
The desert hadn't known such a flower of it. Its pleasant smell spread into the air far and wide and brought happiness to all passers-by. The passing travellers, including the butterflies, stopped to admire its beauty. So did the hawks. And that night, even the moon smiled when it found such a treasure. The lizard said to the cactus, "You have tried your best to wait for the right moment. Your heart trying to do good things will always bring something worthwhile to the world, even for a moment."
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