外研版（2019）必修第二册 Unit5 On the road 语法-精讲学案（有答案）

Unit5 On the road 语法-精讲破
动词-ing形式作定语
一、现在分词和动名词作定语的区别
观察
The boy playing football in the playground is my younger brother.
=The boy that/who is playing football in the playground is my younger brother.
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里不准大声说话。
归纳
（1）现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的①________关系，表示被修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个②________从句。
（2）动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或③________，相当于由for构成的介词短语。
二、现在分词作定语的位置
观察
You should adapt to the changing situation.
你应该适应不断变化的形势。
The man sitting under the big tree is my uncle.
坐在那棵大树下的人是我的叔叔。
The building being built now will be our dining hall.
现在正在建造的那座楼将会是我们的食堂。
归纳
单个的现在分词作定语时一般放在被修饰词之④________；现在分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之⑤________。
三、注意事项
观察1
He brought us a very interesting book.
他给我们带来了一本非常有趣的书。
归纳1
能前置的现在分词大都是已经被形容词化了的现在分词，它之前常有程度副词，甚至其本身还有比较级和最高级形式等。常见的有：exciting、interesting、surprising、puzzling、frightening、amusing等。
观察2
The students who have seen the film are coming out of the cinema.（√）
The students having seen the film are coming out of the cinema.（×）
看完电影的学生们正走出电影院。
归纳2
⑥________（即having done/having been done）一般不作定语。
观察3
People waiting for the bus often shelter from the rain in my doorway.
等公共汽车的人经常在我家门口躲雨。
I like to hear songs sung by Jackson.
我喜欢听杰克逊唱的歌。
I'm looking for a room to live in.
我正在找房子住。
归纳3
现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示⑦________或完成意义；不定式表示动作⑧________。
链接高考
单句语法填空
1.（2020天津，阅读理解A）They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet________（interest）people, or find out how to start a business.
2.（2020全国I，阅读理解C）In fact, anyone________（wish）to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says.
3.（2020天津，阅读理解C）In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products________（base）on the phenomenon we call sound.
4.（2019江苏，阅读理解C）Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the________（wash）machine
5.（2019天津，阅读理解C）With such models, scientists have found out some key principles________（operate）in food webs.
6.（2019天津，10）Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially________（design）to help them succeed academically and personally.
7. Abercrombie Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people________（live）in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
8. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home，there was a pile of mail________（wait）for her.
按要求改写下面句子
9.（2020全国Ⅱ，书面表达）There is a small river flowing through the farm.（改为含有定语从句的句子）
→There is a small river________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
完成句子
10.往那儿看——有一条又长又曲折的小路通向那所房子。
Look over there-there's a very long, winding path________.
参考答案：
①主动
②定语
③用途
④前
⑤后
⑥现在分词的完成式
⑦被动
⑧尚未发生
1.interesting句意：它们已经把自己变成了这样的地方，在这里你可以发展你对知识的热爱，遇见有趣的人，或者了解如何创业。此处interesting是形容词化的现在分词作定语来修饰名词people，故填interesting.
2.wishing句意：她说，事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人也许应该先咨询教练或者有经验的选手，以学习正确的技巧。此处anyone和wish之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填wishing
3.based句意：在过去，音响师们在录音棚的密室里工作，但现在许多声音方面的专业人员正在与其他领域的专业人员分享他们的知识和经验，从而根据我们称作声音的现象创造出新产品。此处products与base之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填based。
4.washing句意：谁在乎人们是否错误地认为互联网的影响比洗衣机更重要？此处表示machine的功能，用动名词作定语，故填washing。
5.operating句意：通过这些模型，科学家们发现了在食物网中起作用的一些关键原理。此处principles和operate之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填operating。
6.designed句意：现在，大多数大学都为大一学生提供一门专门为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面取得成功。a course与design之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
7.living people与live之间为主动关系，此处应为现在分词短语作后置定语。故填living。
8.waiting句意：Laura去巴黎待了一个多星期。当她回到家的时候，有一堆邮件等着她（处理）。此处wait与mail之间是主动关系，故填wait的现在分词形式waiting.
9.that/which flows through the farm
10.leading up to the house
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