外研版（2019）必修第二册 Unit6 Earth first Starting out — Using language 词汇精讲课堂课件(65张ppt)

(共65张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
版本：新外研
单元：必修二 Unit 6 (Starting out — Using language)
本单元词汇梳理
1. shark：音译词“鲨鱼”
2. scare：近义词：frighten；派生词：scary, scared (分词形容词)
词块：scare … away / off
3. due to = because of
4. dive：一词多义：基本义“向下冲”
隐喻：具体的“跳水” → 抽象的“冲向；俯冲”
词块：dive into, go diving；派生词：diver
5. target：隐喻：具体的“靶子（目标）”→ 抽象的“目标（靶子）”
词块：set a target, achieve / realise one’s target, target audience
名词动词化：be targeted at
6. fortunately：fortunate + -ly；同义词 luckily，句子副词
词族：fortune, fortunate, fortunately, unfortunate, unfortunately
7. extinction：extinct (adj 灭绝的) + -tion
词块：be in danger of / be on the edge of extinction
8. attitude：精准的汉语释义“态度”
词块：a good / bad / positive / negative attitude towards / to sth
9. devote：由de- (表示强调) + -vote (to vow 说、发愿)构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，引申为“致力于”“献身于”。
词块：devote oneself to, devote … to
10. ocean：英式英语用sea，美式英语用ocean
11. highlight：high + light，原为绘画术语，即最明亮的部分，后引申为“做标记、强调”
12. cruelty：cruel (adj 残忍的) + -y (名词后缀)
13. hunting：hunt (v 打猎) + -ing；
词块：go hunting
词族：hunt, hunter, hunting
14. presentation：present + -ation；
词块：give a presentation
15. reserve：re- (back 回) + -servare (protect 保护)
同根词：observe (必修一U3)
词块：reserve the right to do sth, reserve a room, oil reserves, a wildlife reserve
派生词：reservation (make a reservation)
16. staff：精准的汉语释义“全体职工”，作主语时谓语动词用复数
17. establish：近义词：set up, open, found (found更强调注入资金)
词块：establish oneself as
派生词：established (an established company 老牌公司)
18. damage：精准的汉语释义“损害；损坏”
词块：cause / do damage to
19. flood：隐喻：具体的“洪水” → 抽象的“大量 / 大批”
名词动词化（基本义“像洪水一样涌入”）
20. affect：基本义“影响”；熟词生义：使感动；使感染 (疾病)
21. supply：n 词块：school / medical supplies, supply and demand, the electricity supply；
v 词块： supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth
22. restore：re- (back 回) + store (储存) → 重新放回储存 → 恢复、修复
23. adopt： ad (to 去) + opt (选择) → 选择然后采用 → 采纳 → 选择后领走 → 收养
同根词：option (必修一U3)；派生词：adopted
24. sustainable：sustain (v 维持) + -able → 可持续的
词块：sustainable development
25. bulb：词块：a 60-watt bulb, energy-saving / energy-efficient bulbs
26. renewable：re- + new + -able ；词块：renewable energy / resources
27. carbon：词块：carbon dioxide (CO2), low-carbon lifestyle
28. greenhouse：green + house；词块：greenhouse effect
29. reusable：re + use + -able
30. brochure：词源：来自于法语broch (缝合) + -ure (名词后缀) → 缝合在一起的物品 → 册子
31. reduce：re- (back 向后) + -duc (bring, lead 带) → 带回 → 减少
词块：reduce from … to, reduce by
32. solar：词块：solar energy / power
33. release：词源：re- + lease (loosen 松开)，词源义和基本义为“放开；松开”；词块：release a movie
34. smog：拼缀法：smoke + fog，原用以指伦敦曾经被浓烟笼罩的情形
35. fog：词块：heavy / thick fog；派生词：foggy
36. severe：一词多义：基本义“严重的” (extremely bad or serious)
37. infection：infect (v 传染) + -tion
38. lecture：词块：attend / go to a lecture, give / deliver a lecture on / about sth
熟词生义：教训 (give sb a lecture about sth = lecture sb about sth)
39. permission：permit (v 允许) + -sion
词块：ask (for) permission, without permission, permission to do sth
40. slide：一词多义：基本义“滑动”；名词“滑梯”
熟词生义：幻灯片
reserve
重难点词
精讲
辨析义
一词多义
release
establish
一词多义
affect
damage, destroy, ruin
精准的汉语释义
辨析义
一词多义
辨析义
精准的汉语释义
搭配义
attitude
devote
搭配义
supply
搭配义辨析义
flood
一词多义
名词动词化
reduce
搭配义
severe
一词多义
attitude
Attitude is everything.
态度决定一切。
韦恩·戴尔（Wayne W. Dyer），1940年5月10日出生于美国密歇根底特律，美国深受欢迎的自助导师，畅销书作家与演讲大师、世界级心理学大师、全球激励与成长之父，是自我实现领域的国际知名作家和演讲家。他出版过37本畅销书，制作了许多广播节目和电视录像，而且在数千个电视和广播节目中做过嘉宾访谈。韦恩的影响力在美国乃至世界上都是不容忽视的，被无数喜欢他著作的读者尊称为“精神之父”。
attitude to / toward(s):
We should develop a good attitude to life. 2008 辽宁书面表达
姿势：
He knelt in an attitude of prayer.
attitude n [C] & [U]
态度；看法：
have / take / adopt a positive attitude
Everything depends on people’s attitude. / Attitude is everything. 2014 江西书面表达改
devote
华特 迪士尼（Walt Disney，1901年12月5日—1966年12月15日），出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥，美国著名的动画大师、企业家、导演、制片人、编剧、配音演员、卡通设计者、举世闻名的迪士尼公司创始人。华特 迪士尼获得了56个奥斯卡奖提名和7个艾美奖，是世界上获得奥斯卡奖最多的人。
一个人应该尽可能早地设定自己的目标，并且倾其精力和才能实现它。
devote vt
把……用于；致力于；献身于：
Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild homes. 2016 北京改
She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于：
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed. 2010 四川
devote词源解读
devote由de-（表示强调）+ -vote（to vow，说、发愿）构成。
词源义是“发下宏愿”，基本义是“把……用于”。
【词汇拓展】
devoted adj 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：
Her son, to whom she was so devoted, went abroad ten years ago.
devotion n [U] 献身；忠诚；热爱；专心：
devotion to duty
I respected his devotion to teaching.
be lost in
focus on
be absorbed in
be involved in
be engaged in
写作同义异构：除了devote oneself to你还能想到哪些表示“专注于/ 致力于做某事”的表达？
concentrate on
I have ________________（订购）a new computer on the Net.
I’d like to ________________（预订）
a table for three for eight o’clock.
book
ordered
reserve
reserve
reserve词源解读
reserve由re- “回（back）” 和词根-servare “保护（protect）”构成。词源义和基本义是“保留（to set aside, withhold）” 。
同根词：observe (必修一 Unit 3)
reserve vt
保留；保存；储备：
These seats are reserved for special guests.
If you order after that, we reserve the right to either
accept or reject order requests.
I’ll reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence.
预订 (book)：
reserve a room / ticket
reserve n
[C] [常用复数] 储备：
oil / gold reserves
[C] (野生动植物的) 保护区：
This coastal area was named a national wildlife reserve last year.
【词汇拓展】
[C] & [U] 保留；异议：
I accept your statement without reservation (= completely).
[C] (旅馆房间、剧院座位等的) 预订：
I’ll call the restaurant to make a reservation.
reservation n
“保留”事物
“保留”位置
保留；保存；储备
预订
reserve语义网络图
reserve
保留
基本义
储备
(野生动植物的) 保护区
n
v
创业
start / set up
a business
establish a business
establish vt
建立；创立；设立 (set up)：
establish contact / a relationship with
The company was established in 1980.
【辨析】
establish 公司、机构等（正式用语）
set up 公司、机构等（日常用语）
found 公司、机构等 （强调提供资金）
open 商店、餐馆、旅馆等（服务性质）
确立；立足；得到认可：
By 1909, Picasso had established himself as a painter of great talent in Paris.
By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.
This novel established the reputation he still enjoys today as one of America’s greatest writers.
established adj 已确立的；确定的：
an established fact
an established company
分词形容词（表示动作已完成），如advanced, developed, learned等
巴勃罗·毕加索（Pablo Picasso，1881-1973），西班牙画家、雕塑家。是现代艺术的创始人，西方现代派绘画的主要代表，是当代西方最有创造性和影响最深远的艺术家之一。其代表作有《梦》(Portrait of D.M)，《和平鸽》(Dove of Peace)，《亚威农少女》(Avignon girl)等。
文化拓展
文化拓展——Hollywood
在第一次世界大战之前以及之后的一段时间内，格里菲斯和卓别林等一些电影大师们为美国电影赢得了世界名誉，华尔街的大财团插手电影业。好莱坞电影城由此迅速形成并兴起，电影产业恰恰适应了美国在这一时期的经济飞速发展的需要，电影也进一步纳入经济机制，成为谋取利润的一部分，资本的雄厚，影片产量的增多，保证了美国电影市场在世界上的倾销。洛杉矶郊外的小村庄最终成为一个庞大的电影城，好莱坞也在无形中成为美国电影的代名词。
好莱坞（Hollywood）位于美国西海岸加利福尼亚州（State of California）洛杉矶郊外，是一个依山傍水，景色宜人的地方。最早是由摄影师寻找外景地时发现的，大约在20世纪初，这里便吸引了许多拍摄者，而后是一些为了逃避专利公司控制的小公司和独立制片商们纷纷涌来，逐渐形成了一个电影中心。
辨析damage, destroy, ruin
damage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友，想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢？我们先来看一篇学生习作。
[U] 损害；损坏；损失 harm or injury caused
when sth is broken or spoiled：
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.
do / cause damage to
The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. 2008 全国
[C] [复数] 损害赔偿金：
He was ordered to pay damages of $30,000.
damage n
■ 损害；损坏：(名词动化）
Don’t damage your health for a good figure.
侧重 “损”，可修复
damage vt
毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists：
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
【温故 】
消灭；杀死：
The dog attacked a child and had to be destroyed.
侧重 “毁”，无法修复
destroy = de- (down) + struere (build)
破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑
destroy vt (必修一 Unit 6)
“被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？
The rain ruined my hair.
头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。
在这里，理解英语释义也很重要。
◆ destroy: to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists
◆ ruin: to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.
糟蹋；(完全地) 毁坏 to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value, pleasure, etc.：
Don’t let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.
使破产 to make sb lose all his / her money：
If she loses the court case it will ruin her.
n
[U] 毁灭；破产：
the ruin of civilization
financial ruin
[C] [常用复数] 废墟；遗迹；残余：
the ruins of Rome
ruin vt
in ruins 成废墟；严重受损：
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
文化拓展
意大利的古罗马废墟 (the ruins of Rome)，位于斗兽场之旁，是昔日古罗马帝国的中心，是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。
这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不堪，却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。
小结
运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage, destroy和ruin。
◆ damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；
◆ destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；
◆ ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。
头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
flood
■ n
[C] & [U] 洪水；水灾：
The river was in flood.
Police have issued flood warnings.
[C] 大批；大量：
floods of rain
A simple click can bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games. 2009 江苏
■ v
vi & vt (被) 淹没；(使) 泛滥：
Heavy rainfalls flooded the village.
vi (洪水般地) 涌进：
Individual e-mail boxes are sometimes flooded with spam e-mails. 2010 陕西改
When we visited my old family home, memory came flooding back. 2009 辽宁
flooded adj 洪水泛滥的
flooding n [U] 水灾；洪水泛滥
同义异构：pour
affect
影响 to influence sb / sth：(基本义）
With the government’s aid, those (who were) affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. 2009 上海改
affect vt
[常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动：
She was deeply affected by the story.
= be moved
使感染 (疾病) to attack sb or a part of the body; to make sb become ill / sick：
Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.
affect 语义网络图
影响
affect
基本义
对精神的
“影响”
对身体的
“影响”
使感动；打动
使感染 (疾病)
影响
对人或物的“影响”
词语辨析
affect / effect
affect（动词）= to have an influence on sb / sth；影响某人 / 某事：
Does television affect children’s behaviour
effect（名词）= result, influence；作用；影响：
Does television have an effect on children’s behaviour
supply
water supply
gas supply
electricity supply
supply
■ n
[C] 供应量；补给量：
There was a plentiful supply of cheap labour.
Water is in short supply.
［复数］生活必需品；补给品：
school / medical / relief supplies
[U] 供应；供给：
supply and demand
cut off the electricity supply
■ vt 供给；供应；提供：
supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth:
The media supplies lots of information to us every day.
辨析provide, offer, supply
三者都有“供给、提供”的意思，但用法不同。
provide 指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给、提供”，常用provide sth for sb或provide sb with sth结构。
The Red Cross provides food and shelter for disaster victims.
The project is designed to provide young people with work.
offer 侧重表示“愿意给予”，常用offer sb sth或offer to do sth结构。
She offered me a reward for the return of her lost mobile phone.
He offered to go instead of me.
supply 通常指定期“供应”，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用supply sb with sth或supply sth to sb结构。
The butcher supplies us with meat.
零浪费 5R 原则
拒绝 (refuse) 你不需要的东西
减少 (reduce) 需要的物品
重复使用 (reuse) 现有的物品
回收利用 (recycle) 无法使用的物品
分解 (rot) 不可回收物品
reduce
reduce
vt & vi 缩减；减少：
The price has been reduced from $10 to $8.
Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility
of getting this disease by 40%. 2009 陕西
reduce to［常用于被动语态］使陷入（更坏的）境地；使沦落：
She was reduced to tears by their cruel words.
There lay my house, reduced to ruins, smelly and dirty.
【词汇拓展】
reduction n [C] & [U] 缩减；减少：
strategies for noise reduction
re- (back 向后) + -duc (bring, lead 带) → 带回 → 减少
同义异构：cut
release
My People My Homeland（《我和我的家乡》）was released on 1 October, 2020. The movie’s ticket sales added up to 2 billion yuan on Saturday, just 10 days after its release.
放开；松开 to stop holding sth (let go)：
Don’t release the rope.
释放；排放 to let sb / sth come out of a place where they have been kept or trapped：
release a prisoner
The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty.
release vt
release由re- + lease (loosen 松开) 构成，词源义及基本义为 “放开；松开（let go）”。
首映（电影）；发行（CD、书等）；发布（新闻等）：
release a movie / new version
发泄；宣泄 ：
Physical exercise is a good way of releasing stress.
解雇
release n
[U]［可用单数］放走；释放；排放；宣泄：
a release from prison
the release of homing pigeons
[U]［可用单数］发行；发布：
The software is planned for release in April.
[C] 发行的影片等；发布的新闻等：
the latest release
放开
release
（基本义）
release 语义网络图
放开某物的保密状态为公众所知
放开某物
放开被困的人或物
放开；松开
释放；排放
首映（电影）；发行（CD、书等）；发布（新闻等）
放开情感
发泄；宣泄
将某人从职务或责任中放开
解雇
n
v
放走；释放；排放；宣泄
发行；发布
发行的影片等；发布的新闻等
放开
release
（基本义）
severe
severe weather
恶劣天气
severe winter
寒冬
severe pain
剧痛
severe
adj
严重的 extremely bad or serious：
severe damage / a severe drought
严厉的；苛刻的：
be severe with oneself
严峻的；激烈的：
a severe winter
severe competition
词汇拓展
severely adv 严重地；严厉地：
a severely polluted lake
Anyone breaking the law will be severely punished.
问题、损害、疾病等“严重的”
人对待事情的态度“严重的”
环境或形势等
“严重的”
严重的
严厉的；苛刻的
严峻的；激烈的
severe语义网络图
严重的
severe
基本义
本单元金句汇总
1. Everything depends on people’s attitude. / Attitude is everything.
2. We should develop a good attitude to life.
3. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
4. If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
5. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years.
6. When we visited my old family home, memory came flooding back.
随堂检测
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I had to change my attitude about their ability and potential. (2018 天津)
_______
2. Happiness doesn’t depend on any external conditions. It is governed by our mental attitude. _______
3. Her hands were folded in an attitude of prayer. _______
二、将下列句子译成英语。
1. 态度决定一切。
_______________________________________________________
2. 你应该以积极的态度面对生活。(2009 江西改)
_______________________________________________________
attitude
Everything depends on people’s attitude. / Attitude is everything.
You should have / take / hold a positive attitude towards / to life.
看法
心态
姿势
devote
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. She devoted herself her career.
2. In real life the star of the film is a (devote) husband and father.
3. Her (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.
二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。
1. If I become a teacher, I will (全身心地投入)
giving them a better education.
2. He has (将一生奉献给) world peace. (2011 陕西)
3. The meeting will (用于) health and safety issues.
4. He (深爱着) his family.
devote myself to
be devoted to
was devoted to
devoted his whole life to
to
devoted
devotion
reserve
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I reserved a room in the name of Jones. ________
2. The management reserve the right to refuse admission.
________
3. This area was once a wildlife reserve last year. ________
4. We still have food reserves in case of emergency. ________
保护区
保留权利
预订
粮食储备
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Our goal is to establish a new research centre in the north. __________
2. He’d already begun to establish a reputation as a journalist. __________
3. He has just set up his own business, but it will take him a while to get established. __________
二、根据汉语提示，完成下列句子。
1. The purchase price could also be a signal that an ___________________ (老牌公司) is buying a new-born threat (威胁). (2017 江苏)
2. A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before _____________________ (正确建立). (2019 天津)
(it is) properly established
established company
establish
建立
确立声誉
站稳脚跟
1. The bus was badly ______________ when it hit the wall.
2. The building was completely ______________ by fire.
3. It poured with rain and my dress got ______________.
4. This illnesss has _____________ my life.
5. Ninety percent of their island was _____________ and they had nothing. (2012 山东)
6. The homeless shelter was entirely _____________ in the huge earthquake.
一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。
ruin damage destroy
damaged
destroyed
ruined
ruined
destroyed
destroyed
damage, destroy, ruin
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs. (2010 福建) ___________
2. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there’s none left. (2012 重庆) ___________
3. The rain caused the streets to flood and the subway system almost came to a stop. (2008 山东) ___________
4. Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people. (2017 天津) ___________
flood
大量的 / 大批的
洪水泛滥的地区
被淹没
大量涌入
一、根据句意选出 affect 的最佳释义。
__________ 1. Welch examined a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly disease mainly affecting children. (2016 北京改)
__________ 2. With the government’s aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. (2009 上海改)
__________ 3. I was deeply affected by the film.
影响
[常用于被动语态] 使感动；打动
使感染 (疾病)



affect
二、选出适当的单词，并用其适当形式填空。
(affect, effect)
1. I tried to persuade him, but with little or no ____________.
2. When I was 50, my weight problem began to ____________ me seriously. (2017 天津改)
effect
affect
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. _____________ (食品补给) in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there’s none left. (2012 重庆)
2. The Help Desk ___________________ (为……提供服务) you all the year round! (2008 湖南)
3. She survived because of ____________________ (充足的供应) of fresh water. (2015 陕西)
4. Water is _______________ (供应短缺), pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy. (2014 陕西)
supply
Food supplies
supplies service to
a plentiful supply
in short supply
一、选出能替换画线部分的单词或短语。
The price has been reduced from $10 to $8. (cut / doubled)
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
Small businesses will need to ______________ (减少成本) in order to survive.
2. One of the most effective ways to _____________________ (减压) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. (2015 浙江)
3. The workers had been ______________ (减少了一半).
√
reduce
reduce costs
reduce stress / pressure
reduced by half
一、请将下列短语翻译成汉语。
1. press releases __________
2. sign a release __________
3. release information __________
4. release a new film __________
5. release prisoners of war ____________
6. release the creative powers of the people _______________
新闻稿
签发释放令
透露消息
发行新影片
释放战俘
激发人民的创造性
release
二、根据汉语提示完成下列句子。
He ____________________ (放开了她的胳膊).
2. Don’t ______________________________ (放开绳索).
3. The prisoner was questioned _______________ (在他获得释放之前).
4. The new film will _____________________ (将于下个月发行).
5. After my examination I had __________________ (如释重负).
6. The trainer ________________________________ (把鲸鱼放归大海).
released her arm
release (your hold on) the rope
before his release
be released next month
a feeling of release
released the whale into the sea
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
severe
1. The US faces severe economic problems. ________
2. She was a severe woman who seldom smiled. ________
3. The negotiations (谈判) will be a severe test of abilities. ________
4. She wore a severe black dress, and plain black shoes. ________
严重的
严厉的
严峻的
朴素的
谢
谢
观
赏