外研版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first单元考点突破学案（无答案）

名师原创：Unit6 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. scare v．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬　n．恐慌，惊吓
【原句再现】
People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse.
【词块积累】
scary adj. 可怕的，吓人的
scared adj. 害怕的，恐惧的
scare sb./sth. away/off　把……吓跑
scare sb. to death 把……吓得要死
scare sb.into doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事
scare sb.out of one's mind/skin 把某人吓得魂不附体
be scared of sth./doing sth.害怕….
be scared to do sth. 不敢做…
be scared + that 从句 怕某事
【精品例句】
Almost every child is scared of something, from monsters to dongs.
几乎每个孩子都害怕些什么，从怪物到狗
She is scared of going out of alone. 她害怕一个人出去
The boys were scared to cross the street. 那些男孩不敢过马路
She didn’t like riding because she was scared that the horse might kick her.
她不喜欢骑马，因为她怕马会踢她
The drought is really serious，but it can't scare us.
旱情确实很严重，但它吓不倒我们
Don't you realize what a scare you've given us all
你难道没意识到你把我们大家都吓得不轻吗？
I'm sorry，but I didn't mean to scare you.
对不起，我并不是要吓唬你们
【高考链接】
News of the robbery scared many people into fitting new locks to their doors.(山东卷) (into)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The high price scared _______ many possible buyers. (away/off)
It's_______ (scare) to think how easily children can be hurt. (scary)
2. due adj. 欠下的；到期的；预期的，预定的
【原句再现】
This was not only due to fear of sharks，but also finning.
【词块积累】
be due to do sth. 预期/预计做某事
due to… 由于…; 归功于…
【精品例句】
The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow. 他应得的工资明天付给他
Please make sure you return the book before it’s due. 请确保在到期前还书
The next income tax payment is due on Jamuary31.
下一次所得税支付期限是一月31日
After only six months he was due for a raise if this assessment was satisfactory.
如果这份评价令人满意，六个月后他就会晋升
I think I would be a good journalist due to my language skills.
由于我的语言技能，我想我可以成为一名出色的记者
Most of the problems were due to human error.
多数问题都是人为错误造成的
That money is due to me，but I haven't got it yet.
那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到
The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of money.
这项工程由于缺乏资金而不得不放弃
【高考链接】
The bus was due _____ (arrive) at 5 p．m.，but it arrived one hour late due _______ the heavy fog. ( 陕西卷) (to arrive, to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The restaurant's success was largely due _______ its new manager. (to)
3. attitude n．态度；看法；姿势
【原句再现】
Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.
【词块积累】
attitude to/toward(s)…对待…态度
have/take/adopt a positive attitude 采取积极的态度
【精品例句】
Everything depends on people’s attitude. 一切取决于人们的态度
Attitude is everything. 态度决定一切
We should develop a good attitude to life. 我们应该树立良好的生活态度
He knelt in an attitude of prayer. 他以祈祷的姿势跪着
【高考链接】
Despite such a big difference in ____ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. (湖北课改卷）
A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Do you know his attitude ______ the meeting. (to/toward/towards)
4. cut off 切掉，砍掉；切断，中断(供给)；使隔绝
【原句再现】
Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.
【词块积累】
cut down　　砍倒；减少，缩减
cut in插话；插进；让某人分享利润
cut out 裁剪；删除
cut up 切碎；剁碎
cut through 开通(隧道)
【精品例句】
He had hardly turned on the TV when the power was cut off.
他刚要打开电视就停电了
The village was cut off from the outside world by heavy snow for a month.
由于大雪，这个村子与外界隔离了一个月
He had a finger cut off by a machine while working.
他在工作时被机器切掉了一个手指
【高考链接】
My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking，but at least he has cut ______．(陕西课改卷) (down)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is impolite for children to cut _____ when adults are talking. (in)
Let's cut ______ the chicken and make some soup. (up)
5. devote vt. 奉献；致力； 专心
【原句再现】
Now, she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.
【词块积累】
devotion n. 献身；忠诚；热爱；专心
devotion to duty 忠于职守
devote onself/sth. To sth./doing sth. 把…奉献于…；致力于…
be devoted to sth./doing sth. 专心于…；致力于….
【精品例句】
She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
她为中国的妇女儿童医疗事业奉献了毕生精力
The old man devoted his life to helping the poor. 这位老人为救济穷人耗尽了毕生精力
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
如果你有一份工作，务必全身心地投入，最终你会成功的
【高考链接】
Her son, to whom she was so ____, went abroad ten years ago. (湖北课改卷)
A. loved B. cared C. devoted D. affected (C)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The scientist devoted all his energy to _______ (do) research on the project. (doing)
6. establish vt. 建立；创立；设立；确立；立足
【原句再现】
Well, SNNR was established in 2000 and is the highest and second largest nature reserve in China.
【词块积累】
established adj. 确立的；确定的
establishment n. 建立；设立；确立
an education establishment 一个教育机构
establish contact/a relationship with…与…建立联系、关系
establish sb./sth. as…把….确立为….
【精品例句】
The company was established in 1980. 这家公司成立于1980年
By then she was established as a famous star. 那时她的明星地位已得到确立
This unit is an established part of the course. 这个单元是本课程既定的一部分
The speaker announced the establishment of a new college. 发言人宣布了新学院的成立
By the 1920s the film industry was well established in Hollywood, California.
至二十世纪二十年代，电影业在加利福尼亚州的好莱坞已站稳脚跟
【高考链接】
By 1909, Picasso had established himself _____ a painter of great talent in Paris . (陕西卷)
(as)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
This novel established the reputation he still enjoys today _______ one of America’s greatest writers. (as)
7. damage vt. 损害；损坏；n. 损坏；损害；损失；损害赔偿金
【原句再现】
In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland that were damaged by human activity.
【词块积累】
storm damage to the trees 暴风雨对树木造成的损害
do/cause damage to…对….造成/引起损害
【精品例句】
He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.他被车撞了，脑部严重损伤
The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years.
问题显而易见; 多年来，人类已经严重破坏了自己的家园(全国卷)
The heavy rain had caused serious damage to the roof. 大雨严重损坏了房顶
He was ordered to pay damages of S30,000.他被责令支付3万美元的损害赔偿金
Don t damage your health for a good figure. 不要为了好身材而损害健康
My car was badly damaged, but luckily the kids were not seriously hurt.
我的车受损严重，但庆幸的是孩子们伤得并不重
辨析：damage, destroy, ruin, spoil 四者都有“破坏”之意。 damage通常指部分性的损坏，往往指价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，往往表示可以修复的破坏；destroy指彻底的毁坏、毁掉或毁灭，往往无法或很难修复；ruin强调“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去优良的特性或特征，不能恢复。与spoil同义且常可换用，只是语气比spoil稍强; spoil强调“损坏”，与ruin同义，语气不如ruin强; 还有“宠坏”、“ 溺爱”之意
Smoking will damage your health. 抽烟会损害你的健康
That town was destroyed in the earthquake.那个城镇在地震中毁掉了
He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.
他碰翻了一瓶墨水，把那块桌布弄脏了
The bad weather ruined spoilt our trip. 恶劣的天气破坏了我们的旅行
She spoils those kids of hers. 她那几个孩子被她宠坏了
【高考链接】
The accident caused some to my car, but it's nothing serious. (辽宁卷)
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The earthquake did much damage ____ the village. (to)
8. supply n. 供应量; 补给量; 生活必需品; 补给品; 供应; 供给; vt. 供给; 供应; 提供
【原句再现】
We’ve also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes, which affect the water supply downstream.
【词块积累】
school/ medical / relief supplies学校用品/医疗用品/救援物资
supply and demand供应与需求
cutoff the electricity supply切断电力供应
supply sth to sb / supply sb with sth.
【精品例句】
There was a plentiful supply of cheap labor
有大量的廉价劳动力
The media supplies lots of information to us every
媒体每天给我们提供很多信息
【高考链接】
As the world's population continues to grow, the ______ of food becomes more and more of a concern. (浙江卷)
A. worth B. supply C. package D. list (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The bookstore supplied the school ______ many science book. (with)
9. permit vi & vt许可; 准许(反义词：forbid); (使) 成为可能; n. 许可证;执照
【原句再现】
A polite interruption is usually framed as a request of permission to interrupt someone, often starting with if…, May I … or Can I …
【词块积累】
permission n. 许可；准许
without permission 未经允许
give sb. Permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit sb. sth 允许某人某事
permit doing sth 允许做某事
permit sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事
【精品例句】
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.
图书馆内任何地方都禁止使用手机打电话
Please permit me a few words.请允许我说几句
He permitted me to retake the test, and I pulled my grade to an A.
他允许我重新参加考试，我的成绩因此提高到了A
I’ll pick you up at the airport if time permits. 如果时间允许的话，我会去机场接你
We'll start tomorrow, weather permitting.天气允许的话，我们明天出发
The password permits access to all files on the hard disk.
这个密码可调出硬盘上的所有文件
温馨提示：permit和allow的用法相似，但指天气、时间等客观因素允许时，只能用permit
Hikers need a camping permit for overnight stays in the park.
远足者要在公园过夜必须有野营许可证
【高考链接】
The party will be held in the garden, weather ___ (permit). (全国课改卷) (permitting)
Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. (天津卷)
A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We don’t permit _______ (talk) in the library. (talking)
10. majority n. 多数；大多数，（反minority）
【原句再现】
Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.
【词块积累】
温馨提示：1. majority常与of连用，后接可数名词复数，当“majority +of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数；2.当majority后不接of短语时，如着眼于整体，谓语动词用单数; 如着眼于众多个体，谓语动词用复数
【精品例句】
We live in a country where women are in the majority.
在我们居住的国家里，妇女占大多数
The majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health.
大多数人认为吸烟有害健康
The majority was / were in favor of the proposal. 大多数人赞成这个提议
Who says the majority is always able to make the minority agree with their idea
谁说多数人总能使少数人同意他们的想法
【高考链接】
One-third of the country _____ (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ (be) black people. (湖南课改卷) (is, are)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The_______ (major) of students find it quite hard to learn German. (majority)
11. amount n. 数量；数额；总数；vi. amount达到 (某数量); 合计； 相当于; 等于; 意味着
【原句再现】
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.
【词块积累】
amount to…达到…；合计；相当于…
温馨提示：amounts of / a large (huge / small) amount of…常与不可数名词连用，作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数与 amount的数保持一致
【精品例句】
When you are travelling, don’t display large amounts of cash to others.
当你旅行时，不要对别人显露大量的现金
A little bit of kindness will be rewarded with a huge amount of benefits.
滴水之恩当涌泉相报
Large amounts of money were spent on building the bridge.
大量的资金用在了这座桥的建造上
There's only a small amount of food. 只有一点儿食物
My income for that week amounted to 112. 那个星期我的收入达到了112英镑
Keeping what belongs to another amounts to stealing. 占有别人的东西就相当于偷窃
【高考链接】
Large amounts of water _______ (waste) . (江西课改卷) (are wasted)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
A great amount of fine paper ______ (throw) away in this company. (was thrown)
12. urge vt. 催促；力劝；极力主张；驱策；驱赶; n. 强烈的冲动
【原句再现】
It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table.
【词块积累】
urgent adj. 急迫的；紧急的；迫切的
in urgent need of ….急需…
in urgent need of money 急需钱
urge sb. To do sth.
urge that 主语 + (should) do sth.
【精品例句】
They urged me to eat the strange food. 他们怂恿我吃那张奇怪的食物
He urged we (should) take such steps. 他极力主张我们采取这些措施
I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. 我赶着大象进到森林的更深之处
I was embarrassed, but I fought the urge to run off the stage.
我感到很尴尬，但是我控制住了想跑下台的冲动
Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.
一天中的每分钟都排满了亟待解决的事情
【高考链接】
The boss urged that the important meeting ___ (put off) . (江西卷) 【(should) be put off】
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They urged that the thief ______ (punish) at once. 【(should) be punished】
13. contribute vt.&vi. 捐助; 捐献; 贡献; 造成/促使(某事发生); 投(稿); 撰(稿)
【原句再现】
Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint.
【词块积累】
contributor n 捐款人; 撰稿人; 起作用的因素
contribution n. 捐款; 捐献物; 贡献; 稿件; 作品
contribute (sth) to sth 对….奉献…
contribute (money) to the Red Cross向红十字会捐钱
contribute to …对…做出贡献，对….起作用
【精品例句】
It was generous of her to con tribute such a large sum of money.
她很大方，捐了这么一大笔钱
He never contributes (ideas) to the discussion. 他在讨论时从不发表意见
Alcohol contributes to 100, 000 deaths a year in the US.
在美国，酒精每年造成10万人死亡
Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses.
压力是诸多疾病的致病因素
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章
I gave a contribution of $100 to / toward the church. 我给教堂捐了1 00美元
This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.
这是一本由著名旅行作家撰稿的杂志。
【高考链接】
I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution ________ the world. (湖南卷)
(to/toward)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Immigrants have contributed ________the British culture in many ways. (to/toward)
14. concern vt. 关于; 与…有关; 涉及; 牵涉; 使担心; 使关心; 使关注; n担心; 忧虑; 关心
【原句再现】
We are concerned that …..
【词块积累】
concern oneself with…把…与…连一起
concerned adj. 有关的;有关联的; 担忧的;关心的; 关注的; 关心的
be concerned with / in 与…有关；关注；关心
be concerned about / for 担心；关心
as far as... be concerned就而言; 关于
concerning prep. 关于
various questions concerning pollution and environment有关污染和环境的各种问题
the growing concern about/for / over continuing high unemployment
对居高不下的失业率的日益担忧
【精品例句】
The film concerns a girl who goes to Africa as a volunteer.
这部电影讲的是一个女孩到非洲当志愿者的故事
Please pay attention because this information concerns all of you.
请注意，因为这条消息涉及你们每一个人
My father’s illness concerns us greatly. 父亲的病情使我们很担心
A good doctor should always concern himself with his patients.
好医生应当时时刻刻关心他的病人
I appreciate everyone's concern and help at this difficult time.
在此困难时刻，我很感激每个人对我的关心和帮助
I'm a bit concerned about/for her safety. 我有点担心她的安全
More people are concerned with the protection of endangered animals.
更多的人关注濒危动物的保护工作
As far as I'm concerned, you can do what you like. 就我个人而言，你想做什么都可以。
【高考链接】
I'm doing fine as far as history _____ (concern) concerned, but my math is not good.(安徽卷) (is concerned)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
People concerned _______ the event were all punished. (with/in)
●本单元其它要点简析
15. in fear. 恐惧地；害怕地
She surface, cries in fear, then disappears forever. (教材)
The children looked at her in fear.
16. the other way round 与之相反；正好相反；反过来；
He came to see people as a danger to sharks, rather than the other way round.(教材)
Students practice translating from Chinese into English and the other way round.
17. break down. 分解；降解
It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down to break down, but much less time for paper. (教材)
The substance is easily broken down by bacteria.
18. take….into account 考虑，顾及，体谅；把…考虑在内；考虑…的因素
In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away—even taking into account its transport. (教材)
A good transport strategy must take into the environmental issues.
19. mistake… for… 把….误认为….
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake then for food.(教材)
The little girl mistake the man for her father.
●句式点拨
形容词作状语
【原句再现】
Some people stopped swimming in the sea，afraid of the horrible creature from the film.
(教材)
【词块积累】
句式分析：afraid of the horrible creature from the film是形容词短语作状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态。形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
【精品例句】　
Surprised and afraid，Tom ran out of the room.
又惊又怕，汤姆从房间里跑了出去。
One woman was lying in bed，awake，listening to the rushing winds.
一位妇女躺在床上，醒着，静听着那急急的风声。
After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired.
长途旅行后他们三个回家了，又累又饿。
【高考链接】
The little match girl was walking in the street，cold and _____ (hunger)．(陕西卷)
(hungry)
【考点训练】
________ (surprise) and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (Surprised)
He came back after a trip，______ (tire) but happy. (tired)
●过去分词（见语法课件）
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