(共35张PPT)
Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
人教新目标版 七年级下
2d&Grammar focus-3c优质课
Learning objectives
1.Functions: 能简单谈论规章制度
2. Grammar: ① 祈使句(重点为否定结构)
② 情态动词can表“许可”的用法(肯定及否定陈述，一般疑问句结构及肯定和否定回答)
③ 情态动词must的句型结构(仅限肯定陈述)
④ 情态动词have to的句型结构(肯定及否定陈述，一般疑问结构及肯定和否定回答)
hallway
be on time
fight
arrive
must
don’t
listen to
dinning
hall
Read the words and phrases before they are disappearing.
rule
Quick eyes
Talk with your partner.
A: What are the rules
B: .
/ .
Don’t run in the hallways
We can’t run in the hallways
Don’t listen to music in class
We can’t listen to music in class
Don’t fight
We can’t fight
Don’t eat in the classroom
We must eat in the dining hall
Don’t arrive late for class
We must be on time
Challenge
Every school or class has its own rules.
Every school or class has its own rules.
John is at a new school.
Let’s see what rules his new
school has.
Lead-in
Q1:What are John and Alice talking about
Q2: How many rules does Alice mention
Q3: What rules does the school have
School rules.
Four rules.
Dos
Don’ts
Don’t be late for school.
Don’t bring music players to school.
Wear the school uniform.
Be quiet in the library.
Read 2d and answer the following questions.
Complete the sentences according to 2d.
1.The students _____ be on time.
2. _____ the students bring music players to school
No, they _____.
3.The students always _________ wear the school uniform.
4.The students also __________ be quiet in the library.
must
Can
can’t
have to
have to
John: Hi, my name’s John. It’s my first day at school.
Alice: Hi, John. I’m Alice. This is a great school, but there are a lot
of rules.
John: Really What are some of the rules
Alice: Well, don’t be late for class. This is very important.
John: OK, so we must be on time. Can we bring music players to school
Alice: No, we can’t. And we always have to wear the school uniform.
John: I see.
Alice: Oh, and we also have to be quiet in the library.
Listen and read.
/ m p (r)tnt/ adj. 重要的
/br / v. 带来；取来
/ ju n f (r)m/ n. 校服；制服
必须；不得不
/ kwa t /adj. 安静的
2d
important 重要的，为形容词，可作表语或定语。
常用句型: It is important (for sb.) to do sth. “（对某人来说）做某事是重要的”。
例如： 做运动很重要。______________________________
对孩子们来说，保持健康非常重要。______________________________
Doing exercise is important.
For kids, it’s very important to keep healthy.
This is very important. 这是非常重要的。
Language points
Can we bring music players to school
bring 意为“带来”。反义词为take(带走)
bring sb./sth. to +地点名词 把某人/某物带到某地(后跟地点副词时省略to)
bring sb. sth.=bring sth.for sb. 给某人带来某物
bring: 从别处拿/带某物到说话者所在的地方
take: 从说话者所在的地方拿/ 带某物到别处
例如： 把你的iPad拿这里来。
______________________________
把它拿到厨房去。
______________________________
Bring your iPad here.
Take it to the kitchen.
【易混辨析】bring, take, carry与get
bring 带来；取来 从别处带到说话人这边，多与here连用。
take 带走；拿走 从说话人这边带到别处，多与there连用。
carry 搬运 无方向性，多指搬重物。
get 去拿来 从这边去别处，拿东西再回到这边。
Bring your raincoat here. 把你的雨衣拿到这里。
You’d better take her to hospital. 你最好带她去医院。
Can you help me carry the box 你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？
Please get me my glasses. 请把我的眼镜拿来。
And we always have to wear the school uniform.
…and we also have to be quiet in the library.
情态动词have to 的用法:“必须、不得不”.
have to表“必须”时与must意义接近，有时可与must互换，但have to所表示的“必须”更侧重于客观需要。
情态动词must通常表示说话人的主观看法，“必须”。无人称和数的变化 ，不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
其否定形式为mustn't，“不准；禁止”。
例如： 我不得不在家照顾我弟弟。
______________________________
孩子们必须6点前回来。
______________________________
I have to look after my brother at home.
The children must be back before 6 o’clock.
have to可用在不同时态中，有人称和数的变化。
结构:1.肯定形式：主语＋ have to ＋动词原形＋其他
has to(一般现在时, 单三式)
2.否定形式:“不必”主语＋ don't have to＋动词原形＋其他
doesn't have to(一般现在时，单三式)
3.疑问句: Do (Does) ＋主语＋have to ＋动词原形＋其他
例如： 尼克不必穿制服。
______________________________
-周末你必须呆在家里吗 -是的, 我必须。/不, 我不必。
______________________________
Nick doesn’t have to wear a uniform.
--Do you have to stay at home on weekends
--Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
wear the school uniform穿校服
wear穿；戴
wear作动词，强调状态。其宾语除衣服、鞋、帽子、手套外，还可以是首饰、眼镜、耳机、胡子、假发、奖章等。
例如： 这次晚会，你应该戴一顶帽子。______________________________
她总是戴着一副眼镜。
______________________________
You should wear a hat for the party.
She always wears a pair of glasses.
And we always have to wear the school uniform.
【拓展延伸】put on也可表示“穿；戴”，但它强调动作，指把衣服鞋、袜、帽子、手套等穿上或戴上。
It’s snowing outside. You’d better put on your scarf.
外面在下雪。你最好戴上你的围巾。
put on wear
Read the dialogue aloud for a few minutes by yourself;
Role-play in groups;
Role-play in front of the class.
We’ll see which group does the best.
Role play
1. 不要在楼道里跑。 _______________________
2. 不要打架。 _______________
3. 有什么规矩？ __________________________
4. 我们必须按时上课。__________________________
5. 我们可以在教室里吃东西吗？
______________________
6. 不能。但我们可以在餐厅里吃东西。
______________________________
______________________________
Don’t fight.
Don’t run in the hallways.
What are the rules
We must be on time for class.
Can we eat in the classroom
No, we can’t, but we can eat in the dining hall.
Complete the sentences.
Practice
7. 我们可以在上课的时候带帽子吗？
___________________________
8. 他在学校里必须穿校服吗？
_________________________________
9. 是的，必须。/ 不，不必。
_______________________________
10. 你们必须做什么？
_______________________________
11. 在图书馆里我们必须保持安静。
________________________________
Can we wear a hat in class
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Does he have to wear a uniform at school
What do you have to do
We have to be quiet in the library.
Grammar
Focus
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。在祈使句中，通常省略主语you，其肯定形式以动词原形开头，否定形式是在动词原形前加don’t。祈使句句尾用句号或感叹号，读时用降调。为表示礼貌，可以在句首或句尾加上please。句末用please时，前面通常加逗号。
语法概述
肯定句：动词原形 (+宾语)+其他.
否定句：Don’t+动词原形 (+宾语) +其他.
Wear the school uniform on weekdays, please. 上学日请穿校服。
Don’t watch TV before dinner.
晚饭前不要看电视。
Do 型祈使句的构成
肯定句：Be+表语+其他.
否定句：Don’t+be+表语 +其他.
Be careful next time.
下次要细心。
Don’t be late for school!
上学不要迟到!
Be 型祈使句的构成
肯定句：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
否定句：Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他.
或Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他.
Let’s have a rest. 咱们休息一下吧。
Don’t let him go swimming. = Let him not go swimming. 不要让他去游泳。
Let 型祈使句的构成
其他类型的否定祈使句
(1) No+v-ing! / No+名词!
No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
No parking! 禁止停车!
No photos! 禁止拍照!
(2) never 代替don’t 来加强语气。
Never give up! 决不放弃!
祈使句
Do 型祈使句的构成
Be 型祈使句的构成
Let 型祈使句的构成
No+v-ing! / No+名词!
never 代替don’t 来加强语气
情态动词have to与must
We must be on time. 我们必须准时。
Does he have to wear a uniform at school 他在学校必须穿校服吗？
He has to live at school because his home is far away from school.
他不得不住校，因为他家离学校很远。
语法示例
二者均可表示“必须”，其后均接动词原形。
It’s too late. I have to take a taxi. 太晚了，我必须乘出租车。
I must go now. 我必须现在就走。
have to与must的不同点
have to ①强调因客观因素影响而不得不做某事，跟主观意愿无关，通常上下文中会有暗示客观因素的句子，多译为“不得不”。
②可用于不同的时态，有人称和数的变化，其一般现在时的第三人称单数形式为has to；过去式为had to。
③have to的否定形式为don’t/doesn’t /didn’t have to，表示“不必”。
must ①表示因主观需要或责任感的驱使而有必要或义务去做某事，多译为“必须”。
②一般只用来表示现在，没有人称和数的变化。
③must的否定形式为mustn’t，表示“禁止，不准“。
Write the rules for the school library.
3a
Library Rules
1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
Don’t talk.
1
2
3
4
Don’t eat in the library.
Don’t listen to music in the library.
Don’t take photos in the library.
Use the words to make questions about the rules. Then write answers according to your school.
Q: Does she have to be quiet in the library (she/have to/in the library)
A: Yes, she does.
Be quiet
3b
Does he have to eat in the dinning hall
Yes, he does.
Eat
Q:__________________________________ (he/have to/in the dining hall)
A:__________________________________
Q:_________________________________(we/can/in the hallways)
A:_________________________________
Listen to music
Can we listen to music in the hallways
No, we can’t.
Wear a hat
Q:_________________________________(we/can/in the classroom)
A:_________________________________
Can we wear a hat in the classroom
No, we can’t.
Make up five cool rules for your dream school. Share your rules with the class. Your classmates vote for the Coolest School!
3c
1.We can eat in class.
2.We don’t have to come to school every day.
3. ...
At my dream
school, we don’t have
to come to school
every day. We...
Report to the class. (汇报)
In my dream school, we don't have to come to school every day. We can study at home and ask the teacher for help when we have questions. We can eat in the classroom but we must keep the classroom clean. We can listen to music in the classroom but we must listen to it after class. We can bring our cellphone to school but we can't bring it to the classroom.We don't have to wear school uniforms every day, we can wear our own comfortable clothes. I think my dream will come true!
Our school makes rules to keep us safe.
We must follow them.
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