2023年中考英语总复习--动词时态专题（部分无答案）

中考英语总复习--时态
一般现在时：
定义：
a. 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。
b. 描述主语的状态、性质、特征、能力等，目的是为了“描述现阶段的动作或者状态。
c. 陈述客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
具体用法：
1. 含be动词的一般现在时的句型转换
肯定句：主语+be（am/is/are）+其他。
否定句：主语+be（am/is/are）+not+其他
一般疑问句：Be+主语+其他？
回答：Yes, 主语+be No, 主语+be+not.
2. 含实义动词的一般现在时的句型转换：（以 have为例）
肯定句：主语+谓语动词原型/三单形式+其他。
否定句：主语+do+not+谓语动词原形+其他
一般疑问句：助动词do/does+主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+do/does
否定回答：No, 主语+do/does+not.
动词第三人称单数变化规律：
大多数动词在词尾加“s”。
以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词,加“es”。
以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”。
【总结】
一般现在时谓语动词的基本结构：1.原形； 2.单三 助动词的形式：do/does
一般过去时：
定义：
表示过去某个时间点发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语词：
last... ; yesterday....; in+过去的时间；...ago
具体用法：
1. 含be动词的一般过去时的句型转换
肯定句：主语+be（was/were）+其他。
否定句：主语+be（was/were）+not+其他
一般疑问句：Be+主语+其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be 否定回答：No, 主语+be+not.
2. 含实义动词的一般现在时的句型转换：（以 have为例）
肯定句：主语+谓语动词（一般过去式）+其他。
否定句：主语+did+not+谓语动词原形+其他。
一般疑问句：助动词did+主语+动词原形+其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+did 否定回答：No, 主语+did+not.
动词过去式的变化规则
一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加ed.
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加d.
以辅元辅结尾的动词，双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed.
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加ed.
【备注】
一般过去时谓语动词的基本结构：过去式； 助动词的形式：did
时间状语词：last... ; yesterday....; in+过去的时间；...ago
一般将来时：be going to
定义：
①表示计划、安排或规定要发生的动作或事情，强调主观性。
eg：I'm going to visit Beijing next week.
②表示某种迹象表明可能将要发生的动作。
eg：Look at the clouds. It's going to rain.
时间状语词:
tomorrow...; next...; in+将来的时间...; this...等。
具体用法：
肯定句：主语＋be＋going to＋动词原形＋其他．
否定句：主语＋be＋not＋going to＋动词原形＋其他．
一般疑问句：Be＋主语＋going to＋动词原形＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be. 否定回答：No, 主语+be+not.
ex: I am going to Beijing tomorrow.
ex: I am not going to Beijing tomorrow.
ex: --Is he going to Beijing tomorrow
--Yes, he is . No, he isn’t.
ex: How are you going to Beijing tomorrow
【备注】
一般将来时谓语动词的基本结构：be going to+动原
助动词的形式：be going to
时间状语词: tomorrow...; next...; in+将来的时间...; this...等。
一般将来时：will
定义：
表将来某一个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。
具体用法：
肯定句：主语＋will＋动词原形＋其他．
否定句：主语＋will＋not＋动词原形＋其他．
一般疑问句：Will＋主语＋动词原形＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+Will. 否定回答：No, 主语+ Will+ not.
特殊情况：there be句型
肯定句：There will be＋主语＋其他。
否定句: There won't be＋主语＋其他。
一般疑问句形式：“Will there be＋主语＋其他？”
肯定回答为：Yes，there will. 否定回答为：No，there won't.。
ex: I will go to Beijing tomorrow.
ex: I will not go to Beijing tomorrow.
ex: --Will he go to Beijing tomorrow
--Yes, he will . No, he won’t.
ex: How will you go to Beijing tomorrow
【备注】
一般将来时谓语动词结构：will+动原
助动词的形式：will
现在完成时
定义：
①表示开始于过去，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去(也可能不继续下去)。
She has taught in the school for ten years. 十年前他就在学校教学。
②表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果。
　 She has had a good education. 他接受了好的教育。
时间状语词：
since+时间点，for+时间段，already(肯定句), yet（疑否句）, 表示次数的时间状语：three times, recently， up to now， so far， in/over/during the last/past few months等。
具体用法：
肯定句：主语＋have/has(主语为第三人称单数时)＋done(过去分词)＋其他．
否定句：主语+have/has(主语为第三人称单数时)+not＋done(过去分词)．
一般疑问句：Have/Has＋主语＋done(过去分词)＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has.
否定回答：No, 主语+ have/has l+ not.
ex: He has already left here.
ex: My teachers haven't had breakfast yet.
ex: Have you written to your parents yet？
【备注】
一般现在完成时谓语动词的结构：have/has+ done
助动词的形式：have/has
现在进行时：
定义：
表示说话时正在进行的或发生动作，状态。
表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。
ex: They are compiling a dictionary. 他们在编一本词典
时间状语词：
now现在， at the moment现在，look/listen....等。
具体用法：
肯定句：主语＋be(am /is/are)＋动词现在分词形式＋其他．
否定句：主语+ be(am /is/are)＋not+动词现在分词形式＋其他．
一般疑问句：Be＋主语＋动词现在分词形式＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be(am /is/are).
否定回答：No, 主语+ be(am /is/are)+ not.
ex: He is reading his book.
ex: He is not reading his book.
ex: --Are you reading your book？
--Yes, I am.
--No, I am not.
【备注】
现在进行时谓语动词的基本结构：be(am /is/are) + doing
过去进行时：
定义：
1.表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
ex: We were sleeping at 9 last night .
2.表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。
ex: We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
时间标志词：
at this time yesterday at that time at 8:00 yesterday evening
this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening.
具体用法：
肯定句：主语＋be(was/were)＋动词现在分词形式＋其他．
否定句：主语+ be(was/were)＋not+动词现在分词形式＋其他．
一般疑问句：Be＋主语＋动词现在分词形式＋其他？
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be(was/were).
否定回答：No, 主语+ be(was/were)+ not.
动词现在分词变化规则
① 一般情况下直接加ing
② 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去掉字母e，再加ing 。
③ 以“辅元辅”结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing 。
④ 以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing。
【备注】
过去进行时谓语动词的基本结构：be(was/were) + doing
【巩固练习】
一、单选题。
1.—It's ten years since we came here.
—How time flies! We ____ in China for so long.
A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked
【答案】D
【解析】句意：-自从我们来到这里已经有10年了。-时间过得真快啊！我们在中国工作了这么长时间了。work工作，动词原形；worked工作，一般过去时；will work一般将来时；have worked现在完成时。根据对话的情景以及句中的时间状语for so long可知，这里表示从过去一直持续到现在的一个动作，应用现在完成时，故选D。
2.Amon ____________ his ship in a big storm when a giant fish came out of the sea.
A. will sail B. is sailing C. was sailing D. has sailed
【答案】C
【解析】句意：阿蒙驾船在暴风雨中航行时，一条大鱼从海里游了出来。考查动词时态辨析。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循主过从过；根据when a giant fish came out of the sea.可知遇到大雨时阿蒙正在航行，主句需用过去进行时，故选C。
3.Students in Grade Nine ____________a maths exam at this time yesterday.
A. take B. are taking C. were taking D. have taken
【答案】C
【解析】句意：昨天这个时候九年级的学生正在参加数学考试。考查动词时态辨析。at this time yesterday昨天这个时候，用于过去进行时“was/were + doing”结构；根据句意结构和语境，可知选C。
4.--Hurry up!
--One moment. I ______ my e-mail and then I’m ready to go.
A. read B. are reading C. was reading D. have read
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——快点！——马上，我在读电子邮件，我准备走了。根据read一般现在时态的结构，are reading现在进行时态的结构，was reading过去进行时态的结构， have read现在完成时态的结构；根据One moment.和 then I’m ready to go.可知是我正在读，现在进行时态；故选B。
5.--I’ve never seen Mr. Taylor before.
--Don’t worry. I ______ him to you before the meeting.
A. will introduce B. introduced C. have introduced D. had introduced
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——以前我从来没见过Taylor先生。——不要担心，开会前我会把他介绍给你的。根据will introduce一般将来时态的结构，introduced一般过去时态的结构，have introduced现在完成时态的结构，had introduced过去完成时态的结构；根据Don’t worry.和 before the meeting.可知是将来时态；故选A。
6.--I called you last night, but nobody answered. Where were you then
--Oh, I ____________ my pet dog in my yard.
A. walked B. was walking C. am walking D. will walk
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——我昨晚给你打电话了，但是没有人接。那时你在哪里 ——哦，我在院子里遛我的宠物狗。考查动词时态辨析。根据句意语境可知，昨晚你打电话时我正在遛狗，需用过去进行时“was/were doing”结构，故选B。
7.--Daddy, when will we go out to fly a kite
--As soon as the rain______.
A. is stopping B. stopped C. will stop D. stops
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——Daddy，我们什么时候出去放风筝？——雨一停。A. is stopping正在停，现在进行时；B. stopped停止，一般过去式；C. will stop将停，一般将来时。D. stops停止，第三人称单数。这里是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，遵循主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态，主语是the rain，第三人称单数，谓语动词变第三人称单数。这里的意思是说雨一停，我们就去。根据题意，故选D。
8.--Linda, Dad has finished his work and we ___________ to the gym to pick you up.
--Thank you, Mum.
A. drive B. drove C. have driven D. are driving
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——Linda，爸爸下班了，我们就要开车去健身房接你。——谢谢你们，妈妈。考查现在进行时。A. drive驾驶、开车，动词原形；B. drove过去式；C. have driven现在完成时；D. are driving现在进行时。根据Linda, Dad has finished his work and we _____ to the gym to pick you up. 可知，前半句用的是现在完成时，表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响，即爸爸的工作已完成，那么现在的话就是要开车去接你，所以这里应该是“就要开车去接你”；drive可以用现在进行时形式表示将来。故答案选D。
9.Listen! The birds ______ in the trees outside our school.
A. sing B. are singing C. sang D. were singing
【答案】B
【解析】句意：听！鸟儿正在我们学校外面的树上唱歌。A. sing一般现在时；B. are singing现在进行时；C. sang一般过去时；D. were singing过去进行时。Listen是现在进行时态的标志词，故答案为B。
10.--What is your mother doing, Linda
--She ___________dinner in the kitchen now.
A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cook D. cooking
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——Linda，你的母亲正在做什么？——她现在正在厨房里做晚饭。A. is cooking 正在做，现在进行时；B. was cooking正在做，过去进行时；C. cook做，一般现在时态；D. cooking做，现在分词。根据上文What is your mother doing, Linda 可知下文用现在进行时。其结构是be doing的形式。主语是单数，be动词用is。根据题意，故选A。
11.--Where are the teachers now
--In the meeting room. They _________ the meeting for 0 minutes.
A. have begun B. have been on C. have had D. have been held
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——老师们现在在哪里？——在会议室。他们已经开会10分钟了。A. have begun已经开始；短暂性动词；B. have been on已经开始，持续性；C. have had已经有；D. have been held已经被举行。这里是主动语态，排除D；根据for 10 minutes.可知动词用持续性动词，begin变成be on。这里是完成时其结构是have been on。根据题意，故选B。
12.--Where is Catherine I haven't seen her for days.
--She ______ Wuhan. She’ll be back next week.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
【答案】A
【解析】句意：— —凯瑟琳在哪里？我好几天没见到她了。 — —她去了武汉。她下星期回来。have/has gone to表示“（某人）现在到某地去了”（现在不在这儿了）。have/has been to表示“（某人）曾经去过某地”，（人现在已经回来了）。根据She’ll be back next week. 她下星期回来。说明凯瑟琳去了武汉，现在还没有回来。因此选择have/has gone to，排除B/D；又因为主语是She，为单数，所以助动词用has，故选A。
13.She’s brought you some eggs. As you know, she ______chickens.
A. keeps B. will keep C. has kept D. kept
【答案】A
【解析】句意：她给你带了些鸡蛋。你知道，她养鸡。考查句子时态。A. keeps一般现在时； B. will keep一般将来时；C. has kept现在完成时； D. kept一般过去时。表达事实或真理，要使用一般现在时，结合句意可知填keeps；选A。
14.I ate some fruit, which I ______ since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden.
A. have enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoy D. had enjoyed
【答案】A
【解析】句意“我吃了一些我从小就喜欢的水果，还有我的院子里的蔬菜”。A.现在完成时；B.一般过去时；C.一般现在时；D.过去完成时。根据since I was a child可知，用现在完成时，故选A。
【点睛】常见的现在完成时的标志词：in the past few years; for; since; since then; lately; so far；since+过去时间点；for+一段时间等。
15.He_____ his English teacher when he was sightseeing in Paris.
A. has met B. had met C. met D. would meet
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他在巴黎观光时遇到了他的英语老师。考查句子时态。A. has met现在完成时；B. had met过去完成时；C. met一般过去时；D. would meet过去将来时。When引导的时间状语从句，从句可以表示一段时间或时间点，从句时态可以是一般过去时或过去进行时；主句时态要使用一般过去时或过去进行时。结合句意和选项可知填met；选C。
16.—Try this soup—you ______like it,
—Wow! This is delicious!
A. must B. will C. shall D. can
【答案】B
【解析】句意“-尝一下这个汤，你会喜欢上它。-哇！真美味”。A.一定，必须；B.将要，会；C.应该；D.能。根据句意可知，第一个人让第二个人尝一下，第二个人尝完就会喜欢上这个汤，故选B。
17.-Where is Mr. Green
-He _________the bookshop. You have to wait for him.
A. was going to B. has gone to C. has been to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——Mr. Green在哪里？——他去了书店。你必须等他。A. was going to 打算去……，过去将来时；B. has gone to去了，可能在途中，可能已经到了；C. has been to去过某地。根据下文You have to wait for him.可知上文是去了书店。根据题意，故选B。
18.-Have you ever been to Shanghai
-Of course. Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou.
A. worked B. was working C. would work D. have worked
【答案】A
【解析】句意：— —你去过上海吗？ — —当然。实际上，我在那里工作了六年，但现在我住在台州。A为一般过去时；B为过去进行时；C为过去将来时；D为现在完成时。根据Actually, I _________there for six years but now I live in Taizhou. 实际上，我在那里工作了六年，但现在我住在台州。可知，我是六年前在上海工作的，因此应该用一般过去时，故选A。
19.--Mary, I remember you _______ several years ago.
--Yes, I ________ for 3 years.
A. married, have married B. married, married
C. married, have been married D. have married, have been married
【答案】C
【解析】句意：-Mary，我记得你几年前结婚了。-是的，我结婚三年了。married结婚，过去式；have married现在完成时；have been married系表结构，表示已婚的状态，可以和一段时间搭配使用。根据句意可知，第一句话中有several years ago，表示过去的事情，故应用一般过去时，先排除D选项。第二句话中有一段时间for 3 years，应和现在完成时搭配，且这里表示已婚的状态，应用系表结构，故应选C。
20.--Son, you have never been abroad, I’m worried about you.
--Don’t worry, mom. As soon as I ______ , I _______ you.
A. will arrive, call B. will arrive, will call
C. arrive, will call D. arrive, call
【答案】C
【解析】句意：-儿子，你从来没有出过国，我很担心你。-妈妈，不要担心，我一到达，就会给你打电话。will arrive一般将来时；arrive到达，动词原形；call打电话，动词原形；will call一般将来时。句中as soon as引导的是时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故应选C。
【趁热打铁】
单选选择。
( ) 1.Xiao Li usually ______ to school by bike last year.
goes B.went C.will go D.is going
( )2.Mr. Smith _____to see you in hour.
A.came B.has come C.will come D.comes
( )3. We_______ TV at home this time last night.
A.were watching B.watched C.have watched D.would watch
( )4.She ____ in Shang hai for ten years.
has lived B.had lived C.lived D. will live
( )5.We all know that the earth _____ round the sun.
goes B.went C.is going D.will go
( ) 6.--Where are the boys
--They________soccer on the playground.
A. play B. are playing C. were playiting D. played
( )7. Look! Lucy ______ under the tree.
A. reads B is reading C. was reading D. read
( )8.He ________ more than 200 model cars in the last five years.
A. has collected B. had collected C. collected D. will collect
( )9.Jim _______ a letter to his parents at 7: 30 last night.
A. had written B.wrote C. would write D. was writing
( )10. The Smiths__________ in Beijing since two weeks ago.
A. stayed B. were staying C. would stay D. have stayed
( )11.--When______ you _____the bike
--Last Monday.
A. have; bought B. did; buy C. will; buy D. do: buy
( )12. Look! The boy_________ English now.
A. likes B. liked C. is liking D. was liking
( )13. Most students in our class _________ TV twice a week.
A. watch B. watched C. will watch D. are watching
( )14. How soon _______ back from work.
A. do: come B. did; come C. have: come D. will: come
( )15.--Where_____ you ______ Mr.Li.
-- In his office, half an hour ago.
A.will see B. did: see C. Have,seen D. do: see
( )16. I_______ a new dictionary. Look! It's very useful.
A. bought B. will buy C. have bought D. would buy
( )17. I won’t watch the movie tonight. I_____it before.
A.will see B.have seen C. saw D. had seen
( )18. I’m going to be a doctor when I ______ up.
A.grow B.will grow C.grew D. am growing
( )19. The film_____ on for five minutes when I got too the cinema.
A.has been B.had been C.was D.is
( )20.She ____ dinner when her son came in.
A.has cooked B.had cooked C.was cooking D.would cook
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. He often _________ (have) dinner at home.
2.--What is our granddaughter doing
--She___________ (listen) to music.
3. Mike didn’t __________ (finish) his homework yesterday.
4. Joan sometimes__________ (go) swimming on weekends.
5 We____________ (have)a picnic tomorrow afternoon.
6. Nick usually __________ (visit) his grandfather on Sunday.
7.They_______________ (not water) the flowers now.
8.--_______ they ________ (like) the World Cup
--Yes, they do.
9. Su Hai ___________(go) for a walk last Sunday.
10.Look! The girls________________(dance )in the classroom.
11.--________ Helen _____________ (wash )clothes
--Yes, she is.
12. It's Friday today. What________ she ________ (do) this weekend
13. Listen! Some girls _______________ (sing)in the classroom.
14. There_________ (are) five books on the desk an hour ago.
15. --Where________(be)Miss Zhang
--I don't know. But I _________ (see)her just now.
16. My brother____________ (go)to Shanghai next week.
17.1___________(am)ten years old last year. On that day, I________(blow) the candles out.
18. He _______ (sit) down and began to read his newspaper.
19. He is very hungry. He_____________ (not eat) any thing for three days.
20.I__________ (go) with you if I have time.
21. We will go to the cinema if it___________ (be) fine.
22. I will tell her the news when she___________ (come) to see me next week.
23.--When________ you _______ the car (buy)
--In1998.”
24.We____________ (be) good friends since we met at school.
25. What_______ you_______ at five yesterday afternoon (do)
三、句型转换，按要求做题。
1. I like the red sofa. (变否定句)
_______________________________
2. She has a nice cap.(变一般疑问句,并做否定回答)
_______________________________
________________
3. I am a bus driver. (变一般疑问句并做肯定回答)
_______________________________
________________
4. They are playing football in the garden now.(变成否定句)
_______________________________
5.I was at home this moring.(变一般疑问句,并做否定回答)
_______________________________
________________
He did morning exercises in the morning. (变否定句)
_______________________________
They were studying English at five yesterday.(变一般疑问句,并做肯定回答)
_______________________________
________________
She has had this book for five days. (变否定句)
_______________________________
She is going to go to Beijing to visit his parents.(变一般疑问句,并做肯定回答)
_______________________________
________________
10.She has watched this movie three times. (变否定句)
_______________________________