人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练 （含解析）

高中英语 高一下 必修二（人教2019版）
第一单元 巩固基础练习 语法填空 专项训练
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In human history, many ancient and splendid civilizations were born and died. China is the only country ___1___ uninterrupted human civilization. Chinese civilization was born on the shores of the Yellow River. And the rich land ___2___ Chinese civilization began is Henan Province.
The Yellow River goes across ___3___ (center) Henan. It is China's main north to south and east to west artery(干线)．China's most ancient tribal ___4___ (lead), the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor, were born here. Even today, Chinese people all over the world still ___5___ (proud) call themselves the descendants(后裔) of these two emperors.
The river holds ___6___ unshakable position in the heart of every Chinese, ___7___ (respect) by every generation and called “the Mother River”. With intelligence, hard work and determination, Chinese descendants pursue co existence and common prosperity on this land. The 5,464 km long Yellow River breaks the last barrier and flows into the broad plain, ___8___ (form) the cradle(摇篮) of Chinese civilization.
Till now, the Yellow River ___9___ (raise) 13 dynasties' capital Luoyang, 8 dynasties' capital Kaifeng and the biggest economic center in ___10___ (it) area—Zhengzhou.
语法填空
Luoyang is one of the cities in China ___11___ artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed like never before. Daoism began there and the first Buddhist temple ___12___ （build）in the city. This special spot is not only the hometown of China’s most famous ___13___ （invent）including papermaking, printing and the compass, but also home to the nation's most brilliant poets and painters.
Today, Luoyang still attracts many tourists every year. Located in the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River in Central China's Henan Province and ___14___ （surround）by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies ___15___ important strategic（战略的）location.
As one of China's ancient capitals, Luoyang was a seat of power for 13 dynasties and is a city with a splendid historical and ___16___ （culture）background. Its long history endows（赋予）it with rich culture, which is ___17___ （easy）seen in grand palaces, temples and caves. The city is also well known ___18___ the“City of Peony”. In spring, many tourists travel to Luoyang ___19___ （appreciate） the beautiful peony. Luoyang is now an energetic and charming tourist place that _____20_____ （welcome）guests from all over the world to explore its glorious past.
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Just like ____21____(speak) language, body language varies from culture to culture. For example, making eye contact is a way to display interest in some countries. By contrast, eye contact is not always approved ____22____ in other countries. Even the gesture for “OK” differs around the world. In Japan, people might think it means money. In France, a person may interpret it as ____23____(mean) zero. And in many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By ____24____(compare), the gestures have the opposite meaning in Bulgaria and southern Albania. There are also differences in how we act when we meet. In France and Russia, people may kiss their friends ____25____ the cheek when they meet.
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The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely ____26____(follow) by Julia Smith from British. After I met them and then ____27____(introduce) them to each other, I was very ____28____(surprise). Tony approached Julia, ____29____(touch) her shoulder and kissed her on ____30____ check! She stepped back ____31____(appear) surprised and put up her hands, as if in defense. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in ____32____(smile), together with George Cook from Canada. As they ____33____(introduce), George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George’s ____34____(move) hand. They both ____35____(apologize) — another cultural mistake!
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Mount Wuyi is lying at the junction （交叉点）of Fujian and Jiangxi Provinces. It is among___36___ first group of China's top tourist cities. In December 1999 , Mount Wuyi ___37___（list）as the World's natural and cultural heritage by the UNESCO.
With rich tourism ___38___ (resource) , Mount Wuyi is a famous tea center in China. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty (1100—771 BC), it was well-known ___39___ a place of interest. It has a species-rich ecosystem, with 2,527 kinds of plant species ___40___ about 5,000 species of wild animals. Mount Wuyi belongs to typical Danxia landform. Except for the ____41____ (amaze) Danxia landform here, the Daoism culture and tea culture also attract tourists at home and abroad, ___42___ (especial) those coming from Singapore and Malaysia.
Mount Wuyi Scenic Area ___43___ (be)quite large. Attractions in the mountain are dotted(点缀) and distance between each other is quite long. It is not recommended ___44___ (visit) all the sites in the mountain, but to some main attractions. With the ticket, you can reach all the attractions ___45___(include) Heavenly Tour Peak, Wuyi Palace, Dahongpao Tea Trees, Water Curtain Cave, etc.
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Reading a book can open the door to a wonderful new world of magic and discovery, which is why people all around the world love to read. Every year many famous prizes ____46____ (award) to the creative individuals. One such prize goes to the best new work of children’s fiction.
____47____(know) as the Newbery Medal, the award got started back in 1921, ____48____ Frederic Melcher suggested the American Library Association set up ____49____ annual award for the best new children’s book. Everyone agreed, and they ____50____ (eventual) decided to name the award after John Newbery, an 18th-century English publisher, which had made great efforts to promote children’s literature. The winning book is selected by a committee that ranges ____51____ year to year, and the process of ____52____(choose) a winner takes an entire year. Sometimes, the committee will designate (指定) honor books, which are books that might not have won the award, but are still considered to be very ____53____(impress) .
So next time you are at the bookstore, take a look at the children’s section. You are likely ____54____(select) one you are fond of. Reading a book makes you filled with _____55_____ (curious) and creativity.
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Every year on 28 September, large numbers of people gather in Qufu, Shandong Province, to celebrate the birth of Confucius. In fact, similar ___56___ (event) take place all around the country and even the world.
Confucius is thought ___57___ (live) between 551 and 479 BCE. He was the founder of Confucianism, a school of moral doctrine focused on harmony, ___58___ (just) and peace. Confucius was also an educator who dedicated himself ___59___ learning and self-cultivation, and he was determined to share his wisdom with the wider world. After his death, his sayings ___60___ (record) by his students and collected into a book ___61___ (call) The Analects of Confucius, which summarized the philosopher’s thoughts on morality, politics and society. At the core of his thinking ___62___(be) the three concepts of Ren, Yi, and Li, which are related to not only our personal qualities but also our relationship with others.
Even though society has changed, ___63___ philosophy of Confucius has endured and continues to inspire people. The way Chinese people view family relationships is ___64___ (heavy) influenced by Confucius, and so is China’s political culture. Over time, Confucian thought spread beyond China’s borders, and its influence is still visible not just in East Asian countries like Japan and Korea, ___65___it had a huge impact on family values and moral concepts, but in other parts of the world.
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In the past few years, demand ___66___ fake meat products has surged (蜂拥而来) in the Western world, as people look for other healthier choices to replace red meat.
But long before they appeared in the West, China had been making ___67___ (tradition) meat-based dishes out of nuts and vegetables. Some records of monks (僧侣) ___68___ (eat) tofu-based "vegetarian meat" date back to as early as the Song Dynasty in ___69___ 10th century. It was known as "fang hun cai" or literally" imitation meat dish."
China's early ___70___ (adopt) of fake meat products is closely linked to its long history of Buddhism(佛教). Buddhism ___71___ (introduce) to China as early as the Han Dynasty, around 2,000 years ago. Today, it's practiced by around 20% of China's population — some 250 million people. A central rule of Buddhism is respect for all living ___72___ (creature) , and vegetarianism is common among its followers.
___73___ China's monasteries (寺院) provided a strict vegetarian diet, they would often have to consider the dietary choices of people ___74___ came for a visit. The visitors would expect ____75____ (have) meat-based meals and this was where the tradition came. They would get all the dishes they expected at a banquet (宴请), but made from vegetarian ingredients.
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Body language is used by people for sending messages to one another, ____76____ can help you make yourself easily ____77____ (understand). When you are talking with others, you are not just using words, but also using ____78____ (gesture). For example, waving one’s hand ____79____ (be) to say “Goodbye”. Nodding the head means agreement, but shaking the head means disagreement.
Different countries use body language ____80____ (different). For example, men in Russia, France and Arab countries kiss each other when they meet, but men in China or Australia shake hands instead ____81____ kissing. If you touch an English person, you should say “Sorry”. People in Arab countries like standing close to one another when they are talking, but English people must keep ____82____ distance away when they are talking. In some Asian countries, you must not touch the head of another person.
When you use a foreign language, it is very important ____83____ (know) the meanings of body language in the foreign country. ____84____ (follow) the customs will help you communicate with people and make your stay there much more pleasant and _____85_____ (comfort).
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Twelve animal head statues of the Chinese zodiac (生肖) are well-known treasures from Yuanmingyuan, or the Old Summer Palace. After Anglo-French troops broke ___86___ the Old Summer Palace in 1860, numerous national treasures, including the 12 animal head statues, ___87___ (take) away.
On Nov 13, a red bronze horse-head statue, ___88___ was donated by Macao-based collector Stanley Ho, returned to Beijing. “The ___89___ (break) link of historical memory is thus re-connected,” Liu Yuzhu, director of the NCHA, told China Daily. "The return of these relics holds the Public's collective emotion. People's cultural ___90___(confident) can be strengthened. It will also encourage more compatriots' (爱国者) devotion, both at home and abroad,___91___(preserve) the cultural heritage of our country better.”
In ___92___ Past 70 years, the Chinese government and many compatriots ___93___ (spare) no effort to reclaim (拿回) lost Chinese relics and artifacts from overseas. Due to their efforts, the horse statue is the ___94___(seven) of the 12 animal statues to be returned from overseas, Now ,the search is on for ______95______(remain) five: a dog, a rooster, a dragon, a sheep and a snake.
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
“Party Cries” In Ireland
Mark Twain
Belfast is a peculiarly religious community. This may be said of the whole of the North of Ireland. About one-half of the people are convinced Protestants (清教徒) and the other half Catholics (天主教徒). Each party does all it can ____96____(make) its own doctrines (信条) popular and draw the affections of the irreligious toward them.____97____hears constantly of the most touching instances of this passion. A week ago a vast crowd of Catholics assembled at Armagh to dedicate a new church; and when they started home again the roadways ____98____ (line) with groups of meek and lowly Protestants who stoned them ____99____all the region round about was marked with blood. I thought that only Catholics argued in that way,____100____it seems to be a mistake.
Every man in the community acts like a minister and carries a brick to argue against ____101____holds different ideas. The law has tried to break this up, but not with perfect success. The law says that persons uttering (说) irritating “party cries”____102____be fined forty shillings (先令) and costs. And so, in the police court reports every day, one sees these fines ____103____ (record). Last week a girl of twelve years old was fined the usual forty shillings and costs ____104____claiming in the public streets that she was “a Protestant.” The usual cry is, “To hell with the Pope!” or “To hell with the Protestants!” according to the utterer's system of salvation.
One of Belfast's local jokes was very good. It referred to the uniform and inevitable fine of forty shillings and costs for uttering a party cry--and it is no economical fine for a poor man, either, by the way. They say that a policeman found a drunken man lying on the ground, up a dark alley,_____105_____ (amuse) himself with shouting, “To hell with! To hell with!” The officer smelt a fine--informers get half.
“What’s that you say ”
“To hell with!”
“To hell with who To hell with what ”
“Ah, ye can finish it yourself--it's too expensive for me!”
I think the seditious disposition (倾向), restrained by the economical instinct, is finely put in that.
语法填空
As the largest rainforest, the Amazon rainforest plays a significant role ___106___ maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. The Amazon River, from ___107___ the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6, 400 kilometres in ___108___ (long) — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. The forest’s different ___109___ (level) provide food and shelter for an unbelievable ___110___ (vary) of wildlife. More ___111___ 1, 300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the Amazon rainforest’s plant life. The Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species ___112___ can be used for food or medicine. Over the past 50 years, about 17 percent of the rainforest ___113___ (disappear) due to human activities. As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of ___114___ (extinct) becomes longer, we are ___115___ (leave) with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”
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Our grandparents seems to have magic powers sometimes. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar___116___they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later.
What's the secret They are following the 24 Solar Terms (节气), ___117___were added on Nov. 30 to the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物资文化遗产) by the United Nations (UN). It is a knowledge system and social practice___118___(form) through people's observations of the sun's annual movements and its influence on the climate.
The 24 Solar Terms___119___(come) into being during the Qin and Han___120___ (dynasty). At that time, most Chinese people made their living on farms, so weather changes were___121___(extreme) important for them. But of course, they had no satellite, internet or weather broadcast___122___(help) them.___123___these difficulties, they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun's movement and also___124___(pay) attention to other natural changes such as air temperature, water and crop growth.
It is honored as China's____125____(five) great invention, after papermaking, printing, the compass and gunpowder. Now, it is still widely used in daily life even in the age of technology-based modern farming.
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Welcome back to the hot topic of studying abroad! Last time, we talked about the general “software” ___126___ (need) to have a successful studying experience overseas, ___127___ refers to the ability to understand western culture, and problem solving skills when ___128___ (face) critical situations, etc.
Now, I ___129___ (dig) deeper into the concept of “software”. Everyone is talking about culture shock nowadays, but you may wonder ___130___ it actually means. Simply put: culture shock is the difficulty people may experience when being exposed and adjusting to a ___131___ (remarkable) different new culture. Usually, people often go ___132___ four distinct phases: the honeymoon phase, the negotiation phase, the adjustment phase and the mastery phase. Culture shock can happen immediately upon your ___133___ (arrive) in the country.
For international students, perhaps the most direct impact of culture shock is the variety of accents, especially in multicultural countries like the US. Canada or Australia. There are two main reasons: Firstly, these countries have highly diversified groups of ___134___ (resident) from different cultural backgrounds. Secondly, there are many international students from all around the world every year studying in these countries, so you shouldn’t be surprised to find all kinds of ___135___ (familiar) accents around the university campus.
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Moon Day is celebrated on July 20 every year. Moon Day marks the first human landing on the moon ___136___ happened on July 20, 1969. Ever since 1969, Moon Day ____137____(celebrate) in the United States to mark one of the ___138___ (great) achievements in human history.
Moon Day is ____139____ (large) celebrated by NASA and space officials. All kinds of events are organized across ____140____ country to mark this important event. Everyone can celebrate Moon Day ___141___ his or her own way. One great way is to make sure you look at the moon that day. You can also bake cookies and cut ____142____ (they) into the shape of the moon. Besides, you can consider ___143___ (learn) some facts about the moon. Going to the moon on Google Moon is a great idea to get familiar with our natural moon.
It is really important ____144____ (educate) your kids about the history of Moon Day. In this way, children can learn about what happened on July 20, 1969 and understand the ____145____ (important) of this event.
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In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A．, guests tend to feel that they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is sent only three or four days ____146____the party date, but it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may ____147____(consider) foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans that ____148____(make) for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. ____149____, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures where time is treated differently. Promptness (准时) ____150____(value) highly in American life. For example,____151____people are not punctual, they may be regarded as impolite ____152____not fully responsible. In the U.S.A．, no one would think of keeping a business partner ____153____(wait) for an hour, since it would be too impolite. A person ____154____is five minutes late will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
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One night, ____155____ winter, a bear came into the city in Vancouver Canada. It walked through the city streets past houses, shops and offices. Then it ____156____ (find) some food in bins outside a restaurant and started eating. In the morning, someone saw the bear and called the police. The police came with a vet (兽医) from the city zoo. They put the bear in a lorry and took it to the mountains outside the city. ____157____ (lucky), the bear was safe. But ____158____ happens in other countries when big animals come into cities In Vancouver it is unusual ____159____ (see) a bear, but in some cities you can see big animals on the city streets every day.
Big animals usually come into cities to find food. In Cape Town in South Africa baboons (狒狒) come into the city when they are ____160____ (hunger). Human food is very bad for the baboons ____161____ (tooth) because it has a lot of sugar. Now, there are Baboon Monitors working in Cape Town. ____162____ (they) job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.
In Berlin in Germany, pigs sometimes come into the city for food. They eat flowers and plants in parks and gardens. Sometimes they eat vegetables from gardens ____163____ they walk in the street, causing accidents. Some people like the pigs and they give them food and water to drink. Other people do not like the pigs and they want the government and the police to stop them ____164____ (enter) the city.
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If you’ve been a traveler before, you’re likely to be shocked that customs differ ____165____ one culture to another. It’s important to educate ____166____ (you) on the rules of politeness in advance.
In Pakistan, if you go out for a meal eat with your right hand, the left hand is considered ____167____(clean). Don’t show anyone the bottom of your shoes, and try not to touch others with either of your ____168____(foot).
In Russia, don’t smile at strangers. That is a rude behavior, ____169____ can make you seem impolite. When ____170____ (pay) for goods, place your money on the counter (柜台) instead of handing it directly to the salesman.
In China, be generous with saying “thank you”, if someone ____171____ (do) anything good for you, such as pouring you tea, giving you a hand, and so on. And if you receive ____172____ gift, take it with both hands.
In Korea, remember not ____173____ (touch) a person while talking to him, and keep a proper distance: personal space is very important. Try to avoid talking too much during meals, and _____174_____ (active) offer to pay even if you know that someone is treating you.
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For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace.
About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among __175__ was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is __176__ (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said.
To guarantee the __177__ (safe) of the palace, festival organizers __178__ (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb __179__ (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display.
Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang __180__ (bring) many changes to the world’s __181__ (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional __182__ (treasure) come alive again. “ __183__ matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are __184__ people’s daily lives,” he said.
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A program called Everlasting Classics is becoming ____185____ (increase) popular. The program, ____186____combines Chinese traditional poetry with music, was launched by China Central Television (CCTV) in 2018.
And it became a great hit soon after the program ____187____ (show) on CCTV 1 in 2018. It was hosted by Sa Beining, ____188____ CCTV host loved by the audience, and the Appreciation Group in the group included Professor Kang Zhen from Beijing Normal University, Dean of the China Conservatory of Music, Wang Liguang, the famous hostess Zeng Baoyi and the well-known singer Yu Chengqing. Together, they led the audience to interpret and appreciate many classic Chinese poems, enjoying the ____189____ (beautiful) that the poems brought to the audience. Moreover, the poems were adapted into songs, which were sung by famous singers, like Zhang Jie, Wang Yuan, etc, ____190____ (make) the program more spellbinding.
In Season 1 of the program, one of the ____191____ (attractive) songs was Butterfly Lovers (《梁祝》). An 88-year-old pianist called Wu Yili played the music with the famous violinist Lv Siqing. The melodious music moved many of the audience ____192____ tears. In recent years, CCTV has produced many programs ____193____ (spread) traditional Chinese culture, including Chinese Poetry Competition ____194____ Everlasting Classics. Thanks to these programs, many people set off a craze for the study of Chinese culture.
语法填空
Local _195_ (official) in Beijing promised to further protect the city’s cultural heritage (遗产), in particular the narrow streets known as hutongs.
Hutongs are _196_ (common) found in the cities of North China, but they are in danger. Beijing is nowadays believed to have fewer than 1,000 hutongs, most of _197_ are near the Forbidden City. Only _60_ years ago, the number of the hutong _198_ (be) 3,250.
“Usually more than 100,000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays. The visits put pressure on the _199_ (protect) of cultural relics,” said Huang Yan, director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning, _200_ (add) that hutongs should be protected from human damage.
The government concentrated _201_ how the protection plans were carried out. Wang Shaofeng, head of the Xicheng District Government, said the area has 182 cultural relics, _202_ many of them were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty. The district of Xicheng has 1.28 million residents in its 50.7 square kilometers of land. “The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage,” Wang said. “Each community has been required _203_ (report) the status of its cultural heritage.”
No one knows for sure how many hutongs __204__ (leave) in the coming 100 years.
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Bridges made out of living roots (根) of trees have been put forward for UNESCO’s World Heritage List.
The root bridges are in the Meghalaya region of northeast India. The region gets a lot of rainfall and is one of the wettest ___205___ (area) on Earth. That creates ___206___ number of lakes, rivers and waterfalls, ___207___ (make) it difficult to build roads. However, for hundreds of years the local Khasi people have been trying ___208___ (they) best to grow root bridges across rivers and streams to make it much ___209___ (easy) for them to move around the area.
The bridges ___210___ (build) by stretching (延伸) the roots of living trees over the river and winding them around bamboo structures to guide them in the right ___211___ (direct). The roots can take up to 20 years ___212___ (grow) into a complete bridge.
The India government has suggested Meghalaya’s root bridges should be added ___213___ the UNESCO World Heritage List. ____214____ means they will be recognized officially. They will attract more tourists and money to the area, just like Egypt’s pyramids (金字塔) or the Great Barrier Reef in Australia.
Morningstar Khongthaw from Meghalaya said, “We want to spread this knowledge so that future generations will benefit.”
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It’s common to see a barista (咖啡师) create coffee art, ____215____ is a whole different ballgame doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming ____216____ (perfect) the skill until now，creating tea art in cups, or dian cha (点茶) in Chinese, which used to be a ritual during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident has used tea and spoons ____217____ (create) nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings. “It’s like ____218____ (add) bells and whistles to tea and giving people ____219____ stronger sense of occasion, so drinking tea is more fun,” Han says. It’s also his ____220____ (intend) to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people appreciate its charm. Han says, “It is similar ____221____ the foam on top of a cup of coffee, except that it is made of tea rather than milk.” “It’s fermented longer on the surface level and is ____222____ (relative) sweet, and the bubbles are white and fine,” he says.
Usually, the whole process has to be completed within 10 minutes. ____223____ is the ideal state is when the tea temperature is around 40℃, ready for the palate (味觉). It was through trial and error that Han got going. Usually, ____224____ takes a year of practice for one to fully grasp tea-whisking.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What comes to mind when you think of kungfu If your mind ___225___ (occupy) by images of Shaolin monks, Bruce Lee, or Kung Fu Panda, you are right. But for Laurence J. Brahm, an American documentary filmmaker, the first thing ___226___ springs to mind is the concept (概念) of non-violence.
“Kungfu, in my eyes, is a mirror of Chinese culture.” Brahms aid. “Actually, the traditional ___227___ (value) of kungfu are in the minds of all Chinese people. China adopts a policy of not wanting ___228___ (have) conflict with other countries. Why does China want to be in harmony ___229___ other nations It’s part of the psychology (心理) of the Chinese people. It’s also ___230___ (nation) psychology.”
Brahma so believes that today’s world ___231___ (bad) need store start equal exchanges between countries without stereotypes (成见), and that culture and sports, such as kung fu, can serve as ___232___ great channel and platform.
“In the same way, as a cultural and sports exchange, ping-pong ___233___ (open) relations for China with the West in the 1970s, and kung fu can become the new cultural exchange of our time, ____234____ (bring) people together by sharing skills and culture, and furthering respect and understanding.”
语法填空
In 1940, four teenage boys and their dog were walking through the woodland close to Lascaux when their dog suddenly disappeared. The boys searched all around. They came to a cave and looked into the cave __235__ could see nothing.
A few days later, the boys returned to the cave. They could hardly believe __236__ (they) eyes. In the weak lamplight, the boys saw red horses and cows, and black bulls and deer covering the walls of the cave, which looked so __237__ (frighten) that the boys escaped in fear. Little did the boys know that they had made one of the most important __238__ (discover) of that century.
The famous Lascaux Cave is made up of a large hole and __239__ series of connecting caves, with a natural water system. The paintings there are an especially important find because they are so numerous and so well protected. After a few years, the caves were opened __240__ a tourist attraction, and 1,200 people per day came to the site __241__ (admire) the paintings. __242__ (fortunate) , a large number of visitors resulted in changes in the caves’ atmosphere, and green algae (藻类植物) began to grow around the walls. Since then, the caves __243__ (close) to the public in an effort to protect the fragile paintings in this precious underground site.
Today, the caves have computer-controlled air-conditioning and are inspected daily. Scientists hope that these precautions (预防措施) can prevent any ___244___ (far) damage to the paintings.
语篇填空
Do you know the man __245__wrote this book？He was Jason，one of the engineers __246__came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory __247__my father once worked. When he came to China，the first thing __248__ he did was to visit the factory __249__did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason __250__China was so backward in it. Then he spent every minute __251__he could spare to help China develop transportation.__252__is mentioned above，Jason was a foreigner __253__made great contributions to our country and was a kind man to ___254___we should say thanks.
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A recent film has earned huge attention on social media platforms, many citizens___255___(praise) the short video as the “best commercial video of 2019 ”. The film focuses on____256____question “Who is Peppa ” and tells a touching story___257___highlights Chinese families. In the beginning, a senior man___258___(name) Li Yubao in a remote mountainous area asked his grandson on the phone___259___gifts he wanted for the Spring Festival, but only heard the word “Peppa” due to the poor mobile signal. Therefore, the man begins an interesting journey to discover who Peppa is.___260___ the help of neighbors, the senior man made a Peppa model with irons and steels, and___261___(surprise) his grandson. The short video ___262___(encourage) people working outside to come back home often and accompany family members___263___(spend) a happy and warm Spring Festival holiday. After all, family connections are the most ____264____(significance) thing in Chinese people’s hearts.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Liu Ruying, ____265____ grandfather is a huge fan of Peking Opera, has been interested in Peking Opera for much of her young life. Her grandfather is a great influence ____266____ her. At the age of 8, she ____267____(begin) to practice the classic art. It wasn’t easy for a little girl ____268____(experience) the difficult training, as performances combine martial arts, dancing and acrobatics(杂技).
“Sometimes I was tired,“ she said. ”I had to balance my studies and other ____269____(course) I was interested in, such as dance. But the great charm(魅力) of Peking Opera made me always practice it.”
When Liu got the news that her region would have a cultural exchange with other countries, she had the idea of ____270____(introduce) Peking Opera to the world in English. With ____271____ help of her mother, she took part in the activity after several months of practice.
“I ____272____(extreme) love traditional Chinese culture,” she said. “Peking Opera has a long history of about 200 years and ____273____(consider) a treasure of our nation. We should let _____274_____(we) make great efforts to carry forward our culture and protect the cultural diversity of the world.”
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to ___275___ new study by the World Health Organization (WHO), about 25 percent of adults worldwide do not get enough exercise. Because of this, about 1.4 billion people are ___276___ greater risk for ___277___ (dead) diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
When it comes to ___278___ (exercise) more, experts say that people needn’t go to the gym every day. There are other ways to exercise. For example, we can take the stairs instead of taking an elevator. And standing on one leg for 30 seconds each day ___279___ (be) also good for our health.
The study also found that women are less active than men because ___280___ tend to spend more time at home taking care of ___281___ (child) and doing housework.
Countries with higher incomes showed higher rates of inactivity. For example, people in Kuwait and the United States exercise less ___282___people in Uganda and Nepal. This is partly because in ___283___ (develop) areas, desk jobs have taken the place of physical labor and cars ____284____(replace) walking.
I recently visited Beijing with my parents and younger brother. We had a ___285___(wonder) time on the two-day tour we arranged through ___286___travel agency.
___287___the morning of July 11th, the day after we arrived in Beijing, our guide Miss Wu took us to visit the Ming Tombs. We spent about an hour ___288___(look) around the tombs. Then we were taken to a factory that produced traditional cloth shoes. ___289___were really beautiful, and it was fun to see how the products ___290___(make). My mother even bought two pairs of cloth shoes. After leaving the factory, we were taken to a restaurant ___291___we enjoyed some Peking Ducks. Then we headed for the Badaling Great Wall. The walking on the Badaling Great Wall took about two hours. The views from the wall were just ___292___(amaze). This was my favorite part of the tour.
On the morning of the next day, we were taken to see the Bird’s Nest and the Water Cube, the main Olympic stadiums ___293___(build) for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. In the afternoon, we were taken to see the Forbidden City, which was one of the most famous ____294____(attract). It was huge, so we spent the whole afternoon there.
答案解析：
1．with 2．where 3．central 4．leaders 5．proudly 6．an 7．respected 8．forming 9．has raised 10．its
【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了黄河对早期黄河流域人类文明产生的深远影响。
1．考查介词。句意：中国是唯一一个拥有未被打断过的人类文明的国家。此处表示“有”，故用介词with。
2．考查连词。句意：这片孕育了中华文明的肥沃土地就位于河南省。所填词引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故用where。
3．考查词性转换。空处位于专有名词Henan前面，应填形容词作定语，表示“中心的”，故填central。
4．考查词性转换和名词的数。句意：中国最早的部落首领炎黄二帝诞生于此。根据句意可知，此处应用名词复数形式，故填leaders。
5．考查词性转换。用副词修饰动词call，故填proudly。
6．考查冠词。句意：黄河在每一位中国人心中的地位都是不可动摇的。position(位置)为可数名词，此处表示泛指，其前用不定冠词；unshakable以元音音素开头，故用an。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：……黄河受每代人的尊敬，被称为“母亲河”。respect与The river之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填respected。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意： 5 464公里长的黄河冲破了最后的壁垒，流入广袤的平原之中，形成了中华文明的摇篮。form与句子主语Yellow River之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，故填forming。
9．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到如今，黄河孕育了十三朝古都洛阳，八朝古都开封以及其流域内最大的经济中心——郑州。此处应用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响；主语为the Yellow River，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填has raised。
10．考查代词。空处在句中作定语，修饰area，故填its。
11．where 12．was built 13．inventions 14．surrounded 15．an 16．cultural 17．easily 18．as 19．to appreciate 20．welcomes
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国历史文化名城——洛阳。
11．考查关系副词。Luoyang是先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语成分，故填where。
12．考查动词的时态和语态。the first Buddhist temple是主语，与谓语动词build是被动关系，began提示是过去时态，故填was built。
13．考查名词。根据后面列举的发明判断是很多发明，用复数形式，故填inventions。
14．考查非谓语动词。根据and判断此处与Located并列用非谓语动词，“包围”和“大山”是被动关系，用过去分词，故填surrounded。
15．考查冠词。此处表示“洛阳占据一个重要的位置”，故填an。
16．考查形容词。根据historical and判断要用形容词形式，形容词修饰名词，故填cultural。
17．考查副词。副词修饰动词，故填easily。
18．考查固定搭配。be known as“作为……而著名”，故填as。
19．考查非谓语动词。表示目的，用动词不定式，故填to appreciate。
20．考查主谓一致。that指代place作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填welcomes。
【点睛】本题难点解读：
1：从句前有被修饰的先行词，或指代一件事情，且从句中缺少作主语、宾语、表语的引导词时，根据上下文考虑使用关系代词。在从句中作状语，考虑用关系副词。
Luoyang is one of the cities in china 　　1　　 artistic, religious and scientific cultures all once developed like never before.考查关系副词。Luoyang是先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语成分，故填where。
2：句中已有谓语动词，动词与所修饰词有被动关系，说明需用非谓语动词的过去分词形式。
Located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in Central China’s Henan Province and 　　4　　 (surround) by mountains and plains, Luoyang occupies 　　5　　 important strategic (战略的) location.考查非谓语动词。根据and判断此处与Located并列用非谓语动词，包围和大山是被动关系，用过去分词，故填 surrounded。
21．spoken 22．of 23．meaning 24．comparison 25．on
【导语】这是一篇说明文。肢体语言因文化不同而表示不同的含义。本文主要讲述了同一种肢体语言在不用国家所表示的不同的含义。
21．1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：就像口头语言一样，身体语言因文化的不同而不同。解析可知，空处在句中为作定语，修饰名词language，speak与名词language为动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词作定语，spoken language意为“口语”，故填spoken。
22．考查介词。句意：相比之下，眼神交流在其他国家并不总是被认可的。短语：be approved of“……被认可”，所以空处用介词of，故填of。
23．考查非谓语。句意：甚至“OK”的手势在世界各地都不相同。在日本，人们可能会认为它意味着金钱。在法国，一个人可以把它理解为零。interpret ...as...“解释……为……”，as为介词，所以其后跟动名词，故填meaning。
24．考查名词。句意：相比之下，这些手势在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部中有着相反的含义。by comparison“相比之下”，所以空处填名词comparison，故填comparison。
25．考查介词。句意：在法国和俄罗斯，人们见面时会亲吻朋友的脸颊。短语：kiss sb. on the cheek“在某人脸颊上亲吻”，所以空处用介词on，故填on。
26．followed 27．introduced 28．surprised 29．touched 30．the 31．appearing 32．simling 33．were introduced 34．moving 35．apologized
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章用两个例子给我们讲述了因礼仪文化差异而引起的误会。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：第一个到达的人是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，紧随其后的是来自英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。句中已有谓语动词was且无连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，作状语；follow和逻辑主语Tony Garcia之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填followed。
27．考查动词时态。句意：当我见到他们并介绍他们认识后，我很惊讶。解析句子可知，此处和上文met是并列的谓语动词，也应使用一般过去时，且和主语I之间是主动关系。故填introduced。
28．考查形容词。句意：当我见到他们并介绍他们认识后，我很惊讶。空处应填形容词，作表语，修饰人的感情，应用v-ed结尾形容词。故填surprised。
29．考查动词时态。句意：托尼走近茱莉亚，摸了摸她的肩膀，吻了她的脸颊！解析句子可知，此处和上文approached以及下文kissed为并列的谓语动词，也应使用一般过去时，touch和主语Tony之间是主动关系。故填touched。
30．考查冠词。句意：托尼走近茱莉亚，摸了摸她的肩膀，吻了她的脸颊！表达“亲吻某人的脸颊”可用kiss sb’s check或者kiss sb. on the check。故填the。
31．考查非谓语动词。句意：她退后一步，显得很惊讶，举起双手，好像在自卫。解析句子结构，此处应用非谓语动词，作伴随状语，appear和逻辑主语she之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填appearing。
32．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，来自日本的长田昭和来自加拿大的乔治·库克微笑着走了进来。解析句子结构，此处应用非谓语动词作伴随状语，smile和逻辑主语 Akira Nagata之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填smiling。
33．考查动词语态。句意：当他们被介绍时，乔治向那个日本学生伸出了手。空处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据语境和reached可知，应用一般过去时，主语they和introduce是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是they，be动词应用were。故填were introduced。
34．考查形容词。句意：然而，就在那一刻，长田昭鞠了一躬，他的鼻子碰到了乔治移动的手。修饰后文名词hand，应用形容词；结合句意，moving“移动的”符合题意。故填moving。
35．考查动词时态。句意：他们都道了歉——又一个文化错误！全文陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填apologized。
36．the 37．was listed 38．resources 39．as 40．and 41．amazing 42．especially 43．is 44．to visit 45．including
【解析】本文为说明文。本文介绍了武夷山生态资源丰富，以其丹霞地貌，道教文化和茶文化等等吸引着国内外游客，自古以来就是著名的旅游胜地。
36．考查冠词。在序数词之前需加定冠词，表特指，故填the。
37．考查被动语态。解析句子结构可知，主语为Mount Wuyi，与所给动词list之间为被动关系，又根据时间状语In December 1999可知，用一般过去时态，故填was listed。
38．考查名词复数。句意：武夷山旅游资源丰富，是中国著名的茶叶中心。根据句意可知，武夷山有丰富的旅游资源，因此resource应为复数形式，故填resources。
39．考查固定短语。句意：早在西周(公元前1100年)，它就以名胜古迹而闻名。be known as为固定搭配，意为“作为…而出名”，故填as。
40．考查并列连词。句意：它有一个物种丰富的生态系统，有2527种植物和大约5000种野生动物。2,527 kinds of plant species和 about 5,000 species of wild animals为并列关系，故填and。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了这里令人惊叹的丹霞地貌，道教文化和茶文化也吸引着国内外游客，尤其是来自新加坡和马来西亚的游客。根据其后的名词Danxia landform指物，可知应用形容词化的现在分词作定语，意为“令人惊叹的”，故填amazing。
42．考查副词作状语。句意：除了这里令人惊叹的丹霞地貌，道教文化和茶文化也吸引着国内外游客，尤其是来自新加坡和马来西亚的游客。解析句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语，表强调，故填especially。
43．考查谓语动词。解析句子结构可知，本句为主系表结构，主语为Mount Wuyi Scenic Area，故谓语用单数，且根据上下文语境可知，用一般现在时态，填is。
44．考查不定式。句意：不建议游览所有的景点，但要游览一些主要景点。解析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，此处应用不定式形式真正的主语，故填to visit。
45．考查介词。句意：有了这张票，你可以到达包括天坛，武夷山，大红袍茶树，水幕洞等在内的所有的景点。根据句意可知，一些主要景点“包括”天坛，武夷山，大红袍茶树，水幕洞等等，此处用介词短语作后置定语，补充说明some main attractions，故填including。
46．are awarded 47．Known 48．when 49．an 50．eventually 51．from 52．choosing 53．impressive 54．to select 55．curiosity
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是每年都有许多著名的奖项颁发给有创造力的人，其中一个奖项是颁发给儿童小说的最佳新作，该奖项被称为纽伯里奖。
46．考查时态和语态。句意：每年，我们喜欢的书的有创造力的作者都会被授予许多杰出的奖项。由every year可知，句子要使用一般现在时，主语prizes承受award的动作，因此award还要使用被动语态。故填are awarded。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：该奖项被称为纽伯瑞奖，它始于1921年，当时Frederic Melcher建议美国图书馆协会设立年度最佳新儿童读物奖。空格处动词know在句子中做非谓语，和逻辑主语the award是被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，位于句首首字母大写。故填Known。
48．考查定语从句。句意同上题。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是1921，在从句中作时间状语，因此使用when引导定语从句。故填when。
49．考查冠词。句意同第二题。此处表示泛指应使用不定冠词，annual是元音音素开头，用不定冠词an, 故填an。
50．考查词形转换。句意：大家都同意了，他们最终决定以18世纪英国出版商John Newbery的名字命名该奖项，他为促进儿童文学做出了巨大的努力。副词作状语修饰动词decided, 故填eventually。
51．考查介词。句意：获奖图书是由每年都在变化的委员会选出的，而选出获奖者的过程则需要一整年的时间。range from...to...是固定表达，意为“从……到……变化”。故填from。
52．考查非谓语动词。句意：获奖图书是由每年都在变化的委员会选出的，而选出获奖者的过程则需要一整年的时间。此处需要填入动名词作介词of的宾语，应使用动名词形式。故填choosing。
53．考查形容词。句意：有时，委员会将指定荣誉图书，这些图书可能没有获得奖项，但仍然被认为是给人留下深刻印象的。解析句子可知be后用形容词作表语。故填impressive。
54．考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能会选择一个你喜欢的。读一本书会让你充满热情和创造力。解析句子可知此处需要不定式构成be likely to do为固定表达，意为“可能做某事”。故填to select。
55．考查名词。句意同上题。解析句子可知，此处与and后的creativity词性一致，用做介词with的宾语，应用名词形式，curiosity “好奇心”是不可数名词。故填curiosity。
56．events 57．to have lived 58．justice 59．to 60．were recorded 61．called 62．are 63．the 64．heavily 65．where
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了儒学创始人孔子，总结了他在道德、政治和社会方面的思想的《论语》，他的思想核心，以及其思想对中国以及世界的影响。
56．考查名词复数。句意：事实上，类似的事件发生在全国各地，甚至世界各地。根据谓语动词take可知，主语应用名词复数events。故填events。
57．考查非谓语动词。句意：孔子被认为生活在公元前551年到公元前479年之间。此处考查sb be thought+动词不定式结构。根据时间状语between 551 and 479 BCE可知，不定式的动作发生在过去，设空处应用不定式的完成式，故填to have lived。
58．考查名词。句意：他是儒学的创始人，儒学是一种专注于和谐、正义与和平的道德学说。根据空前的名词harmony, 和空后的and peace，设空处应用名词justice，意为“公平，正义”，作宾语。故填justice。
59．考查介词。句意：孔子还是一位致力于学习和修身的教育家，他决心与更广阔的世界分享他的智慧。此处考查dedicate oneself to doing sth，意为“致力于做……”，设空处应填介词to。故填to。
60．考查时态、语态。句意：他死后，他的言论被他的学生记录下来，并汇集成一本名为《论语》的书，该书总结了这位哲学家在道德、政治和社会方面的思想。此处考查谓语动词，record与逻辑主语his sayings之间为动宾关系，主语为复数形式，助动词应用were。故填were recorded。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：他死后，他的言论被他的学生记录下来，并汇集成一本名为《论语》的书，该书总结了这位哲学家在道德、政治和社会方面的思想。本句谓语动词为record，设空处为非谓语动词，call与逻辑主语a book之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置宾语。故填called。
62．考查动词时态。句意：他的思想的核心是仁、义、礼三个概念，这不仅关系到我们的个人品质，也关系到我们与他人的关系。孔子作为儒家学派的创始人，其思想核心现在依旧为我们认同，陈述现在的事实，谓语动词应用一般现在时，此处为倒装句，主语为the three concepts of Ren, Yi, and Li，为复数，应用are。故填are。
63．考查冠词。句意：尽管社会发生了变化，孔子的哲学思想却经久不衰，并继续激励着人们。此处考查定冠词，特指孔子的哲学思想。 故填the。
64．考查副词。句意：中国人看待家庭关系的方式深受孔子的影响，中国的政治文化也是如此。修饰动词应用副词，作状语。故填heavily。
65．考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：随着时间的推移，儒家思想传播到中国境外，它的影响不仅在日本和韩国等东亚国家仍然可见，在那里它对家庭价值观和道德观念产生了巨大的影响，而且在世界其他地方也有影响。此处考查非限制性定语从句，East Asian countries为先行词，在从句中做地点状语，设空处应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
66．for 67．traditional 68．eating 69．the 70．adoption 71．was introduced 72．creatures 73．While/ Although/Though 74．who/that 75．to have
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章由西方对于“假肉”的需求量的增加为引入话题：“假肉”与中国佛教的渊源。
66．考查介词。句意：在过去的几年里，随着人们寻找其他更健康的食物来代替红肉，西方世界对“假肉”的需求激增。demand for sth.意为“对某物的需求”，固定结构。故填for。
67．考查形容词。句意：但早在它们出现在西方之前，中国就已经在用坚果和蔬菜制作传统的肉类菜肴了。解析可知，此处应用形容词修饰后面的名词性短语meat-based dishes。所给词tradition是名词“传统”，其形容词为traditional“传统的”。故填traditional。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些关于和尚吃豆腐为主的“素肉”的记录可以追溯到早在10世纪的宋朝。它被称为“仿肉菜”或字面上的“仿肉菜”。解析可知，此处用动名词复合结构monks eating tofu-based' vegetarian meat作介词of的宾语，且monks与eat之间为主动关系，应使用动名词的一般式。故填eating。
69．考查冠词。句意：一些关于和尚吃豆腐为主的“素肉”的记录可以追溯到早在10世纪的宋朝。它被称为“仿肉菜”或字面上的“仿肉菜”。解析可知，此处用定冠词the放在序数词10th century前面，特指“十世纪”。故填the。
70．考查名词。句意：中国早期对假冒肉类产品的接受与佛教的悠久历史密切相关根据空前的China's为名词所有格，可知此处应用名词。所给词adopt是动词“采取，接受”，其名词为adoption“采用；接受”。故填adoption。
71．考查动词时态和被动语态。句意：佛教早在两千年前的汉代传入中国。解析可知，Buddhism与动词introduce之间为被动关系，且动作发生在大约2000年前，故用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was introduced。
72．考查名词复数。句意：佛教的一个中心原则是尊重所有的生物，素食主义在信徒中很普遍。creature 为可数名词，根据空前的all可知，此处应用复数形式。故填creatures。
73．考查状语从句。句意：虽然中国的寺院提供纯粹的素食，但他们也常常会考虑到来访人员的膳食选择。解析可知，此处___8___ China's monasteries (寺院) provided a strict vegetarian diet应是让步状语从句，while/ although/though可引导让步状语从句。故填While/ Although/Though。
74．考查定语从句。句意：虽然中国的寺院提供纯粹的素食，但他们也常常会考虑到来访人员的膳食选择。解析可知，___9___ came for a visit应是限定性定语从句，修饰先行词people，先行词在从句中作主语，此处用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
75．考查非谓语动词。句意：游客们会希望吃以肉为主的食物，这就是传统的由来。解析可知，此处用不定式短语作动词expect的宾语。故填to have。
【点睛】语法填空技巧之—动词时态语态好判断
动词的时态和语态填写在语法填空题中考查频率较高。在做此题时，首先根据位置判断为谓语，然后根据时间状语或语境定时态，最后填写时注意判断与主语之间主被动关系，正确填写即可。比如文章第6小题：
Buddhism ___6___ (introduce) to China as early as the Han Dynasty, around 2,000 years ago.
结合句中结构可知，此空应为谓语，结合时间状语around 2,000 years ago判断为一般过去时，且动词与主语之间为被动关系，因此填写答案应为一般过去时被动结构：was introduced。
76．which 77．understood 78．gestures 79．is 80．differently 81．of 82．a 83．to know 84．Following 85．comfortable
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肢体语言的作用以及不同地区国家中不同的肢体语言习俗。
76．考查定语从句。句意：肢体语言被人们用来互相发送信息，这可以帮助你使自己更容易被理解。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
77．考查非谓语动词。句意：肢体语言被人们用来互相发送信息，这可以帮助你使自己更容易被理解。此处为make+宾语+宾补结构，yourself与understand构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填understood。
78．考查名词的数。句意：当你和别人交谈时，你不仅要用语言，还要用手势。gesture为可数名词，前文没有冠词，故用复数形式。故填gestures。
79．考查主谓一致。句意：例如，挥手是说“再见”。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语用单数。故填is。
80．考查副词。句意：不同的国家使用不同的肢体语言。修饰动词use应用副词differently，作状语。故填differently。
81．考查介词。句意：例如，俄罗斯、法国和阿拉伯国家的男人见面时会亲吻对方，但中国或澳大利亚的男人见面时会握手而不是亲吻。结合句意表示“而不是”可知短语为instead of。故填of。
82．考查冠词。句意：阿拉伯国家的人在交谈时喜欢彼此站得很近，而英国人在交谈时必须保持距离。结合句意表示“保持距离”可知短语为keep a distance。故填a。
83．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你使用一门外语时，了解外国身体语言的含义是非常重要的。此处为句型it be adj. to do sth.，不定式作真正主语，it为形式主语。故填to know。
84．考查非谓语动词。句意：遵守习俗将有助于你与人交流，使你呆在那里更愉快和舒适。作句子的主语，follow应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Following。
85．考查形容词。句意：遵守习俗将有助于你与人交流，使你呆在那里更愉快和舒适。作宾语补足语，表示“舒适”应用形容词comfortable。故填comfortable。
86．into 87．were taken 88．which 89．broken 90．confidence 91．to preserve 92．the 93．have spared 94．seventh 95．remaining
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了圆明园文物十二生肖铜首被盗走，又被收回的故事。文物的收回增强了人民的文化自信，而且中国政府以及很多爱国人士仍在为流失在海外的生肖铜首的回归在努力着。
86．考查固定搭配。句意：1860年英法联军攻入圆明园后，包括12尊兽首雕像在内的大量国宝被运走。解析句子可知，break into为固定词组，意为“闯入”，故填into。
87．考查被动语态。句意：1860年英法联军攻入圆明园后，包括12尊兽首雕像在内的大量国宝被运走。解析句子可知，national treasures与12 animal head statues与谓语take间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此需要使用被动语态，且该句主语为复数形式，因此be动词需使用复数形式，此处描述的过去是事情，应使用一般过去时。故填were taken。
88．考查定语从句。句意：11月13日，由澳门收藏家何志平捐赠的一座红色青铜马头雕像返回北京。解析句子可知，该句是非限制性定语从句，且先行词是物，从句中缺少主语，因此需使用关系代词which引导，故填which。
89．考查形容词。句意：历史中断开的记忆链接因此被重新链接起来。解析句子可知，link为名词，需形容词作定语对其进行修饰，故填broken。
90．考查名词。句意：人们的文化自信可以增强。解析句子可知，cultural为形容词，后接名词，意为“文化自信”，故填confidence。
91．考查非谓语动词。句意：它还将鼓励更多的海内外同胞献身，更好地保护我国的文化遗产。解析句子可知，该句的谓语动词为will encourage，此处表目的，应使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to preserve。
92．考查定冠词。句意：70年来，中国政府和广大侨胞不遗余力地从海外追回流失的中国文物。解析句子可知，过去的70年是特定的时间，因此需使用定冠词对其修饰，故填the。
93．考查动词时态。句意：70年来，中国政府和广大侨胞不遗余力地从海外追回流失的中国文物。解析句子可知，in the past 70 years是需使用现在完成时的时间状语，且句中主语为复数，故填have spared。
94．考查数词。句意：通过他们的努力，马首是十二个铜首中第七个从海外返回的。解析句子可知，文中最后一句提到还有五个铜首流失在海外，说明马首是第七个返回国内的，应使用序数词。故填seventh。
95．考查形容词。句意：现在，在搜索剩余的五个。解析句子可知，句中需使用形容词修饰five，故填remaining。
【点睛】如果句子的时间状语是“in/during the past/last + 一段时间”，则句子只使用现在完成时,有时也可使用现在完成进行时。如第8小题，解析句子可知，in the past 70 years是需使用现在完成时的时间状语，且句中主语为复数，故填have spared。
96．to make 97．One 98．were lined 99．till 100．but 101．who 102．shall 103．recorded 104．for 105．amusing
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。是马克吐温短篇小说《爱尔兰的“教派口号”》的节选改编。
96．考查不定式。句意：每一个政党都尽其所能使自己的教义广受欢迎，并吸引非宗教人士对他们的喜爱。解析句意可知，make“使得”需要改为不定式形式，作目的状语。故填to make。
97．考查代词。句意：人们经常听到这种激情最感人的例子。解析句意可知，此处需要使用代词one作主语，表示“普通大众，人们”。故填One。
98．考查被动语态。句意：一周前，大批天主教徒聚集在Armagh，准备为一座新教堂举行落成典礼；当他们再次回家时，道路两旁排满了一群温顺而卑微的新教徒，他们用石头砸他们，直到周围的地区都被鲜血染红。解析句意可知，谓语动词line“沿……排列成行”需要使用被动语态，因为其与主语the roadways“道路”构成动宾关系，且故事已经发生，使用一般过去时即可。故填were lined。
99．考查时间状语从句。句意：一周前，大批天主教徒聚集在Armagh，准备为一座新教堂举行落成典礼；当他们再次回家时，道路两旁排满了一群温顺而卑微的新教徒，他们用石头砸他们，直到周围的地区都被鲜血染红。解析句意可知，空格处需要填写连词引导时间状语从句，根据句意“新教徒用石头砸人，直到砸得到处都是鲜血才停下”可知，till“直到”符合语境。故填till。
100．考查连词。句意：我以为只有天主教徒会这样争论，但这似乎是个错误。根据下文“Every man in the community acts like a minister (社区里的每个人都像牧师)”可知并不只有天主教徒会这样争论，每个人都会，因此空格所在句是由存在转折关系的两个并列句构成的，需要使用but“但是”连接。故填but。
101．考查宾语从句。句意：社区里的每个人都像牧师一样，拿着一块砖头来反对持不同观点的人。解析句意可知，空格处应该使用关系代词who引导作介词against的宾语从句，且在句中作主语。 故填who。
102．考查情态动词。句意：法律规定，发出令人恼火的“教派口号”的人将被罚款40先令和费用。解析句意可知，空格处应该使用情态动词shall表示对将来肯定的推测，即如果发出“教派口号”将被罚款。故填shall。
103．考查过去分词。句意：因此，在警察法庭每天的报告中，人们都会看到这些罚款记录在案。解析句意可知，动词record“记录”应该使用过去分词形式作定语修饰fines“罚款”，因为两个为动宾关系，故使用过去分词形式。故填recorded。
104．考查介词。句意：上周，一名12岁的女孩因在公共街道上声称自己是“新教徒”而被处以40先令的罚款。解析句意可知，空格处填写介词for表示原因，即女孩被罚款是因为称自己是新教徒。故填for。
105．考查现在分词。句意：他们说，一名警察在一条黑暗的小巷里发现一个醉汉躺在地上，自我娱乐地大喊道：“见鬼去！见鬼去！”解析句意可知，动词amuse“使开心”需要使用现在分词形式amusing作宾语补足语，因为此处表示的是宾语a drunken man“一个醉汉”的持续性动作。故填amusing。
106．in 107．which 108．length 109．levels 110．variety 111．than 112．that##which 113．has disappeared 114．extinction 115．left
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了亚马逊雨林，它是一个自然宝藏，但由于人类活动的影响，过去50年里有17%的雨林消失，越来越多的物种也濒临灭绝，我们应该思考这个一个问题：我们能承受破坏“地球之肺”的代价吗？
106．考查介词。句意：作为最大的雨林，亚马逊雨林在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。play a role in…在……中扮演角色，在……中起关键作用，固定搭配。故填in。
107．考查定语从句。句意：亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6400千米——比长江还长大约100千米。解析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Amazon River，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
108．考查名词。句意：亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6400千米——比长江还长大约100千米。此处应用名词作宾语，length长度，不可数名词，故填length。
109．考查名词复数。句意：雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。此处是名词作主语，谓语动词provide使用的是原形，主语应用名词复数形式，故填levels。
110．考查固定短语。句意：雨林的不同层次养活的野生动物种类多到难以置信。a variety of各种各样的，固定短语。故填variety。
111．考查固定短语。句意：1300多种鸟和400多种哺乳动物藏身于这片丛林的植被中。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语more than，意为“多于”。故填than。
112．考查定语从句。句意：亚马孙雨林还是食用物种和药用物种的宝库。空处引导定语从句，先行词是species，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导。故填that/which。
113．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的50年里，由于人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。结合时间状语“Over the past 50 years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是“百分数+不可数名词”，表示单数，助动词应用has。故填has disappeared。
114．考查名词。句意：随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？空处应填名词作宾语，extinction灭绝，消亡，不可数名词。故填extinction。
115．考查过去分词。句意：随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？此处表示“被留下”，应用be left with被留下，被剩下，固定用法。故填left。
116．and 117．which 118．formed 119．came 120．dynasties 121．extremely 122．to_help 123．Despite 124．paying 125．fifth
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍中国的24节气被增加到人类非物资文化遗产的名录中，介绍24节气的由来和重要性。
116．考查连词。句意：给他们一份中国农历，他们就会知道几天甚至几个月后的天气怎么样。解析句子结构可知，此处是祈使句“祈使句＋and/or＋简单句的句型”，前后是顺承关系，应使用连词and。故填and。
117．考查定语从句。本句中使用which引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中做主语，修饰the 24 Solar Terms (节气)。故填which。
118．考查非谓语动词。此处使用非谓语动词作定语修饰a knowledge system and social practice，a knowledge system and social practice和form是被动关系，应使用过去分词。故填formed。
119．考查时态。这句话的时间是during the Qin and Han，应用一般过去时。故填came。
120．考查名词单复数。dynasty是可数名词，因为是秦朝和汉朝，应用复数。故填dynasties。
121．考查副词。修饰形容词important，应用副词。故填extremely。
122．考查不定式用法。句意：但当然，他们没有卫星、互联网或天气广播来帮助他们。此处不定式用作定语表用途和范围。故填to help。
123．考查介词。虽然有这些困难，他们还是成功地制定了24节气。这里需要介词，表示转折的介词是despite意为“尽管……”。故填Despite。
124．考查动名词。本句是一个并列结构，此处与动名词短语studying the sun's movement并列作by的宾语，应用动名词。故填paying。
125．考查序数词。句意：它被誉为中国第五大发明。本句中使用序数词做定语，修饰invention。故填fifth。
126．needed 127．which 128．facing 129．will dig 130．what 131．remarkably 132．through 133．arrival##arriving 134．residents 135．unfamiliar
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是文化冲击的概念和影响。
126．考查非谓语动词。句意：上次我们谈到了成功的海外留学经历所需要的一般“软件”，指的是理解西方文化的能力，以及面对关键情况时解决问题的能力等。句中谓语是talked，空格处用非谓语动词，software和need之间是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填needed。
127．考查定语从句。句意：上次我们谈到了成功的海外留学经历所需要的一般“软件”，指的是理解西方文化的能力，以及面对关键情况时解决问题的能力等。解析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词software是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
128．考查省略。句意：上次我们谈到了成功的海外留学经历所需要的一般“软件”，指的是理解西方文化的能力，以及面对关键情况时解决问题的能力等。根据语境可知，句子表示“面对关键情况时解决问题的能力”，when引导时间状语从句，是when one is facing critical situations，状语从句中主语和主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是facing，故填facing。
129．考查时态。句意：现在，我将深入探讨“软件”的概念。根据语境可知，句子表示“现在，我将深入探讨“软件”的概念”，时态用一般将来时，因此空格处是will dig。故填will dig。
130．考查宾语从句就。句意：如今，每个人都在谈论文化冲击，但你可能想知道它到底意味着什么。解析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，因此空格处用what，故填what。
131．考查副词。句意：简单地说：文化冲击是人们在接触和适应一种截然不同的新文化时可能会遇到的困难。空格处用副词修饰形容词different，remarkable的副词是remarkably，意为“惊人地”，故填remarkably。
132．考查介词。句意：通常，人们会经历四个不同的阶段:蜜月期、谈判期、调整期和精通期。由“four distinct phases”可知，句子表示“人们会经历四个不同的阶段”，“经历”是go through，因此空格处是through，故填through。
133．考查名词和动名词。句意：文化冲击可能会在你到达这个国家后立即发生。upon one's arrival