热点七 必背核心词汇整理
必背核心词汇 A篇 overlook v.忽视，忽略；不予理会；眺望，俯瞰 submit v.呈递，提交；屈服，不得已接受 formula n.计划，方案；配方，处方；公式，方程式 membership n.会员身份，会籍；会员 analyst n.分析者，化验员；心理分析师 enlarge v.扩大，增大，放大
B篇 evaluate v.评价，评估 engage v.参加，从事；吸引，引起；与…有密切关 empower v.授权；给予权力 feedback n.反馈意见；反馈信息 capacity n.能力，才能；容积；功率 underestimate v.低估，对…估计不足；轻视，小看 appeal to 呼吁；上诉；对…有吸引力
C篇 be content with 以…为满足 humanity n.人类（总称）；人道，仁慈 version n.样式，型号；版本 trial n.审判，审理；试验，试用 approval n.称许，赞成；批准，许可 available adj.可用的，可获得的；可得到的 candidate n.候选人，参选人
D篇 imagination n.想象力 cure v./n. 治疗，治愈
E篇 sensitive adj.敏感的，易受影响的；灵敏的 visible adj.看得见的；明显的，引人注目的 substance n.物质，材料热点七 科技改变生活，引领未来
（解析版）
参考答案：
1．B 2．D 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了4个学生可以参加的科学竞赛。
1．细节理解题。标题Unsung Heroes of Science Video Competition部分讲到“Competitors are tasked with making a two — minute video sharing the story of a scientist whose contributions were overlooked. (参赛者的任务是制作一段两分钟的视频，分享一位贡献被忽视了的科学家的故事。)”可知侧重于介绍科学家的故事的是Unsung Heroes of Science Video Competition，故选B。
2．细节理解题。标题Newnham College Essay Prizes部分讲到“The University of Cambridge’s Newnham College Essay Prizes are open to all girls currently in a UK school and involves submitting an essay (2500 words max) answering one of a selection of questions. (剑桥大学的纽纳姆学院征文奖对所有目前在英国学校就读的女生开放，包括提交一篇论文（最多2500字），回答一系列问题。)”可知要想获得Newnham学院论文奖，应该提交一篇字数限制在2500字以内的文章，故选D。
3．推理判断题。标题Unsung Heroes of Science Video Competition部分“Age:16 — 18 (年龄：16-18岁)”, 文章Schools’ Analyst部分“Age:16 — 17 (年龄：16-17岁)”，文章ABSW’s Young Science Writer of the Year部分“Age:14 — 16 (年龄：14-16岁)”以及文章Newnham College Essay Prizes部分“Age:16 — 17 (female only) (年龄：16-17岁(仅限女生))”可知四项比赛的共同点是对16岁的学生开放，故选B。
4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一种新型虚拟现实体验可以帮助孩子们学会如何在火灾中避险求生。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Focusing on children aged 10-12 years, the new VR experience presents a situation where children are tasked to look after a friend’s dog just before a fire event begins to unfold. They participate in a series of problem-solving activities to help save and protect themselves and the dog.(新的VR体验主要针对10-12岁的儿童，在火灾发生之前，孩子们的任务是照看朋友的狗。他们参与一系列解决问题的活动，以帮助拯救和保护自己和狗。)”可知，VR体验通过让孩子们在虚拟情境中解决问题来教育他们如何应对火灾状况。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“The findings showed that more than 80 percent of children reported that they felt more confident to calmly evaluate the options and make wise decisions to protect themselves from a fire.(调查结果显示，超过80%的儿童表示，他们会更有信心，也会更冷静地评估各种选择，并做出明智的决定，以保护自己免受火灾伤害。)”可推断，这种虚拟现实体验可以极大程度地帮助确保孩子们的安全。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段中Weber的话“Well-designed VR can provide an opportunity for children to apply newly acquired knowledge, strengthen their learnt concepts, and enable immediate feedback—all incredibly valuable learning tools.(精心设计的VR可以为孩子们提供一个应用新获得的知识的机会，加强他们所学的概念，并提供即时反馈——这些都是非常有价值的学习工具。)”可推知，Weber对这种新型虚拟现实体验持支持的态度。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recently, a research on how a new virtual reality (VR) experience educated primary children about the fire disasters was done.(最近，一项关于新的虚拟现实(VR)体验如何教育小学生火灾的研究已经完成。)”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型虚拟现实体验可以帮助孩子们学会如何在火灾中避险求生。所以“VR experiences educate kids to survive a fire(虚拟现实体验教育孩子如何在火灾中生存)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
8．C 9．B 10．C 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了 Elon Musk最新推出的Neuralink人机接口。
8．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In a video Friday obviously aimed at seeking new employees, Musk showed off the second version of the Neuralink, a device about the size of a large coin. It’s designed to be put in a person’s head. An earlier version of the device has to be placed behind an ear like a huge hearing aid.(在周五的一段显然是 寻找新员工的视频中，Musk展示了 Neuralink的第二版，一枚大硬币大小的设备。它被设计成放在一个人的大脑里面。该设备的早期版本像一个巨大的助听器一样必须被放在耳朵后面)”可知，第一版的接口必须挂在耳后。故选C。
9．词义猜测题。根据下文“His solution Link our brains to computers so we can keep up with or even win over them in intelligence!(他的解决方案？把我们的大脑和电脑连接起来，这样我们就能在智力上跟上它们，甚至战胜它们)”可推断，Elon Musk担心人工智能机器人会打败人类由此他的解决方案是将人类的大脑和电脑连接起来，这样就能跟上AI甚至打败他们。故推测划线词的意思表示“打败”，与defeat意思相近。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第七段“Musk urged coders (程序员), engineers and especially people who have actually created a product to apply. (Musk敦促程序员、工程师，特别是那些实际创造了一种产品的人来申请)”可知，Elon Musk特别垂青那些有独创作品的程序员及工程师。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第四段“In a video Friday obviously aimed at seeking new employees, Musk showed off the second version of the Neuralink, a device about the size of a large coin. It’s designed to be put in a person’s head. An earlier version of the device has to be placed behind an ear like a huge hearing aid.(在周五的一段显然是为了招聘新员工的视频中，马斯克展示了第二个版本的Neuralink，这是一种大硬币大小的设备。它被设计用来植入人的大脑。该设备的早期版本必须像一个巨大的助听器一样放在耳朵后面)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Elon Musk在本周五演示录像中展示的产品——最新推出的Neuralink人机接口设备进行的报道和说明。由此推知，这篇文章可能来自一篇新闻报道。故选D。
12．D 13．F 14．C 15．G 16．E
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。从几个方面讲述了未来的生活。
12．根据下文“Instead of putting an emoticon (表情符号) at the end of every sentence, they will use an emotion: anger, happiness, or excitement.（不再在每句话的末尾加上表情符号，他们会直接使用感情交流：比如说生气、开心和激动。）”可知，空后提出了未来的交流方式，故D项“脑科学将会改变交流的方式。”符合，空后说明具体的直接情感交流的方式，故选D项。
13．根据本段首句“I’m talking about telepathy (心灵感应), really.（真的，我说的是心灵感应。）”可知，本段主要介绍了未来通过心灵感应来交流的方式。且空前“We’ll still communicate the traditional way.”（我们仍然会用传统的方式交流。）可知，此空与空前构成转折关系，故F项“但是心灵感应交流能避免产生误会”符合，尽管我们会用传统的方式交流，但是心灵感应交流能避免产生误会，故选F项。
14．根据本段首句内容“Medicine will develop fast, too.”（医疗也会得到快速的发展。）可知，本段主要介绍未来医疗方面的发展。根据下文“and we will have begun to treat the disease like the common cold. We’ll live with it. It will no longer be deadly.”（并且我们会像对待常见的感冒一样对待癌症，我们会和它一起生活，它也不再是致命的。）可知，空处应承接前文，讲述医疗的发展对我们的好处。选项C.“我们将治愈某些癌症”，符合题意，故选C。
15．根据空前“Technology will help in this respect.”（科技在这方面能起到一定的作用。）空后“Smart toilets will perform liquid biopsies (液体活检) to discover cancer cells.”（智能马桶能通过液体活检来发现尿液中含有的癌细胞。）可知，空前提到科技在医疗方面会有所帮助，空后举出具体的例子，故G项“我们的衣服会发现心脏病的开始，并建议我们去治疗。”符合，举出另一个相关的例子，故选G项。
16．根据空后“By 2050 I think we’ll be able to grow many of the important organs (器官) of the body and, rather than allow the organs we’re born with to become old and weak, we’ll replace them.”（到2050年，我认为我们将能够生长很多重要的器官，而不再是任由我们的器官变旧变虚弱，我们可以自行替代这些旧的器官。）可知，本段主要讲述在未来我们可以自己生长器官，故E项“我们已经可以能通过细胞来生长皮肤、鼻子、耳朵等等。”符合，故选E项。
17．making 18．but/while 19．imagination 20．an 21．that/which 22．Named 23．invisible 24．to build 25．it 26．are completed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最大的数码相机——the Legacy Survey of Space and Time。
17．考查现在分词。句意：多年来，数码相机变得越来越小，让人们更容易拍照，但现在研究人员已经开发出世界上最大的数码相机。分析可知，此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。
18．考查连词。句意：多年来，数码相机变得越来越小，让人们更容易拍照，但现在研究人员已经开发出世界上最大的数码相机。根据句意分析句子可知，空格前的部分和空格后的部分是两个独立的句子，但是在语义上两个句子是转折关系，所以空格处应该填入转折连词but或while。故填but或while。
19．考查名词。句意：它的规模实在难以想象。空格处应该填入imagine的名词形式imagination作介词beyond的宾语。故填imagination。
20．考查冠词。句意：该相机高1.65米，重近3吨，其功能强大，足以在15英里外拍摄高尔夫球的图像，灵敏度高到可以发现比人眼可见物体暗1亿倍的物体。根据句意和空格后的单数可数名词image分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个不定冠词，表示泛指；因为名词image的发音是元音音素开头，所以应该用不定冠词an。故填an。
21．考查定语从句。句意：该相机高1.65米，重近3吨，其功能强大，足以在15英里外拍摄高尔夫球的图像，灵敏度高到可以发现比人眼可见物体暗1亿倍的物体。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个限制性定语从句，对先行词objects进行限定说明；该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替先行词objects在从句中作主语，所以应该用关系代词that或which。故填that或which。
22．考查过去分词。句意：这台名为“遗留时空巡天”的相机将帮助科学家研究和记录200亿个星系。根据句意和所给动词name分析句子可知，空格处只能用name的非谓语形式作状语，因为句子的主语the camera和动词name之间是逻辑被动关系，所以应该用过去分词named。故填Named。
23．考查形容词。句意：暗物质是一种看不见的物质，被认为构成了宇宙的很大一部分。根据句意和所给形容词visible分析句子可知，空格处应该填入visible的反义词invisible“看不见的”作定语，修饰后面的名词substance。故填invisible。
24．考查不定式。句意：LSST相机花了7年多的时间来制造，可以以令人难以置信的分辨率产生超清晰的图像。take time to do something（花费时间做某事），所以空格处应该填入不定式形式to build。故填to build。
25．考查代词。句意：它捕获的图像非常大，需要378个超高清电视屏幕才能显示一个全尺寸的图像。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是定语从句，空格处应该填入一个代词代替上一句中的the camera在从句中作主语，所以应该用代词it。定语从句中省略作动词capture宾语的关系代词which/that。故填it。
26．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：一旦所有测试完成，相机将飞向它的新家——位于智利安第斯山脉高处的天文台。根据句意分析句子可知，once引导状语从句，根据后面主句用一般将来时可知，从句应该用一般现在时表示将来；从句的主语是all the tests和所给动词complete是被动关系，所以从句应该用被动语态，且谓语动词应该用复数形式。故填are completed。热点七 科技改变生活，引领未来
（原卷版）
题型 语篇类型 主题语境
阅读理解A 应用文 人与社会-学生科学竞赛
阅读理解B 说明文 人与社会-虚拟技术帮助在火灾中求生
阅读理解C 新闻报道 人与社会-马斯克脑机接口
七选五D 说明文 人与社会-未来生活的样子
语法填空E 说明文 人与社会-世界上最大的数码相机
A
（2023秋·河南驻马店·高二统考期末）
Science Competitions Your Students Can Enter
Unsung Heroes of Science Video Competition
Age:16 — 18
Closed: May 17, 2022
The Unsung Heroes of Science Video Competition from Hertford College University of Oxford is open to all 16 — 18 students around the petitors are tasked with making a two — minute video sharing the story of a scientist whose contributions were overlooked. Entries can be submitted by individuals or in teams. Winners of the competition in the UK will get to go behind the scenes at the Royal Institution 8 Christmas lectures.
Schools’ Analyst
Age:16 — 17
Closed: March 25, 2022
The Schools’ Analyst Competition is returning to schools with teams tasked with finding the perfect formula for fish and chips! This competition allows students to expand their chemistry knowledge and skills through practical experiments. Each winning school team will then compete within their region to find a regional winner. Regional winners receive a cash prize.
ABSW’s Young Science Writer of the Year
Age:14 — 16 Closed: April 8, 2022
The Association of British Science Writers’ Annual Competition is open to students at non - selective state — funded schools in Cardiff, Birmingham, Glasgow and London. The competition invites young people to write about the big questions in STEM, and they’ve just 800 words to put forward their thoughts. The award winner receives 1000, and one—year’s membership of ABSW.
Newnham College Essay Prizes
Age:16 — 17 (female only)
Closed: March 11, 2022
The University of Cambridge’s Newnham College Essay Prizes are open to all girls currently in a UK school and involves submitting an essay (2500 words max) answering one of a selection of questions. Besides targeting their literacy skills, the competition is a great chance to prepare students for higher education and would make a great addition to a UCAS form. Students also have the chance of winning a cash prize ranging from 400 to 100. Students may only submit an essay for one subject.
1．Which competition focuses on introducing scientists' story
A．Schools’ Analyst.
B．Unsung Heroes of Science Video Competition.
C．Newnham College Essay Prizes.
D．ABSW's Young Science Writer of the Year.
2．What should one do to win Newnham College Essay Prizes
A．Answer two questions at a time.
B．Write about the big scientific questions.
C．Enlarge his chemistry knowledge.
D．Submit an essay with words limited to 2500.
3．What do the four competitions have in common
A．They provide cash prizes for winners.
B．They are open to students aged 16 years old.
C．They have something to do with writing skills.
D．They accept entries by individuals and in teams.
B
（2023秋·云南楚雄·高二统考期末）
Recently, a research on how a new virtual reality (VR) experience educated primary children about the fire disasters was done. It was developed by the University of South Australia, aiming to educate children to learn how to be safer in a fire.
Focusing on children aged 10-12 years, the new VR experience presents a situation where children are tasked to look after a friend’s dog just before a fire event begins to unfold. They participate in a series of problem-solving activities to help save and protect themselves and the dog.
The findings showed that more than 80 percent of children reported that they felt more confident to calmly evaluate the options and make wise decisions to protect themselves from a fire. This is especially significant considering that 91 per cent of participants originally lacked any knowledge of fires, and that 67 per cent had said that they were too young to make safety decisions in a fire.
The researchers believed such immersive (沉浸式的) VR experiences had real potential to engage, educate and empower the young. “As children born in digital times, they are engaged by such technology and they can experience events realistically yet within the safe environment,” said Delene Weber, one of the researchers. “Well-designed VR can provide an opportunity for children to apply newly acquired knowledge, strengthen their learnt concepts, and enable immediate feedback — all incredibly valuable learning tools.”
Meanwhile, because children have fewer life experiences, aren’t as physically strong, and are less likely to have learned much about fire safety, they’re often most at risk. Yet the capacity for children to contribute to fire safety at their household should not be underestimated.
“Children do not need to be passive victims of disasters and with purpose-built virtual reality experiences such as these, we can help empower children to understand the risks but realize they can help,” said Weber.
4．How does the new VR experience try to educate children
A．By introducing a virtual friend to them.
B．By analyzing the causes of a fire event.
C．By letting them solve virtual problems.
D．By guiding them to ask a dog for help.
5．What did the result of the research about VR experiences show
A．Many children found it hard to adapt to them.
B．They could greatly help ensure children’s safety.
C．They benefited children with knowledge of fire.
D．Most children had a misunderstanding about them.
6．What does Weber think of the new VR experiences
A．Unrealistic. B．Dangerous. C．Unnecessary. D．Significant.
7．What can be the most suitable title for the text
A．VR experiences educate kids to survive a fire
B．VR experiences make learning easier for kids
C．VR education appeals to the young generation
D．VR technology makes no sense in fighting a fire
C
（2023秋·湖南长沙·高二长郡中学校考期末）
Elon Musk isn’t content with electric cars, shooting people into orbit and populating Mars. He also wants to get inside your brain.
His goal is to develop devices that can provide treatment to neural (神经的) diseases and that may one day be powerful enough to put humanity on an equal footing with possible future super intelligent computers.
Not that it’s anywhere close to that yet.
In a video Friday obviously aimed at seeking new employees, Musk showed off the second version of the Neuralink, a device about the size of a large coin. It’s designed to be put in a person’s head. An earlier version of the device has to be placed behind an ear like a huge hearing aid.
But the young company is far from having a commercial product, which would involve complex human trials and governmental approval. Friday’s video showed three pigs. One, named Gertrude, had a Neuralink device in its brain.
Musk, a founder of both the electric car company Tesla Motors and the space-exploration firm SpaceX, has always been worried about that smarter AI machines will outwit humans. His solution Link our brains to computers so we can keep up with or even win over them in intelligence!
Musk urged coders (程序员), engineers and especially people who have actually created a product to apply. “You don’t need to have brain experience,” he said, adding that this is something that can be learned on the job.
Connecting a brain up directly to electronics is not new. Doctors have already put similar devices in brains to treat such conditions as Parkinson’s disease. In 2016, researchers reported that a man regained some movement in his own hand with a similar brain implant. But Musk’s proposal goes beyond this. Neuralink wants to build on those existing medical treatments and work on devices that could link our brains to computers one day.
8．What can we learn about the first version of the Neuralink
A．It is smaller than a hearing aid.
B．It can be put in a person’s head.
C．It has to be placed behind the ear.
D．It is already available at the market.
9．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “outwit” in paragraph 6
A．copy B．defeat C．understand D．destroy
10．What kind of candidates does Elon Musk particularly want
A．Someone who also wants to create the same device.
B．Doctors who already know how to treat brain diseases.
C．People who have already designed some unique product.
D．Engineers who are good at linking brains to computers.
11．Where is this text likely from
A．An advertisement. B．A test report.
C．A science fiction novel. D．A news report.
D
（2023秋·陕西咸阳·高二统考期末）
By 2050 we’ll be able to send memories, emotions and feelings across the Internet. ____12____
Teenagers will love it. Instead of putting an emoticon(表情符号)at the end of every sentence, they will use an emotion: anger, happiness, or excitement.
I’m talking about telepathy (心灵感应), really. We’ll still communicate the traditional way.
____13____ Our children will wonder: What is a keyboard We will enter the age of the ”brain net".
Medicine will develop fast, too. ____14____, and we will have begun to treat the disease like the common cold. We’ll live with it. It will no longer be deadly. We won’t fear it like we used to. Technology will help in this respect. ____15____ Smart toilets will perform liquid biopsies to discover cancer cells. Smart objects like phones will check us over automatically.
____16____. By 2050 I think we’ll be able to grow many of the important organs(器官)of the body and, rather than allow the organs we’re born with to become old and weak, well replace them.
That’s all coming. And it doesn’t take much imagination to realise it.
A．We will do a few tests.
B．People will live an easy life.
C．We will have cured certain forms of cancer.
D．Brain science will have changed communication.
E．We can already use human cells to grow skin, noses, ears, etc.
F．But communicating telepathically will avoid misunderstandings between people.
G．Our clothes will discover the beginnings of a heart disease, and advise us to get treatment.
E
（2023秋·江苏连云港·高二统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Over the years, digital cameras have been getting smaller and smaller, ____17____ (make) it easier for people to snap a picture, ____18____ now researchers have developed the world’s largest digital camera.
It’s really beyond ____19____ (imagine) to think about its size. Standing at 1.65 metres tall and weighing almost three tonnes, the camera is powerful enough to snap ____20____ image of a golf ball from 15 miles away, and sensitive enough to spot objects ____21____ are 100 million times dimmer than those visible to the human eye. ____22____ (name) the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), the camera will help scientists to study and record 20 billion galaxies.
The camera will survey the southern night sky for a decade, creating a lot of data that scientists will consider to better understand dark matter. Dark matter is a(an) ____23____ (visible) substance that is thought to make up a large part of the universe.
The LSST camera has taken more than seven years ____24____ (build) and can produce super-sharp images at incredible resolution. The images ____25____ captures will be so big that it would take 378 ultra-high-definition TV screens to display one at full size.
At the moment, engineers are performing tests on the LSST camera. Once all the tests ____26____ (complete), the camera will jet off to its new home—an observatory high in the Andes mountains of Chile.
