2023届高三英语复习——阅读理解之应用文10篇（新高考）（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023届高三英语复习——阅读理解之应用文10篇（新高考）（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 35.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-02-28 23:39:32 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
2023届高三英语复习——阅读理解之应用文10篇（新高考）
（2023·湖北·高三统考一模）Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal, this year’s winners of the most famous award in architecture, are as surprised as anyone else. “Of course, we are very pleased,” Lacaton said. She and her partner smiled broadly.
Putting aside their wearing eyeglasses, Lacaton and Vassal could not be more different from an earlier generation of “architects”. Lacaton and Vassal apply a belief—never destroy, never remove or replace, always add, transform, and reuse - to their work on old urban buildings. Designs by Lacaton and Vassal have focused on perfecting low-income housing complexes, beautifully and functionally, while respecting — rather than displacing- the people who live there.
“Buildings are beautiful when people feel well in them,“ Lacaton explained. “When the light inside is beautiful and the air is pleasant, when the exchange with the outside seems easy and gentle, and when uses and sensations are unexpected.” Vassal added, “There’s a lot of violence in architecture. We try to be accurate. We try to work with kindness.” perfecting low-income housing complexes, beautifully and functionally, while respecting — rather than displacing- the people who live there.
When Lacaton and Vassal were asked to redesign a particularly large and ugly public housing building in Bordeaux in 2017, the residents told them they did not want to move, even temporarily, but that they wanted bigger units. The solution was to surround the building with large outdoor terraces (露天平台), adding sliding glass doors to each unit, and remaking the exterior from concrete to something gleaming(闪光的), modern and alive. Suddenly, everyone had roomy outdoor space, some of which was enclosed to be used during the winter as “winter gardens”.
“Their approach of cost-effective, creative readaption could be a model for urban planning in the U.S., where destruction’s been seen as a method of solving the worsening public housing in such cities as Chicago and St.Louis,” architecture professor Mabel 0. Wilson says. “And granted, there’s a host of other issues as to why that happened. It’s not the building. It’s the absence of social services and lack of repair to buildings that made living in public housing impossible for residents.
1．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about Lacaton and Vassal
A．Their housing standard. B．Their working principle.
C．Their living conditions. D．Their wearing style.
2．What do Lacaton and Vassal seek to do in their architecture work
A．Rebuild old houses precisely.
B．Displace the settlers with great kindness.
C．Improve rather than knock down old buildings.
D．Extend space for people as much as possible.
3．Why does the author mention the public housing building in Bordeaux
A．To stress the importance of winter gardens.
B．To show the violence in tearing down buildings.
C．To reflect the cost of readapting houses.
D．To prove the possibility of improving old houses.
4．Why do people tend to knock down the worsening public housing, according to Wilson
A．It saves the cost effectively.
B．It makes room for new creative buildings.
C．They lack awareness of social services.
D．There is no need to repair these buildings.
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia(痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however, may be the real deal Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine(November; 2022). After18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug The others, a placebo(安慰剂). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis(淀粉样蛋白假说) seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
5．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A．The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimers.
B．All participants didn’t receive the new drug.
C．The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants.
D．It took 18 months to make the new drug.
6．The author explains the effectiveness of the new drug by _______.
A．illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body
B．describing how immune-system works in detail
C．making comparisons between two groups of participants
D．quoting the comments of other scientists
7．Which of the following is a drawback of the new drug
A．It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment.
B．It can cause some side-effects.
C．It costs too much for ordinary families.
D．It needs to be further tested before its launch.
8．What does the author think of Lecanemab
A．Reliable. B．Groundbreaking
C．Promising D．Risky.
（2023·湖北·高三统考一模）I’ve always disliked the term homework. Surely home is where we rest, refresh, recreate — in the truest sense, it’s where we don’t work. What sort of message have we sent our young people all these years by requiring them to work not only at school but at home No wonder they don’t prefer homework.
At my school, we have kept the older name for homework: prep (or to use the full name and highlight its true purpose: preparation). Prep is designed to help children prepare for the next lesson. A number of short tasks can be part of prep these days: a YouTube clip, a short film made by a teacher, a map or picture to look at. Something visual often suits the child who, by the end of a busy school day, is mentally tired.
Prep can still consist of consolidation exercises but based on past experience, a practical method should be that these are not as many as to be demanding and should be adjusted to suit the child’s needs. Some written work maybe requested but I would hope that it would be a short piece or even a sample paragraph. “Write an essay...” comes with strings attached and usually takes rather longer than the prep time needed.
Ensure that a child’s workspace at home is tidy, quiet and uninterrupted by devices that are not being used for study. On tablets or PCs in use for homework, turn off the notifications or remove any apps you feel are a distraction. Keep an eye on, but not a physical presence in, the workspace until you know your child is truly self-sufficient in terms of focus and pace of work.
Finally, I advise parents to coach children in the Nike approach: “Just do it.” In truth this is generally more favoured by boys than girls, who love wasting time arranging the many coloured pens and crisp stationery. Help your daughter release her inner boy, grab a pen, get the work done, cross out errors with one straight line so that the teacher can see the thought process, finish, pack the bag for tomorrow, and go out to play!
9．What’s the main idea of the first paragraph
A．To explain what home is.
B．To explain what homework is.
C．To explain why children don’t like homework.
D．To explain why the author doesn’t like the term homework.
10．What can be part of preparation
A．Making a map. B．Clipping a picture.
C．Watching a short video. D．Shooting a short film.
11．According to the passage, which of the following may the author approve of
A．Writing a long essay can be part of preparation.
B．Keep an eye on and stay with children until their work is done.
C．Preparation can be homework but consolidation exercises cannot.
D．Turn off the notifications when children do homework on tablets or PCs.
12．What does the author probably do
A．A principal B．A photographer
C．A parent D．An official
（2023·安徽淮北·统考一模）A college professor at my university years ago shocked his class with a frog. He showed off a wood frog that was still alive but frozen solid. Then suddenly, he threw it against a wall and it broke into pieces. Everyone took a quick deep breath. Moments later, he explained that he hadn’t actually thrown the frog. For dramatic effect he had switched the frog for a large piece of ice. But the goal was to illustrate a point: That a wood frog does in fact freeze as solid as ice to survive the winter. Then it thaws again in the spring.
The wood frog is one of the most frequently studied animals on Earth that freezes. First, it’s liquid, it’s hopping around, then ice comes on it from the outside. Its skin gets frozen a little bit, its eyes glaze over, its brain freezes, and ice pushes blood to the frog’s heart before eventually that, too, is rock solid. This transition requires major changes in biochemistry. Ice slowly forms around the outside of organs and cells. At the same time, the frog’s liver pumps out incredible amounts of glucose — a sugary liquid that acts like antifreeze for vital organs — that flows everywhere including the insides of cells to keep them from dying.
But true supercooling in nature — and especially with human organs — comes with risks, says Shannon Tessier, an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School who studies how suspended animation in nature can translate to human organ transplants.
Wood frogs and other animals that survive extreme conditions in nature have many applications in medicine, especially in the world of organ transplants, Tessier says. A human heart, for example, can only exist outside the body for about four hours. “So we’re trying to use the principles from wood frogs with high amounts of glucose and freeze a whole heart or other organ, keep it in suspended animation, safely awake it, and transplant it.”
13．Why did the college professor take a frog to the class
A．To show off his amazing pet. B．To switch a piece of ice with it.
C．To tell students some frog facts. D．To conduct a special experiment.
14．What does the underlined word “thaws” mean in paragraph 1
A．Freezes itself. B．Comes to life. C．Becomes warm. D．Turns back into water.
15．What protects the frozen frog from dying
A．Its icy cell. B．Its vital organ. C．Its warm blood. D．Its sugary liquid.
16．Who will probably benefit from the frog’s principles according to Shannon Tessier
A．The one who has to take a heart transplant operation.
B．The one who is applying for the Harvard Medical School.
C．The one who works on the development of a new medicine.
D．The one who plans to experience extreme conditions in nature.
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）When put to tests, bees have long proved that they’ve got a lot more to offer than pollinating (授粉) , making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive (刺激)to do so. ”
Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free.
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. “This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物) and birds,” said Lars Chittka, a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.
The study’s first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. “They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more,” she says.
17．What is the new finding about bees
A．They are fond of having fun.
B．They are faithful to the queen.
C．They are adaptable to changes.
D．They are skilled at rolling balls.
18．How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment
A．By teaching bees new tricks.
B．By rewarding bees with food.
C．By making bees feel at home.
D．By building new homes for bees.
19．What are Lars Chittka’s words mainly about
A．The forms of bees’ interaction.
B．The complexity of bees’ minds.
C．The examples of mammals’ play.
D．The purpose of mammals’ enjoyment.
20．What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result
A．It backs up prior understanding of insects.
B．It reveals reasons for bees’ positive feelings.
C．It drives research on animals’ emotional state.
D．It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.
（2023·云南·云南师大附中校考模拟预测）For those of us who can’t live without a morning cup, the latest assessments of the health effects of coffee are reassuring. Its consumption has been linked to a reduced risk of all kinds of diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, gallstones, cirrhosis, liver cancer, melanoma and prostate cancer.
In fact, in numerous studies conducted throughout the world, consuming four or five 250 ml cups of coffee a day has been associated with reduced death rates. Published in 2015 in Circulation, a study of more than 200,000 participants followed for up to 30 years found that those who drank three to five cups of coffee a day, with or without caffeine, were 15 percent less likely to die early from all causes than those who escaped coffee.
As a report published in 2020 by researchers at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health concluded, although current evidence may not warrant (保证) recommending coffee or caffeine to prevent disease, for most people drinking coffee in moderation “can be part of a healthy lifestyle”. They found that consumption of three to five standard cups of daily coffee may in fact reduce the risk of several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
It wasn’t always this way. Aside from the many health conditions coffee has been thought to cause, in 1991 it was even listed by the World Health Organization as a possible carcinogen (致癌物). But in some of the now-discredited studies, it was smoking, not coffee drinking that was responsible for the purported carcinogen hazard.
That’s not to say coffee warrants a totally clean bill of health. The most common ill effect associated with it is sleep disturbance. While Dr. Willett says “you don’t have to get to zero consumption to minimize the impact on sleep,” he acknowledges that a person’s sensitivity to caffeine likely increases with age. Some sleep well after drinking caffeinated coffee at dinner while others have trouble sleeping if they have coffee at lunch.
Some of coffee’s other benefits come from polyphenols and antioxidants. Polyphenols can inhibit (抑制) the growth of cancer cells and, lower the risk of type 2 diabetes; antioxidants, which have anti-inflammatory effects, can counter heart disease and cancer.
21．What can we learn about caffeine according to the studies mentioned in the passage
A．Three cups of coffee a day with caffeine may make you die early.
B．Five cups of coffee a day with or without caffeine may do good to you.
C．Young men get more sensitive to caffeine than the elders.
D．There is no different sensitivity to caffeine between the young and old.
22．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The more coffee people drink, the healthier they are.
B．Scientists guarantee people healthier if they drink coffee.
C．A few cups of daily coffee is likely to reduce some diseases.
D．People are urged to drink 3 to 5 cups of coffee per day.
23．What does the passage focus on
A．The benefits of coffee. B．The side effects of coffee.
C．The origin of coffee. D．The development of coffee.
24．In which column of a magazine can we most probably find the text
A．Nature. B．History.
C．Health. D．Business.
（2023秋·江西·高三校联考一模）A first look may make you think it is a seesaw. But people of the Yi ethnic group will tell you it’s completely different and it can be used for a competitive sport.
“Damoqiu is a traditional sport and celebration during festivals,” said Li Jingming, an inheritor of damoqiu. “I started playing at the age of 5 years old.”
Li said that the seesaw-like equipment for damoqiu is made up of two poles. One stands up on the ground with a height of 1.5 meters and the other 5-meter pole with a small hole in the middle lies horizontally on it, connecting with it through the small hole. When playing, one or two performers sit or crawl on each side of the horizontal pole. They need to use their strength from their belly or legs to keep balance on the pole while doing different postures. Due to its complexity, damoqiu was listed in 2016 as an intangible cultural heritage in Longlin county, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.
“Many people simply play damoqiu for fun,” said 61-year -old Li. “Yet, taking it as a professional sport is more a game of bravery.”
According to Li, since the horizontal pole only hangs on the standing pole, it’s always spinning, making it hard for performers to keep balance. “If you’re lacking in strength, it’s easy to tilt and you may even slip down from the pole. Sometimes, it’s even dangerous,” added Li.
Damoqiu as a professional sport also requires great effort and patience.
Li recalled that training for a new posture sometimes requires several days. “Repetition is part of our daily routine. Though it’s dull, it requires our effort to keep the tradition alive.” Li said.
As more and more young people leave villages to earn money in the big cities, they have less time to train on the pole and develop new postures. “It’s a pity that damoqiu is disappearing from the competitive stage now.” said Li, adding that he has only had five disciples in training for many years.
To make damoqiu accessible to more people, Li not only teaches it in schools voluntarily, but also performs in many competitions to show the sport’s charm to audiences.
25．What do we know about damoqiu
A．It is a traditional sport in Northwest China.
B．It requires at least three people to play
C．People have to keep balance on the horizontal pole.
D．It was recognized as an intangible cultural heritage in 2006.
26．What does Li think is important for playing damogiu as a professional sport
A．Passion and good athletic ability. B．Great effort, patience and strength.
C．Patience, creativity and energy. D．Strength and relevant previous experience.
27．What is paragraph 8 mainly about
A．Young people’s views on damoqiu. B．The reasons why young people have less time to train.
C．The current development of damoqiu. D．The difficulties of passing down damoqiu
28．How does Li promote damoqiu
A．By writing a book on it. B．By performing it in many competitions.
C．By making it an elective course in local schools. D．By introducing and teaching it to people online.
（2022秋·湖南益阳·高三统考一模）A China-led research team has completed a genetic study on penguin species to understand how they evolved from their flying ancestors 60 million years ago into the excellent swimmers today.
The study analyzed the genes of all living penguins and those that had died out, alongside their fossil data. The research provides new findings about the genetic basis for penguin evolution and its adaptation to the environments in oceans.
The study confirmed that ancient penguins originated in Zealandia, which used to be a continent in the South Pacific Ocean, about 65 million years ago. The ancestor of penguins appeared about 14 million years ago, after which global climate changes drove the penguin evolution and contributed to the formation of new species, said lead researcher Zhang Guojie from Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
It also identified a series of genes that allow the bird to live both on land and in water. Over 60 million years, penguins have gradually become smaller in size, and they have evolved to be more suitable for the new environments, according to Zhang.
Researchers in the study also discovered that penguins at high latitudes (纬度), such as emperor penguins, had evolved much faster than those at low latitudes. It suggests that the extreme Antarctic environment put greater environmental stress on penguins and sped up the adaptation of the high-latitude species to extreme environments.
These findings help to understand which genes contributed to the penguin adaptations to oceans and extreme cold environments on Earth, Zhang said.
“They also demonstrated that penguins have adapted to an ever-changing world during the past 60 million years, so there is no need to worry about how the species respond to future climate changes.”
29．What do we know about the ancestors of penguins
A．They evolved because of climate changes.
B．They disappeared about 14 million years ago.
C．They were smaller in size than penguins today.
D．They were excellent swimmers 65 million years ago.
30．What is the main reason for penguins at high latitudes to evolve faster
A．The small size of penguins.
B．The extreme cold environments.
C．The stress from other species.
D．The ever-changing environment.
31．What is the researchers’ attitude towards the penguins in the future
A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Optimistic.
32．What did the research focus on
A．How climate changes made penguins learn to fly.
B．How penguins evolved to adapt to new environment.
C．How human activities influenced penguins’ evolution.
D．How penguins began to live in water 14 million years ago.
（2023·陕西咸阳·统考一模）Both lab-grown and plant-based alternatives are close to the taste and nutritional value of real meat without environmental damage.
The UN expects the world to have 9. 8 billion people by 2050. By that date, according to the predictions, humans will consume 70% more meat than they did in 2005. And it turns out that raising animals for human consumption is among the worst things we do to the environment. Depending on the animal, producing a pound of meat protein with Westem industrialized methods needs 4 to 25 times more water, 6 to 17 times more land, and 6 to 20 times more fossil fuels than producing a pound of plant protein. The problem is that people aren’t likely to stop eating meat anytime soon. This means lab-grown and plant-based alternatives might be the best way to limit the damage.
Making lab-grown meat involves getting muscle tissue from animals and growing it in bioreactors. The end product looks much like what you’d get from an animal, although researchers are still working on the taste. Researchers at Maastricht University, who are working to produce lab-grown meat at scale, believe they’ll have a lab-grown burger available by next year. One shortcoming of lab-grown meat is that the environmental benefits are still small-a recent World Economic Forum report says the emissions from lab-grown meat would be only around 7％ less than emissions from beef production.
A better environmental case can be made for plant-based meats from companies like Beyond Meat Foods, which use pea proteins, wheat, potatoes, and plant oils to mimic the real taste of animal meat. According to an analysis by the Center for Sustainable Systems at the University of Michigan, a Beyond Meat pie would probably generate 90% less greenhouse-gas emissions than a traditional burger made from a cow.
33．Why were lab-grown and plant-based meat introduced
A．To eat more tasty and delicious meat. B．To reduce damage to the environment.
C．To have as much protein as people can. D．To rid the world of severe hunger problems.
34．What can we learn about lab-grown meat from Paragraph 3
A．Making lab-grown meat involves killing animals first.
B．Consuming lab-grown meat can be realized next year.
C．The cost of lab-grown beef is 7% cheaper than real beef.
D．The damage of lab-grown meat to the environment is still big.
35．What does the underlined word “mimic” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Copy. B．Ruin. C．Change. D．Sell.
36．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A science magazine. D．A course plan.
（2023春·重庆·高三统考一模）If you’ve ever emerged from the shower or returned from walking your dog with a clever idea or a solution to a problem you’d been struggling with, it may not be an unusual thing.
Rather than constantly wearing yourself out at a problem or desperately seeking a flash of inspiration, research from the last 15 years suggests that people may be more likely to have creative breakthroughs or insights when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t require much thought — an activity in which you’re basically on autopilot. This lets your mind wander or engage in spontaneous cognition or “stream of consciousness” thinking, which experts believe helps recollect unusual memories and generate new ideas.
“People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting, novel ideas at unexpected times because our cultural narrative tells us we should do it through hard work,” says Kalina Christoff, a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. “It’s a pretty universal human experience.”
Now we’re beginning to understand why these clever thoughts occur during more passive activities and what’s happening in the brain, says Christoff. The key, according to the latest research, is a pattern of brain activity — within what’s called the default mode network — that occurs while an individual is resting or performing habitual tasks that don’t require much attention.
Researchers have shown that the default mode network (DMN) — which connects more than a dozen regions of the brain — becomes more active during mind-wandering or passive tasks than when you’re doing something that demands focus. Simply put, the DMN is “the state the brain returns to when you’re not actively engaged,” explains Roger Beaty, a cognitive neuroscientist and director of the Cognitive Neuroscience of Creativity Lab at Penn State University. By contrast, when you’re trapped in a demanding task, the brain’s executive control systems keep your thinking focused, analytical, and logical.
A cautionary note: While the default mode network plays a key role in the creative process, “it’s not the only important network,” Beaty says. “Other networks come into play as far as modifying, rejecting, or implementing ideas.” So it’s unwise to place blind faith in ideas that are generated in the shower or during any other period of mind wandering.
37．When do people expect to get an innovative idea according to the research
A．When doing routine work.
B．When working attentively.
C．When tackling tough problems.
D．When desperately seeking inspirations.
38．What is the cultural perception for getting exciting, unusual ideas
A．Getting by good luck.
B．Getting by great efforts.
C．Getting by unexpected accident.
D．Getting by universal experience.
39．Who is most likely to get a novel idea
A．A student who is playing football.
B．A student who is focusing on papers.
C．A student who is closely monitoring his research.
D．A student who is fully engaged in math questions.
40．What does the last paragraph imply
A．We can get novel ideas by the default mode network.
B．We should take the idea popped in the shower seriously.
C．Believe in ideas that are generated by the default mode network.
D．Think twice before putting ideas playfully crossing your mind into practice.
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了获得最负盛名建筑奖的Anne Lacaton 和 Jean-Philippe Vassal，以及他们的建筑理念。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Lacaton and Vassal apply a belief—never destroy, never remove or replace, always add, transform, and reuse - to their work on old urban buildings. (拉卡顿和瓦塞尔在他们对旧城市建筑的研究中秉持着一种信念——永不破坏、永不移除或更换、始终添加、改造和重复使用。)”可知，第二段暗含了他俩的工作原则，故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“never destroy, never remove or replace, always add, transform, and reuse(永不破坏，永不移除或替换，始终添加，转换和重用)”以及第三段的“There’s a lot of violence in architecture. We try to be accurate. We try to work with kindness.(建筑中有很多暴力。我们尽量做到准确。我们努力用善意来工作。)”可知，他们在建筑工作中，更多的是改进，而不是拆掉建筑，故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“The solution was to surround the building with large outdoor terraces (露天平台), adding sliding glass doors to each unit, and remaking the exterior from concrete to something gleaming(闪光的), modern and alive.(解决方案是在建筑周围建造大型室外露台，为每个单元增加滑动玻璃门，并将混凝土外墙改造成闪闪发光、现代而有活力的东西。)”可知，通过描述 Lacaton 和 Vasss 对公共住房经过一些改进实现了修缮旧房屋的目的证明了改进老旧房屋的可能性。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It’s not the building. It’s the absence of social services and lack of repair to buildings that made living in public housing impossible for residents.(不是建筑本身的问题，而是社会服务的缺失和建筑维修的缺乏，使得居民无法住在公共住房里。)”可知，Wilson 认为人们拆掉旧房屋，是因为他们缺乏社会服务意识，故选C项。
5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们很容易对那些宣称可以减缓阿尔茨海默氏症(老年痴呆症中最常见的一种)病情发展的药物表示怀疑。然而，一种名为Lecanemab的新药可能是真正的药物。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug The others, a placebo. It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.”（该试验涉及1795名处于疾病早期阶段的参与者。一半人服用药物，另一半人服用安慰剂。这说明了两件事。其中之一是缓慢但可测量的进展。另一个是对阿尔茨海默症的一种解释叫做淀粉样蛋白假说似乎是正确的。）可知，我们可以从前两段中了解到并非所有参与者都服用了这种新药。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug). That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.”（淀粉样蛋白是阿尔茨海默氏症患者大脑中积聚的一种蛋白质，这是该疾病的一个明确迹象。Lecanemab含有一种特殊的抗体，被发现能够附着在淀粉样蛋白上，然后吸引免疫系统细胞将蛋白质清除掉(在接受该药物的患者中确实如此)。这表明淀粉样蛋白确实会直接导致与痴呆症相关的问题，而Lecanemab可以减缓疾病的发展。）可知，作者通过说明药物与体内淀粉样蛋白的相互作用来说明新药的有效性。故选A项。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants.”（此外，Lecanemab还导致一些参与者大脑肿胀和出血。）可知，它会引起一些副作用是新药的缺点。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.”（既然这种新药已被证明有效，就可以进行进一步的试验了。希望很快会有更多的好消息。）可推知，作者认为Lecanemab是有希望的。故选C项。
9．D 10．C 11．D 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章的作者是一名小学校长。她主要关注了学校教育的两个问题：老师怎样布置家庭作业？以及家长怎样帮助孩子迅速地完成作业？同时，作者用耐克的广告语“Just do it.”告诫父母们要鼓励女孩想做就做，不要有过多的顾虑。
9．主旨大意题。从第一段的第一句“I’ve always disliked the term homework.(我一直不喜欢家庭作业这个词)”可知，本段作者主要解释了为什么不喜欢家庭作业这个词。故选D。
10．细节理解题。从第二段的“A number of short tasks can be part of prep these days: a YouTube clip, a short film made by a teacher, a map or picture to look at.(如今，一些简短的任务可以成为预习工作的一部分：YouTube的一个片段，老师制作的短片，一张可供查看的地图或图片)”可知，预习新课的作业有很多方式，比如看视频，故选 C。
11．推理判断题。从第四段中“On tablets or PCs in use for homework, turn off the notifications or remove any apps you feel are a distraction.(在做作业的平板电脑或个人电脑上，关闭通知或删除任何让你分心的应用程序)”可知，家长们要给孩子创造一个安静、整洁、不受干扰的作业环境，因此作者会赞同：当孩子们在 Pad 或电脑上完成作业时，要关闭通知系统。故选D。
12．推理判断题。此篇文章使用了一人称，从整篇文章以及第二段中“At my school, we have kept the older name for homework(在我的学校，我们保留了家庭作业的旧名称)”可推知，作者可能是一名学校校长。故选A。
13．C 14．B 15．D 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冻成冰块冬眠的木蛙。这种具有超强耐冻能力的动物在冬眠时甚至连呼吸、心跳都停止了，看起来就像被冻死了，但一到春天，它们也会像其他冬眠动物一样苏醒过来。木蛙这种冬眠的方式的确对人类很有启发，比如在医学上应用于对人体器官的低温保存，让病人可以顺利进行器官移植，从而有更大几率存活下来。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“A college professor at my university years ago shocked his class with a frog. He showed off a wood frog that was still alive but frozen solid. Then suddenly, he threw it against a wall and it broke into pieces. Everyone took a quick deep breath. Moments later, he explained that he hadn’t actually thrown the frog. For dramatic effect he had switched the frog for a large piece of ice. But the goal was to illustrate a point: That a wood frog does in fact freeze as solid as ice to survive the winter.(几年前，我们大学的一位教授用一只青蛙震惊了全班。他展示了一只林蛙，它还活着，但已经冻成固体了。突然，他把它扔到墙上，它摔成了碎片。每个人都深深地吸了一口气。过了一会儿，他解释说他并没有把青蛙扔出去。为了产生戏剧效果，他把青蛙换成了一大块冰。但这个实验的目的是为了说明一个问题：木蛙为了过冬，确实会冻得像冰一样坚硬)”可知，大学教授要带一只青蛙去上课是为了告诉学生一些青蛙的事实。故选C。
14．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“But the goal was to illustrate a point: That a wood frog does in fact freeze as solid as ice to survive the winter.(但这个实验的目的是为了说明一个问题：木蛙为了过冬，确实会冻得像冰一样坚硬)”以及后文“again in the spring”可知，木蛙为了过冬，确实会冻得像冰一样坚硬。然后在春天再次复苏过来。故画线词意思是“复苏”。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段中“At the same time, the frog’s liver pumps out incredible amounts of glucose — a sugary liquid that acts like antifreeze for vital organs — that flows everywhere including the insides of cells to keep them from dying.(与此同时，青蛙的肝脏会排出大量的葡萄糖——一种含糖液体，对重要器官起防冻剂的作用——这些葡萄糖流动到包括细胞内部在内的所有地方，以防止它们死亡)”可知，含糖液体保护冻青蛙免于死亡。故选 D。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So we’ re trying to use the principles from wood frogs with high amounts of glucose and freeze a whole heart or other organ, keep it in suspended animation, safely awake it, and transplant it.(因此，我们正试图利用含有大量葡萄糖的木蛙的原理，冷冻整个心脏或其他器官，使其处于假死状态，安全地唤醒它，然后移植)”可知，Shannon Tessier 准备将木蛙原理运用到器官移植的技术中，因此一个接受心脏移植手术的人最有可能从这个原理中获益。故选 A。
17．A 18．C 19．B 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究结果表明昆虫的思维比人类想象的复杂。这项研究对于保护昆虫有很大的作用。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.(这种勤劳的昆虫可以在困难的时候改变自己的行为，现在一些科学家发现有证据表明它们也喜欢玩耍)”可知，新的研究表明蜜蜂喜欢玩耍。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话“In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free.(在这种情况下，为了摆脱外部因素，科学家们确保蜜蜂已经适应了他们的新家，并且他们的环境没有压力)”可推知，为了消除外部因素，他们让蜜蜂适应新家，让他们有了家的感觉，从而对环境感觉不到压力。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段 Lars Chittka说的话“This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物)and birds,(这项研究有力地表明，昆虫的思维远比我们想象的复杂。有很多动物只是为了享乐而玩耍，但大多数例子来自于年轻的哺乳动物和鸟类)”可知， Lars Chittka的话表明了昆虫的思维非常复杂。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段Samadi Galpay所说的话“This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more.(这一发现对我们理解昆虫的感觉和福利产生了影响，从而鼓励我们更加尊重和保护地球上的野生动物)”可知，该研究结果有助于保护地球上的野生动物。故选D。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了喝咖啡对我们身体的益处。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Published in 2015 in Circulation, a study of more than 200,000 participants followed for up to 30 years found that those who drank three to five cups of coffee a day, with or without caffeine, were 15 percent less likely to die early from all causes than those who escaped coffee.”（2015年发表在Circulation上的一项研究对20多万名参与者进行了长达30年的跟踪调查，结果发现，每天喝三到五杯咖啡的人，无论是否含咖啡因，死于各种疾病的可能性都比不喝咖啡的人低15%。）可知，根据文中提到的研究，我们可以了解到一天喝五杯含或不含咖啡因的咖啡可能对你有好处。故选B项。
22．主旨大意题。根据第三段关键句“They found that consumption of three to five standard cups of daily coffee may in fact reduce the risk of several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.”（他们发现，每天喝三到五杯标准咖啡实际上可以降低患多种慢性疾病的风险，包括2型糖尿病和心血管疾病。）可知，第3段的内容告诉我们每天喝三到五杯标准咖啡可以降低患多种慢性疾病的风险，由此可知，第3段的主要内容是告诉我们每天喝几杯咖啡可能会减少一些疾病。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“They found that consumption of three to five standard cups of daily coffee may in fact reduce the risk of several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.”（他们发现，每天喝三到五杯标准咖啡实际上可以降低患多种慢性疾病的风险，包括2型糖尿病和心血管疾病。）和最后一段关键句“Some of coffee’s other benefits come from polyphenols and antioxidants.”（咖啡的一些其他好处来自多酚和抗氧化剂。）可知，本文主要介绍了喝咖啡对我们身体的益处，由此可知，文章的重点是介绍咖啡的好处。故选A项。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“For those of us who can’t live without a morning cup, the latest assessments of the health effects of coffee are reassuring. Its consumption has been linked to a reduced risk of all kinds of diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, gallstones, cirrhosis, liver cancer, melanoma and prostate cancer.”（对于我们这些早晨不能不喝咖啡的人来说，咖啡对健康影响的最新评估令人放心。食用它可以降低患各种疾病的风险，包括帕金森氏病、心脏病、2型糖尿病、胆结石、肝硬化、癌症、黑色素瘤和前列腺癌症。）可知，本文主要介绍了喝咖啡对我们身体的益处，由此可知，文章与健康有关，我们最有可能在杂志的健康栏目找到这篇文章。故选C项。
25．C 26．B 27．D 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。打磨秋时，横杆上两端各有一或二人，交替蹬踏地面，使横杆上下起落旋转，同时，在杆上做回转翻滚，以腹贴杆四肢悬空，在旋转到地面时，进行一些技巧动作。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They need to use their strength from their belly or legs to keep balance on the pole while doing different postures.(他们需要利用腹部或腿部的力量，在做不同的姿势时保持在杆子上的平衡)”可得知他们需要在水平杆上保持平衡，故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“They need to use their strength from their belly or legs to keep balance on the pole while doing different postures.(他们需要利用腹部或腿部的力量，在做不同的姿势时保持在杆子上的平衡)”和第六段“Damoqiu as a professional sport also requires great effort and patience.(打磨秋作为一项职业运动也需要极大的努力和耐心)”可得知打磨秋需要努力，耐心和体力，故选B。
27．主旨大意题。根据第八段“As more and more young people leave villages to earn money in the big cities, they have less time to train on the pole and develop new postures. “It’s a pity that damoqiu is disappearing from the competitive stage now.” said Li, adding that he has only had five disciples in training for many years.(随着越来越多的年轻人离开农村到大城市赚钱，他们很少有时间训练打磨秋，培养新的姿势。“很遗憾，打磨秋现在正在从竞争舞台上消失。”李说，并补充说，他多年来只有5名弟子在训练)”可推知，这一段在讲打磨秋正在竞争舞台上消逝的原因，故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Li not only teaches it in schools voluntarily, but also performs in many competitions to show the sport’s charm to audiences.(李不仅在学校里自愿教授这项运动，还在许多比赛中表演，向观众展示这项运动的魅力)”可得出李通过参与表演和在学校自愿教学去推动“打磨秋”活动的普及。故选B。
29．A 30．B 31．D 32．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。通过对活着的和已灭绝的企鹅的基因进行研究，研究者们发现了企鹅是如何从6000万年前的飞行祖先进化成今天优秀的游泳者的。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The research provides new findings about the genetic basis for penguin evolution and its adaptation to the environments in oceans.(这项研究为企鹅进化的遗传基础及其对海洋环境的适应提供了新的发现。)”和第三段第二句“The ancestor of penguins appeared about 14 million years ago, after which global climate changes drove the penguin volution and contributed to the formation of new species, said lead researcher Zhang Guojie from Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.(来自中国科学院昆明动物研究所的首席研究员张国杰说，企鹅的祖先出现在大约1400万年前，之后全球气候变化推动了企鹅的进化，并促成了新物种的形成。)”可知，企鹅的祖先是随着气候的变化而逐渐进化为可以游泳的新物种。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第二句“It suggests that the extreme Antarctic environment put greater environmental stress on penguins and sped up the adaptation of the high-latitude species to extreme environments.(这表明极端的南极环境给企鹅带来了更大的环境压力，加速了高纬度物种对极端环境的适应。)”可知，高海拔地区的企鹅进化得更快，主要是因为极端寒冷的气候环境。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They also demonstrated that penguins have adapted to an ever-changing world during the past 60 million years, so there is no need to worry about how the species respond to future climate changes.(他们还证明，在过去的6000万年里，企鹅已经适应了一个不断变化的世界，所以没有必要担心这个物种如何应对未来的气候变化。)”可知，研究者们对企鹅的未来持有乐观的态度。故选D项。
32．推理判断题。结合全文，尤其是第一段“A China-led research team has completed a genetic study on penguin species to understand how they evolved from their flying ancestors 60 million years ago into the excellent swimmers today.(中国领导的一个研究小组完成了一项关于企鹅物种的基因研究，以了解它们是如何从6000万年前的飞行祖先进化成今天优秀的游泳者的。)”可知，这项研究主要集中于研究企鹅是如何进化以适应气候的变化的。故选B项。
33．B 34．D 35．A 36．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们正在研发植物肉，说明了背后的原因以及存在的问题。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And it turns out that raising animals for human consumption is among the worst things we do to the environment. Depending on the animal, producing a pound of meat protein with Westem industrialized methods needs 4 to 25 times more water, 6 to 17 times more land, and 6 to 20 times more fossil fuels than producing a pound of plant protein.(事实证明，饲养动物供人类食用是我们对环境做的最糟糕的事情之一。根据不同的动物，用西方工业化的方法生产一磅肉蛋白需要比生产一磅植物蛋白多4到25倍的水，6到17倍的土地和6到20倍的化石燃料)”可知，引进实验室培育的植物肉是为了减少对环境的破坏。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段“One shortcoming of lab-grown meat is that the environmental benefits are still small-a recent World Economic Forum report says the emissions from lab-grown meat would be only around 7％ less than emissions from beef production.(实验室培育肉类的一个缺点是环境效益仍然很小——世界经济论坛最近的一份报告称，实验室培育肉类的排放量只比牛肉生产的排放量少7%左右)”可知，实验室培育的肉类对环境的破坏仍然很大。故选D。
35．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“A better environmental case can be made for plant-based meats from companies like Beyond Meat Foods, which use pea proteins, wheat, potatoes, and plant oils to”以及后文“the real taste of animal meat”可知，Beyond Meat Foods等公司生产的植物性肉类可以更好地保护环境，他们使用豌豆蛋白、小麦、土豆和植物油来模仿动物肉的真实味道。故画线词意思是“复制”。故选A。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段“Both lab-grown and plant-based alternatives are close to the taste and nutritional value of real meat without environmental damage.(实验室培育的和植物性的替代品都接近于真正肉类的味道和营养价值，而不会对环境造成破坏)”结合文章主要介绍了人们正在研发植物肉，说明了背后的原因以及存在的问题可推知，文章选自科学杂志。故选C。
37．A 38．B 39．A 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。 研究表明人们在做一项不需要太多思考的习惯性任务时可能更有可能获得创造性突破或洞察力。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段“Rather than constantly wearing yourself out at a problem or desperately seeking a flash of inspiration, research from the last 15 years suggests that people may be more likely to have creative breakthroughs or insights when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t require much thought — an activity in which you’re basically on autopilot.(过去15年的研究表明，当人们在做一项不需要太多思考的习惯性任务时（基本上处于自动驾驶状态），而不是不断地在一个问题上让自己筋疲力尽或拼命寻找灵感闪现时，他们可能更有可能获得创造性突破或洞察力)”可知，根据研究，人们预期会在日常工作的时候能得到一个创新的想法。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段““People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting, novel ideas at unexpected times because our cultural narrative tells us we should do it through hard work,” says Kalina Christoff, a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. (“当人们意识到他们在意想不到的时候得到了有趣、新颖的想法时，他们总是感到惊讶，因为我们的文化叙事告诉我们，我们应该通过努力工作来实现它，”温哥华不列颠哥伦比亚大学的认知神经科学家Kalina Christoff说) ”可知，获得令人兴奋的、不寻常的想法的文化观念是努力获得。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据第四段“Now we’re beginning to understand why these clever thoughts occur during more passive activities and what’s happening in the brain, says Christoff. The key, according to the latest research, is a pattern of brain activity — within what’s called the default mode network — that occurs while an individual is resting or performing habitual tasks that don’t require much attention.(克里斯托夫说，现在我们开始理解为什么这些聪明的想法会在更被动的活动中出现，以及大脑中发生了什么。根据最新的研究，关键在于大脑活动的一种模式，即所谓的默认模式网络，它发生在一个人休息或执行不需要太多注意力的习惯性任务时)”和倒数第二段“Researchers have shown that the default mode network (DMN) — which connects more than a dozen regions of the brain — becomes more active during mind-wandering or passive tasks than when you’re doing something that demands focus.(研究人员已经证明，连接大脑十多个区域的默认模式网络(DMN)在走神或做被动任务时比你在做需要集中注意力的事情时更活跃)”可推知，一个正在踢足球的学生最有可能得到一个新奇的想法。故选A。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A cautionary note: While the default mode network plays a key role in the creative process, “it’s not the only important network,” Beaty says. “Other networks come into play as far as modifying, rejecting, or implementing ideas.” So it’s unwise to place blind faith in ideas that are generated in the shower or during any other period of mind wandering.(注意事项：虽然默认模式网络在创作过程中发挥着关键作用，但“它并不是唯一重要的网络，”Beat说。“其他网络也会在修改、拒绝或实施想法方面发挥作用。”因此，盲目相信洗澡时或其他走神时产生的想法是不明智的)”可推知，虽然默认模式网络在创作过程中发挥着关键作用，但“它并不是唯一重要的网络”，所以我们在把脑海中好玩的想法付诸实践前要三思。故选D。
（2023·湖北·高三统考一模）Anne Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal, this year’s winners of the most famous award in architecture, are as surprised as anyone else. “Of course, we are very pleased,” Lacaton said. She and her partner smiled broadly.
Putting aside their wearing eyeglasses, Lacaton and Vassal could not be more different from an earlier generation of “architects”. Lacaton and Vassal apply a belief—never destroy, never remove or replace, always add, transform, and reuse - to their work on old urban buildings. Designs by Lacaton and Vassal have focused on perfecting low-income housing complexes, beautifully and functionally, while respecting — rather than displacing- the people who live there.
“Buildings are beautiful when people feel well in them,“ Lacaton explained. “When the light inside is beautiful and the air is pleasant, when the exchange with the outside seems easy and gentle, and when uses and sensations are unexpected.” Vassal added, “There’s a lot of violence in architecture. We try to be accurate. We try to work with kindness.” perfecting low-income housing complexes, beautifully and functionally, while respecting — rather than displacing- the people who live there.
When Lacaton and Vassal were asked to redesign a particularly large and ugly public housing building in Bordeaux in 2017, the residents told them they did not want to move, even temporarily, but that they wanted bigger units. The solution was to surround the building with large outdoor terraces (露天平台), adding sliding glass doors to each unit, and remaking the exterior from concrete to something gleaming(闪光的), modern and alive. Suddenly, everyone had roomy outdoor space, some of which was enclosed to be used during the winter as “winter gardens”.
“Their approach of cost-effective, creative readaption could be a model for urban planning in the U.S., where destruction’s been seen as a method of solving the worsening public housing in such cities as Chicago and St.Louis,” architecture professor Mabel 0. Wilson says. “And granted, there’s a host of other issues as to why that happened. It’s not the building. It’s the absence of social services and lack of repair to buildings that made living in public housing impossible for residents.
1．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about Lacaton and Vassal
A．Their housing standard. B．Their working principle.
C．Their living conditions. D．Their wearing style.
2．What do Lacaton and Vassal seek to do in their architecture work
A．Rebuild old houses precisely.
B．Displace the settlers with great kindness.
C．Improve rather than knock down old buildings.
D．Extend space for people as much as possible.
3．Why does the author mention the public housing building in Bordeaux
A．To stress the importance of winter gardens.
B．To show the violence in tearing down buildings.
C．To reflect the cost of readapting houses.
D．To prove the possibility of improving old houses.
4．Why do people tend to knock down the worsening public housing, according to Wilson
A．It saves the cost effectively.
B．It makes room for new creative buildings.
C．They lack awareness of social services.
D．There is no need to repair these buildings.
（2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测）It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia(痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however, may be the real deal Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine(November; 2022). After18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug The others, a placebo(安慰剂). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis(淀粉样蛋白假说) seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
5．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A．The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimers.
B．All participants didn’t receive the new drug.
C．The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants.
D．It took 18 months to make the new drug.
6．The author explains the effectiveness of the new drug by _______.
A．illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body
B．describing how immune-system works in detail
C．making comparisons between two groups of participants
D．quoting the comments of other scientists
7．Which of the following is a drawback of the new drug
A．It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment.
B．It can cause some side-effects.
C．It costs too much for ordinary families.
D．It needs to be further tested before its launch.
8．What does the author think of Lecanemab
A．Reliable. B．Groundbreaking
C．Promising D．Risky.
（2023·湖北·高三统考一模）I’ve always disliked the term homework. Surely home is where we rest, refresh, recreate — in the truest sense, it’s where we don’t work. What sort of message have we sent our young people all these years by requiring them to work not only at school but at home No wonder they don’t prefer homework.
At my school, we have kept the older name for homework: prep (or to use the full name and highlight its true purpose: preparation). Prep is designed to help children prepare for the next lesson. A number of short tasks can be part of prep these days: a YouTube clip, a short film made by a teacher, a map or picture to look at. Something visual often suits the child who, by the end of a busy school day, is mentally tired.
Prep can still consist of consolidation exercises but based on past experience, a practical method should be that these are not as many as to be demanding and should be adjusted to suit the child’s needs. Some written work maybe requested but I would hope that it would be a short piece or even a sample paragraph. “Write an essay...” comes with strings attached and usually takes rather longer than the prep time needed.
Ensure that a child’s workspace at home is tidy, quiet and uninterrupted by devices that are not being used for study. On tablets or PCs in use for homework, turn off the notifications or remove any apps you feel are a distraction. Keep an eye on, but not a physical presence in, the workspace until you know your child is truly self-sufficient in terms of focus and pace of work.
Finally, I advise parents to coach children in the Nike approach: “Just do it.” In truth this is generally more favoured by boys than girls, who love wasting time arranging the many coloured pens and crisp stationery. Help your daughter release her inner boy, grab a pen, get the work done, cross out errors with one straight line so that the teacher can see the thought process, finish, pack the bag for tomorrow, and go out to play!
9．What’s the main idea of the first paragraph
A．To explain what home is.
B．To explain what homework is.
C．To explain why children don’t like homework.
D．To explain why the author doesn’t like the term homework.
10．What can be part of preparation
A．Making a map. B．Clipping a picture.
C．Watching a short video. D．Shooting a short film.
11．According to the passage, which of the following may the author approve of
A．Writing a long essay can be part of preparation.
B．Keep an eye on and stay with children until their work is done.
C．Preparation can be homework but consolidation exercises cannot.
D．Turn off the notifications when children do homework on tablets or PCs.
12．What does the author probably do
A．A principal B．A photographer
C．A parent D．An official
（2023·安徽淮北·统考一模）A college professor at my university years ago shocked his class with a frog. He showed off a wood frog that was still alive but frozen solid. Then suddenly, he threw it against a wall and it broke into pieces. Everyone took a quick deep breath. Moments later, he explained that he hadn’t actually thrown the frog. For dramatic effect he had switched the frog for a large piece of ice. But the goal was to illustrate a point: That a wood frog does in fact freeze as solid as ice to survive the winter. Then it thaws again in the spring.
The wood frog is one of the most frequently studied animals on Earth that freezes. First, it’s liquid, it’s hopping around, then ice comes on it from the outside. Its skin gets frozen a little bit, its eyes glaze over, its brain freezes, and ice pushes blood to the frog’s heart before eventually that, too, is rock solid. This transition requires major changes in biochemistry. Ice slowly forms around the outside of organs and cells. At the same time, the frog’s liver pumps out incredible amounts of glucose — a sugary liquid that acts like antifreeze for vital organs — that flows everywhere including the insides of cells to keep them from dying.
But true supercooling in nature — and especially with human organs — comes with risks, says Shannon Tessier, an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School who studies how suspended animation in nature can translate to human organ transplants.
Wood frogs and other animals that survive extreme conditions in nature have many applications in medicine, especially in the world of organ transplants, Tessier says. A human heart, for example, can only exist outside the body for about four hours. “So we’re trying to use the principles from wood frogs with high amounts of glucose and freeze a whole heart or other organ, keep it in suspended animation, safely awake it, and transplant it.”
13．Why did the college professor take a frog to the class
A．To show off his amazing pet. B．To switch a piece of ice with it.
C．To tell students some frog facts. D．To conduct a special experiment.
14．What does the underlined word “thaws” mean in paragraph 1
A．Freezes itself. B．Comes to life. C．Becomes warm. D．Turns back into water.
15．What protects the frozen frog from dying
A．Its icy cell. B．Its vital organ. C．Its warm blood. D．Its sugary liquid.
16．Who will probably benefit from the frog’s principles according to Shannon Tessier
A．The one who has to take a heart transplant operation.
B．The one who is applying for the Harvard Medical School.
C．The one who works on the development of a new medicine.
D．The one who plans to experience extreme conditions in nature.
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）When put to tests, bees have long proved that they’ve got a lot more to offer than pollinating (授粉) , making honey and being loyal to a queen. The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London performed an experiment, in which they set up a container that allowed bees to travel from their nest to a feeding area. But along the way, the bees could choose to pass through a separate section with some small wooden balls. Over 18 days, the scientists watched as the bees “went out of their way to roll wooden balls repeatedly, despite no apparent incentive (刺激)to do so. ”
Earlier studies have shown that the black and yellow bugs are willing to learn new tricks in exchange for food or other rewards. In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free.
The finding suggests that like humans, insects also interact with objects as a form of play. Also similar to people, younger bees seem to be more playful than adult bees. “This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物) and birds,” said Lars Chittka, a professor of sensory and behavioral ecology at Queen Mary University of London, who led the study.
The study’s first author, Samadi Galpay, who is a PhD student at Queen Mary University of London, states that it is more evident that bees may be capable of experiencing feelings. “They may actually experience some kind of positive emotional states, even if basic, like other larger animals do. This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more,” she says.
17．What is the new finding about bees
A．They are fond of having fun.
B．They are faithful to the queen.
C．They are adaptable to changes.
D．They are skilled at rolling balls.
18．How did scientists remove external influences in the experiment
A．By teaching bees new tricks.
B．By rewarding bees with food.
C．By making bees feel at home.
D．By building new homes for bees.
19．What are Lars Chittka’s words mainly about
A．The forms of bees’ interaction.
B．The complexity of bees’ minds.
C．The examples of mammals’ play.
D．The purpose of mammals’ enjoyment.
20．What does Samadi Galpay say about the study result
A．It backs up prior understanding of insects.
B．It reveals reasons for bees’ positive feelings.
C．It drives research on animals’ emotional state.
D．It contributes to wildlife conservation on Earth.
（2023·云南·云南师大附中校考模拟预测）For those of us who can’t live without a morning cup, the latest assessments of the health effects of coffee are reassuring. Its consumption has been linked to a reduced risk of all kinds of diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, gallstones, cirrhosis, liver cancer, melanoma and prostate cancer.
In fact, in numerous studies conducted throughout the world, consuming four or five 250 ml cups of coffee a day has been associated with reduced death rates. Published in 2015 in Circulation, a study of more than 200,000 participants followed for up to 30 years found that those who drank three to five cups of coffee a day, with or without caffeine, were 15 percent less likely to die early from all causes than those who escaped coffee.
As a report published in 2020 by researchers at the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health concluded, although current evidence may not warrant (保证) recommending coffee or caffeine to prevent disease, for most people drinking coffee in moderation “can be part of a healthy lifestyle”. They found that consumption of three to five standard cups of daily coffee may in fact reduce the risk of several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
It wasn’t always this way. Aside from the many health conditions coffee has been thought to cause, in 1991 it was even listed by the World Health Organization as a possible carcinogen (致癌物). But in some of the now-discredited studies, it was smoking, not coffee drinking that was responsible for the purported carcinogen hazard.
That’s not to say coffee warrants a totally clean bill of health. The most common ill effect associated with it is sleep disturbance. While Dr. Willett says “you don’t have to get to zero consumption to minimize the impact on sleep,” he acknowledges that a person’s sensitivity to caffeine likely increases with age. Some sleep well after drinking caffeinated coffee at dinner while others have trouble sleeping if they have coffee at lunch.
Some of coffee’s other benefits come from polyphenols and antioxidants. Polyphenols can inhibit (抑制) the growth of cancer cells and, lower the risk of type 2 diabetes; antioxidants, which have anti-inflammatory effects, can counter heart disease and cancer.
21．What can we learn about caffeine according to the studies mentioned in the passage
A．Three cups of coffee a day with caffeine may make you die early.
B．Five cups of coffee a day with or without caffeine may do good to you.
C．Young men get more sensitive to caffeine than the elders.
D．There is no different sensitivity to caffeine between the young and old.
22．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The more coffee people drink, the healthier they are.
B．Scientists guarantee people healthier if they drink coffee.
C．A few cups of daily coffee is likely to reduce some diseases.
D．People are urged to drink 3 to 5 cups of coffee per day.
23．What does the passage focus on
A．The benefits of coffee. B．The side effects of coffee.
C．The origin of coffee. D．The development of coffee.
24．In which column of a magazine can we most probably find the text
A．Nature. B．History.
C．Health. D．Business.
（2023秋·江西·高三校联考一模）A first look may make you think it is a seesaw. But people of the Yi ethnic group will tell you it’s completely different and it can be used for a competitive sport.
“Damoqiu is a traditional sport and celebration during festivals,” said Li Jingming, an inheritor of damoqiu. “I started playing at the age of 5 years old.”
Li said that the seesaw-like equipment for damoqiu is made up of two poles. One stands up on the ground with a height of 1.5 meters and the other 5-meter pole with a small hole in the middle lies horizontally on it, connecting with it through the small hole. When playing, one or two performers sit or crawl on each side of the horizontal pole. They need to use their strength from their belly or legs to keep balance on the pole while doing different postures. Due to its complexity, damoqiu was listed in 2016 as an intangible cultural heritage in Longlin county, Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region.
“Many people simply play damoqiu for fun,” said 61-year -old Li. “Yet, taking it as a professional sport is more a game of bravery.”
According to Li, since the horizontal pole only hangs on the standing pole, it’s always spinning, making it hard for performers to keep balance. “If you’re lacking in strength, it’s easy to tilt and you may even slip down from the pole. Sometimes, it’s even dangerous,” added Li.
Damoqiu as a professional sport also requires great effort and patience.
Li recalled that training for a new posture sometimes requires several days. “Repetition is part of our daily routine. Though it’s dull, it requires our effort to keep the tradition alive.” Li said.
As more and more young people leave villages to earn money in the big cities, they have less time to train on the pole and develop new postures. “It’s a pity that damoqiu is disappearing from the competitive stage now.” said Li, adding that he has only had five disciples in training for many years.
To make damoqiu accessible to more people, Li not only teaches it in schools voluntarily, but also performs in many competitions to show the sport’s charm to audiences.
25．What do we know about damoqiu
A．It is a traditional sport in Northwest China.
B．It requires at least three people to play
C．People have to keep balance on the horizontal pole.
D．It was recognized as an intangible cultural heritage in 2006.
26．What does Li think is important for playing damogiu as a professional sport
A．Passion and good athletic ability. B．Great effort, patience and strength.
C．Patience, creativity and energy. D．Strength and relevant previous experience.
27．What is paragraph 8 mainly about
A．Young people’s views on damoqiu. B．The reasons why young people have less time to train.
C．The current development of damoqiu. D．The difficulties of passing down damoqiu
28．How does Li promote damoqiu
A．By writing a book on it. B．By performing it in many competitions.
C．By making it an elective course in local schools. D．By introducing and teaching it to people online.
（2022秋·湖南益阳·高三统考一模）A China-led research team has completed a genetic study on penguin species to understand how they evolved from their flying ancestors 60 million years ago into the excellent swimmers today.
The study analyzed the genes of all living penguins and those that had died out, alongside their fossil data. The research provides new findings about the genetic basis for penguin evolution and its adaptation to the environments in oceans.
The study confirmed that ancient penguins originated in Zealandia, which used to be a continent in the South Pacific Ocean, about 65 million years ago. The ancestor of penguins appeared about 14 million years ago, after which global climate changes drove the penguin evolution and contributed to the formation of new species, said lead researcher Zhang Guojie from Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
It also identified a series of genes that allow the bird to live both on land and in water. Over 60 million years, penguins have gradually become smaller in size, and they have evolved to be more suitable for the new environments, according to Zhang.
Researchers in the study also discovered that penguins at high latitudes (纬度), such as emperor penguins, had evolved much faster than those at low latitudes. It suggests that the extreme Antarctic environment put greater environmental stress on penguins and sped up the adaptation of the high-latitude species to extreme environments.
These findings help to understand which genes contributed to the penguin adaptations to oceans and extreme cold environments on Earth, Zhang said.
“They also demonstrated that penguins have adapted to an ever-changing world during the past 60 million years, so there is no need to worry about how the species respond to future climate changes.”
29．What do we know about the ancestors of penguins
A．They evolved because of climate changes.
B．They disappeared about 14 million years ago.
C．They were smaller in size than penguins today.
D．They were excellent swimmers 65 million years ago.
30．What is the main reason for penguins at high latitudes to evolve faster
A．The small size of penguins.
B．The extreme cold environments.
C．The stress from other species.
D．The ever-changing environment.
31．What is the researchers’ attitude towards the penguins in the future
A．Negative. B．Doubtful. C．Uncaring. D．Optimistic.
32．What did the research focus on
A．How climate changes made penguins learn to fly.
B．How penguins evolved to adapt to new environment.
C．How human activities influenced penguins’ evolution.
D．How penguins began to live in water 14 million years ago.
（2023·陕西咸阳·统考一模）Both lab-grown and plant-based alternatives are close to the taste and nutritional value of real meat without environmental damage.
The UN expects the world to have 9. 8 billion people by 2050. By that date, according to the predictions, humans will consume 70% more meat than they did in 2005. And it turns out that raising animals for human consumption is among the worst things we do to the environment. Depending on the animal, producing a pound of meat protein with Westem industrialized methods needs 4 to 25 times more water, 6 to 17 times more land, and 6 to 20 times more fossil fuels than producing a pound of plant protein. The problem is that people aren’t likely to stop eating meat anytime soon. This means lab-grown and plant-based alternatives might be the best way to limit the damage.
Making lab-grown meat involves getting muscle tissue from animals and growing it in bioreactors. The end product looks much like what you’d get from an animal, although researchers are still working on the taste. Researchers at Maastricht University, who are working to produce lab-grown meat at scale, believe they’ll have a lab-grown burger available by next year. One shortcoming of lab-grown meat is that the environmental benefits are still small-a recent World Economic Forum report says the emissions from lab-grown meat would be only around 7％ less than emissions from beef production.
A better environmental case can be made for plant-based meats from companies like Beyond Meat Foods, which use pea proteins, wheat, potatoes, and plant oils to mimic the real taste of animal meat. According to an analysis by the Center for Sustainable Systems at the University of Michigan, a Beyond Meat pie would probably generate 90% less greenhouse-gas emissions than a traditional burger made from a cow.
33．Why were lab-grown and plant-based meat introduced
A．To eat more tasty and delicious meat. B．To reduce damage to the environment.
C．To have as much protein as people can. D．To rid the world of severe hunger problems.
34．What can we learn about lab-grown meat from Paragraph 3
A．Making lab-grown meat involves killing animals first.
B．Consuming lab-grown meat can be realized next year.
C．The cost of lab-grown beef is 7% cheaper than real beef.
D．The damage of lab-grown meat to the environment is still big.
35．What does the underlined word “mimic” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Copy. B．Ruin. C．Change. D．Sell.
36．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A science magazine. D．A course plan.
（2023春·重庆·高三统考一模）If you’ve ever emerged from the shower or returned from walking your dog with a clever idea or a solution to a problem you’d been struggling with, it may not be an unusual thing.
Rather than constantly wearing yourself out at a problem or desperately seeking a flash of inspiration, research from the last 15 years suggests that people may be more likely to have creative breakthroughs or insights when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t require much thought — an activity in which you’re basically on autopilot. This lets your mind wander or engage in spontaneous cognition or “stream of consciousness” thinking, which experts believe helps recollect unusual memories and generate new ideas.
“People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting, novel ideas at unexpected times because our cultural narrative tells us we should do it through hard work,” says Kalina Christoff, a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. “It’s a pretty universal human experience.”
Now we’re beginning to understand why these clever thoughts occur during more passive activities and what’s happening in the brain, says Christoff. The key, according to the latest research, is a pattern of brain activity — within what’s called the default mode network — that occurs while an individual is resting or performing habitual tasks that don’t require much attention.
Researchers have shown that the default mode network (DMN) — which connects more than a dozen regions of the brain — becomes more active during mind-wandering or passive tasks than when you’re doing something that demands focus. Simply put, the DMN is “the state the brain returns to when you’re not actively engaged,” explains Roger Beaty, a cognitive neuroscientist and director of the Cognitive Neuroscience of Creativity Lab at Penn State University. By contrast, when you’re trapped in a demanding task, the brain’s executive control systems keep your thinking focused, analytical, and logical.
A cautionary note: While the default mode network plays a key role in the creative process, “it’s not the only important network,” Beaty says. “Other networks come into play as far as modifying, rejecting, or implementing ideas.” So it’s unwise to place blind faith in ideas that are generated in the shower or during any other period of mind wandering.
37．When do people expect to get an innovative idea according to the research
A．When doing routine work.
B．When working attentively.
C．When tackling tough problems.
D．When desperately seeking inspirations.
38．What is the cultural perception for getting exciting, unusual ideas
A．Getting by good luck.
B．Getting by great efforts.
C．Getting by unexpected accident.
D．Getting by universal experience.
39．Who is most likely to get a novel idea
A．A student who is playing football.
B．A student who is focusing on papers.
C．A student who is closely monitoring his research.
D．A student who is fully engaged in math questions.
40．What does the last paragraph imply
A．We can get novel ideas by the default mode network.
B．We should take the idea popped in the shower seriously.
C．Believe in ideas that are generated by the default mode network.
D．Think twice before putting ideas playfully crossing your mind into practice.
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了获得最负盛名建筑奖的Anne Lacaton 和 Jean-Philippe Vassal，以及他们的建筑理念。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Lacaton and Vassal apply a belief—never destroy, never remove or replace, always add, transform, and reuse - to their work on old urban buildings. (拉卡顿和瓦塞尔在他们对旧城市建筑的研究中秉持着一种信念——永不破坏、永不移除或更换、始终添加、改造和重复使用。)”可知，第二段暗含了他俩的工作原则，故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段的“never destroy, never remove or replace, always add, transform, and reuse(永不破坏，永不移除或替换，始终添加，转换和重用)”以及第三段的“There’s a lot of violence in architecture. We try to be accurate. We try to work with kindness.(建筑中有很多暴力。我们尽量做到准确。我们努力用善意来工作。)”可知，他们在建筑工作中，更多的是改进，而不是拆掉建筑，故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“The solution was to surround the building with large outdoor terraces (露天平台), adding sliding glass doors to each unit, and remaking the exterior from concrete to something gleaming(闪光的), modern and alive.(解决方案是在建筑周围建造大型室外露台，为每个单元增加滑动玻璃门，并将混凝土外墙改造成闪闪发光、现代而有活力的东西。)”可知，通过描述 Lacaton 和 Vasss 对公共住房经过一些改进实现了修缮旧房屋的目的证明了改进老旧房屋的可能性。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“It’s not the building. It’s the absence of social services and lack of repair to buildings that made living in public housing impossible for residents.(不是建筑本身的问题，而是社会服务的缺失和建筑维修的缺乏，使得居民无法住在公共住房里。)”可知，Wilson 认为人们拆掉旧房屋，是因为他们缺乏社会服务意识，故选C项。
5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们很容易对那些宣称可以减缓阿尔茨海默氏症(老年痴呆症中最常见的一种)病情发展的药物表示怀疑。然而，一种名为Lecanemab的新药可能是真正的药物。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug The others, a placebo. It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.”（该试验涉及1795名处于疾病早期阶段的参与者。一半人服用药物，另一半人服用安慰剂。这说明了两件事。其中之一是缓慢但可测量的进展。另一个是对阿尔茨海默症的一种解释叫做淀粉样蛋白假说似乎是正确的。）可知，我们可以从前两段中了解到并非所有参与者都服用了这种新药。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Amyloid is a protein which accumulates in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug). That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.”（淀粉样蛋白是阿尔茨海默氏症患者大脑中积聚的一种蛋白质，这是该疾病的一个明确迹象。Lecanemab含有一种特殊的抗体，被发现能够附着在淀粉样蛋白上，然后吸引免疫系统细胞将蛋白质清除掉(在接受该药物的患者中确实如此)。这表明淀粉样蛋白确实会直接导致与痴呆症相关的问题，而Lecanemab可以减缓疾病的发展。）可知，作者通过说明药物与体内淀粉样蛋白的相互作用来说明新药的有效性。故选A项。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants.”（此外，Lecanemab还导致一些参与者大脑肿胀和出血。）可知，它会引起一些副作用是新药的缺点。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.”（既然这种新药已被证明有效，就可以进行进一步的试验了。希望很快会有更多的好消息。）可推知，作者认为Lecanemab是有希望的。故选C项。
9．D 10．C 11．D 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章的作者是一名小学校长。她主要关注了学校教育的两个问题：老师怎样布置家庭作业？以及家长怎样帮助孩子迅速地完成作业？同时，作者用耐克的广告语“Just do it.”告诫父母们要鼓励女孩想做就做，不要有过多的顾虑。
9．主旨大意题。从第一段的第一句“I’ve always disliked the term homework.(我一直不喜欢家庭作业这个词)”可知，本段作者主要解释了为什么不喜欢家庭作业这个词。故选D。
10．细节理解题。从第二段的“A number of short tasks can be part of prep these days: a YouTube clip, a short film made by a teacher, a map or picture to look at.(如今，一些简短的任务可以成为预习工作的一部分：YouTube的一个片段，老师制作的短片，一张可供查看的地图或图片)”可知，预习新课的作业有很多方式，比如看视频，故选 C。
11．推理判断题。从第四段中“On tablets or PCs in use for homework, turn off the notifications or remove any apps you feel are a distraction.(在做作业的平板电脑或个人电脑上，关闭通知或删除任何让你分心的应用程序)”可知，家长们要给孩子创造一个安静、整洁、不受干扰的作业环境，因此作者会赞同：当孩子们在 Pad 或电脑上完成作业时，要关闭通知系统。故选D。
12．推理判断题。此篇文章使用了一人称，从整篇文章以及第二段中“At my school, we have kept the older name for homework(在我的学校，我们保留了家庭作业的旧名称)”可推知，作者可能是一名学校校长。故选A。
13．C 14．B 15．D 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冻成冰块冬眠的木蛙。这种具有超强耐冻能力的动物在冬眠时甚至连呼吸、心跳都停止了，看起来就像被冻死了，但一到春天，它们也会像其他冬眠动物一样苏醒过来。木蛙这种冬眠的方式的确对人类很有启发，比如在医学上应用于对人体器官的低温保存，让病人可以顺利进行器官移植，从而有更大几率存活下来。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“A college professor at my university years ago shocked his class with a frog. He showed off a wood frog that was still alive but frozen solid. Then suddenly, he threw it against a wall and it broke into pieces. Everyone took a quick deep breath. Moments later, he explained that he hadn’t actually thrown the frog. For dramatic effect he had switched the frog for a large piece of ice. But the goal was to illustrate a point: That a wood frog does in fact freeze as solid as ice to survive the winter.(几年前，我们大学的一位教授用一只青蛙震惊了全班。他展示了一只林蛙，它还活着，但已经冻成固体了。突然，他把它扔到墙上，它摔成了碎片。每个人都深深地吸了一口气。过了一会儿，他解释说他并没有把青蛙扔出去。为了产生戏剧效果，他把青蛙换成了一大块冰。但这个实验的目的是为了说明一个问题：木蛙为了过冬，确实会冻得像冰一样坚硬)”可知，大学教授要带一只青蛙去上课是为了告诉学生一些青蛙的事实。故选C。
14．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“But the goal was to illustrate a point: That a wood frog does in fact freeze as solid as ice to survive the winter.(但这个实验的目的是为了说明一个问题：木蛙为了过冬，确实会冻得像冰一样坚硬)”以及后文“again in the spring”可知，木蛙为了过冬，确实会冻得像冰一样坚硬。然后在春天再次复苏过来。故画线词意思是“复苏”。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段中“At the same time, the frog’s liver pumps out incredible amounts of glucose — a sugary liquid that acts like antifreeze for vital organs — that flows everywhere including the insides of cells to keep them from dying.(与此同时，青蛙的肝脏会排出大量的葡萄糖——一种含糖液体，对重要器官起防冻剂的作用——这些葡萄糖流动到包括细胞内部在内的所有地方，以防止它们死亡)”可知，含糖液体保护冻青蛙免于死亡。故选 D。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“So we’ re trying to use the principles from wood frogs with high amounts of glucose and freeze a whole heart or other organ, keep it in suspended animation, safely awake it, and transplant it.(因此，我们正试图利用含有大量葡萄糖的木蛙的原理，冷冻整个心脏或其他器官，使其处于假死状态，安全地唤醒它，然后移植)”可知，Shannon Tessier 准备将木蛙原理运用到器官移植的技术中，因此一个接受心脏移植手术的人最有可能从这个原理中获益。故选 A。
17．A 18．C 19．B 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究结果表明昆虫的思维比人类想象的复杂。这项研究对于保护昆虫有很大的作用。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“The hard-working insects can change their behavior when things seem difficult, and now some scientists find there is proof that they also like to play.(这种勤劳的昆虫可以在困难的时候改变自己的行为，现在一些科学家发现有证据表明它们也喜欢玩耍)”可知，新的研究表明蜜蜂喜欢玩耍。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话“In this case, to get rid of external factors, scientists made sure the bees had adapted to their new home and that their environment was stress-free.(在这种情况下，为了摆脱外部因素，科学家们确保蜜蜂已经适应了他们的新家，并且他们的环境没有压力)”可推知，为了消除外部因素，他们让蜜蜂适应新家，让他们有了家的感觉，从而对环境感觉不到压力。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段 Lars Chittka说的话“This research provides a strong indication that insect minds are far more complicated than we imagine. There are lots of animals who play just for the purpose of enjoyment, but most examples come from young mammals (哺乳动物)and birds,(这项研究有力地表明，昆虫的思维远比我们想象的复杂。有很多动物只是为了享乐而玩耍，但大多数例子来自于年轻的哺乳动物和鸟类)”可知， Lars Chittka的话表明了昆虫的思维非常复杂。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段Samadi Galpay所说的话“This finding has effects on our understanding of the sense and welfare of insects, which, consequently, encourages us to respect and protect wildlife on Earth ever more.(这一发现对我们理解昆虫的感觉和福利产生了影响，从而鼓励我们更加尊重和保护地球上的野生动物)”可知，该研究结果有助于保护地球上的野生动物。故选D。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了喝咖啡对我们身体的益处。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Published in 2015 in Circulation, a study of more than 200,000 participants followed for up to 30 years found that those who drank three to five cups of coffee a day, with or without caffeine, were 15 percent less likely to die early from all causes than those who escaped coffee.”（2015年发表在Circulation上的一项研究对20多万名参与者进行了长达30年的跟踪调查，结果发现，每天喝三到五杯咖啡的人，无论是否含咖啡因，死于各种疾病的可能性都比不喝咖啡的人低15%。）可知，根据文中提到的研究，我们可以了解到一天喝五杯含或不含咖啡因的咖啡可能对你有好处。故选B项。
22．主旨大意题。根据第三段关键句“They found that consumption of three to five standard cups of daily coffee may in fact reduce the risk of several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.”（他们发现，每天喝三到五杯标准咖啡实际上可以降低患多种慢性疾病的风险，包括2型糖尿病和心血管疾病。）可知，第3段的内容告诉我们每天喝三到五杯标准咖啡可以降低患多种慢性疾病的风险，由此可知，第3段的主要内容是告诉我们每天喝几杯咖啡可能会减少一些疾病。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“They found that consumption of three to five standard cups of daily coffee may in fact reduce the risk of several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.”（他们发现，每天喝三到五杯标准咖啡实际上可以降低患多种慢性疾病的风险，包括2型糖尿病和心血管疾病。）和最后一段关键句“Some of coffee’s other benefits come from polyphenols and antioxidants.”（咖啡的一些其他好处来自多酚和抗氧化剂。）可知，本文主要介绍了喝咖啡对我们身体的益处，由此可知，文章的重点是介绍咖啡的好处。故选A项。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“For those of us who can’t live without a morning cup, the latest assessments of the health effects of coffee are reassuring. Its consumption has been linked to a reduced risk of all kinds of diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, gallstones, cirrhosis, liver cancer, melanoma and prostate cancer.”（对于我们这些早晨不能不喝咖啡的人来说，咖啡对健康影响的最新评估令人放心。食用它可以降低患各种疾病的风险，包括帕金森氏病、心脏病、2型糖尿病、胆结石、肝硬化、癌症、黑色素瘤和前列腺癌症。）可知，本文主要介绍了喝咖啡对我们身体的益处，由此可知，文章与健康有关，我们最有可能在杂志的健康栏目找到这篇文章。故选C项。
25．C 26．B 27．D 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。打磨秋时，横杆上两端各有一或二人，交替蹬踏地面，使横杆上下起落旋转，同时，在杆上做回转翻滚，以腹贴杆四肢悬空，在旋转到地面时，进行一些技巧动作。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They need to use their strength from their belly or legs to keep balance on the pole while doing different postures.(他们需要利用腹部或腿部的力量，在做不同的姿势时保持在杆子上的平衡)”可得知他们需要在水平杆上保持平衡，故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“They need to use their strength from their belly or legs to keep balance on the pole while doing different postures.(他们需要利用腹部或腿部的力量，在做不同的姿势时保持在杆子上的平衡)”和第六段“Damoqiu as a professional sport also requires great effort and patience.(打磨秋作为一项职业运动也需要极大的努力和耐心)”可得知打磨秋需要努力，耐心和体力，故选B。
27．主旨大意题。根据第八段“As more and more young people leave villages to earn money in the big cities, they have less time to train on the pole and develop new postures. “It’s a pity that damoqiu is disappearing from the competitive stage now.” said Li, adding that he has only had five disciples in training for many years.(随着越来越多的年轻人离开农村到大城市赚钱，他们很少有时间训练打磨秋，培养新的姿势。“很遗憾，打磨秋现在正在从竞争舞台上消失。”李说，并补充说，他多年来只有5名弟子在训练)”可推知，这一段在讲打磨秋正在竞争舞台上消逝的原因，故选D。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Li not only teaches it in schools voluntarily, but also performs in many competitions to show the sport’s charm to audiences.(李不仅在学校里自愿教授这项运动，还在许多比赛中表演，向观众展示这项运动的魅力)”可得出李通过参与表演和在学校自愿教学去推动“打磨秋”活动的普及。故选B。
29．A 30．B 31．D 32．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。通过对活着的和已灭绝的企鹅的基因进行研究，研究者们发现了企鹅是如何从6000万年前的飞行祖先进化成今天优秀的游泳者的。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The research provides new findings about the genetic basis for penguin evolution and its adaptation to the environments in oceans.(这项研究为企鹅进化的遗传基础及其对海洋环境的适应提供了新的发现。)”和第三段第二句“The ancestor of penguins appeared about 14 million years ago, after which global climate changes drove the penguin volution and contributed to the formation of new species, said lead researcher Zhang Guojie from Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.(来自中国科学院昆明动物研究所的首席研究员张国杰说，企鹅的祖先出现在大约1400万年前，之后全球气候变化推动了企鹅的进化，并促成了新物种的形成。)”可知，企鹅的祖先是随着气候的变化而逐渐进化为可以游泳的新物种。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第二句“It suggests that the extreme Antarctic environment put greater environmental stress on penguins and sped up the adaptation of the high-latitude species to extreme environments.(这表明极端的南极环境给企鹅带来了更大的环境压力，加速了高纬度物种对极端环境的适应。)”可知，高海拔地区的企鹅进化得更快，主要是因为极端寒冷的气候环境。故选B项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They also demonstrated that penguins have adapted to an ever-changing world during the past 60 million years, so there is no need to worry about how the species respond to future climate changes.(他们还证明，在过去的6000万年里，企鹅已经适应了一个不断变化的世界，所以没有必要担心这个物种如何应对未来的气候变化。)”可知，研究者们对企鹅的未来持有乐观的态度。故选D项。
32．推理判断题。结合全文，尤其是第一段“A China-led research team has completed a genetic study on penguin species to understand how they evolved from their flying ancestors 60 million years ago into the excellent swimmers today.(中国领导的一个研究小组完成了一项关于企鹅物种的基因研究，以了解它们是如何从6000万年前的飞行祖先进化成今天优秀的游泳者的。)”可知，这项研究主要集中于研究企鹅是如何进化以适应气候的变化的。故选B项。
33．B 34．D 35．A 36．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们正在研发植物肉，说明了背后的原因以及存在的问题。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And it turns out that raising animals for human consumption is among the worst things we do to the environment. Depending on the animal, producing a pound of meat protein with Westem industrialized methods needs 4 to 25 times more water, 6 to 17 times more land, and 6 to 20 times more fossil fuels than producing a pound of plant protein.(事实证明，饲养动物供人类食用是我们对环境做的最糟糕的事情之一。根据不同的动物，用西方工业化的方法生产一磅肉蛋白需要比生产一磅植物蛋白多4到25倍的水，6到17倍的土地和6到20倍的化石燃料)”可知，引进实验室培育的植物肉是为了减少对环境的破坏。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段“One shortcoming of lab-grown meat is that the environmental benefits are still small-a recent World Economic Forum report says the emissions from lab-grown meat would be only around 7％ less than emissions from beef production.(实验室培育肉类的一个缺点是环境效益仍然很小——世界经济论坛最近的一份报告称，实验室培育肉类的排放量只比牛肉生产的排放量少7%左右)”可知，实验室培育的肉类对环境的破坏仍然很大。故选D。
35．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“A better environmental case can be made for plant-based meats from companies like Beyond Meat Foods, which use pea proteins, wheat, potatoes, and plant oils to”以及后文“the real taste of animal meat”可知，Beyond Meat Foods等公司生产的植物性肉类可以更好地保护环境，他们使用豌豆蛋白、小麦、土豆和植物油来模仿动物肉的真实味道。故画线词意思是“复制”。故选A。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段“Both lab-grown and plant-based alternatives are close to the taste and nutritional value of real meat without environmental damage.(实验室培育的和植物性的替代品都接近于真正肉类的味道和营养价值，而不会对环境造成破坏)”结合文章主要介绍了人们正在研发植物肉，说明了背后的原因以及存在的问题可推知，文章选自科学杂志。故选C。
37．A 38．B 39．A 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。 研究表明人们在做一项不需要太多思考的习惯性任务时可能更有可能获得创造性突破或洞察力。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段“Rather than constantly wearing yourself out at a problem or desperately seeking a flash of inspiration, research from the last 15 years suggests that people may be more likely to have creative breakthroughs or insights when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t require much thought — an activity in which you’re basically on autopilot.(过去15年的研究表明，当人们在做一项不需要太多思考的习惯性任务时（基本上处于自动驾驶状态），而不是不断地在一个问题上让自己筋疲力尽或拼命寻找灵感闪现时，他们可能更有可能获得创造性突破或洞察力)”可知，根据研究，人们预期会在日常工作的时候能得到一个创新的想法。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段““People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting, novel ideas at unexpected times because our cultural narrative tells us we should do it through hard work,” says Kalina Christoff, a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. (“当人们意识到他们在意想不到的时候得到了有趣、新颖的想法时，他们总是感到惊讶，因为我们的文化叙事告诉我们，我们应该通过努力工作来实现它，”温哥华不列颠哥伦比亚大学的认知神经科学家Kalina Christoff说) ”可知，获得令人兴奋的、不寻常的想法的文化观念是努力获得。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据第四段“Now we’re beginning to understand why these clever thoughts occur during more passive activities and what’s happening in the brain, says Christoff. The key, according to the latest research, is a pattern of brain activity — within what’s called the default mode network — that occurs while an individual is resting or performing habitual tasks that don’t require much attention.(克里斯托夫说，现在我们开始理解为什么这些聪明的想法会在更被动的活动中出现，以及大脑中发生了什么。根据最新的研究，关键在于大脑活动的一种模式，即所谓的默认模式网络，它发生在一个人休息或执行不需要太多注意力的习惯性任务时)”和倒数第二段“Researchers have shown that the default mode network (DMN) — which connects more than a dozen regions of the brain — becomes more active during mind-wandering or passive tasks than when you’re doing something that demands focus.(研究人员已经证明，连接大脑十多个区域的默认模式网络(DMN)在走神或做被动任务时比你在做需要集中注意力的事情时更活跃)”可推知，一个正在踢足球的学生最有可能得到一个新奇的想法。故选A。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A cautionary note: While the default mode network plays a key role in the creative process, “it’s not the only important network,” Beaty says. “Other networks come into play as far as modifying, rejecting, or implementing ideas.” So it’s unwise to place blind faith in ideas that are generated in the shower or during any other period of mind wandering.(注意事项：虽然默认模式网络在创作过程中发挥着关键作用，但“它并不是唯一重要的网络，”Beat说。“其他网络也会在修改、拒绝或实施想法方面发挥作用。”因此，盲目相信洗澡时或其他走神时产生的想法是不明智的)”可推知，虽然默认模式网络在创作过程中发挥着关键作用，但“它并不是唯一重要的网络”，所以我们在把脑海中好玩的想法付诸实践前要三思。故选D。