外研版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first Developing ideas and presenting ideas知识点课件(共36张PPT)
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(共36张PPT)
UNIT 6 Earth first
Section C Developing ideas，Presenting ideas & Reflection
核心词汇
词汇一 majority n. 多数，大多数（人或物）
◆教材原句
...and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.
……并且我们大多数人都采取措施来节约能源，减少浪费和污染。
◆要点必记
in a/the majority 占大多数
a/the majority of... 大多数……
［反］minority n. 少数；少数民族
题组练·领悟方法
◆学法点拨
（ 1）The majority of + 复数名词 + 复数谓 语动词+ 其他
（ 2）The majority of + 集合名词 + 单数 / 复数谓语动词+ 其他
（ 3）A majority of + 复数名词 + 复数谓 语动词+ 其他
◆单词积累
major adj. 主要的；主修的（反义词：minor） n. 主修科目，专业 vi. 主修
major in 主修……
单句写作
（1）The agreement seems to be impossible because _____________________________________ （大多数成员反对）.
（2） Only （少数的）people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are （占多数）.
单句语法填空
（3）To my surprise，the majority of the students （be）for his proposal.
（4）One-third of the country （be）covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______（be）black people.
（5） In my opinion，the majority of the committee （have） arrived.
is
the majority of the members are against it
a minority of
in the/a majority
are
are
has/have
词汇二 take steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
...and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.
……并且我们大多数人都采取措施来节约能源，减少浪费和污染。
◆要点必记
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
◆归纳拓展
step up 加紧，加强，促进；走上前去 step aside 让位，退位
step by step 逐步地 out of step 不合拍，不一致
mind/watch your step 走路小心；言行小心
单句语法填空
（1） The wild population of koalas is in danger of dying out，so we should take steps __________（protect）them.
（2） The earth is so heavily polluted. It is time for us to take measures （protect）the environment.
（3） Firefighters took action immediately （stop）the fire spreading.
（4） Jack stepped his pace because he didn’t want to be late again.
to protect
to protect
to stop
up
词汇三 mistake...for... 把……错当成……
◆教材原句
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals，which mistake them for food. 塑料袋造成垃圾，对野生动物来说是一种危险，它们会把塑料袋误认为是食物。
◆要点必记
by mistake 错误地；弄错
make a mistake 犯错误
mistaken adj.（见解或判断上）错误的；不正确的
be mistaken about... 误解……；对……持有错误的见解
单句语法填空
（1） A woman mistook him a well-known actor，and asked him for his autograph（亲笔签名）.
（2） Tom must have taken your dictionary mistake.
（3） Don’t worry，we all make （mistake）.
单句写作
（4） I think you must be （把我错当成） someone else.
（5） I took your bag instead of mine （错误地）.
for
by
mistakes
mistaking me for
by mistake
词汇四 break down 分解；（机器）发生故障；（计划、谈判等）失败； 垮掉 ◆教材原句
It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down，but much less time for paper. 塑料需要几百年才能分解，而纸分解的时间则要短得多。
◆要点必记
break up 破碎；解散 break into 强行闯入
break in 强行进入；打断，搅扰 break away from 脱离；逃脱
break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发
break through 突破 break off 中断；折断
单句写作
（1） He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead， because the air-conditioning system ________ ________ （出故障）.
（2）［2016·北京卷］Norton Sound was covered with ice，which could sometimes ________ ________（破裂）without warning.
（3） A big fire ________ ________ （爆发）last night and its cause is being looked into.
（4） When he got home，he found his house ________ ________ （闯入）.
（5） Burglars ________ ________ （强行进入）through the bedroom window.
broke down
break
up
broke out
broken into
broke in
词汇五 amount n. 数量，数额
◆教材原句
However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是制造塑料袋的三倍。
◆要点必记
a large amount of = large amounts of 许多，大量
◆学法点拨
A large amount of + 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词+ 其他.
Large amounts of + 不可数名词+ 复数谓语动词+ 其他.
单句语法填空
（1） A large amount of money （spend）building more modern kindergartens so far this year.
（2） Large amounts of money （waste）buying useless things every year.
（3）With more forests being destroyed，a large amount of good earth （be）being washed away each year.
单句写作
（4） English learning involves （大量）memory work.
（5） He wasted （大量）time playing computer games.
has been spent
are wasted
is
a large amount of
large amounts of
词汇六 remove v. 移走，搬走；去除，去掉；脱去；免除……的职务， 开除
◆教材原句
To make sure your appliance is in fact off， remove the plug from its power supply. 为了确保您的家用电器实际上是关闭的， 请拔掉电源插头。
◆要点必记
remove sth. from sp. 把某物从某地搬走（移开）
remove sb. from sth. 把某人从……职位免职
remove sb. from school 勒令某人退学
remove one’s doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/ 烦恼
remove the mud from your shoes 把你鞋上的泥除掉
单句语法填空
（1） To our amazement，the official was removed office.
（2） You’d better have the old furniture （remove）.
（3） Once formed，the bad habits are hard （remove）.
单句写作
（4） You’d better perform well to （消除他的疑虑）.
（5） Only after he （摘掉墨镜） did I recognize him.
（6） He （被开除了）the post because he broke the rules and regulations of the company by design.
from
removed
to be removed
remove his doubt
removed his dark glasses
was removed from
词汇七 take...into account 把……考虑进去（= take account of）
◆教材原句
...even taking into account its transport. ……即使考虑到运输。
◆要点必记
account for 是……的原因，解释；（在数量或比例上）占
gave sb. a（full）account of（详细）描述……
open/close an account 开户/ 销户
on all accounts 无论如何
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不（在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）
单句语法填空
（1） Coursework is taken account as well as exam results.
（2） She has the habit of keeping an account her daily activities.
（3） It is said that body language accounts 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
单句写作
（4） The poor weather may have （是……的原因）the increase in the number of people who cough day and night.
（5） He was too shocked to （ 描述）what had happened.
into
of
for
accounted for
give an account of
词汇八 campaign（1）n.（宣传）活动；战役 （2）vi. 参加运动；作战
◆教材原句
We are writing this letter to call on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign.
我们写这封信是为了号召大家参加光盘运动。
◆要点必记
（ 1）a campaign for/against 争取/反对…… 的运动
a campaign for equal rights 争取平等权利的运动
launch/begin a campaign 发起一场运动
（ 2）campaign for/against 参加争取 / 反对……的运动
campaign to do 为了做……而参加运动
单句语法填空
（1） They have launched a campaign （protect）ancient buildings in urban areas.
（2） They are campaigning （prevent）the wild animals being hunted.
单句写作
（3） He joined a group （发起运动反对）the destruction of the rain forests.
（4） Since then，they （ 发起一场伟大的运动）to make the beaches safer for swimmers and tourists.
to protect
to prevent
campaigning against
have launched a great campaign
词汇九 urge（1）v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 （2）n. 强烈的欲望，冲动
◆教材原句
It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. 它敦促人们节约食物，不要在餐桌上浪费任何东西。
◆要点必记
urge sb. to do sth. 力劝/ 敦促某人做某事 urge that... 力劝/ 敦促……
an urge to do sth. 做某事的冲动
◆学法点拨
urge 后跟从句时，从句常用虚拟语气， 从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略。
◆单词积累
urgent adj. 紧急的；急切的 urgently adv. 紧急地；迫切地
urgency n. 紧急，紧迫
单句语法填空
（1） China urges the relevant parties （keep）calm and adopt a responsible attitude.
（2） They might then urge their parents and other people （give） up smoking，too.
（3） He had a sudden urge （design）a poster personally.
（4） I have an （urge）message. Call me back as soon as possible.
单句写作
（5） Teachers urged parents （不要允许）their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
（6） My teacher urged that （我们在课下时应多做运动）.
to keep/
（should）keep
to give
to design
urgent
not to allow /（should）not allow
we（should）do more exercise after class
词汇十 concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的
◆教材原句
We are concerned that... 我们担心……
◆要点必记
（ 1）be concerned about 关心，挂念 as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就……而言
be concerned with 与……有关；涉及
（ 2）concern vt. （使）担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心，忧虑；关注；利害关系
concern oneself about 对……感兴趣 with concern 关切地
show concern about/for 对……表示担心/ 关心
◆一言辨异
As far as I am concerned，educators should be concerned about the problems that are concerned with the healthy growth of the children and concern themselves with/in the work of education.
依我之见，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题，并使自己参与教育工作。
单句语法填空
（1） As far as I’m （concern），the idea is crazy.
（2） In fact，John has never been （concern）about what others think of him.
（3） My teacher is looking at me concern.
（4） Several parents showed their great concern their children’s safety at school.
（5） The meeting was concerned the system reforms and everyone present was concerned their own interests.
（6） What （concern）me is our lack of preparation for the change.
concerned
concerned
with
about
with
about
concerns
单句写作
（7） The （忧心忡忡的家长）were all （担心）the children’s safety.
（8） （就我而言），reading English newspapers is of great help to our English study.
（9） Please come here on time. The matter （与……有关）all of you.
concerned parents concerned about
As far as I am concerned
is concerned with
词汇十一 contribute（1）v. 促成，造成（某事发生）
（2）vt. & vi. 捐助，捐赠，贡献；投稿，撰稿
◆教材原句
Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint. 看看造成碳足迹的三个因素。
◆要点必记
（ 1）contribute（...）to/towards（把……） 捐献/ 贡献给……
contribute to... 是…… 的原因之一；导致……；有助于
contribute（sth.）（to sth.）（为……）撰稿 （ ……）；（向……）投稿（……）
（ 2）make a contribution/contributions to/ towards... 为……作贡献
◆一言助记
Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his return to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a press. 许多人给那个贫穷的男孩捐款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一个关于此事的故事并把它投给了一家出版社。
◆单词积累
contribution n. 捐款；贡献
contributor n. 捐款人；撰稿人
写出下列句中contribute 的含义
（1） She contributed a number of articles to the magazine. ______________
（2） Alcohol contributes to many deaths a year in this country. ______________
（3） The volunteers contribute much time to the activity. ______________
单句语法填空
（4） The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions the world.
（5） The girl is intelligent and often contributes that newspaper.
（6） He got promoted for his （contribute）to the company.
（7） The famous writer is one of several authors （contribute）to the book.
单句写作
（8） Eating too much and lack of exercise （导致）his being too fat.
（9） Everyone of us should （为……作贡献）our society.
投稿
造成，导致
贡献
to
to
contributions
contributing
contribute to
make a contribution to
词汇十二 average（1）adj. 平均（数）的；正常的；普通的
（2）n. 平均数；平均水平
◆教材原句
The average score of our group is... 我们组的平均成绩是……
◆要点必记
（ 1）on（the/an）average 平均 an average of 平均有……
above average 平均水平以上 below average 平均水平以下
the average of... ……的平均数
（ 2）the average rainfall of... ……的平均降 雨量
an average age of...……的平均年龄 average build/height 平均身高
the average size 平均大小
单句语法填空
（1） The province’s rainfall this year is average. Many plants are short of water and have been dead.
（2） average，90% of students per class in this school are experienced in studying maths.
（3）［2015·重庆卷］Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0. 68℃ ________ the average.
单句写作
（4） My English is （在平均水平之上）.
（5） （平均起来），each member earns ＄5 per hour.
below
On
above
above average
On average
重点句式
句式一 动名词作主语
◆教材原句
However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是制造塑料袋的三倍。
◆要点必记
（ 1）单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
（ 2）动名词和动词不定式都可以作主语。动名词作主语，表示一般或抽象的多次性的行为；动词不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
◆归纳拓展
动名词短语作主语，常用it 作形式主语。常用于以下固定句型：
It is no use/good doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing sth.
It’s useless/fun/worthwhile doing sth.
It’s hardly any good/use doing sth.
单句语法填空
（1） （read）is very important in learning English.
（2） It’s no use （argue）with him.
（3） It is a waste of time （talk）about such a thing.
（4） It is no good （complain）.
（5） （finish）the task will take a long time.
（6） （know）basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
（7） （hear）how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
（8） （be）online is no excuse for being rude，and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully.
单句写作
（9） 每天玩电脑游戏简直就是浪费时间。It’s every day.
（10） 打翻牛奶，哭也没用。（覆水难收）____________________________________
Reading
arguing
talking
complaining
To finish
Knowing
Hearing
Being
a waste of time playing video games
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
句式二 倍数表达法
◆要点必记
倍数表达法常用的几种形式：
（1）倍数 + as + 形容词/副词的原级 + as + 其他
（2）倍数 + 形容词/副词的比较级 + than + 其他
（3）倍数 + the + size/height/weight/length/ width/depth...+ of + 其他
（4）倍数 + what 从句
◆学法点拨
（1）上述结构中的“倍数”部分也可用分 数、百分数代替。
（2）表示两倍时，一般用 twice/double；times 表示“倍数”，一般用于表示三倍或三倍以上。
单句语法填空
（1） Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost twice much as his.
（2） This department is twice （big）than that one.
（3） Our manager presented a report three times the （long）of mine.
一句多译
这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。
（4） The road is four times it was three years ago.
（5） The road is four times it was three years ago.
（6） The length of the road is four times it was three years ago.
as
bigger
length
as long as
the length of what
what
句式三 强调句型
◆教材原句
It is the production of food，not its transport，that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. 消耗最多能源和产生最多温室气体的是食品生产，而不是食品运输。
◆要点必记
（1）强调句型的结构：It is/was+ 被强调部 分+ that+ 其他部分。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。
（2）一般疑问句：Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + is/was + it + that + 其他部分
（3）not...until... 的强调句型：It is/was not until...that + 其他部分 .
◆误区警示
（1）强调句型中的 it 不能用其他词代替。
（2）用is 还是was 要根据原句的时态而定： 属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
（3）被强调部分指人时，可以用 who 代 替that，其他情况一律用that。
◆学法点拨
判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was 与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
单句语法填空
（1） It was in the living room Mary argued with her husband.
（2）Was it yesterday the building was damaged
（3） Who was it lost patience with you
（4） was because Jack got up late that he missed the ferry.
（5） It was not until the professor came they began the test.
（6） It was the professor helped me a lot when I was at university.
（7） It is all of us that （have）a responsibility to protect the environment.
句型转换
I met an old deskmate at the railway station yesterday.
（8）强调主语： ______________________________________________________________
（9）强调宾语：______________________________________________________________
（10）强调地点状语： __________________________________________________________
（11）强调时间状语： _________________________________________________________
that
that
that
It
that
that/who
have
It was I that/who met an old deskmate at the railway station yesterday.
It was an old deskmate that I met at the railway station yesterday.
It was at the railway station that I met an old deskmate yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met an old deskmate at the railway station.
UNIT 6 Earth first
Section C Developing ideas，Presenting ideas & Reflection
核心词汇
词汇一 majority n. 多数，大多数（人或物）
◆教材原句
...and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.
……并且我们大多数人都采取措施来节约能源，减少浪费和污染。
◆要点必记
in a/the majority 占大多数
a/the majority of... 大多数……
［反］minority n. 少数；少数民族
题组练·领悟方法
◆学法点拨
（ 1）The majority of + 复数名词 + 复数谓 语动词+ 其他
（ 2）The majority of + 集合名词 + 单数 / 复数谓语动词+ 其他
（ 3）A majority of + 复数名词 + 复数谓 语动词+ 其他
◆单词积累
major adj. 主要的；主修的（反义词：minor） n. 主修科目，专业 vi. 主修
major in 主修……
单句写作
（1）The agreement seems to be impossible because _____________________________________ （大多数成员反对）.
（2） Only （少数的）people in that city do not have a car while the people taking the subway to work are （占多数）.
单句语法填空
（3）To my surprise，the majority of the students （be）for his proposal.
（4）One-third of the country （be）covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______（be）black people.
（5） In my opinion，the majority of the committee （have） arrived.
is
the majority of the members are against it
a minority of
in the/a majority
are
are
has/have
词汇二 take steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
...and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.
……并且我们大多数人都采取措施来节约能源，减少浪费和污染。
◆要点必记
take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
◆归纳拓展
step up 加紧，加强，促进；走上前去 step aside 让位，退位
step by step 逐步地 out of step 不合拍，不一致
mind/watch your step 走路小心；言行小心
单句语法填空
（1） The wild population of koalas is in danger of dying out，so we should take steps __________（protect）them.
（2） The earth is so heavily polluted. It is time for us to take measures （protect）the environment.
（3） Firefighters took action immediately （stop）the fire spreading.
（4） Jack stepped his pace because he didn’t want to be late again.
to protect
to protect
to stop
up
词汇三 mistake...for... 把……错当成……
◆教材原句
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals，which mistake them for food. 塑料袋造成垃圾，对野生动物来说是一种危险，它们会把塑料袋误认为是食物。
◆要点必记
by mistake 错误地；弄错
make a mistake 犯错误
mistaken adj.（见解或判断上）错误的；不正确的
be mistaken about... 误解……；对……持有错误的见解
单句语法填空
（1） A woman mistook him a well-known actor，and asked him for his autograph（亲笔签名）.
（2） Tom must have taken your dictionary mistake.
（3） Don’t worry，we all make （mistake）.
单句写作
（4） I think you must be （把我错当成） someone else.
（5） I took your bag instead of mine （错误地）.
for
by
mistakes
mistaking me for
by mistake
词汇四 break down 分解；（机器）发生故障；（计划、谈判等）失败； 垮掉 ◆教材原句
It takes hundreds of years for plastic to break down，but much less time for paper. 塑料需要几百年才能分解，而纸分解的时间则要短得多。
◆要点必记
break up 破碎；解散 break into 强行闯入
break in 强行进入；打断，搅扰 break away from 脱离；逃脱
break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发
break through 突破 break off 中断；折断
单句写作
（1） He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead， because the air-conditioning system ________ ________ （出故障）.
（2）［2016·北京卷］Norton Sound was covered with ice，which could sometimes ________ ________（破裂）without warning.
（3） A big fire ________ ________ （爆发）last night and its cause is being looked into.
（4） When he got home，he found his house ________ ________ （闯入）.
（5） Burglars ________ ________ （强行进入）through the bedroom window.
broke down
break
up
broke out
broken into
broke in
词汇五 amount n. 数量，数额
◆教材原句
However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是制造塑料袋的三倍。
◆要点必记
a large amount of = large amounts of 许多，大量
◆学法点拨
A large amount of + 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词+ 其他.
Large amounts of + 不可数名词+ 复数谓语动词+ 其他.
单句语法填空
（1） A large amount of money （spend）building more modern kindergartens so far this year.
（2） Large amounts of money （waste）buying useless things every year.
（3）With more forests being destroyed，a large amount of good earth （be）being washed away each year.
单句写作
（4） English learning involves （大量）memory work.
（5） He wasted （大量）time playing computer games.
has been spent
are wasted
is
a large amount of
large amounts of
词汇六 remove v. 移走，搬走；去除，去掉；脱去；免除……的职务， 开除
◆教材原句
To make sure your appliance is in fact off， remove the plug from its power supply. 为了确保您的家用电器实际上是关闭的， 请拔掉电源插头。
◆要点必记
remove sth. from sp. 把某物从某地搬走（移开）
remove sb. from sth. 把某人从……职位免职
remove sb. from school 勒令某人退学
remove one’s doubt/trouble 消除某人的疑虑/ 烦恼
remove the mud from your shoes 把你鞋上的泥除掉
单句语法填空
（1） To our amazement，the official was removed office.
（2） You’d better have the old furniture （remove）.
（3） Once formed，the bad habits are hard （remove）.
单句写作
（4） You’d better perform well to （消除他的疑虑）.
（5） Only after he （摘掉墨镜） did I recognize him.
（6） He （被开除了）the post because he broke the rules and regulations of the company by design.
from
removed
to be removed
remove his doubt
removed his dark glasses
was removed from
词汇七 take...into account 把……考虑进去（= take account of）
◆教材原句
...even taking into account its transport. ……即使考虑到运输。
◆要点必记
account for 是……的原因，解释；（在数量或比例上）占
gave sb. a（full）account of（详细）描述……
open/close an account 开户/ 销户
on all accounts 无论如何
on account of 因为，由于
on no account 决不（在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）
单句语法填空
（1） Coursework is taken account as well as exam results.
（2） She has the habit of keeping an account her daily activities.
（3） It is said that body language accounts 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
单句写作
（4） The poor weather may have （是……的原因）the increase in the number of people who cough day and night.
（5） He was too shocked to （ 描述）what had happened.
into
of
for
accounted for
give an account of
词汇八 campaign（1）n.（宣传）活动；战役 （2）vi. 参加运动；作战
◆教材原句
We are writing this letter to call on everyone to take part in the Clear Your Plate campaign.
我们写这封信是为了号召大家参加光盘运动。
◆要点必记
（ 1）a campaign for/against 争取/反对…… 的运动
a campaign for equal rights 争取平等权利的运动
launch/begin a campaign 发起一场运动
（ 2）campaign for/against 参加争取 / 反对……的运动
campaign to do 为了做……而参加运动
单句语法填空
（1） They have launched a campaign （protect）ancient buildings in urban areas.
（2） They are campaigning （prevent）the wild animals being hunted.
单句写作
（3） He joined a group （发起运动反对）the destruction of the rain forests.
（4） Since then，they （ 发起一场伟大的运动）to make the beaches safer for swimmers and tourists.
to protect
to prevent
campaigning against
have launched a great campaign
词汇九 urge（1）v. 竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促 （2）n. 强烈的欲望，冲动
◆教材原句
It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table. 它敦促人们节约食物，不要在餐桌上浪费任何东西。
◆要点必记
urge sb. to do sth. 力劝/ 敦促某人做某事 urge that... 力劝/ 敦促……
an urge to do sth. 做某事的冲动
◆学法点拨
urge 后跟从句时，从句常用虚拟语气， 从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略。
◆单词积累
urgent adj. 紧急的；急切的 urgently adv. 紧急地；迫切地
urgency n. 紧急，紧迫
单句语法填空
（1） China urges the relevant parties （keep）calm and adopt a responsible attitude.
（2） They might then urge their parents and other people （give） up smoking，too.
（3） He had a sudden urge （design）a poster personally.
（4） I have an （urge）message. Call me back as soon as possible.
单句写作
（5） Teachers urged parents （不要允许）their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
（6） My teacher urged that （我们在课下时应多做运动）.
to keep/
（should）keep
to give
to design
urgent
not to allow /（should）not allow
we（should）do more exercise after class
词汇十 concerned adj. 焦急的，担忧的
◆教材原句
We are concerned that... 我们担心……
◆要点必记
（ 1）be concerned about 关心，挂念 as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就……而言
be concerned with 与……有关；涉及
（ 2）concern vt. （使）担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心，忧虑；关注；利害关系
concern oneself about 对……感兴趣 with concern 关切地
show concern about/for 对……表示担心/ 关心
◆一言辨异
As far as I am concerned，educators should be concerned about the problems that are concerned with the healthy growth of the children and concern themselves with/in the work of education.
依我之见，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题，并使自己参与教育工作。
单句语法填空
（1） As far as I’m （concern），the idea is crazy.
（2） In fact，John has never been （concern）about what others think of him.
（3） My teacher is looking at me concern.
（4） Several parents showed their great concern their children’s safety at school.
（5） The meeting was concerned the system reforms and everyone present was concerned their own interests.
（6） What （concern）me is our lack of preparation for the change.
concerned
concerned
with
about
with
about
concerns
单句写作
（7） The （忧心忡忡的家长）were all （担心）the children’s safety.
（8） （就我而言），reading English newspapers is of great help to our English study.
（9） Please come here on time. The matter （与……有关）all of you.
concerned parents concerned about
As far as I am concerned
is concerned with
词汇十一 contribute（1）v. 促成，造成（某事发生）
（2）vt. & vi. 捐助，捐赠，贡献；投稿，撰稿
◆教材原句
Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint. 看看造成碳足迹的三个因素。
◆要点必记
（ 1）contribute（...）to/towards（把……） 捐献/ 贡献给……
contribute to... 是…… 的原因之一；导致……；有助于
contribute（sth.）（to sth.）（为……）撰稿 （ ……）；（向……）投稿（……）
（ 2）make a contribution/contributions to/ towards... 为……作贡献
◆一言助记
Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his return to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a press. 许多人给那个贫穷的男孩捐款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一个关于此事的故事并把它投给了一家出版社。
◆单词积累
contribution n. 捐款；贡献
contributor n. 捐款人；撰稿人
写出下列句中contribute 的含义
（1） She contributed a number of articles to the magazine. ______________
（2） Alcohol contributes to many deaths a year in this country. ______________
（3） The volunteers contribute much time to the activity. ______________
单句语法填空
（4） The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions the world.
（5） The girl is intelligent and often contributes that newspaper.
（6） He got promoted for his （contribute）to the company.
（7） The famous writer is one of several authors （contribute）to the book.
单句写作
（8） Eating too much and lack of exercise （导致）his being too fat.
（9） Everyone of us should （为……作贡献）our society.
投稿
造成，导致
贡献
to
to
contributions
contributing
contribute to
make a contribution to
词汇十二 average（1）adj. 平均（数）的；正常的；普通的
（2）n. 平均数；平均水平
◆教材原句
The average score of our group is... 我们组的平均成绩是……
◆要点必记
（ 1）on（the/an）average 平均 an average of 平均有……
above average 平均水平以上 below average 平均水平以下
the average of... ……的平均数
（ 2）the average rainfall of... ……的平均降 雨量
an average age of...……的平均年龄 average build/height 平均身高
the average size 平均大小
单句语法填空
（1） The province’s rainfall this year is average. Many plants are short of water and have been dead.
（2） average，90% of students per class in this school are experienced in studying maths.
（3）［2015·重庆卷］Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0. 68℃ ________ the average.
单句写作
（4） My English is （在平均水平之上）.
（5） （平均起来），each member earns ＄5 per hour.
below
On
above
above average
On average
重点句式
句式一 动名词作主语
◆教材原句
However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一个纸袋所消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量是制造塑料袋的三倍。
◆要点必记
（ 1）单个动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
（ 2）动名词和动词不定式都可以作主语。动名词作主语，表示一般或抽象的多次性的行为；动词不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
◆归纳拓展
动名词短语作主语，常用it 作形式主语。常用于以下固定句型：
It is no use/good doing sth.
It is a waste of time doing sth.
It’s useless/fun/worthwhile doing sth.
It’s hardly any good/use doing sth.
单句语法填空
（1） （read）is very important in learning English.
（2） It’s no use （argue）with him.
（3） It is a waste of time （talk）about such a thing.
（4） It is no good （complain）.
（5） （finish）the task will take a long time.
（6） （know）basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
（7） （hear）how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
（8） （be）online is no excuse for being rude，and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully.
单句写作
（9） 每天玩电脑游戏简直就是浪费时间。It’s every day.
（10） 打翻牛奶，哭也没用。（覆水难收）____________________________________
Reading
arguing
talking
complaining
To finish
Knowing
Hearing
Being
a waste of time playing video games
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
句式二 倍数表达法
◆要点必记
倍数表达法常用的几种形式：
（1）倍数 + as + 形容词/副词的原级 + as + 其他
（2）倍数 + 形容词/副词的比较级 + than + 其他
（3）倍数 + the + size/height/weight/length/ width/depth...+ of + 其他
（4）倍数 + what 从句
◆学法点拨
（1）上述结构中的“倍数”部分也可用分 数、百分数代替。
（2）表示两倍时，一般用 twice/double；times 表示“倍数”，一般用于表示三倍或三倍以上。
单句语法填空
（1） Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost twice much as his.
（2） This department is twice （big）than that one.
（3） Our manager presented a report three times the （long）of mine.
一句多译
这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。
（4） The road is four times it was three years ago.
（5） The road is four times it was three years ago.
（6） The length of the road is four times it was three years ago.
as
bigger
length
as long as
the length of what
what
句式三 强调句型
◆教材原句
It is the production of food，not its transport，that uses most of the energy and produces most of the greenhouse gases. 消耗最多能源和产生最多温室气体的是食品生产，而不是食品运输。
◆要点必记
（1）强调句型的结构：It is/was+ 被强调部 分+ that+ 其他部分。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。
（2）一般疑问句：Is/Was it + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + is/was + it + that + 其他部分
（3）not...until... 的强调句型：It is/was not until...that + 其他部分 .
◆误区警示
（1）强调句型中的 it 不能用其他词代替。
（2）用is 还是was 要根据原句的时态而定： 属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was。
（3）被强调部分指人时，可以用 who 代 替that，其他情况一律用that。
◆学法点拨
判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it is/was 与that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
单句语法填空
（1） It was in the living room Mary argued with her husband.
（2）Was it yesterday the building was damaged
（3） Who was it lost patience with you
（4） was because Jack got up late that he missed the ferry.
（5） It was not until the professor came they began the test.
（6） It was the professor helped me a lot when I was at university.
（7） It is all of us that （have）a responsibility to protect the environment.
句型转换
I met an old deskmate at the railway station yesterday.
（8）强调主语： ______________________________________________________________
（9）强调宾语：______________________________________________________________
（10）强调地点状语： __________________________________________________________
（11）强调时间状语： _________________________________________________________
that
that
that
It
that
that/who
have
It was I that/who met an old deskmate at the railway station yesterday.
It was an old deskmate that I met at the railway station yesterday.
It was at the railway station that I met an old deskmate yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met an old deskmate at the railway station.