外研版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first Developing ideas and Presenting ideas 能力提升练（含答案）

Unit6 Developing ideas and Presenting ideas 能力提升练
一、阅读理解
（2021安徽合肥六中高一上期中）
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts（收银台）. The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑）these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
1. What has Steven Stein been hired to do
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
2. What does the word "headwinds" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
3. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
4. What is the best title for the text
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
二、七选五
（2021广东普宁高一上期末）
When you're deciding how to plant a tree, the most important considerations are choosing the right tree and placing it in the right spot. Trees vary widely in their needs for space, light, moisture and soil conditions. When you've chosen a tree, you'll need to prepare your site for planting.
Dig a hole a foot deep and twice as wide as the root ball of the new tree. Loosen the soil at the bottom and sides of the hole. 1
Gently remove the tree from the container. 2 Build soil up and around the roots if necessary, so the tree can be at the same soil level as it was originally grown.
3 Before you begin backfilling（回填）the hole, have someone view the tree from several directions to confirm that the tree is straight. Once you begin backfilling the hole, it is difficult to reposition（改变位置）the tree.
Backfill the hole with existing soil. At this time you can also add fertilizer（肥料）such as bone meal or any other fertilizer. Then water the tree.
Caring for the tree once it is planted I is an important step. It needs watering regularly. When the soil below the surface of the covering becomes dry, it's time to water it. 4 Continue until mid-autumn, when the tree needs less water.
Spring and autumn are generally the best time to plant a tree. 5 In areas without cold winters, trees may be planted during the winter. In northern climates, spring planting gives the tree more time to get established before the harsh winter.
A. Straighten the tree in the hole.
B. Then guide the tree into the hole carefully.
C. Make a note of your goals for planting a tree.
D. Planting a tree is big investment.
E. In this way roots will be able to easily enter the soil.
F. You will probably need to water it at least once a week.
G. This gives the tree time to adjust before the hot or the cold season arrives.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
三、完形填空
（2020山西运城高一上期末）
Our family enjoyed a beautiful house plant for over thirty years. It had stayed with us through 1 years and good times, pain and joy. I had never thought of 2 it.
However, two weeks ago, we 3 some changes in its leaves, which began to lose color. We watered and looked after it 4 , but it just showed no sign of 5 . We finally picked a few almost dead leaves and 6 replanting them in another small pot.
What 7 us was that these leaves planted in the new pot grew strong. In order to know the reason why the house plant died, we dug the dead plant out of the pot. Then, it became 8 to us-its roots（根）were in disorder, completely tangling up. Our once-beautiful plant died because it grew out of its environment-it became root-bound（根满盆的）.
People can become root-bound, too. Those who 9 personal growth or development often want to make 10 that can lead to greater achievements or much more happiness. However, they more often find they outgrow their environment and want to 11 . Their view becomes larger and they need 12 environment to live in. They need people who will make 13 for their growth. If they c cannot be 14 , some problems are sure to appear.
So if your new-found growth causes you to abandon the old ways, you may need to 15 you are bigger now.
1. A. peaceful B. hard C. pleasant D. busy
2. A. controlling B. buying C. losing D. sell
3. A. made B. recorded C. collected D. discovered
4. A. disappointedly B. carefully C. quickly D. happily
5. A. recovery B. strength C. trouble D. growth
6. A. avoided B. practiced C. tried D. enjoyed
7. A. amazed B. disappointed C. embarrassed D. bored
8. A. happy B. useful C. energetic D. clear
9. A. dependon B. lookfor C. waitfor D. turndown
10. A. suggestions B. studies C. explanations D. changes
11. A. takeoff B. falldown C. calmdown D. setup
12. A. warmer B. larger C. safer D. taller
13. A. chances B. promises C. time D. room
14. A. satisfied B. accepted C. mentioned D. protected
15. A. refuse B. order C. realize D. prove
参考答案：
一、阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的主题是一次性塑料袋究竟对环境好不好，塑料袋和纸袋哪个好。
1.D细节理解题。从第一段的最后一句What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.可知，Steven被公司雇用是为了维护塑料袋制造业，因此D项正确，意为“为塑料袋的使用进行辩护”
2.A词义猜测题。前句提到禁止使用塑料袋。此处的headwinds指的就是禁止使用塑料袋，因此A项正确。
3.D细节理解题。从文章第四段的However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知，生产可以循环使用的购物袋需要花费更多的能源。所以D项正确。
4.A主旨大意题。本文论述的主要内容是塑料袋好还是纸质的袋子好。因此A项符合文章主题，意为“塑料（袋）、纸（袋）还是都不用”。
二、七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了植树要选择合适的时间与合适的地，点，如何植树和如何养护树，包括挖坑、种植、填土、管理、浇水等。还提到春天和秋天通常是最佳的植树时间的原因。
1.E空格前一句提到要疏松树坑底部和四周的土壤，设空处说明这么做的结果：这样树根就能容易地扎进土壤，故E项符合语境。
2.B根据文章整体内容可知，此处是讲植树的步骤。本空承接上句，轻轻地把树拿出来之后要小心地放入树坑，故选B项。
3.A空格后面的内容提到在回填之前，让人从各个方向看，确保树是直的，故此处应选A项，表示把树在树坑里放直。
4.F本空承接上文，空格前提到要定期浇水并说明了什么时候浇水，F项意思是“你可能需要每周至少浇水一次”符合语境。
5.G空格前一句提到春季和秋季通常是最好的植树时间，本空解释原因：这给了树在炎热或寒冷的季节到来之前适应的时间，G项符合语境。
三、完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者家养了许多年的漂亮的绿植由于根长满了盆而逐渐死亡，但是将它的叶子移植到新的盆子里却很好地活了。由此联想到我们的人生，也会经常遇到达到瓶颈的这种状态，这时，我们应该摒弃旧的方向寻求新的发展。
1.B由空后第二个and前后的pain与joy是反义词可知，空格处单词表达的意思与good相反，故应用hard（艰难的）。
2.C句意：我从没有想过失去它。根据第三段中Our once beautiful plant died可知，作者的绿植最后死掉了。因此可以推断出，此处表示作者从没想过有一天会失去（1oss）这棵植物。
3.D句意：然而，两周前，我们发现了它的叶子的一些变化，它的叶子开始失去颜色。discover发现。
4.B由前文中Our family enjoyed a beautiful house plant for over thirty years.可知，作者一家很喜欢这棵植物，因此在它出现问题时会仔细地（carefully）给它浇水，照顾它。
5.A根据空后We finally picked a few almost dead leaves可知，这棵植物没有恢复（recovery）的迹象。
6.C根据上下文意思，由于我们移植时不能确定这个方法是否好用，所以我们只是尝试（tried）了这个方法。故选C。
7.A句意：让我们吃惊的是这些被栽种到新盆子里的叶子长得很茁壮。amaze使惊奇。
8.D句意：接着，对我们来说，原因变得清楚了——它的根很乱，完全绞在了一起。clear明白清楚的。
9.B句意：那些寻求个人成长或发展的人常常想做出改变，以取得更大的成就，或获得更多的快乐。由下句中they outgrow their environment可知，此处指那些经常寻求（look for）个人成长和发展的人。
10.D句意参考上题。既然那些人寻求个人成长或发展，就必然想做出改变。change改变。
11.A句意：然而，他们更经常地发现自己的成长超出了他们的环境，于是想要离开（take off）。根据下句Their view becomes larger and they need 12 environment to live in.可知，他们想要离开现在的环境。
12.B句意：他们的视野变得更广阔，需要更大的（larger）环境来生存。由前半句Their view becomes larger可知，他们需要更大的环境生存。
13.D句意：他们需要会给他们提供成长空间的人们。room空间。由常识可知，成长是需要空间的，此空格与上句中的environment呼应。
14.A句意：如果他们得不到满足，一些问题就一定会出现。上句提到了他们的需求，这句话肯定是说如果不满足需求，就会有问题。satisfy满足。
15.C句意：因此，如果你新发现的成长使得你摒弃旧的方向，你可能需要意识到你现在更加强大了。realize意识到。
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