外研版（2019）必修第三册 Unit2 Making a difference Starting out Using language 词汇精讲课堂课件(共36张PPT)

(共36张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
教材版本：新外研
册别单元：必修三 Unit 2 (Starting out — Using language)
本单元词汇梳理
1. contribution contribute (必修二 U6) — contribution
contribute：con- (together 一起) + tribute (贡品)
熟词生义：投稿
词块：make a (great) contribution to
2. relief relieve (v 减轻) — relief
词块：in / with relief, to one’s relief
3. shortage short + -age
词块：food / water / housing shortages, a shortage of
4. internal 词块：internal organs / injuries, internal doubts
5. effective effect (n 效果) + -ive
词块：take effective measures / steps
派生词：effectively
6. fund 词源义：基础（基金的设立可以为某项事业奠定坚实的基础）
熟词生义：“基金会”；名词动词化：“为……提供资金”
词块：raise funds for
7. recycle re- (again 再、重新) + cycle (v 循环) → 再循环 → 再利用
派生词：recycling
8. fountain 隐喻：喷泉 → 水源；源泉 → 来源
9. earn 基本义：挣得
词块：earn a / one’s living, earn money
10. donate 构词：don (to give 给) + -ate (动词后缀) → 给予 → 捐赠
词块：donate … to …；词族：donation, donate, donator
11. foundation 构词：found (= fund, 底部、基础) + -ation，与fund同源
词族：found, founder, founding, foundation
词块：lay the foundations for / of, set up / establish a foundation
12. insight in + sight → 眼睛看进去、用心灵的眼睛去看 → 深入了解
词块：give an insight into
13. reality real + -ity
词块：in reality
词族：real, really, reality, realise, unreal
14. extend ex- (out 向外) + tend (stretch 伸) → 向外伸 → 伸出；伸开
一词多义，基本义：伸出；伸开
15. mission 词块：a peacekeeping / rescue mission, mission accomplished
16. disease dis- (不；非；使相反) + ease (放松；舒服) → 不舒服、生病 → 疾病
辨析义：disease 尤指传染性疾病或者身体的某个部位得病；illness 指重病或小病均可，也可指患病期间或精神上的疾病。
17. disability 构词：dis- + ability；熟词生义：障碍
词块：a mental / physical disability, a learning disability
词族：able, ability, disable, disabled, disability
18. territory terra- (land 土地) + -ory (表示场所范围) → 领土；领地
19. sensitive 来自sense (感觉)
一词多义：基本义“敏感的”
词块：be sensitive to
20. generous gener- (birth, produce 产生) + -ous (形容词后缀) → (不断) 产生 → (物) 丰富的 → (人) 慷慨的
句式：it’s generous of sb to do sth, be generous to sb / with sth
派生词：generosity, generously
21. hesitate 词块：(not) hesitate to do sth, hesitate about / over
派生词：hesitation
22. assistance assist (v 帮助) + -ance
词族：assist, assistance, assistant
23. registration register (v 注册) → registration
24. confirmation confirm (v 确认、证实) → confirmation
contribute & contribution
重难点词
精讲
一词多义
extend
一词多义
搭配义
earn
一词多义
辨析义
sensitive
hesitate
一词多义
foundation
熟词生义
contribute v
vt & vi 贡献；捐助；捐献：
It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum of money.
contribute (sth) to sth:
Immigrants have contributed to American culture in many ways.
contribute (money) to the Red Cross
vi 造成 / 促使（某事发生）to help to make sth happen：
Alcohol contributes to 100, 000 deaths a year in the US.
Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses.
vt & vi 投（稿）；撰（稿）：
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
温故：必修二 U6
con- (一起) + tribute (贡品) → contribute (一起把贡品献给) → 贡献
contribution n [C]
贡献：
I admire Edison a lot because he made a great
contribution to the world. 2008 湖南书面表达改
捐款；捐献物：
I made a contribution of $100 to / toward the church.
稿件；作品：
This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.
contributor n [C] 捐款人；撰稿人；起作用的因素
同结构：way to sth, key to sth, solution to sth
contribute语义网络图
贡献contribute
(基本义)
“贡献”人力、物力、财力等
为某事的发生做“贡献”
“贡献”稿件等
贡献；捐助；捐献
造成 / 促使
(某事发生)
投 (稿)；撰 (稿)
贡献
contribution
捐款；捐献物
稿件；作品
10
donate 和 contribute
donate
√
contribute
√
donate
√
contribute
√
donate
√
contribute
×
11
donate vt & vi 捐赠；赠送：
The retired man donated most of his savings
to the school damaged by the earthquake. 2010 江苏
donation n [C] & [U] 捐赠；赠送；捐赠物；捐款：
a generous / large / small donation
二者均可表示“捐献”，其后均可接to。表示捐钱或衣物时，二者可互换使用。
It is more meaningful to donate / contribute books and sports goods to children in need. 2013 江苏改
donate 还有“献血”之意。
Many people have donated that type of blood. 2012 北京
contribute 侧重指“贡献”，通常指贡献财力、 物力、智力等。此外，contribute 还可表示“促成”、“起作用”、“投稿”的意思。
I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world.
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
The scientist often contributes to an academic journal.
辨 donate, contribute
辨 donation, contribution
contribution 指人们为支持某团体、某机构而提供的物品，如为某学校、剧团等所捐赠的钱、物、设备等。
make a contributon / donation to charity
donation 除了指为某团体、某机构而提供的物品外，还特指向穷苦人民、受灾群众捐赠的衣服、粮食或物品等。
This is a donation of money to the disaster area.
earn
earn pocket money
赚零花钱
top earners
最赚钱的人
earn v
vt & vi 赚得；挣得：
earn a scholarship
earn money / an income / a fortune
My grandpa said last summer they earned quite
a lot by selling the fish. 2018 全国
vt 博得；赢得：
He earned praise for honesty.
earn a / one’s living 谋生：
You are old enough to earn your own living. 2011 辽宁
earnings n [C]［复数］薪水；工资
earner n [C] 赚钱者
基本义
挣得美好事物
看图猜词
foundation
foundation
[C] & [U] 基础；基本原则；根据 the idea, principle, or fact on which sth is based：
The foundation of every state is its education of its youth.
“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made,” Yang Zhenning recalled.
[U] 创建；创办 (establishment)：
the foundation of the first university
[C]［常用复数］地基；房基：
How long will it take to finish digging the foundations
[C] 基金会：
Children’s Foundation of China
词源：found (= fund, 底部、基础) + -ation，与fund同源
The year 2021 is arriving. From China’s capital Beijing, I extend my New Year wishes to you all!
2021年的脚步越来越近,我在北京向大家致以新年的美好祝福!
extend
This road extends to the river.
Their stay extends to the New Year.
The travelers decided to extend their visit to see more about the beautiful country.
extend 由前缀 ex-“向外”+ 词根 tend“伸”构成，即“向外伸” → “伸出”“伸开”。
extend 词源解读
extend v
vt 伸开；展开；伸出：
Extend your left hand.
vt & vi（使）延伸；（使）延长：
vt & vi（使）扩大；（使）扩展：
an extended family
The company extended its services to Hong Kong.
vt [正式用语] 提供；给予：
The chairman extended a warm welcome to the guest speaker.
I would like to extend my thanks to all our teachers, parents and families, who have done so much for us over the years.
extension n [C] & [U]
延伸；扩大；延长期：
a visa extension
The wire has an extension of 50 feet.
The extension of the garden will take several weeks.
The pub had an extension on Christmas Eve.
扩建部分：
The city is building an extension to the subway line.
电话分机；分机号码：
Extension 326, please!
be extension [正式用语] 再则
extend 语义网络图
伸开 / 伸出 extend
（基本义）
使身体部位伸开 / 伸出
使距离或时间伸开 / 伸出
使业务或影响伸开 / 伸出
伸开；展开
伸出
（使）延伸；
（使）延长
（使）扩大；
（使）扩展
使行动、情感等伸开 / 伸出至某人处
提供；给予
sensitive
玻璃心是一种网络用语，意指自己的心像玻璃一样易碎，用来形容敏感脆弱的心理状态，经不起批评指责或者嘲讽。
人并非生来就强大，每个人都有着脆弱敏感的一面，而我们要做的，就是在漫漫人生旅途中，不断强化自己，将自己的“玻璃心”打磨成“钻石心”。
sensitive 词源解读
善解人意的；体恤的：
She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings.
（感情）敏感的；易生气的：
a very sensitive child
She is very sensitive to criticism.
（对光、温度等）敏感的；过敏的；易受影响的：
My teeth are very sensitive to cold food.
（话题、形势等）敏感的 ：
a highly sensitive topic
sensitive adj.
表示对食物“过敏的”还有单词allergic，它们之间的差别在于allergic涉及到了身体的免疫系统。
sensitive 来自sense“感觉”，可以解释为“感觉敏锐的”，基本义为“敏感的”。
敏感的
sensitive
（基本义）
对别人的感受敏感
自己的感觉很敏感
身体对外界敏感
话题等令人敏感
sensitive语义网络图
善解人意的；体恤的
（感情）敏感的；易生气的
（对光、温度等）敏感的; 过敏的; 易受影响的
（话题、形势等） 敏感的
hesitate
Between genius and diligence, I do not hesitate to choose diligence. She is almost all the achievements in the world. — Einstein
在天才和勤奋两者之间，我毫不迟疑地选择勤奋。她是几乎世界上一切成就的催产婆。 —— 爱因斯坦
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein），出生于德国，毕业于苏黎世联邦理工学院，犹太裔物理学家。后移居美国。主要成就有提出光量子假说（Light Quantum Hypothesis），解决光电效应（photoelectric effect）问题，创立狭义相对论（Special Relativity）、广义相对论（General Relativity）等。
hesitate vi 踌躇；犹豫；顾虑：
He hesitated before he replied.
① hesitate to do sth：
I hesitate to tell you the truth.
Don’t hesitate to ask me if you have any questions. 2017 全国书面表达
② hesitate about / over：
She hesitated about / over the choice between the two dresses.
hesitation n [U] & [C] 踌躇；犹豫：
I accept the job without hesitation. 2011广东
本单元金句汇总
1. I admire Edison a lot because he made a great contribution to the world. 2008 湖南书面表达改
2. You are old enough to earn your own living. 2011 辽宁
3. I would like to extend my thanks to all our teachers, parents and families, who have done so much for us over the years.
4. She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings.
5. Don’t hesitate to ask me if you have any questions. 2017 全国书面表达
6. I accept the job without hesitation. 2011广东
随堂检测
一、选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1. All ____________________（捐款）will be gratefully received.
2. All ________________（稿件）for the May issue must be received by Friday.
3. He took pride in _________________________________ to the world.（2014 广东）
4. Many people have ____________ that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs more.（2012 北京）
5. The lady has __________________ a considerable amount of savings to help college students struggling with financial difficulties.（2014 广东）
二、将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 他给那所学校捐了一万美元。(contribution)
_______________________________________________________________
2. 他对项目的成功做出了杰出贡献。(contribution)
____________________________________________________________
contribute & contribution & donate & donation
He made a contribution of 10,000 dollars to / toward(s) the school.
He made a great contribution to the success of the project.
contributions / donations
contributions
having contributed / his contribution
donated
donated / contributed
contribute, contribution, donate, donation
根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。
1. It has taken years to ___________________（赢得他们的信任）.
2. As a teacher, she had _____________________________（赢得了她学生的尊敬）.
3. I wish we could help him to ___________________（挣钱）. His family is suffering so much.（2020 山东改）
4. Although these books will not help you to ___________________（谋生）, they will help you to live more fully.
earn their trust
earned the respect of her students
earn money
earn
earn your / a living
根据句意写出foundation的汉语释义。
1. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.（2016 江苏） __________
2. Starting learning English from childhood will help students lay a solid foundation for their future English learning. ___________
3. Jackscrews（螺旋千斤顶）are used to separate the large, heavy structures from their foundations.（2015 湖南改） ___________
4. Since the foundation of New China, the development of the Chinese nation has entered a new era. ___________
foundation
地基
成立
基金会
基础
extend
一、翻译下列短语。
1. 扩建房子 ___________________
2. 延长最后期限 __________________
3. 向某人伸出友谊之手 __________________
4. 向……致以热烈的问候 ___________________
二、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. We shall do whatever we can to extend our service. ______________
2. Careful use can extend the life of your washing machine. ______________
3. Although the marathon is a physical test, the lessons learned extend far beyond the body. ______________
extend the house
extend the deadline
extend the hand of friendship to sb
扩展
延长寿命
延伸
extend a warm greeting to
一、翻译下列短语。
1. 敏感皮肤 ___________________
2. 对光线敏感 __________________
3. 政治敏感问题 __________________
二、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. A fish is a cold-blooded animal and very sensitive to water temperature. （2015 广东阅读改） ______________
2. Teenagers are often very sensitive about their appearance. ______________
3. Her experiences make her sensitive to other people’s troubles. ______________
4. The fact that he gives you such sensitive documents suggests that you are still close friends. ______________
sensitive skin
be sensitive to light / light-sensitive
敏感的
敏感的
善解人意的 / 体恤的
a politically sensitive issue
机密的
sensitive
将下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。
I ________ ________ for a moment __________ taking the job. (hesitate)
I took the job ________ ________. (hesitation)
I ________ ________ ________ ________ taking the job. (hesitation)
2. 如果你有任何问题，请尽管问我们。
If you have any questions, please ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.（2011 湖北）
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ us if you have any further problem.（2009 福建）
without
had
hesitate
don’t
Don’t
didn’t
hesitate
about / over
hesitation
no
hesitation
in
hesitate
to
ask
us
hesitate
to
turn
to
谢
谢
观
赏