外研版（2019）必修第三册Unit2 Making a difference单元考点突破（学案，无答案）

名师原创：Unit2 单元考点突破
●词汇精讲
1. contribution n. 捐款; 捐献物; 贡献; 稿件; 作品
【原句再现】
…Talk about the contribution these people made to society.
【词块积累】
contribute vt.&vi. 捐助; 捐献; 贡献; 造成/促使(某事发生); 投(稿); 撰(稿)
contributor n 捐款人; 撰稿人; 起作用的因素
contribute (sth) to sth 对….奉献…
contribute (money) to the Red Cross向红十字会捐钱
contribute to …对…做出贡献，对….起作用
【精品例句】
It was generous of her to con tribute such a large sum of money.
她很大方，捐了这么一大笔钱
He never contributes (ideas) to the discussion. 他在讨论时从不发表意见
Alcohol contributes to 100, 000 deaths a year in the US.
在美国，酒精每年造成10万人死亡
Stress is a contributing factor in many illnesses.
压力是诸多疾病的致病因素
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了许多文章
I gave a contribution of $100 to / toward the church. 我给教堂捐了1 00美元
This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.
这是一本由著名旅行作家撰稿的杂志。
【高考链接】
I admire Edison a lot because of his great contribution ________ the world. (湖南卷)
(to/toward)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Immigrants have contributed ________the British culture in many ways. (to/toward)
2. relief n．减轻，缓解
【原句再现】
The amount of relief and comfort experienced by the sick after the skin has been carefully washed and dried，is one of the commonest observations made at a sick bed.
【词块积累】
relieve vt. 使减轻，使解除（痛苦/忧愁）
to one’s relief 令人宽慰的是/令人释怀的是
in relief 如释负重，松了口气
【精品例句】
To our great relief, the accident caused little damage.
令我们宽慰的是，事故造成的损失很小
The doctor said it was only a slight wound. What a relief. 医生说，只是轻伤，谢天谢地
Those who suffer from headache will find they get relief from this medicine.
那些饱受头疼折磨的将会发现使用这些药物可以缓解疼痛
Hearing that he had passed the exam, he sighed in relief.
听说自己通过了考试，他松了口气
I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.
当我听说我考试通过的时候，我感到轻松多了
It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.
能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了
【高考链接】
-- Don’t worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu. (江苏卷)
-- _____! I’ll tell Dad there’s nothing serious.
A. What a relief B. Congratulations C. How surprising D. I’m sorry (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Much _____ her relief，she saw the door open. (to)
She longed for something to _______ (relief)the tiredness of everyday life. (relieve)
3. shortage n．短缺，不足，缺乏
【原句再现】
Freshwater shortage less than 1，000 m3/capita/year
【词块积累】
short adj.　短的；不足的；矮的，低的
shorts 短裤
shorten vt. 使变短，缩短；反义词是：lengthen
shortly adv. 立刻，不久
shortly after… ….后不久
shortcoming n. 缺点，短处
overcome shortcomings 克服缺点
in short 总之，简言之
cut/make a long story short 长话短说
food/water/housing shortage. 食物/用/住房短缺
be short for 是…简称，缩写
be short of 缺少……
【精品例句】
He is too short to become a basketball player. 他太矮，当不了篮球运动员
The bus stop is a short way off. 公交站离这里不远
His answer was short and to the point. 他的回答简明切题
UN is short for United Nations. UN是United Nations 的缩写
He is short of funds right now. 他目前缺资金
The report seemed to be short of facts. 这个报告似乎缺乏事实依据
In short, I will do my best to help make the sports meeting a success.
总之，我会尽力促成此次运动会的成功
To overcome a shortage of medical staff, 10 doctors have been employed from overseas.
为解决医务人员不足问题，已从海外聘请了十名医生
Smoking shortens your life. 吸烟会减寿
He finished a difficult task on his own shortly after he entered the company.
他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨任务
【高考链接】
-- Why didn’t you buy the camera you had longed for
-- I had planned to, but I was ￡50 ______
A. fewer B. less C. cheap D. short (D)
The shopkeeper gave us _____ weight we got 9 kilos instead of 10 kilos.
A. scarce B. short C. light D. slight (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
WHO is short _____ World Health Organization，which is devoted to helping improve the world's health condition. But now it is short ______ enough experienced medical workers. And it also finds the ______ of freshwater made the living conditions worse in some countries. (for; of; shortage)
4. effective adj.有效的; 生效的
【原句再现】
Now tick the solutions that you think are most effective to supply Africa with fresh water.
【词块积累】
effect n. 结果; 效力; 作用; 影响
effectively adv有效地
efficiency 效率;效能
greenhouse effect温室效应
bring / put.. into effect实施;实行
in effect 在实施中;有效
take effective measures / steps 采取有效措施
take effect, 相当于come into effect 生效; 起作用
【精品例句】
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world. 全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生重大影响
Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect.
一些18世纪的法律至今仍然有效
These measures are just beginning to take effect.这些措施刚开始见效
【高考链接】
The more I understood fish, the more I became ______________ (effect) at finding and catching them. (广东卷) (effective)
If you can find whatever learning method suits you, your learning _______ (effective) is likely to improve greatly. (上海课改卷) (efficiency)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
It is uncertain what side ______ (effectively) the medicine will bring about. (effect)
5. earn vt. 挣(钱)；赚得，挣得；博得；赢得
【原句再现】
At first，his plan was to earn money to build a single well somewhere in Africa.
【词块积累】
earnings 薪水，工资
earn a scholarship 获得奖学金
earn an income/a fortune 挣收入/大钱
earn money＝make money 挣钱
earn one's/a living　谋生
earn one's fame/a reputation 赢得名声
【精品例句】
He earned praise for honesty. 他因诚实而赢得了赞扬
Renting your house out as a “film set” could earn you hundreds of pounds a day.
把房子租出去作为拍摄背景一天能挣几百英镑
He earns a/his living by doing odd jobs. 他靠打零工谋生
How much does a cook earn in your country 在你们国家，一位厨师能挣多少钱？
I want to earn a lot of money when I grow up.长大后，我想挣大钱
He works hard，but he does not earn much money.他工作很努力，但钱赚得不多
【高考链接】
You are old enough to ____ your own living. (辽宁卷)
A. win B. gain C. take D. earn (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
How does she earn ______ (she) living after she left her family (her)
He ____ (earn) a good reputation as a teacher since he graduated. (has earned)
6. under control在控制中；情况正常
【原句再现】
...it's the best smile in the world；and there's nobody hurt，and the well is under control.
【词块积累】
“under＋n.”表示正在进行的动作或表示被动意义，其中名词前不用冠词。
under construction　正在建设中
under repair在修理中
under discussion在讨论中
under treatment正在接受治疗
【精品例句】
If our neighbor continues to refuse to keep his dog under control，we have to take him to court. 如果我们的邻居继续拒绝对他的狗加以控制，我们就不得不控告他了
Luckily，the big fire was under control as soon as the firefighters came.
幸运的是，消防员一来到大火就控制住了
【高考链接】
There are four underground lines in this city，and several lines are ______ construction.(浙江卷) (under)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The question under _____ (discuss)is about education of preschool children. (discussion)
7. give up放弃，停止
【原句再现】
Two thousand dollars was a lot of money，but Ryan didn't give up.
【词块积累】
give in (to)　屈服(于)
give out 分发；用光；放出
give away 赠送；泄露
【精品例句】
He give up his seat to a pregnant woman. 他把座位让给了一位孕妇
The following are some ideas to help people to give up smoking.
下面是一些帮助人们戒烟的方法
She will give up this journey if the weather isn't so satisfying.
如果天气不那么让人满意，她将放弃这次旅行
No one can make him give up his dream of becoming a basketball player.
没有人能让他放弃他当篮球运动员的梦想
【高考链接】
Body language can ____ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Can you give _____ the papers to the students present，please (out)
If a person has not had enough sleep，his action will give him _____ during the day.
(away)
8. break into a smile突然笑起来
【原句再现】
He broke into a joyful smile.
【词块积累】
break into　破门而入；强行闯入
break down出故障；垮掉
break out (瘟疫/火山/火灾/争吵/战争) 爆发；突然发生
【精品例句】
He is always serious and it is very hard to make him break into a smile.
他总是很严肃，很难让他突然笑起来
While reading a storybook，the young girl broke into a smile suddenly.
读故事书的时候，小女孩突然笑了起来
The student broke into a big smile as she came to her classroom.
这名学生往教室跑着，突然大笑了起来
【高考链接】
Our car broke ______ on the way and what's worse，it was getting dark.(全国卷)
A. up B. down C. out D. into (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The war broke _____ shortly after they left their country. (out)
9. reality n. 现实
【原句再现】
This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.
【词块积累】
realize/realise vt. 实现；使…成为现实；认识到，意识到
realization/realisation 实现
real adj. 真的，真实的，天然的
really adv. 真实地，确实；当真
in reality 实际上，事实上
in real life 在现实生活中
not really 不是
realize one’s dreams/hopes/ambitions 实现某人的梦想/希望/抱负
realise + that/wh- 从句，认识到；意识到
【精品例句】
This is not imagination, but reality. 这不是想象，而是事实
Outwardly she seemed confident but in reality she felt extremely nervous.
她表面上似乎自信，其实她感到极其紧张
Her wish to become a movie star was finally realized. 她当明星的愿望终于实现了
Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.
知道离开父母去意大利时，我才明白自己有多爱他们
I have realized it is your personality that decides who you truly are.
我意识到，正是你的个性决定了真正的你
I never realized how hard it is to run on sand. 我从没有意识到在沙滩上跑有多困难
【高考链接】
-- You know，I met my girlfriend’s parents for the first time only yesterday. (陕西卷)
-- _____ I thought you’d met them before.
A. So what B. Pardon C. Really D. What for (C)
-- This apple pie is so sweet, don’t you think so (山东卷)
-- ____. I think it’s just right, actually.
A. Not really B. I hope so C. Sounds good D. No wonder (A)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
When I got on the bus, I _____ (realize) I had left my wallet at home.（山东课改卷）
10. sense n. 感官；感受；意识；理解力；判断力；见识；通情达理；理智;心智；意思；意义；vt. 感觉到；察觉到
【原句再现】
He’s sensitive and rather serious, which sometimes makes him appear to be a little bookish.
【词块积累】
sensitive adj. 善解人意的；体恤的敏感的；易受他人影响的
senseless adj. 失去知觉的；无意义的；不明智的
sensible adj. 明智的；合理的；可觉察到的
fall senseless失去知觉
a senseless argument无意义的争论
a sensible answer/ option明智的回答/选择
a sensible increase in temperature温度的明显上升
a highly sensitive topic高度敏感的话题灵敏的
the sense of sight/ hearing / taste / touch视/听/ 味/触觉
a sense of loss / responsibility失落感/责任感
a sense of direction / rhythm /humor方向/节奏/幽默感
common sense常识
a man of sense通情达理的人
come to one's senses恢复理性；苏醒
lose one's senses 失去理智
in a sense从某种意义上说
in no sense决不
make sense讲得通；有道理；合乎情理
make sense of弄懂..的意思
there is no sense in (doing) sth (做)某事是没道理的
【精品例句】
He gets a great sense of fulfillment from his work. 他从工作中获得了极大的成就感
There 's a lot of sense in what she says. 她说的话很有见地
He tried to memorize the sense of every word and phrase. 他试图记住每个词语的意思
He writes stories all the time, so in a sense, he's a writer.
他总是在写故事，因此从某种意义上说， 他是个作家
In no sense do I agree with this suggestion. 我决不赞成这个建议。
The hotel was in no sense comfortable.
这家酒店一点儿也不舒适。(温馨提示：in no sense用于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)
Planning so far ahead makes no sense - so many things will have changed by next year.
提前这么久做计划没有意义，许多事情到第二年可能都已经变了
Can you make any sense of this article 你能看懂这篇文章吗
There 's no sense in getting upset about it now. 现在没有必要为这件事烦恼
The deer sensed the danger and ran into the woods. 小鹿察觉到危险，跑进了树林
He did not appear to be sensible of the difficulties that lay ahead.
他看上去并没有意识到面前的困难
There s no doubt that the consumers are still very sensitive to the price.
毫无疑问，消费者仍然对价格十分敏感
【高考链接】
See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't _____ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. (天津卷)
A. have B. make C. display D. bring (B)
Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake. (浙江卷)
A. sense B. view C. means D. idea (A)
3. What's the ______ of having a public open space where you can't eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while (福建卷)
A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion (A)
4. Compared with his sister, Jerry is even more to, and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems. (江苏卷)
A. comfortable B. addicted C. available D. sensitive (D)
【考点训练】
I am sure David will be able to find the library-- he has a pretty good ____ of direction.
A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense (D)
11. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的
【原句再现】
She’s usually very shy, but she’s generous and never hesitates to help.
【词块积累】
generosity n. 慷慨；大方
generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地
be generous to sb. 对….慷慨
be generous with…在…上慷慨/大方 （反义词组：be mean with…）
It is generous of sb. to do sth. 某人慷慨做某事
【精品例句】
She is always very generous to the kids. 她对小孩总是很慷慨
He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
他十分慷慨地给与我时间，我为此非常感激
It was generous of you to share your food with me. 你把食物分给我吃，真是慷慨啊
I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.
没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能度过那段艰难时光
【高考链接】
He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a ___ contribution to help the community.
A. commercial B. generous C. comparable D. profitable (B)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The old man offered the poor children all his money ______ (generous). (generously)
12. hesitate vi. 迟疑，犹豫；踌躇；顾虑
【原句再现】
She’s usually very shy, but she’s generous and never hesitates to help.
【词块积累】
hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫
hesitate about/over… 就…犹豫不决
hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事
【精品例句】
He hesitated before he replied. 回答前，他犹豫了一下
I hesitate to tell you the truth. 我不大想告诉你真相
If you need any help, don’t hesitate to call us. 要是你需要帮助，随时给我们打电话
She hesitated about/over the choice between the two dresses.
她对到底选择这两件衣服中的哪一件犹豫不决
I accepted the job without hesitation. 我毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作
【高考链接】
We are at your service. Don’t hesitate ____ (turn) to us if you have any further problems. (福建课改卷) (to turn)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They still hesitated ______ going abroad. (about/over)
13.assistance n. 帮助，援助
【原句再现】
In China, volunteers are also playing an increasingly important role in environmental protection, disability assistance and many other fields.
【词块积累】
assist vt.&vi. 帮助；协助
assistant n. |助手；副手；助理；店员； adj.助理的；辅助的
an assistant manager/director助理经理/主任
a teaching/shop assistant助教/店员
medical/technical assistance医疗援助/技术支持
give /offer/provide assistance to sb.帮助某人
【精品例句】
We're looking for people w ho would be willing to assist in / with the group's work.
我们正在寻找顾意帮助该小组工作的人
With the assistance of his brother, he sold one painting.
在弟弟的帮助下，他卖掉了一幅画
Can we be of assistance in any way 我们能帮上什么忙吗
辨析：
assist, help, aid 三者都有“帮助”之意，但侧重点有所不同
assist 侧重“协助、助理 ”、受助者自己要做大部分工作。
A nurse assisted the surgeon during the operation. 一位护士在手术中协助外科医生
help指给予各方面帮助。
I will help you (to) finish the housework. 我来帮助你做完家务
aid指用金钱、物资等“援助”他人，强调帮助受助者脱离困难
She is always aiding the student with money. 她一直在资助那个学生
【高考链接】
I swam to Dad quickly and assisted him ______ (climb) onto t he boat.（重庆课改卷）
(in climbing/to climb)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
She is an excellent ______ (assist) manager. (assistant)
14. achievement n. 成绩；成就
【原句再现】
Later, Winton received various honours for his achievement, including a knighthood in 2003. and the Czech government’s highest honor, the Order of the White Lion, in 2014.
【词块积累】
achieve vt. 取得；完成；实现
achieve success 取得成功
achieve one’s goal/dream 实现目标/梦想
great scientific achievements 伟大的科学成就
a sense of achievement 成就感
【精品例句】
I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.
为了实现我的学习目标，我曾尝试过一些有效的方法
No one can achieve anything without effort. 没有人不努力就有所成就
He had achieved what he thought was impossible. 他做成了自己以为不可能的事
He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain and a determination to achieve.
他是位优秀律师，具有好的头脑和取得成功的决心
Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a sense of achievement.
看见亲手种下的一排排树，我们大家都有一种成就感
He was awarded a prize for his achievements in physics. 他因在物理学上的成就而获奖
【高考链接】
Lucy has _____ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university. (湖南课改卷)
A. acquired B. finished C. concluded D. achieved (D)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
We all take pride in his ________ (achieve) in math. (achievements)
15. treatment n. 治疗；疗法；对待
【原句再现】
In 1969, (Tu Youyou) worked as the leader of a research team aiming to discover a treatment for malaria.
【词块积累】
treat vt. 对待，看待；医疗，治疗；处理；招待，款待
treat sb/sth. as 把…看作
treat sb. to …用…招待某人；以…款待某人
fair/special treatment 公平对待/特殊处理
under medical treatment 正在接受治疗
【精品例句】
Treat other people as you hope they will treat you.
你希望别人如何对待你，你就如何对待别人
All visitors to this village are treated with kindness.
到这个村子的所有游客都受到善待
I really can’t understand you treating her like that. 我真不明白你为何那样对她
Good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 好的公众演讲训练应该把你当做一个有着个人习惯的特殊个体来对待
Don’t worry about the cost; I’ll treat you. 别担心费用，我请客
She left the hospital and treated herself to a box of chocolates. 她离开了医院，并给自己买了一盒巧克力糖吃
Fist aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.
在治疗烧伤过程中，急救处理是非常重要的第一步
【高考链接】
Young people should always treat the elders ____ respect. (陕西卷) (with)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Would you please treat me _____ eggs (to)
●本单元其他重要考点
16. look across… （目光）扫过…
He looked across the classroom at the drinking fountain. (教材)
After helping clean the window, he looked across the room to see if there was anything else he could do.
17. turn out 出席，参加；生产，制造；证明是，原来是
He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him.(教材)
The factory turns out 900 cars a week.
Unexpectedly the weather turned out pretty nice that day.
18. make one’s dream a reality= achieve one’s dream=one’s dream come true
= turn one’s dream into reality. 实现梦想/愿望
This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream reality. (教材)
19. pass away 去世，死亡
Nicholas Winton passed away on 1 July 2015, at the age of 106. (教材)
He had no children of his own, and most of his relatives had passed away.
●句式点拨
1. have trouble (in)doing sth.在……方面有困难；做某事费力
【原句再现】
As a six year old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water.(教材)
句式分析：该句是一个复合句。the words后面的部分是过去分词作定语，其中的that引导同位语从句，解释说明words的内容。该句主句的句式是have trouble (in) doing sth..表示做某事有困难。
【词块积累】
have much/some/little/no difficulty/trouble/problem(s) (in) doing sth.
做……有很大/一些/很少/没有困难
have difficulty/trouble/problem(s) with sth. 在……方面有困难
have a hard/good time (in) doing sth. 做某事经历困难/愉快的时光
【精品例句】　
We had a lot of trouble in finding your home.
我们费了好大的劲儿才找到你家。
I have great trouble remembering all these numbers in a short time.
短时间内记住这所有的数字很费劲。
I know what I want to say but I have trouble (in) expressing it clearly to others.
我知道我想说什么，但我觉得难以向别人表达清楚。
【高考链接】
The students have great difficulty with ______ this type of sentence. (陕西卷) (with)
You can't imagine the trouble we had _____ (finish) the work ahead of time. (山东卷)
（(in) finishing）
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The children are having fun ______ (play) hide and seek. （(in) playing ）
2. so...that...如此……以至于……
【原句再现】
And why is the water so dirty that it makes them sick
句式分析：该句是一个复合句。 so为副词，修饰形容词dirty；that 为连词，引导结果状语从句。
【词块积累】
(1)so＋that clause
(2)such＋that clause
【精品例句】
The teacher explained the English grammar so clearly that even I could understand it.
老师把英语语法解释的如此清晰，以至于甚至我都能听明白
I was so excited that I could not speak. 我很激动以至于说不出话来了
He got up so early this morning that he got to school ahead of all the other classmates. 他今天早晨起得早，因此比其他所有同学早到校。
【高考链接】
He told us _______ interesting a story that we all laughed. (山东卷) (to)
【考点训练】
在空白处填入适当内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
They are ______ little children that they can't do anything. (such)
●过去分词作定语（见语法课件）
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