外研版（2019）必修第三册 Unit2 Making a difference Developing ideas 词汇精讲课堂课件(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
教材版本：新外研
册别单元：必修三 Unit 2 (Developing ideas)
本单元词汇梳理
1. aid 作动词时是正式用语 (对应 help)
词块：first aid, with the aid of, come / go to sb’s aid
2. temporary 派生词：temporarily
3. military 词块：take military action, the military
4. achievement achieve + -ment
词块：a sense of achievement
5. chief 来自词根 cap (头)，词源同captain
词块：the chief problem / reason, the chief editor / engineer
6. major 一词多义：基本义“主要的”
词块：major in, the major role / part / factor
派生词：majority (必修二 U6）
7. treatment treat (v 处理；医治)+ -ment
8. obtain ob- (表示加强) + tain (to hold 拿住) → 稳稳拿住 → 获得
正式用语 (对应 get)
9. certificate cert (certain 确信) + -ific (to make 使) + -ate
词块：a graduation certificate, a birth / marriage certificate
10. further far的比较级
形容词动词化
重难点词
精讲
品质抽象名词和行为抽象名词
词块
aid
achievement
major
further
辨析义
正式用语
一词多义
一词多义
treat & treatment
一词多义
aid
What do you know about first aid
紧急救助！
aid
■ n
[U] 援助；救助；帮助：
do / give / offer first aid
with the aid of
[C] 辅助者；有助之物：
A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.
come / go to sb’s aid 帮助某人 (help sb)：
Be bold and brave — and mighty forces will come to your aid. 2015 天津
in aid of 帮助
■ vt & vi［正式用语］帮助：
Not only are pleasant mealtimes enjoyable, but they aid digestion.
辨析 assist, help, aid
三者都有“帮助”之意，但侧重点有所不同。
assist 侧重“协助”“助理”，受助者自己要做大部分工作。
A nurse assisted the surgeon during the operation.
help 指给予各方面帮助。
I will help you (to) finish the housework.
aid 指用金钱、物资等“援助”他人，强调帮助受助者脱离困难。
She is always aiding the student with money.
生活中的 achievement
achieve v
vt（凭借努力）达到（目标、标准）to succeed in reaching a particular goal, status or standard, especially after much effort (attain)：
achieve success / progress
Happiness is achieved through hard work.
I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals. 2014 江西书面表达
vt 完成 to succeed in doing sth or causing sth to happen (accomplish)：
No one can achieve anything without effort.
He achieved what he had thought impossible. 2009 北京改
vi 获得成功 to be successful：
He is an excellent lawyer with a good brain and a determination to achieve. 2009 陕西
achievable adj 可达到的；可获得的
achievement n
[U] 达成；完成 the act or process of achieving sth：
Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a sense of achievement.
It is only the achievement of these goals that will finally bring lasting peace.
[C] 成就；功绩；成绩：
great scientific achievements
He was awarded a prize for his achievements in physics.
抽象名词具体化
想过未来考大学选什么专业吗？
“专业”一词用major来表达。
major
major
adj
[常用于名词前] 主要的；重要的 very large or important 反 minor：
a major cause
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population. 2011 广东
major 最常用于不定冠词a之后，与单数名词连用，或与复数名词连用。
major 与 the 或 my / your / her / his / our / their 连用时意为“最主要的；最重要的”，此时 major 用以指人的想法或担忧，而非物质的东西，且较main正式。
Our major concern here is fighting poverty.
Be careful crossing the major road.
辨析 major & main
严重的 (serious)：
There is a major problem with parking in many cities.
(AmE)（课程）主修的：
the major subjects
n [C]（大学里的）主修科目；主修（某科目的）学生：
I think I should change my major to art history.
Are most of you English majors
vi 主修；专攻
major in 主修；专攻：
He inspires me to major in English in college, to be a bridge between China and the world. 2016 北京书面表达
既可指主修的科目，也可指主修某科目的学生
treatment
在欧美国家,每年万圣节期间孩子们晚上都会挨家挨户敲门，主人一开门他们就大声喊trick or treat。trick or treat是什么意思呢？节日本身赋予它的含义是“不给糖就捣乱”。treat在这个习语中意为“款待”。
treat vt
对待；看待：
Treat other people as you would like to be treated. —— 伊索
Your parents treat you as an adult, while mine treat me as a child.
招待；款待；请（客）：
Don’t worry about the cost; I’ll treat you.
My dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never
before. 2018 浙江
医治；治疗：
Which doctors are treating her for her illness
（化学）处理：
Beijing is able to treat 90 percent of waste water.
基本义：对待
treat n [C] 招待；款待；乐事：
He took his son to the cinema, as a birthday treat.
When we were kids, a trip to the park was a real treat.
treatment n
[U] 对待；处理：
fair / special treatment
[C] & [U] 治疗；疗法：
need / require hospital / medical treatment
The best treatment for / of a cold is to rest and have lots of water.
treat 语义网络图
对待
基本义
“对待”某人或某物
对待；看待
“对待”客人朋友等
“对待”病人
用化学方式“对待”某物
招待；款待；请（客）
医治；治疗
（化学）处理
v
n
招待；款待；乐事
treatment
对待；处理
治疗；疗法
further
Go further！ 进无止境
福特公司的品牌口号：进无止境 (Go Further) 。
广告中展示了生活总是难免会遇到一些囧事，比如风筝飞太高挂树上了；爬上房修屋顶梯子突然倒了；投个篮吧没中也就罢了，还卡篮筐上了……虽说都是小事，却足够使你抓狂一阵，但我们决不能故步自封。
Today and tomorrow, we’re going further, so you can.
adj [只用于名词前]（距离、时间、程度上）更远的；进一步的；更多的：
at the further end of the room
We have decided to take no further action.
My cousin left home to Australia for his further study last year.
2010 山东书面表达改
Visit our website for further details / information.
further
[far的比较级]
adv（距离、时间、程度上）更远地；进一步地：
I would be delighted to have the opportunity to discuss my application further with you.
I can lend you 50 dollars, but I can’t go any further than that.
vt 促进；增进：
Education needn’t only be about furthering your career.
further, farther
两者都为far的比较级，但是farther只用于本义“（空间距离上的）更远”。
Africa is further / farther from England than France.
辨
析
形容词动词化
抽象名词
比起中文来，英文不但富于抽象名词，也喜欢用抽象名词。——余光中
品质抽象名词和行为抽象名词
adj able possible strong important happy
n 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
v contribute assist treat achieve donate
n 6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. _______
ability
possibility
strength
importance
happiness
contribution
assistance
treatment
achievement
donation
由形容词派生而来的抽象名词叫作品质抽象名词，由动词派生而来的抽象名词叫作行为抽象名词。
说出下列单词的名词形式。
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义，体会英汉表达差异。
1. Love is the master key that opens the gates of happiness. _____________
2. Green has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. _____________
3. Such a goal is impossible of achievement. _____________
4. Given the choice, I would make donations to those who still live under the bottom line of the modern living condition.（2014 广东） _____________
幸福之门
能（= is able to）
实现
捐款
品质抽象名词翻译成汉语时，可以通过形容词的释义来帮助理解，常译成汉语的形容词。
行为抽象名词翻译成汉语时，可以通过动词的释义来帮助理解，常译成汉语的动词。
brave, charming, cheerful, confident, considerate, cool, curious, determined, diligent, easy-going, energetic, fearless, friendly, funny, generous, hard-working, helpful, honest, independent, inspiring, intelligent, loyal, modest, outgoing, outspoken, patient, polite, responsible, sincere, strong-minded, thoughtful warm-hearted, etc.
话题词汇：personal qualities
personal qualities
neutral
positive
negative
average, bookish, playful,
self-conscious, sensitive,
straight-forward, strict,
stubborn, etc.
childish, depressed, distant, greedy, impatient, inactive, lazy, narrow-minded,
self-centred, selfish,
short-sighted, mean, sad, shallow, slack（吊儿郎当的）, etc.
金句汇总
1. Be bold and brave — and mighty forces will come to your aid. 2015 天津
2. I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals. 2014 江西书面表达
3. No one can achieve anything without effort.
4. Seeing the lines of trees we had planted, we all had a sense of achievement.
5. Treat other people as you would like to be treated.
随堂检测
根据所给提示用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. I really think all children should be taught ___________（急救）.（2014 四川）
2. ______________（在……的帮助下）an architect who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations.
3. In tonight’s Easter special they ______________（来帮助）of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.（2018 全国）
aid
first aid
With the aid of
come to the aid
一、写出画线部分的汉语释义。
___________ 1. Your achievement is something to be proud of.
___________ 2. The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your confidence.（2013 重庆完形）
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ___________ (achieve).
2. Man’s first walk on the moon was ___________ great technological achievement.
3. In the last few years, China has made great ___________ (achieve) in environmental protection.（2015 北京改）
成就
达成；完成
achievement
achievement
a
achievements
1. 这次期末考试我们取得了优异的成绩。
___________________________________________
2. 李华终于实现了自己的梦想，考上了北京大学。
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
3. 爸爸妈妈对我的成就感到骄傲。
___________________________________________
We achieved very good results in the final exams.
Li Hua eventually achieved his dream of going to Peking University.
三、翻译句子。
My parents were proud of my achievements.
写出下列句子中major的词性及释义。
1. The Sun is the major source of energy for our planet.（2008 江苏）_________
2. She found that personality had a major impact on learning. （2014 湖北） _________
3. On average, engineering majors expect to start at about $62,000 a year.（2016 全国） _________
4. — What You change your major You switch majors _________
— Yeah, I really thought about it. After talking it over with mom, I’ve decided to major in wild life science.（2009 广东） _________
5. Monkey-pox（猴痘）doesn’t look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person. （2009 全国） _________
adj 主要的
adj 重要的
n 主修（工程专业）学生
major
n 专业
v 主修；专攻
adj 严重的
一 、写出画线词的汉语释义。
1. We treated Mom to lunch at the Savoy. ___________
2. She treats me like one of his families. ___________
3. Eleven people were treated for minor injuries. ___________
4. The metal has been treated against rust（锈）. ___________
5. Anyone, once tested positive for COVID-19, will receive free treatment from our government.（2013 福建改） ___________
6. She was given the VIP treatment after winning a gold medal. ___________
treat & treatment
请（客）
看待 / 对待
治疗
（化学）处理
治疗
待遇 / 对待
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Young people should always treat the elders ______ respect.（2015 陕西）
2. My parents still treat me __________ a child.
3. Loretta Lynn is being treated ________ a very bad cold.
4. Nowadays, malaria（疟疾）can be treated _______ drugs.
5. After years of regular ___________ (treat), she finally became healthy.（2016 天津）
with
like / as
for
with
treatment
further
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
I can lend you 50 dollars, but I can’t go any __________ (far).
二、写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。
1. My cousin left home to Australia for his further study last year.（2010 山东） __________
2. As you go further south, you will notice a gradual change of climate. __________
3. He spent his life in furthering the cause of world peace. __________
深造
更远地
further
促进
谢
谢
观
赏