2023届高考英语二轮复习热点题型限时练（4）阅读理解D篇——（有解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023届高考英语二轮复习热点题型限时练（4）阅读理解D篇——（有解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 35.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-01 12:59:56 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
（4）阅读理解D篇——2023届高考英语二轮复习热点题型限时练
答题时间：30分钟
一、
If you were a superhero, what would your superpower be Would you want to fly or be invisible Or, perhaps, you’d rather have the power to read minds Wouldn’t that be cool
Reading minds is not as far-fetched as you might think. In fact, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a wearable device that can actually express a person’s thoughts and allow them to talk to a computer-without anyone else hearing.
The device, called AlterEgo, allows a person to control a computer and ask it questions without ever saying one word. When the individual wearing the device thinks of a word or a phrase but does not speak it, AlterEgo picks up the neuromuscular (神经肌肉) signals in that person’s jaw and face. AlterEgo sends those signals to a computer, which is programmed to associate them with specific words.
The device is fairly accurate. Inal0-person trial, AlterEgo had a92percent transcription (转录) accuracy. Researchers say that number will increase over time. “Our idea was: Could we have a computing platform that’s more internal, that combines human and machine in some ways and that feels like an internal extension of our own thoughts ” Arnav Kapur, a graduate student at the MIT Media Lab said.
So what effect could this have on communication AlterEgo can change the way humans interact with computers, allowing us to silently connect with AI assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa, Google’s Assistant or Apple’s Siri without anyone knowing. If a person is having a conversation and wants to look up a bit of information, they don’t have to take out their digital device; instead they can just think of the question. AlterEgo will answer without interrupting the conversation. The device can also help people communicate in noisy situations, such as on a factory floor in the airport.
1.Why are the questions raised in paragraph 1
A.To ask readers for their opinions.
B.To introduce the topic of the passage.
C.To inspire readers’ imagination.
D.To show the author’s curiosity.
2.What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.The questions. B.The computers. C.The signals. D.The words.
3.What influence will AlterEgo have on people’s communication
A.People can apply AI assistants skillfully.
B.People will make good mind-readers.
C.People no longer need mobile phones.
D.People can communicate more smoothly.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text’
A.AlterEgo Frees People of Thinking.
B.Wearable Device Controls Computer.
C.Silent Reader of Your Mind Comes True.
D.Communication Is Easy with AI Assistants.
二、
Emerging (新兴的) economies struggled to grow through the 2010s and pessimism hangs over them now. People wonder how they will pay debts rung up during the Covid-19 pandemic and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past.
The freshest answer is the fast-spreading digital revolution (革命). Emerging nations are adopting cutting-edge technology at a lower and lower cost, allowing them to fuel domestic demand and overcome traditional barriers to growth. Over the past decade, the number of smartphone owners has skyrocketed worldwide. The world’s emerging markets have already demonstrated the transformative effects of digital technology, which has saved the economy with old industries slowing sharply.
The digital revolution is as advanced in emerging economies as in developed ones. Among the top 30 nations by tax income from digital services as a share of GDP, 16 are in the emerging world. Since 2017, digital tax income has been growing in emerging countries at an average annual pace of 26%, compared with 11% in the developed ones.
How can it be that poorer nations are adopting digital technologies faster than the rich One explanation is habit and its absence. In societies with plentiful physical stores and services, customers are often comfortable with and slow to abandon the providers they have. Nations lacking in schools, hospitals and banks will jump at the first digital option that comes along and quickly bridge these gaps by establishing online services.
Since 2010, the cost of starting a business has held steady in developed countries while falling sharply in emerging countries, from 66% to just 27% of the average annual income. Businessmen can now launch businesses affordably, organizing much of what they need on a smartphone.
It’s early days, too. Tech revolutions usually last a long time. Innovations like the car and the steam engine were still transforming economies half a century later. While the pandemic is weakening globalization, the age of rapid digitization has just begun. This offers many developing economies a revolutionary new path to catching up with the living standards of the developed world.
5.Where are people more willing to accept digital services
A. In developed societies. B. In overpopulated nations.
C. In economies with poor online services. D. In countries short of basic public facilities.
6.How do businessmen in emerging countries benefit from digital technology
A. They can pay less tax. B. They make stable profits.
C. They do business at lower costs. D. They enjoy a bigger share of the market.
7.Why are "the car and the steam engine" mentioned in the last paragraph
A. To prove old inventions will finally go out of style.
B. To indicate digitization will have a long-term impact.
C. To explain innovations will take a long time to be adopted.
D. To imply developing countries will overtake developed ones.
8.What’s the best title of the text
A. The Global Economy Is Looking Up
B. Emerging Economies Struggle in the Pandemic
C. Digital Tech Saves the Declining Emerging Markets
D. Digital Service Is Progressing Slowly in Rich Countries
三、
The first model of Apple’s iPhone was launched in June 2007. Since then, many different smartphones have been introduced. The devices now influence our daily lives in many ways. One thing that has changed is that many people now use their phones to easily take pictures without the need for a camera. Not surprisingly, this change has caused major business problems for camera manufacturers.
Of course, the camera built into the first iPhone 15 years ago did not include a high-quality camera able to compete with separate camera models. But over the years, smartphone makers have invested heavily in research and development to change that. Today, many smartphones have high-quality cameras designed to produce better pictures. And most phone devices also offer powerful tools to improve the quality of the pictures we take.
Japan’s Camera & Tmaging Products Association (CIPA) said the digital camera market continually expanded starting in 1999. It experienced its first decrease in 2009—and continued to fall thereafter. The biggest change appeared from 2010 to 2020, when worldwide camera shipments fell about 93 percent, CIPA reported. The decreases were mainly caused by drops in shipments of digital cameras that have built-in lenses.
However, camera makers have had more success selling digital cameras with interchangeable lenses. This is because these cameras are generally targeted at professional photographers who demand higher quality. Such cameras can produce “high image quality that distinguishes them from smartphones,” CIPA said.
But this does not mean that professional photographers never use smartphones to capture pictures. Brynn Anderson is based with the AP in Atlanta, Georgia. She said: “Sometimes being a photographer with a larger camera can be intimidating to the person being photographed. Using a phone makes it easier for me to get comfortable moments that might not happen otherwise.” Rodrigo Abd, an AP photographer in Buenos Aires, Argentina says using the iPhone makes it easier for him “to always be attentive” to everyday events when not covering a news story. Oded Balilty is based in Tel Aviv, Israel. “It is definitely an alternative tool,” he said of the iPhone. But he added: “It’s the photographer not the device, that determines the quality of a photo.”
9.What is the potential cause of the first decrease of digital cameras in 2009
A.Less money was invested to improve digital cameras.
B.Cameras had been built into smartphones and improved.
C.Fewer digital cameras with built-in lenses were produced
D.The digital camera market stopped promoting new products.
10.Why do digital cameras with interchangeable lenses enjoy good sales.
A.They are more affordable.
B.They have superb shooting quality.
C.They offer the power to beautify photos.
D.They are specially designed for professionals.
11.What does the underlined word “intimidating ” in the last paragraph probably pean
A.Amusing. B.Demanding. C.Rewarding. D.Scaring.
12.What does Oded Balilty mean
A.The level of the photographer depends on the iPhone.
B.The iPhone completely replaces his professional tool.
C.The professional skills of the photographer is crucial.
D.The iPhone enables him to work at any time and place.
四、
Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other times may actually cause such mood disorders. Long-lasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals. The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Center. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetes - that can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.
In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their pared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks, “A sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed.” Bedrosian says.
In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of "behavioral despair”, 10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal light- dark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioral symptoms by injecting the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.
Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but can't easily detect molecular underpinings (分子基础)as animal studies can，says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behavior."
13.After being exposed to continuous nighttime light, he mice ____ .
A. changed their preferences B. escaped from the water more eagerly
C. remained active as before D. showed less interest in their favorites
14.What does the underlined word “quash" in Para. 4 probably mean
A. study B. predict C. ease D. cause
15.We can learn from the last paragraph that _____.
A. light at night may have practical effects on people
B. the biological clock is beneficial to humans
C. human mood disorders cannot be healed easily
D. human studies are more important than animal studies
16.What is the main idea of the passage
A. Nighttime light may foster depression.
B. A drug has been found to cure mood disorders.
C. The study on animals can be applied to humans.
D. Human biological clock can be controlled by light.
五、
Every language and culture has curse words(脏话). What gives a curse word its power is partly its meaning and partly its sound. “In English, for example, curse words tend to contain a high percentage of plosive sounds—including P, T and K, ”said Ryan McKay, a psychologist at University of London.
Dr. McKay teamed up with his colleague Shiri Lev-Ari to learn whether this familiar pattern went beyond English. They wondered whether it might even represent what's called sound symbolism. Sound symbolism is when a word sounds like what it means.
The researchers first asked fluent speakers of Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Korean and Russian to list the most vulgar(粗俗的) words they could think of. Once they'd made a list of each language's most frequently used curse words, the researchers compared these with neutral words from the same language. In these languages, they didn't find the plosive sounds that seem common in English curse words. “Instead, we found that the vulgar words were defined by what they lacked: the approximant sounds that include letters I, L, R, W and Y, ”Dr. Lev-Ari said.
Next, the scientists invited 215 native speakers of six languages: Arabic, Chinese, Finnish, French, German and Spanish. The participants listened to pairs of words in a language they didn't speak, and guessed which word in each pair was offensive. In reality, all the words were invented. For example, the researchers started with the Albanian word “zog, ” for “bird, ”and created the pair of fake words “yog" and “tsog. ”Participants were more likely to guess that words without approximants, such as “tsog, ” were curses.
Finally, the researchers combed through the dictionary for English curse words and their cleaned-up versions. Once again, the clean versions included more of the sounds I, L, R, W and Y.
A 20th-century linguistic(语言学的)principle claimed that the sounds of words were arbitrary: Any word could have any meaning. With curse words, though, as in other cases of sound symbolism, “the sounds themselves seem to carry meaning, ”said Lev-Ari. “That's a new thing, ”said linguist Benjamin Bergen. “Curse words across languages, unrelated to each other, may pattern similarly. ”He also pointed out, to make sure the pattern of approximants missing from curses isn't an accident, it would be nice to find it in an even larger sample of languages.
17.What is the purpose of McKay and Lev-Ari's research
A. To analyze a phenomenon. B. To confirm an assumption.
C. To explain a definition. D. To challenge a theory.
18.What were the participants asked to do in the second part of the research
A. To decide which curse words are used more frequently.
B. To make up new curse words from real words.
C. To guess a word's offensiveness according to its sound.
D. To identify the approximants in curse words.
19.According to Lev-Ari, which of the four is likely to sound offensive
A. tusck B. sola C. darn D. biach
20.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The old linguistic principle of sounds and meanings is wrong.
B. In sound symbolism, a word's sound represents its meaning.
C. The research reveals the similarities between different languages.
D. The result of the research is not fully accepted by scientists.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段Or, perhaps, you'd rather have the power to read minds Wouldn't that be cool 或者,也许,你宁愿拥有读心术的能力 那不是很酷吗 可知,第一段的提问是用来引出本文要谈论的主题的,故选B。
2.答案：C
解析：代词指代题。根据第三段AlterEgo picks up the neuromuscular(神经肌肉) signals in that persons jaw and face. AlterEgo sends those signals to a computer, which is programed to associate them with specific words. AlterEgo接收到人的下巴和面部的神经肌肉信号,AlterEgo将这些信号发送到计算机,计算机通过编程将这些信号与特定的单词联系起来。可知,这里的"them"代表的是前句的"信号"。A.The questions问题;B.The computers电脑;C.The signals信号;D.The words话。故选C。
3.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段The device can also help people communicate with their voice in noisy situations, such as on a factory floor or on the deck of an aircraft carrier.该设备还可以帮助人们在嘈杂的环境中,如在工厂地板上或在航空母舰的甲板上,用他们的声音交流。可知,它可以让人们的交流更顺畅,故选D。
4.答案：C
解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段Reading minds is not as far–fetched as you might think. In fact, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a wearable device that can actually express a person's thoughts and allow them to talk to a computer without anyone else hearing.读心术并不像你想象的那么牵强。事实上,麻省理工学院的研究人员已经开发出一种可穿戴设备,它可以真实地表达一个人的想法,并允许他们在没有其他人听到的情况下与计算机对话。可知,本文主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究人员开发出了一种可以真实地表达一个人的想法,并允许他们与电脑对话,而不会让别人听到的设备。即C.Silent Reader of Your Mind Comes True (沉默的读者,你的思想变成现实),符合主题,故选C。
二、
5.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。 根据第四段的"Nations lacking in schools, hospitals and banks will jump at the first digital option that comes along and quickly bridge these gaps by establishing online services.(缺乏学校、 医院和银行的国家将会欣然接受第一个出现的数字化选择, 并通过建立在线服务迅速弥补这些差距。)"可知,缺乏基本公共设施的国家更愿意接受数字服务。故选D。
6.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段的"Since 2010, the cost of starting a business has held steady in developed countries while falling sharply in emerging countries, from 66% to just 27% of the average annual income. Businessmen can now launch businesses affordably, organizing much of what they need on a smartphone.(自2010年以来,在发达国家,创业成本一直保持稳定,而在新兴国家,创业成本则大幅下降,从平均年收入的66%降至27%。商人们现在可以负担得起创办企业,用智能手机组织他们需要的很多东西。)"可推断出新兴国家的商人通过以较低的成本做生意来从数字技术中获益,故选C。
7.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。 根据最后一段的"While the pandemic is weakening globalization the age of rapid digitization has just begun. This offers many developing economies a revolutionary new path to catching up with the living standards of the developed world.(在疫情削弱全球化的同时,快速数字化时代才刚刚开始。这为许多发展中经济体提供了一条革命性的新道路,以赶上发达国家的生活水平。)"可推断出最后一段提到了"汽车和蒸汽机"是为了表明数字化将产生长期影响。故选B。
8.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。 通读全文, 尤其是第一段的"People wonder how they will pay debts rung up during the Covid-19 pandemic and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past.(人们想知道他们将如何偿还Covid-19大流行期间的债务,以及他们如何能像过去那样快速增长。)"和第二段的"The freshest answer is the fast-spreading digital revolution(革命).(最新鲜的答案是迅速蔓延的数字革命。)"可知,本文主要讲的是数字革命对拯救经济的影响,因此最好的题目是C选项"Digital Tech Saves the Declining Emerging Markets(数字技术拯救衰退的新兴市场)",故选C。
三、
9.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“But over the years, smartphone makers have invested heavily in research and development to change that. Today, many smartphones have high-quality cameras designed to produce better pictures. And most phone devices also offer powerful tools to improve the quality of the pictures we take.(但多年来,智能手机制造商在研发方面投入了大量资金,以改变这种状况。如今,许多智能手机都有高质量的摄像头,旨在拍摄更好的照片。大多数手机设备也提供强大的工具来提高我们拍摄的照片的质量)”可推知,2009年数码相机销量首次下降的潜在原因是智能手机内置了摄像头,并进行了改进。故选B。
10.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, camera makers have had more success selling digital cameras with interchangeable lenses. This is because these cameras are generally targeted at professional photographers who demand higher quality. Such cameras can produce ‘high image quality that distinguishes them from smartphones,’ CIPA said.(然而,相机制造商在销售可更换镜头的数码相机方面取得了更大的成功。这是因为这些相机一般都是针对对画质要求较高的专业摄影师。CIPA表示,这类相机可以产生“与智能手机不同的高画质”)”可知,可更换镜头的数码相机销量好是因为它们有高超的拍摄质量。故选B。
11.答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Using a phone makes it easier for me to get comfortable moments that might not happen otherwise.(使用手机让我更容易获得舒服的时刻,否则这些时刻可能不会发生)”可知,使用手机更舒服,说明使用相机有时会让被拍照的人害怕,故画线词意思是“令人害怕的”。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Oded Balilty is based in Tel Aviv, Israel. ‘It is definitely an alternative tool,’ he said of the iPhone. But he added: ‘It’s the photographer not the device, that determines the quality of a photo.’(Oded Balilty在以色列特拉维夫工作。“它绝对是一种替代工具,”他在谈到iPhone时说。但他补充说：“决定照片质量的是摄影师,而不是设备。”)”可推知,Oded Balilty意思是摄影师的专业技术很关键。故选C。
四、
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。从“those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks, 'A sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed.' Bedrosian says.”可以看出，那些在夜间获得昏暗光线的老鼠失去了对甜饮料的强烈偏好，表明他们不再从曾经喜欢的活动中获得乐趣，故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。从后文“that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression”可以得知，这种药物禁止了与人类抑郁症相关分子的活动，也就是这种药物可以缓解症状，故选C。
15.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。从最后一段“the change of the biological clock by light at night can be 'an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behavior.'”可以看出，夜间光线对生物钟的改变可能是“调节生物学和行为的一种极其强大的力量”，也就是意味着夜间照明对人这种生物也会有影响，故选A。
16.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。文章围绕着抑郁症和光照时间展开，从开头的“But too much light at other times may actually cause such mood disorders.”到倒数第二段的药物治疗，都没有脱离这个主题，最后简单介绍了夜间光照的研究难度和生物影响，故选A。
五、
17.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“In English, for example, curse words tend to contain a high percentage of plosive sounds—including P, T and K, ”said Ryan McKay, a psychologist at University of London.”（伦敦大学的心理学家瑞恩·麦凯说：“以英语为例，骂人的话往往含有很高比例的爆破音，包括P、T和K。”）以及第二段中“Dr. McKay teamed up with his colleague Shiri Lev-Ari to learn whether this familiar pattern went beyond English. They wondered whether it might even represent what’s called sound symbolism.”（麦凯博士与他的同事希里·列弗-阿里(Shiri Lev-Ari)合作，研究这种熟悉的模式是否适用于英语以外的语言。他们想知道这是否代表了所谓的声音象征主义。）可推知，麦凯和列弗-阿里研究的目的是证实一种假设。故选B项。
18.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“Next, the scientists invited 215 native speakers of six languages: Arabic, Chinese, Finnish, French, German and Spanish. The participants listened to pairs of words in a language they didn’t speak, and guessed which word in each pair was offensive.”（接下来，科学家们邀请了215名以阿拉伯语、汉语、芬兰语、法语、德语和西班牙语为母语的人。参与者听了几组他们不会说的语言的单词，并猜测每组单词中哪个是冒犯性的。）可知，在第二部分研究中，参与者被要求根据一个词的发音来猜测它的冒犯性。故选C项。
19.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead, we found that the vulgar words were defined by what they lacked: the approximant sounds that include letters I, L, R, W and Y, ”Dr.Lev-Ari said.”（“相反，我们发现粗俗词汇是由它们所缺乏的东西来定义的：包括字母I、L、R、W和Y在内的近似音。” 列弗-阿里说道。）可知，结合四个选项单词，只有A项tusck没有这五个字母I、L、R、W和Y以及其字母在内近似的发音。BCD选项都涉及到这五个字母的发音。故选A项。
20.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That’s a new thing, ”said linguist Benjamin Bergen. “Curse words across languages, unrelated to each other, may pattern similarly. ” He also pointed out, to make sure the pattern of approximants missing from curses isn’t an accident, it would be nice to find it in an even larger sample of languages.”（语言学家本杰明·卑尔根说：“这是一个新事物。“跨语言的脏话，彼此之间没有关联，可能会有相似的模式。”他还指出，为了确保诅咒中缺少近似值的模式不是偶然，最好能在更大量的语言样本中找到它。）可推知，从最后一段我们能了解这项研究的结果没有被科学家们完全接受。故选D项。
2
答题时间：30分钟
一、
If you were a superhero, what would your superpower be Would you want to fly or be invisible Or, perhaps, you’d rather have the power to read minds Wouldn’t that be cool
Reading minds is not as far-fetched as you might think. In fact, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a wearable device that can actually express a person’s thoughts and allow them to talk to a computer-without anyone else hearing.
The device, called AlterEgo, allows a person to control a computer and ask it questions without ever saying one word. When the individual wearing the device thinks of a word or a phrase but does not speak it, AlterEgo picks up the neuromuscular (神经肌肉) signals in that person’s jaw and face. AlterEgo sends those signals to a computer, which is programmed to associate them with specific words.
The device is fairly accurate. Inal0-person trial, AlterEgo had a92percent transcription (转录) accuracy. Researchers say that number will increase over time. “Our idea was: Could we have a computing platform that’s more internal, that combines human and machine in some ways and that feels like an internal extension of our own thoughts ” Arnav Kapur, a graduate student at the MIT Media Lab said.
So what effect could this have on communication AlterEgo can change the way humans interact with computers, allowing us to silently connect with AI assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa, Google’s Assistant or Apple’s Siri without anyone knowing. If a person is having a conversation and wants to look up a bit of information, they don’t have to take out their digital device; instead they can just think of the question. AlterEgo will answer without interrupting the conversation. The device can also help people communicate in noisy situations, such as on a factory floor in the airport.
1.Why are the questions raised in paragraph 1
A.To ask readers for their opinions.
B.To introduce the topic of the passage.
C.To inspire readers’ imagination.
D.To show the author’s curiosity.
2.What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to
A.The questions. B.The computers. C.The signals. D.The words.
3.What influence will AlterEgo have on people’s communication
A.People can apply AI assistants skillfully.
B.People will make good mind-readers.
C.People no longer need mobile phones.
D.People can communicate more smoothly.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text’
A.AlterEgo Frees People of Thinking.
B.Wearable Device Controls Computer.
C.Silent Reader of Your Mind Comes True.
D.Communication Is Easy with AI Assistants.
二、
Emerging (新兴的) economies struggled to grow through the 2010s and pessimism hangs over them now. People wonder how they will pay debts rung up during the Covid-19 pandemic and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past.
The freshest answer is the fast-spreading digital revolution (革命). Emerging nations are adopting cutting-edge technology at a lower and lower cost, allowing them to fuel domestic demand and overcome traditional barriers to growth. Over the past decade, the number of smartphone owners has skyrocketed worldwide. The world’s emerging markets have already demonstrated the transformative effects of digital technology, which has saved the economy with old industries slowing sharply.
The digital revolution is as advanced in emerging economies as in developed ones. Among the top 30 nations by tax income from digital services as a share of GDP, 16 are in the emerging world. Since 2017, digital tax income has been growing in emerging countries at an average annual pace of 26%, compared with 11% in the developed ones.
How can it be that poorer nations are adopting digital technologies faster than the rich One explanation is habit and its absence. In societies with plentiful physical stores and services, customers are often comfortable with and slow to abandon the providers they have. Nations lacking in schools, hospitals and banks will jump at the first digital option that comes along and quickly bridge these gaps by establishing online services.
Since 2010, the cost of starting a business has held steady in developed countries while falling sharply in emerging countries, from 66% to just 27% of the average annual income. Businessmen can now launch businesses affordably, organizing much of what they need on a smartphone.
It’s early days, too. Tech revolutions usually last a long time. Innovations like the car and the steam engine were still transforming economies half a century later. While the pandemic is weakening globalization, the age of rapid digitization has just begun. This offers many developing economies a revolutionary new path to catching up with the living standards of the developed world.
5.Where are people more willing to accept digital services
A. In developed societies. B. In overpopulated nations.
C. In economies with poor online services. D. In countries short of basic public facilities.
6.How do businessmen in emerging countries benefit from digital technology
A. They can pay less tax. B. They make stable profits.
C. They do business at lower costs. D. They enjoy a bigger share of the market.
7.Why are "the car and the steam engine" mentioned in the last paragraph
A. To prove old inventions will finally go out of style.
B. To indicate digitization will have a long-term impact.
C. To explain innovations will take a long time to be adopted.
D. To imply developing countries will overtake developed ones.
8.What’s the best title of the text
A. The Global Economy Is Looking Up
B. Emerging Economies Struggle in the Pandemic
C. Digital Tech Saves the Declining Emerging Markets
D. Digital Service Is Progressing Slowly in Rich Countries
三、
The first model of Apple’s iPhone was launched in June 2007. Since then, many different smartphones have been introduced. The devices now influence our daily lives in many ways. One thing that has changed is that many people now use their phones to easily take pictures without the need for a camera. Not surprisingly, this change has caused major business problems for camera manufacturers.
Of course, the camera built into the first iPhone 15 years ago did not include a high-quality camera able to compete with separate camera models. But over the years, smartphone makers have invested heavily in research and development to change that. Today, many smartphones have high-quality cameras designed to produce better pictures. And most phone devices also offer powerful tools to improve the quality of the pictures we take.
Japan’s Camera & Tmaging Products Association (CIPA) said the digital camera market continually expanded starting in 1999. It experienced its first decrease in 2009—and continued to fall thereafter. The biggest change appeared from 2010 to 2020, when worldwide camera shipments fell about 93 percent, CIPA reported. The decreases were mainly caused by drops in shipments of digital cameras that have built-in lenses.
However, camera makers have had more success selling digital cameras with interchangeable lenses. This is because these cameras are generally targeted at professional photographers who demand higher quality. Such cameras can produce “high image quality that distinguishes them from smartphones,” CIPA said.
But this does not mean that professional photographers never use smartphones to capture pictures. Brynn Anderson is based with the AP in Atlanta, Georgia. She said: “Sometimes being a photographer with a larger camera can be intimidating to the person being photographed. Using a phone makes it easier for me to get comfortable moments that might not happen otherwise.” Rodrigo Abd, an AP photographer in Buenos Aires, Argentina says using the iPhone makes it easier for him “to always be attentive” to everyday events when not covering a news story. Oded Balilty is based in Tel Aviv, Israel. “It is definitely an alternative tool,” he said of the iPhone. But he added: “It’s the photographer not the device, that determines the quality of a photo.”
9.What is the potential cause of the first decrease of digital cameras in 2009
A.Less money was invested to improve digital cameras.
B.Cameras had been built into smartphones and improved.
C.Fewer digital cameras with built-in lenses were produced
D.The digital camera market stopped promoting new products.
10.Why do digital cameras with interchangeable lenses enjoy good sales.
A.They are more affordable.
B.They have superb shooting quality.
C.They offer the power to beautify photos.
D.They are specially designed for professionals.
11.What does the underlined word “intimidating ” in the last paragraph probably pean
A.Amusing. B.Demanding. C.Rewarding. D.Scaring.
12.What does Oded Balilty mean
A.The level of the photographer depends on the iPhone.
B.The iPhone completely replaces his professional tool.
C.The professional skills of the photographer is crucial.
D.The iPhone enables him to work at any time and place.
四、
Doctors sometimes prescribe light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other times may actually cause such mood disorders. Long-lasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals. The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Center. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetes - that can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms.
In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their pared with mice exposed to normal nighttime darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks, “A sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed.” Bedrosian says.
In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of "behavioral despair”, 10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal nighttime darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal light- dark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists also could quash the behavioral symptoms by injecting the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression.
Human studies linking nighttime light and mood disorders are important but can't easily detect molecular underpinings (分子基础)as animal studies can，says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be “an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behavior."
13.After being exposed to continuous nighttime light, he mice ____ .
A. changed their preferences B. escaped from the water more eagerly
C. remained active as before D. showed less interest in their favorites
14.What does the underlined word “quash" in Para. 4 probably mean
A. study B. predict C. ease D. cause
15.We can learn from the last paragraph that _____.
A. light at night may have practical effects on people
B. the biological clock is beneficial to humans
C. human mood disorders cannot be healed easily
D. human studies are more important than animal studies
16.What is the main idea of the passage
A. Nighttime light may foster depression.
B. A drug has been found to cure mood disorders.
C. The study on animals can be applied to humans.
D. Human biological clock can be controlled by light.
五、
Every language and culture has curse words(脏话). What gives a curse word its power is partly its meaning and partly its sound. “In English, for example, curse words tend to contain a high percentage of plosive sounds—including P, T and K, ”said Ryan McKay, a psychologist at University of London.
Dr. McKay teamed up with his colleague Shiri Lev-Ari to learn whether this familiar pattern went beyond English. They wondered whether it might even represent what's called sound symbolism. Sound symbolism is when a word sounds like what it means.
The researchers first asked fluent speakers of Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Korean and Russian to list the most vulgar(粗俗的) words they could think of. Once they'd made a list of each language's most frequently used curse words, the researchers compared these with neutral words from the same language. In these languages, they didn't find the plosive sounds that seem common in English curse words. “Instead, we found that the vulgar words were defined by what they lacked: the approximant sounds that include letters I, L, R, W and Y, ”Dr. Lev-Ari said.
Next, the scientists invited 215 native speakers of six languages: Arabic, Chinese, Finnish, French, German and Spanish. The participants listened to pairs of words in a language they didn't speak, and guessed which word in each pair was offensive. In reality, all the words were invented. For example, the researchers started with the Albanian word “zog, ” for “bird, ”and created the pair of fake words “yog" and “tsog. ”Participants were more likely to guess that words without approximants, such as “tsog, ” were curses.
Finally, the researchers combed through the dictionary for English curse words and their cleaned-up versions. Once again, the clean versions included more of the sounds I, L, R, W and Y.
A 20th-century linguistic(语言学的)principle claimed that the sounds of words were arbitrary: Any word could have any meaning. With curse words, though, as in other cases of sound symbolism, “the sounds themselves seem to carry meaning, ”said Lev-Ari. “That's a new thing, ”said linguist Benjamin Bergen. “Curse words across languages, unrelated to each other, may pattern similarly. ”He also pointed out, to make sure the pattern of approximants missing from curses isn't an accident, it would be nice to find it in an even larger sample of languages.
17.What is the purpose of McKay and Lev-Ari's research
A. To analyze a phenomenon. B. To confirm an assumption.
C. To explain a definition. D. To challenge a theory.
18.What were the participants asked to do in the second part of the research
A. To decide which curse words are used more frequently.
B. To make up new curse words from real words.
C. To guess a word's offensiveness according to its sound.
D. To identify the approximants in curse words.
19.According to Lev-Ari, which of the four is likely to sound offensive
A. tusck B. sola C. darn D. biach
20.What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The old linguistic principle of sounds and meanings is wrong.
B. In sound symbolism, a word's sound represents its meaning.
C. The research reveals the similarities between different languages.
D. The result of the research is not fully accepted by scientists.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段Or, perhaps, you'd rather have the power to read minds Wouldn't that be cool 或者,也许,你宁愿拥有读心术的能力 那不是很酷吗 可知,第一段的提问是用来引出本文要谈论的主题的,故选B。
2.答案：C
解析：代词指代题。根据第三段AlterEgo picks up the neuromuscular(神经肌肉) signals in that persons jaw and face. AlterEgo sends those signals to a computer, which is programed to associate them with specific words. AlterEgo接收到人的下巴和面部的神经肌肉信号,AlterEgo将这些信号发送到计算机,计算机通过编程将这些信号与特定的单词联系起来。可知,这里的"them"代表的是前句的"信号"。A.The questions问题;B.The computers电脑;C.The signals信号;D.The words话。故选C。
3.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段The device can also help people communicate with their voice in noisy situations, such as on a factory floor or on the deck of an aircraft carrier.该设备还可以帮助人们在嘈杂的环境中,如在工厂地板上或在航空母舰的甲板上,用他们的声音交流。可知,它可以让人们的交流更顺畅,故选D。
4.答案：C
解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段Reading minds is not as far–fetched as you might think. In fact, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a wearable device that can actually express a person's thoughts and allow them to talk to a computer without anyone else hearing.读心术并不像你想象的那么牵强。事实上,麻省理工学院的研究人员已经开发出一种可穿戴设备,它可以真实地表达一个人的想法,并允许他们在没有其他人听到的情况下与计算机对话。可知,本文主要介绍了麻省理工学院的研究人员开发出了一种可以真实地表达一个人的想法,并允许他们与电脑对话,而不会让别人听到的设备。即C.Silent Reader of Your Mind Comes True (沉默的读者,你的思想变成现实),符合主题,故选C。
二、
5.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。 根据第四段的"Nations lacking in schools, hospitals and banks will jump at the first digital option that comes along and quickly bridge these gaps by establishing online services.(缺乏学校、 医院和银行的国家将会欣然接受第一个出现的数字化选择, 并通过建立在线服务迅速弥补这些差距。)"可知,缺乏基本公共设施的国家更愿意接受数字服务。故选D。
6.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段的"Since 2010, the cost of starting a business has held steady in developed countries while falling sharply in emerging countries, from 66% to just 27% of the average annual income. Businessmen can now launch businesses affordably, organizing much of what they need on a smartphone.(自2010年以来,在发达国家,创业成本一直保持稳定,而在新兴国家,创业成本则大幅下降,从平均年收入的66%降至27%。商人们现在可以负担得起创办企业,用智能手机组织他们需要的很多东西。)"可推断出新兴国家的商人通过以较低的成本做生意来从数字技术中获益,故选C。
7.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。 根据最后一段的"While the pandemic is weakening globalization the age of rapid digitization has just begun. This offers many developing economies a revolutionary new path to catching up with the living standards of the developed world.(在疫情削弱全球化的同时,快速数字化时代才刚刚开始。这为许多发展中经济体提供了一条革命性的新道路,以赶上发达国家的生活水平。)"可推断出最后一段提到了"汽车和蒸汽机"是为了表明数字化将产生长期影响。故选B。
8.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。 通读全文, 尤其是第一段的"People wonder how they will pay debts rung up during the Covid-19 pandemic and how they can grow rapidly as they did in the past.(人们想知道他们将如何偿还Covid-19大流行期间的债务,以及他们如何能像过去那样快速增长。)"和第二段的"The freshest answer is the fast-spreading digital revolution(革命).(最新鲜的答案是迅速蔓延的数字革命。)"可知,本文主要讲的是数字革命对拯救经济的影响,因此最好的题目是C选项"Digital Tech Saves the Declining Emerging Markets(数字技术拯救衰退的新兴市场)",故选C。
三、
9.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“But over the years, smartphone makers have invested heavily in research and development to change that. Today, many smartphones have high-quality cameras designed to produce better pictures. And most phone devices also offer powerful tools to improve the quality of the pictures we take.(但多年来,智能手机制造商在研发方面投入了大量资金,以改变这种状况。如今,许多智能手机都有高质量的摄像头,旨在拍摄更好的照片。大多数手机设备也提供强大的工具来提高我们拍摄的照片的质量)”可推知,2009年数码相机销量首次下降的潜在原因是智能手机内置了摄像头,并进行了改进。故选B。
10.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, camera makers have had more success selling digital cameras with interchangeable lenses. This is because these cameras are generally targeted at professional photographers who demand higher quality. Such cameras can produce ‘high image quality that distinguishes them from smartphones,’ CIPA said.(然而,相机制造商在销售可更换镜头的数码相机方面取得了更大的成功。这是因为这些相机一般都是针对对画质要求较高的专业摄影师。CIPA表示,这类相机可以产生“与智能手机不同的高画质”)”可知,可更换镜头的数码相机销量好是因为它们有高超的拍摄质量。故选B。
11.答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Using a phone makes it easier for me to get comfortable moments that might not happen otherwise.(使用手机让我更容易获得舒服的时刻,否则这些时刻可能不会发生)”可知,使用手机更舒服,说明使用相机有时会让被拍照的人害怕,故画线词意思是“令人害怕的”。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Oded Balilty is based in Tel Aviv, Israel. ‘It is definitely an alternative tool,’ he said of the iPhone. But he added: ‘It’s the photographer not the device, that determines the quality of a photo.’(Oded Balilty在以色列特拉维夫工作。“它绝对是一种替代工具,”他在谈到iPhone时说。但他补充说：“决定照片质量的是摄影师,而不是设备。”)”可推知,Oded Balilty意思是摄影师的专业技术很关键。故选C。
四、
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。从“those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks, 'A sign they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed.' Bedrosian says.”可以看出，那些在夜间获得昏暗光线的老鼠失去了对甜饮料的强烈偏好，表明他们不再从曾经喜欢的活动中获得乐趣，故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。从后文“that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression”可以得知，这种药物禁止了与人类抑郁症相关分子的活动，也就是这种药物可以缓解症状，故选C。
15.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。从最后一段“the change of the biological clock by light at night can be 'an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behavior.'”可以看出，夜间光线对生物钟的改变可能是“调节生物学和行为的一种极其强大的力量”，也就是意味着夜间照明对人这种生物也会有影响，故选A。
16.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。文章围绕着抑郁症和光照时间展开，从开头的“But too much light at other times may actually cause such mood disorders.”到倒数第二段的药物治疗，都没有脱离这个主题，最后简单介绍了夜间光照的研究难度和生物影响，故选A。
五、
17.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“In English, for example, curse words tend to contain a high percentage of plosive sounds—including P, T and K, ”said Ryan McKay, a psychologist at University of London.”（伦敦大学的心理学家瑞恩·麦凯说：“以英语为例，骂人的话往往含有很高比例的爆破音，包括P、T和K。”）以及第二段中“Dr. McKay teamed up with his colleague Shiri Lev-Ari to learn whether this familiar pattern went beyond English. They wondered whether it might even represent what’s called sound symbolism.”（麦凯博士与他的同事希里·列弗-阿里(Shiri Lev-Ari)合作，研究这种熟悉的模式是否适用于英语以外的语言。他们想知道这是否代表了所谓的声音象征主义。）可推知，麦凯和列弗-阿里研究的目的是证实一种假设。故选B项。
18.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“Next, the scientists invited 215 native speakers of six languages: Arabic, Chinese, Finnish, French, German and Spanish. The participants listened to pairs of words in a language they didn’t speak, and guessed which word in each pair was offensive.”（接下来，科学家们邀请了215名以阿拉伯语、汉语、芬兰语、法语、德语和西班牙语为母语的人。参与者听了几组他们不会说的语言的单词，并猜测每组单词中哪个是冒犯性的。）可知，在第二部分研究中，参与者被要求根据一个词的发音来猜测它的冒犯性。故选C项。
19.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Instead, we found that the vulgar words were defined by what they lacked: the approximant sounds that include letters I, L, R, W and Y, ”Dr.Lev-Ari said.”（“相反，我们发现粗俗词汇是由它们所缺乏的东西来定义的：包括字母I、L、R、W和Y在内的近似音。” 列弗-阿里说道。）可知，结合四个选项单词，只有A项tusck没有这五个字母I、L、R、W和Y以及其字母在内近似的发音。BCD选项都涉及到这五个字母的发音。故选A项。
20.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“That’s a new thing, ”said linguist Benjamin Bergen. “Curse words across languages, unrelated to each other, may pattern similarly. ” He also pointed out, to make sure the pattern of approximants missing from curses isn’t an accident, it would be nice to find it in an even larger sample of languages.”（语言学家本杰明·卑尔根说：“这是一个新事物。“跨语言的脏话，彼此之间没有关联，可能会有相似的模式。”他还指出，为了确保诅咒中缺少近似值的模式不是偶然，最好能在更大量的语言样本中找到它。）可推知，从最后一段我们能了解这项研究的结果没有被科学家们完全接受。故选D项。
2