2023届高三英语二轮复习为鼓励创新和解决问题设置“挑战奖”等2则外刊阅读与训练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习为鼓励创新和解决问题设置“挑战奖”等2则外刊阅读与训练（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-03-01 15:32:23 | ||
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外刊精读
为鼓励创新和解决问题设置“挑战奖”
导读：
当你遇到困难的时候，会怎么办？找专家？问朋友？或者你会找陌生人来帮你解决问题，你付钱给他们作为回报？这正是“挑战奖”背后的初衷。近来，“挑战奖”这个概念再次受到人们的欢迎。跟随本集《外刊精读》，了解“挑战奖”的由来和人们利用它的原由。
一、语篇泛读
Vocabulary: Innovation and problem-solving 词汇: 创新和解决问题
What do you do when you have a problem Do you go to an expert, ask your friends to come up with an idea Or, given the chance, would you ask a crowd of strangers for a solution It may sound strange, but it has spurred more than a few successful innovations. That’s the thinking behind a 'challenge prize'.
Challenge prizes come in many shapes and sizes but the basic concept remains the same. Rather than consulting and paying an expert to innovate a solution, you offer the prize up to anyone who believes they can solve it and present the first to do so with a prize. This might sound odd - many would argue, 'Who is better qualified than an expert ' But actually, not using one seems to result in a great deal of thinking outside of the box.
Some argue that formal education can kill creativity because it sometimes only teaches a single solution to a problem or single method to achieve a task. In the same way, some suggest that experts can suffer from tunnel vision. "If we launch an XPRIZE and it's just the 'experts' that come out and compete, they're usually the ones that will tell us it can't be done." says Marcus Shingles, former CEO of the XPRIZE Foundation, which organises challenge prizes today.
There are other advantages too. "You're not asking people to use a particular solution set on how to solve that problem. So you get this tremendous amount of diversity." adds Shingles. And because the crowd acts like an impromptu think tank, its lateral thinking can throw up issues that may have been overlooked.
Challenge prizes were most popular during the 18th and 19th centuries, but have received renewed interest more recently. Historically, many practical inventions have been conceived in this way – for example, the tin can. More recently, Virgin Galactic, a company hoping to commercialise space flight, developed out of the Ansari XPRIZE 2004 winner Tier One. They successfully launched a reusable spacecraft that left the Earth's atmosphere twice in two weeks. The prize was $10m.
However, there are dangers connected to blue-sky thinking. "You don't want to be creating a challenge prize which incentivises people to solve a problem where there is no demand," says Tris Dyson, executive director of challenge prizes at Nesta, a UK-based innovation foundation. This happened in 1979 where a Kremer prize of 100,000 was claimed by the first person to fly under human power across the English Channel. Despite its successful completion, it has not led to the adoption of human-powered flight as a form of travel. And of course, there are those who invest their personal time and money only to see no return at all: someone else claims the prize, or they find that the reward does not match the resources they invested.
The pros and cons of challenge prizes affect both problem-setters and problem-solvers. But they don’t seem to be going out of style anytime soon. To many, the challenge to innovate, the lure of the prize and the prestige of being first is too much to resist. And there’s no solution for that.
二、词汇表
come up with 想出，提出
solution 解决办法
spur innovation 激发创新
concept 概念
innovate 创新（解决方案）
solve 解决
think outside the box 以新眼光看问题，跳出传统的思维框框
tunnel vision 视野狭隘，井底之蛙
think tank 智囊团
lateral thinking 横向思维
throw up issues 抛出问题
overlook 忽略，忽视
invention 创造，发明
conceive 构想出
blue-sky thinking “蓝天思考”，不着边际的想法
problem-solver 善于解决问题的人
三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What is the basic idea behind a challenge prize
2. According to Marcus Shingles, what can be the problem with ‘experts’
3. True or false: Challenge prizes have become popular only recently.
4. According to Tris Dyson, what is the danger of challenge prizes
5. Which word in the text means ‘not planned or prepared’
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. It's a good idea but I don't think it will be cost-effective to make so we all need to _________ and come up with a new plan.
thinking blue-sky
think outside the box
lateral thinking
tunnel vision
2. You have 30 minutes to ______ the answer. You may begin your exam, now.
innovation concept
overlook come up with
3. Abstract ______ such as family, freedom and duty vary from culture to culture.
concepts inventions
innovations problem-solver
4. It was only once we had implemented the solution that it ______ we hadn't anticipated.
spurred innovation
threw up issues
conceived overlooked
5. It was only once we had implemented the solution that raised difficulties we had ______.
invented overlooked
solved conceived
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What is the basic idea behind a challenge prize
You offer a problem up to everyone who believes they can solve it and present the first to do so with a prize.
2. According to Marcus Shingles, what can be the problem with 'experts'
The experts are usually the ones who say that there is no solution to a problem or that it can't be done.
3. True or false: Challenge prizes have become popular only recently.
False. Challenge prizes were most popular during the 18th and 19th centuries, but have received renewed interest more recently.
4. According to Tris Dyson, what is the danger of challenge prizes
According to Tris Dyson, creating a challenge prize incentivises people to solve a problem where there is no demand.
5. Which word in the text means ‘not planned or prepared’
Impromptu. (The crowd acts like an impromptu think tank.)
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. It's a good idea but I don't think it will be cost-effective to make so we all need to think outside the box and come up with a new plan.
2. You have 30 minutes to come up with the answer. You may begin your exam, now.
3. Abstract concepts such as family, freedom and duty vary from culture to culture.
4. It was only once we had implemented the solution that it threw up issues we hadn't anticipated.
5. It was only once we had implemented the solution that raised difficulties we had overlooked.
我们才不稀罕甜食呢！
导读：
不管你是不是甜品爱好者，都无法避免摄入日常饮食中所含的糖分。这是因为很多食物和饮料是含糖的。尽管人们都知道过度摄入糖类有害健康，但这并没有阻止一些人大量且无节制地吃甜食，从而患上肥胖、糖尿病和龋齿等疾病。本集《外刊精读》讨论对食品征收 “糖税 sugar tax” 能否扼制人们购买甜食或甜饮料的欲望。
一、语篇泛读
Vocabulary: health 词汇: 健康
There's no doubt that I have a sweet tooth – I crave cakes and biscuits and could happily finish off a bar of chocolate in minutes. I'm sure I'm not alone, the sweet sugary taste is addictive but the big question is, is it bad for me I think I know the answer!
Sugar is everywhere. Even if sweet stuff isn't your thing it's hard to avoid. In the UK, we consume over two million tonnes of sugar every year but often we don’t know we’re eating it. There have been many health campaigns, telling us about the dangers of consuming too much sugar and we have probably learnt that it should be eaten in moderation but we may be unaware of the added sugar we consume that's found in the food and drink we think of as healthy or savory, such as low-fat yoghurt and sauces.
The obvious negative effect of eating sugar is on our dental health – tooth decay is a big problem in children, partly caused by drinking too many sugary drinks. Public Health England claims a child in England has a tooth removed in hospital every 10 minutes due to preventable decay. But even if you can escape the dentist's drill, there are more worrying negative effects - repeatedly eating too much sugar can lead to weight gain and even obesity, leading to an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease and liver disease.
So what can we do to cut down on our sugar intake Well, there are low-sugar recipes you can try and apparently there are alternative foods to help us beat the sweet cravings. But potentially the most effective method is to tax the sugar we consume. It's what several countries have been doing for a while and the UK has recently jumped on the bandwagon, by forcing manufacturers to pay a levy on the high-sugar drinks they sell. It's up to the manufacturers if they pass the cost on to consumers.
But will it work University of Bedfordshire nutrition expert Dr Daniel Bailey told BBC Online that: "The increase in tax placed on soft drinks will make products more expensive, but will this actually discourage people from buying them " Maybe if you're addicted to the stuff, you'd accept paying more to buy it. But in the UK at least, several soft drinks companies have already reduced the sugar content of their products to avoid the tax.
Obviously it's better to do something rather than nothing to help improve the well-being of everyone. But with so many temptations out there, I'm not sure how easy it will be to cure my sweet tooth.
二、词汇表
sweet tooth 对甜食的渴望、喜爱
crave 渴求
consume（正式）消耗，大量地吃
health campaign 健康宣传活动
in moderation 适度
savoury 咸的
dental health 牙齿健康
tooth decay 蛀牙，龋齿
preventable 可预防的
obesity 肥胖
diabetes 糖尿病
heart disease 心脏疾病
liver disease 肝病
low-sugar recipe 低糖食谱
jumped on the bandwagon 紧跟潮流
levy 税款
discourage 打消…的念头
soft drink 汽水，软饮料
well-being 安康
temptation 诱惑
三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. True or false Savoury food is sugar-free.
2. What is removed from children every 10 minutes in England
3. Why have some drinks manufacturers reduced the sugar content in their drinks
4. Why are high-sugar drinks in the UK becoming more expensive
5. What temptations is the author referring to in the last sentence
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. When I was pregnant I used to ______ oranges but now my baby is born, I can't eat them!
levy crave
discourage temptations
2. Some doctors say that drinking red wine ______ could actually be good for your health.
on moderation
in moderning
in moderation
at moderation
3. A large ______ on alcohol seems to be encouraging people to drink less.
levy discourage
preventable health campaign
4. Once our class started recycling our water bottles, the rest of the school ______ and did the same!
went on the wagon
jumped over the bandwagon
joined the bandwagon
jumped on the bandwagon
5. Despite being an award-winning actor, he resisted the ______ to move to Hollywood.
crave temptation
preventable well being
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. True or false Savoury food is sugar-free.
False. We may be unaware of the added sugar we consume that's found in the food and drink we think of as healthy or savoury, such as low-fat yoghurt and sauces.
2. What is removed from children every 10 minutes in England
Public Health England claims a child in England has a tooth removed in hospital every 10 minutes due to preventable decay.
3. Why have some drinks manufacturers reduced the sugar content in their drinks
Several soft drinks companies have reduced the sugar content of their products to avoid paying the sugar tax.
4. Why are high-sugar drinks in the UK becoming more expensive
Because of a sugar tax that soft drinks manufacturers in the UK have to pay and they may pass on the cost to the consumer.
5. What temptations is the author referring to in the last sentence
Sugary food and drinks such as cakes, biscuits and chocolate.
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. When I was pregnant I used to crave oranges but now my baby is born, I can't eat them!
2. Some doctors say that drinking red wine in moderation could actually be good for your health.
3. A large levy on alcohol seems to be encouraging people to drink less.
4. Once our class started recycling our water bottles, the rest of the school jumped on the bandwagon and did the same!
5. Despite being an award-winning actor, he resisted the temptation to move to Hollywood.
为鼓励创新和解决问题设置“挑战奖”
导读：
当你遇到困难的时候，会怎么办？找专家？问朋友？或者你会找陌生人来帮你解决问题，你付钱给他们作为回报？这正是“挑战奖”背后的初衷。近来，“挑战奖”这个概念再次受到人们的欢迎。跟随本集《外刊精读》，了解“挑战奖”的由来和人们利用它的原由。
一、语篇泛读
Vocabulary: Innovation and problem-solving 词汇: 创新和解决问题
What do you do when you have a problem Do you go to an expert, ask your friends to come up with an idea Or, given the chance, would you ask a crowd of strangers for a solution It may sound strange, but it has spurred more than a few successful innovations. That’s the thinking behind a 'challenge prize'.
Challenge prizes come in many shapes and sizes but the basic concept remains the same. Rather than consulting and paying an expert to innovate a solution, you offer the prize up to anyone who believes they can solve it and present the first to do so with a prize. This might sound odd - many would argue, 'Who is better qualified than an expert ' But actually, not using one seems to result in a great deal of thinking outside of the box.
Some argue that formal education can kill creativity because it sometimes only teaches a single solution to a problem or single method to achieve a task. In the same way, some suggest that experts can suffer from tunnel vision. "If we launch an XPRIZE and it's just the 'experts' that come out and compete, they're usually the ones that will tell us it can't be done." says Marcus Shingles, former CEO of the XPRIZE Foundation, which organises challenge prizes today.
There are other advantages too. "You're not asking people to use a particular solution set on how to solve that problem. So you get this tremendous amount of diversity." adds Shingles. And because the crowd acts like an impromptu think tank, its lateral thinking can throw up issues that may have been overlooked.
Challenge prizes were most popular during the 18th and 19th centuries, but have received renewed interest more recently. Historically, many practical inventions have been conceived in this way – for example, the tin can. More recently, Virgin Galactic, a company hoping to commercialise space flight, developed out of the Ansari XPRIZE 2004 winner Tier One. They successfully launched a reusable spacecraft that left the Earth's atmosphere twice in two weeks. The prize was $10m.
However, there are dangers connected to blue-sky thinking. "You don't want to be creating a challenge prize which incentivises people to solve a problem where there is no demand," says Tris Dyson, executive director of challenge prizes at Nesta, a UK-based innovation foundation. This happened in 1979 where a Kremer prize of 100,000 was claimed by the first person to fly under human power across the English Channel. Despite its successful completion, it has not led to the adoption of human-powered flight as a form of travel. And of course, there are those who invest their personal time and money only to see no return at all: someone else claims the prize, or they find that the reward does not match the resources they invested.
The pros and cons of challenge prizes affect both problem-setters and problem-solvers. But they don’t seem to be going out of style anytime soon. To many, the challenge to innovate, the lure of the prize and the prestige of being first is too much to resist. And there’s no solution for that.
二、词汇表
come up with 想出，提出
solution 解决办法
spur innovation 激发创新
concept 概念
innovate 创新（解决方案）
solve 解决
think outside the box 以新眼光看问题，跳出传统的思维框框
tunnel vision 视野狭隘，井底之蛙
think tank 智囊团
lateral thinking 横向思维
throw up issues 抛出问题
overlook 忽略，忽视
invention 创造，发明
conceive 构想出
blue-sky thinking “蓝天思考”，不着边际的想法
problem-solver 善于解决问题的人
三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What is the basic idea behind a challenge prize
2. According to Marcus Shingles, what can be the problem with ‘experts’
3. True or false: Challenge prizes have become popular only recently.
4. According to Tris Dyson, what is the danger of challenge prizes
5. Which word in the text means ‘not planned or prepared’
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. It's a good idea but I don't think it will be cost-effective to make so we all need to _________ and come up with a new plan.
thinking blue-sky
think outside the box
lateral thinking
tunnel vision
2. You have 30 minutes to ______ the answer. You may begin your exam, now.
innovation concept
overlook come up with
3. Abstract ______ such as family, freedom and duty vary from culture to culture.
concepts inventions
innovations problem-solver
4. It was only once we had implemented the solution that it ______ we hadn't anticipated.
spurred innovation
threw up issues
conceived overlooked
5. It was only once we had implemented the solution that raised difficulties we had ______.
invented overlooked
solved conceived
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. What is the basic idea behind a challenge prize
You offer a problem up to everyone who believes they can solve it and present the first to do so with a prize.
2. According to Marcus Shingles, what can be the problem with 'experts'
The experts are usually the ones who say that there is no solution to a problem or that it can't be done.
3. True or false: Challenge prizes have become popular only recently.
False. Challenge prizes were most popular during the 18th and 19th centuries, but have received renewed interest more recently.
4. According to Tris Dyson, what is the danger of challenge prizes
According to Tris Dyson, creating a challenge prize incentivises people to solve a problem where there is no demand.
5. Which word in the text means ‘not planned or prepared’
Impromptu. (The crowd acts like an impromptu think tank.)
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. It's a good idea but I don't think it will be cost-effective to make so we all need to think outside the box and come up with a new plan.
2. You have 30 minutes to come up with the answer. You may begin your exam, now.
3. Abstract concepts such as family, freedom and duty vary from culture to culture.
4. It was only once we had implemented the solution that it threw up issues we hadn't anticipated.
5. It was only once we had implemented the solution that raised difficulties we had overlooked.
我们才不稀罕甜食呢！
导读：
不管你是不是甜品爱好者，都无法避免摄入日常饮食中所含的糖分。这是因为很多食物和饮料是含糖的。尽管人们都知道过度摄入糖类有害健康，但这并没有阻止一些人大量且无节制地吃甜食，从而患上肥胖、糖尿病和龋齿等疾病。本集《外刊精读》讨论对食品征收 “糖税 sugar tax” 能否扼制人们购买甜食或甜饮料的欲望。
一、语篇泛读
Vocabulary: health 词汇: 健康
There's no doubt that I have a sweet tooth – I crave cakes and biscuits and could happily finish off a bar of chocolate in minutes. I'm sure I'm not alone, the sweet sugary taste is addictive but the big question is, is it bad for me I think I know the answer!
Sugar is everywhere. Even if sweet stuff isn't your thing it's hard to avoid. In the UK, we consume over two million tonnes of sugar every year but often we don’t know we’re eating it. There have been many health campaigns, telling us about the dangers of consuming too much sugar and we have probably learnt that it should be eaten in moderation but we may be unaware of the added sugar we consume that's found in the food and drink we think of as healthy or savory, such as low-fat yoghurt and sauces.
The obvious negative effect of eating sugar is on our dental health – tooth decay is a big problem in children, partly caused by drinking too many sugary drinks. Public Health England claims a child in England has a tooth removed in hospital every 10 minutes due to preventable decay. But even if you can escape the dentist's drill, there are more worrying negative effects - repeatedly eating too much sugar can lead to weight gain and even obesity, leading to an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease and liver disease.
So what can we do to cut down on our sugar intake Well, there are low-sugar recipes you can try and apparently there are alternative foods to help us beat the sweet cravings. But potentially the most effective method is to tax the sugar we consume. It's what several countries have been doing for a while and the UK has recently jumped on the bandwagon, by forcing manufacturers to pay a levy on the high-sugar drinks they sell. It's up to the manufacturers if they pass the cost on to consumers.
But will it work University of Bedfordshire nutrition expert Dr Daniel Bailey told BBC Online that: "The increase in tax placed on soft drinks will make products more expensive, but will this actually discourage people from buying them " Maybe if you're addicted to the stuff, you'd accept paying more to buy it. But in the UK at least, several soft drinks companies have already reduced the sugar content of their products to avoid the tax.
Obviously it's better to do something rather than nothing to help improve the well-being of everyone. But with so many temptations out there, I'm not sure how easy it will be to cure my sweet tooth.
二、词汇表
sweet tooth 对甜食的渴望、喜爱
crave 渴求
consume（正式）消耗，大量地吃
health campaign 健康宣传活动
in moderation 适度
savoury 咸的
dental health 牙齿健康
tooth decay 蛀牙，龋齿
preventable 可预防的
obesity 肥胖
diabetes 糖尿病
heart disease 心脏疾病
liver disease 肝病
low-sugar recipe 低糖食谱
jumped on the bandwagon 紧跟潮流
levy 税款
discourage 打消…的念头
soft drink 汽水，软饮料
well-being 安康
temptation 诱惑
三、测试与练习
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. True or false Savoury food is sugar-free.
2. What is removed from children every 10 minutes in England
3. Why have some drinks manufacturers reduced the sugar content in their drinks
4. Why are high-sugar drinks in the UK becoming more expensive
5. What temptations is the author referring to in the last sentence
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. When I was pregnant I used to ______ oranges but now my baby is born, I can't eat them!
levy crave
discourage temptations
2. Some doctors say that drinking red wine ______ could actually be good for your health.
on moderation
in moderning
in moderation
at moderation
3. A large ______ on alcohol seems to be encouraging people to drink less.
levy discourage
preventable health campaign
4. Once our class started recycling our water bottles, the rest of the school ______ and did the same!
went on the wagon
jumped over the bandwagon
joined the bandwagon
jumped on the bandwagon
5. Despite being an award-winning actor, he resisted the ______ to move to Hollywood.
crave temptation
preventable well being
【参考答案】
阅读课文并回答问题。
1. True or false Savoury food is sugar-free.
False. We may be unaware of the added sugar we consume that's found in the food and drink we think of as healthy or savoury, such as low-fat yoghurt and sauces.
2. What is removed from children every 10 minutes in England
Public Health England claims a child in England has a tooth removed in hospital every 10 minutes due to preventable decay.
3. Why have some drinks manufacturers reduced the sugar content in their drinks
Several soft drinks companies have reduced the sugar content of their products to avoid paying the sugar tax.
4. Why are high-sugar drinks in the UK becoming more expensive
Because of a sugar tax that soft drinks manufacturers in the UK have to pay and they may pass on the cost to the consumer.
5. What temptations is the author referring to in the last sentence
Sugary food and drinks such as cakes, biscuits and chocolate.
请在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的单词填入句子的空格处。
1. When I was pregnant I used to crave oranges but now my baby is born, I can't eat them!
2. Some doctors say that drinking red wine in moderation could actually be good for your health.
3. A large levy on alcohol seems to be encouraging people to drink less.
4. Once our class started recycling our water bottles, the rest of the school jumped on the bandwagon and did the same!
5. Despite being an award-winning actor, he resisted the temptation to move to Hollywood.