2023年中考英语语法专题三数词的用法（含答案）

数词的定义：表示数目多少和数目顺序的词叫做数词。数词的分类：基数词和序数词。
知识点一：基数词
定义：表示数目或者数量多少的词叫基数词。
常用基数词列表
1——10 11——19 20——90 一百至百万
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one (a) hundred (一百) one（a）thousand(一千) ten thousand (一万) one hundred thousand (十万) one (a) million (一百万)
1.基数词的构成
(1)1—12独立成词,需逐个记忆。
(2)13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。尤其要注意thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的正确拼写。
表示“整十”的基数词(20—90)都以-ty结尾。其中要特别注意twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty的正确拼写。
21—99的写法是在十位和个位中间加连字符号“-”。
例：36 thirty-six　 97 ninety-seven
101—999的构成是百位和十位之间(若十位为零,则在百位和个位之间)用and连接。
例：601 six hundred and one
755 seven hundred and fifty-five
四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿)。
例：4,295 ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five
基数词的用法　
(1)年、月、日的表达
“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词,写的时候“日”也可以用基数词,但读时必须是序数词。顺序为:日月年或月日年。
例：2020年1月17日:17(th) January, 2020 读作the seventeenth of January, two thousand and twenty
或January 17(th), 2020读作January the seventeenth, two thousand and twenty
(2)时刻的表达
时刻 表示法 举例
几点整 “钟点数+o’clock”来表示 （o’clock常省去） It is one o’clock.
几点 几分 半小时内 （包括半小时） “分钟数+past+钟点数”表示 past意为“过” half past three a quarter past four five past seven
超半 小时 “分钟数+to+钟点数”来表示 to意为“差” a quarter to five ten to nine
【注意】可以用“时+分”表示“几点几分”，即直接看数字读。 例：5:20 five twenty
(3)顺序和编号的表达
①序数词位于名词之前,并加定冠词。
例：第一幅图the first picture
②基数词位于名词之后,名词的首字母大写,若数词用单词表示,首字母也要大写。
例：308 号房间 Room 308　第2页 Page Two
(4)年龄的表达
①用阿拉伯数字或基数词表示。
例：20岁 twenty years old 二十岁
②at the age of+基数词,意为“在……岁时”。
例：at the age of twenty在20岁时
③“in one’s+整十数的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。
例：in his twenties 在他二十多岁时
【例题】( )1.Today is Jack’s birthday. He is________ years old now.
fourteenth　　 B.fourteen C.the fourteenth　　 D.the fourteen
(5)分数的表达
分数的构成:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加-s;基数词和序数词之间可加“-”,也可不加;分母若是2和4,也可分别用half和quarter。
例：1/2 one(-)second或one half　
3/4 three(-)fourths或three quarters
【巧学妙记】前基后序，前基是分子，
后序是分母，前基大于一，后序加s”
【注意】主语特殊的分数“1/2, 1/4，3 / 4分别用 a half和a quarter，three quarters表示。”当分数修饰名词作主语，谓语动词和名词保持一致，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。
【例题】
( )2. Almost of the students in this class from Europe.
A. three-fourth; are B. three-fourths; are
C. three-fourth; is D. three-fourths; is
( )3. ______ of the workers in the computer factory is about two thousand, and ______ of them are women workers.
A. The number; second third B. A number; three quarters
C. A number; half second D. The number; two thirds
(6)概数和确数的表达
1.当hundred，thousand，million，billion，dozen等前面有具体的数词（one, two, three…）时，后面既不能加s，也不能加介词of。如：
There are two thousand students in our school.
2. hundred，thousand，million，billion，dozen等前面没有具体的数词，则在其后加s和介词of，表不确定的数量或形容数量之多。如：
hundreds of成百的，好几百
hundreds and hundreds of成百上千的
thousands of 数以千计的
tens of thousands of千千万万的
millions of数百万的
dozens of 许多
长城是由数百万石头砌成的。
The Great Wall is made of millions of stones.
3.若表示特定的数目，可在hundred、thousand后加of。如：
There are seven hundred students in this school.Three hundred of them / the students are girls.
该校有700名学生，其中女生有300名。
4.“another+ 基数词 + 名词”或“基数词 + more + 名词”表示在已有基础上再增加一定的数量。
In another two weeks, it will be finished.
再过两个星期，这活就完成了。
【例题】( )4.About the journalists (记者)are waiting here.They are waiting for the newest information about the missing plane.
A.two hundred of B.two hundred C.hundred of D.two hundreds of
( )5.There are ________ students in Chongqing.
A.two thousands　　B.two thousand of C.thousands of　　 D.two thousands of
【补充】“基数词-单数名词”或“基数词-单数名词-形容词”相当于复合形容词,只能作定语,后面必须跟名词,用于表示时间、距离、年龄、长度、宽度、高度、深度等。
例：a ten-minute walk 步行10分钟的路程　 an 8-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩
（7）算式表达
1.加法：基数词+ and / plus +基数词+ is +总数
Seven and / plus eight is fifteen.（7+8=15）
2.减法：基数词+ minus +基数词+ is +总数
Ten minus two is eight.
3.乘法：基数词+ times +基数词+ is +总数
Nine times three is twenty-seven.
4.除法：基数词+ divided by + 基数词+ is +总数
Thirty-two divided by four is eight.
【注】如果问“一加三等于多少”，可用What / How much is one plus three？
量词
特点一：英语量词词组所表示的数或量，大致可归纳为四种类型，即定量、不定量、大量和少量。
1．表示定量的量词词组，譬如：
a couple of（两个、一对）
a couple of days
a couple of players
a couple of times
a cupful of（一满杯）
a cupful of jelly
a cupful of water
2．表示不定量的量词词组，譬如：
a majority of（大多数／大半）
a majority of opinions
a majority of votes
3．表示大量的量词词组，譬如：
a flood of
a flood of ink（洋洋大篇）
a flood of tears（泪如泉涌）
a heap of
a heap of earth（一堆泥土）
a heap of customers（许多顾客）
a mountain of
a mountain of debts（债台高筑）
a mountain of difficulties（困难重重）
4．表示少量的量词词组，譬如：
a drop of
a drop of fever（有点热度）
a drop of dew（一点露水）
特点二：有些数量词组修饰可数名词，有些数量词组修饰不可数名词，还有些则两者均可修饰。
1．修饰不可数名词的量词词组，譬如：
a bit of
a bit of English（一点英语）
a bit of good advice（一些好意见）
a bit of interest（一点兴趣）
a sheet of
a sheet of glass（一块玻璃）
a sheet of water（一片汪洋）
2．修饰可数名词的量词词组，譬如：
a string of
a string of pearls（一串珠子）
a string of curses（连续不断的咒骂）
a string of excuses（一连串借口）
3．修饰（不）可数名词的量词词组，譬如：
a block of
a block of ice（一大块冰）
a block of flats（一幢公寓）
a block of houses（一排房子）
a chain of
a chain of ideas（一系列想法）
a chain of accidents（一连串事故）
a chain of proof（一连串证据）
特点三：有些数量词组的搭配是固定的，而有些搭配则比较灵活。
1．搭配固定的量词词组，譬如：
a barrel of
a barrel of beer（一桶啤酒）
a barrel of crude oil（一桶原油）
a basket of
a basket of eggs（一篮鸡蛋）
a basket of apples（一篮苹果）
a line of
a line of trees（一行树）
a line of poetry（一行诗）
2．搭配较灵活的量词词组，譬如：
a piece of
a piece of paper（一张纸）
a piece of furniture（一件家具）
a piece of equipment（一台设备）
a round of
a round of spirit（一巡酒）
a round of diplomatic talks（一轮外交谈判）
a round of toast（一片烤面包）
a bar of
a bar of chocolate（一块巧克力）
a bar of soap（一条肥皂）
a bar of light（一束光）
考点二： 序数词　
定义：表示顺序的词叫序数词。
序数词的构成
构成 说明 例词
规则 变化 大多数序数词由“基数词+-th”构成 four—fourth
以y结尾的整十基数词变序数词,要变y为ie,再加-th thirty—thirtieth fifty—fiftieth
20以上的非整十基数词变序数词,要将末位数改成序数词,其他位数仍用基数词 thirty-one—thirty-first
不规则 变化 少数序数词的构成属于特殊情况,需要特殊记忆 one—first two—second three—third five—fifth eight—eighth nine—ninth twelve—twelfth
【巧学妙记】
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th;
一、二、三,特殊记,结尾字母t, d, d(first, second, third);
8去t(eighth), 9去e(ninth), ve要用f替(fifth, twelfth);
遇y变ie,然后再加-th;
遇到“几十几”,只变个位就可以。
【注意】序数词的缩写形式
first——lst second——2nd third——3rd
fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd
其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。
2.序数词的用法
(1)序数词前面通常要加定冠词the,但是如果序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、指示代词等限定词,则不加the。
例：The second is what I really need.
第二个是我真正需要的。
It is my third time to visit Beijing.
这是我第三次参观北京。
(2)序数词前面如果出现不定冠词a或an,则表示“再一;又一”。
例：We’ve tried it twice. Must we try it a third time
我们已经试过两次了。我们必须再试一次(第三次)吗
小练习：
一、单选题
( )Tony's mum looks young and beautiful．It’s hard to imagine she is already in her ．
A.fifties B.fifty C.fiftieths D.fiftieth
( )2. Kate is _______ girl. She's very happy at school.
A.a eighteen-year-old B. an eighteen-year-old
C. an eighteen-years-old D. a eighteen-years-old
( )3. The Sutong Highway Bridge, a __________ bridge, is already open to traffic.
　　　　A. 32 kilometre long B. 32-kilometre-long
　　　　C. 32 kilometres long D. 32-kilometres-long
( )4.——What’s your room number
——It’s ______。
　　 A.The 601 Room　　　　B.601 Room　　　　C.The Room 601　　　　D.Room 601
( )5. To finish the task, we tried three times, and after dinner we'll try _______ time.
A. the fourth B. a fourth C. fourth D. four
( )6. Which is right
　　 A.2009, June 25　B.25th June, 2009　　C.June 25, 2009　　D.June 25st, 2009
( )7. -It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park
-I agree with you. It was_______ journey.
A three hour B a three-hours C a three-hour D. three hours
( )8.About of the engineers in my company seem to be in their .
A.second-nine;fourties B.two-ninths;forties
C.second-ninths;fortieth D.two-ninths;fourtieth
( )9.We students have a holiday every summer.
A.two months B.two month’s C.two-month D.two-months
( )10.—What do you plan to do on the May Day holiday
—I have no idea.Probably,I will spend it by doing many papers.
A.three day’s B.three days C.three-days D.three-day
( )11.The apartment has ________ floors and Mr. Black lives on the________floor with his family.
A.twelve, twelve B.twelve, twelfth C.twelfth, twelfth
( )12.On my________birthday, my aunt gave me a nice dress as a present.
nine　　B.ninth　　C.the ninth
( )13.We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her________birthday.
A.seventy　　 B.the seventy C.the seventieth　　D.seventieth
( )14.We gave away ________books to the school library last year.
A.six thousands　　 B.six thousand C.six thousands of　　D.six thousand of
( )15._______ people prefer HUAWEI phones, and about________ of them are adults.
A.The number of;four-fifths B.A number of;four-fifth
C.A number of;four-fifths D.The number of;four-five
( )16.—Dad, about ________of our classmates wear glasses.
—Oh, that’s terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.
A.three fourth　　B.third fourth C.third fourths　　D.three quarters
( )17—What time do you get up every day
A. It’s seven o’clock B. Seven o’clock time C. At seven D. On seven
( )18._______visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation.
A.Thousand　　　　B.Thousand of C.Thousands　　 D.Thousands of
( )19.We are preparing programs to celebrate our country’s ________ birthday.
A.seventy B.seventieth C.seventeenth
( )20.Today is Jack’s birthday. He is________ years old now.
A.fourteenth　　 B.fourteen C.the fourteenth　　 D.the fourteen
【答案】1-5 ABBDB 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 BBDBC 16-20DCDBB
强化练习
1. Lincoln was born on ________.
A. February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12
C. 1809, 12 February D. February 1809,12
2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.
A. ten-year-old B. ten years old
C. ten-year-old D. fifth years old
3. An hour later, _____ minister was sent to see the “magic cloth” woven by those two men.
A. two B. the second C. the two D. second
4. Abraham Lincoln was _______ President of the United States.
A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th D. the 16th
5. Do you think there is any room for us ________
A. two B. the two C. second D. the second
6. ---How many students are there in your class
--- ________.
A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties
7. Which number is wrong _______.
A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth
8. The People’s Liberation Army was founded _______.
A. on August 1, 1927 B. in 1927, 1 August
C. on August 1st, 1927 D. in August 1, 1927
9. The number 4,123 is read _______.
A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three
B.four thousand and one hundred twenty-three
C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three
D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three
10. The old professor still works hard though he is _________.
A. in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty
11. This classroom is ________ ours.
A. three times big as B. as three times big as
C. three times as big as D. as big three times as
12. The basketball team of our school ranks ________ in the match.
A. three B. third C. the three D. the third
13. Which is the car that he drives It’s ________.
A. fifty two B. the fifty-two cars C. the car fifty four D. the fifty-fourth car
14. Which of the following is wrong ________.
A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy. B. He is at the age of 15.
C. He is a boy of 15. D. He is fifteen year old.
15. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.
A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred
C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of
16. ----How many new words are there in ________ lesson
----There are only _________.
A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. the fifth; the five D. the fifth; five
17. ________, Coca-Cola began to enter China’s market.
A. In 1970’s B. In 1970s C. In the 1970s’ D. In the 1970s
18. There was no bus in that small town. We had a ________.
A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten mile’s walk D. tenth mile walk
19. Today is the first day and ________.
A. Tuesday is fourth B. Thursday is the fourth
C. second is Tuesday D. a second is Thursday
20. Which room do you live in ________.
A. The 201 Room B. Room 201
C. Room 201st D. The 201’s Room
答案
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A
6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B
11. C 12. D 13. D 14. D 15.
B 16. D 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. B