外研版（2019）高中英语必修第三册Unit4Amazing art 易混易错点辨析 学案（有答案）

【名师原创】：Unit4 易混易错点辨析
●celebrate；congratulate
【教材原句】
Her head and arms are missing, but you can imagine her holding her arms up high, celebrating the result of an ancient battle. (教材P 38)
【辨析】
两者都有“庆祝”的意思，但含义各有侧重，用法有区别。
celebrate意思是“庆祝;庆贺;主持宗教仪式(尤指圣餐); 赞美; 颂扬; 歌颂”。常用来庆祝节日，生日（诞辰），典礼, 周年，重大节点，纪念日，胜利等，其名词为celebration.
congratulate意思是“向(某人)道贺; 祝贺; (为成就或成功) 感到高兴，感到自豪，赞扬，表扬”，常用来祝贺成就，成绩，成功，进步或成长等，名词为congratulation，常构成以下词组：congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth. 在某方面祝贺某人；congratulate oneself on sth./doing sth. 为某人自己在某方面感到自豪；congratulations on sth./doing sth. 祝贺某事。
【例句呈现】
The college celebrated its silver jubilee last year.
这所学院去年举行了建院25周年庆祝活动。
They celebrated their silver wedding in May.
他们于五月份庆祝了银婚纪念日。
We went out to a restaurant to celebrate.
我们到一家饭店里庆祝了一番。
The club will celebrate its centenary next year.
俱乐部明年要庆祝成立一百周年。
How did you celebrate the millennium
你们是如何欢庆千禧年的？
The group celebrated the regime's rise to power in 1979.
这个集团庆祝该政府于1979年上台执政。
He celebrated the arrival of the New Year with a party for his friends.
他为朋友们举行了一个聚会，庆祝新年的到来。
I congratulated them all on their results.
我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。
The authors are to be congratulated on producing such a clear and authoritative work.
向创作出这样一部具有权威性又清晰易懂的作品的作者们祝贺。
You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.
你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。
I really must congratulate the organizers for a well run and enjoyable event
活动安排得有条不紊，充满乐趣，我必须要称赞一下组织者。
We specifically wanted to congratulate certain players.
我们特别想表扬几名选手。
She could not but congratulate him.
她只能祝贺他。
He was generous enough to congratulate his successor on his decision.
他十分大度地祝贺他的继任者做出了决定。
【考点过关】
根据celebrate和congratulate的适当形式填空
1. She ________ him on the birth of his son
2. My parents ________ 30 years of marriage now.
3. Over these years, journalists ________ themselves on the role the press has played in the investigations.
4. She always ________ her birthday in style.
5. Just now, we ________ him upon his attainment to so great an age.
6. The couple _________ their golden wedding in January.
7. We ______ him on his being admitted to the Party yesterday.
8. Scottish champs should _______ victory!
9. I _______ him on having passed the examination last week.
10. He returned home each year _______ Christmas and New Year with his family.
11. Let me _______ you on your winning first place in the 100 meter dash.
12. The service was a ________ of his life.
13. “We _______ you beforehand on your success.”
14. The Vietnamese government has fixed on May 19th _____ his anniversary.
15. We _______ them on what they had achieved.
16. Her triumph was a cause for ________.
17. “_________!” he said, slapping me on the back.
【参考答案】
1. congratulated; 2. are celebrating; 3. have been congratulating; 4. celebrates; 5. congratulated; 6. celebrated; 7. congratulated; 8. celebrate; 9. congratulated; 10. to celebrate; 11. congratulate; 12. celebration; 13. congratulate; 14. to celebrate; 15. congratulated; 16. celebration; 17. Congratulations
●reason; cause
【教材原句】
Choose three tags that best describe the main idea of the passage and give reasons for your choices. (教材P40)
【辨析】
两者都有“原因”的意思，，但用法有一定的区别。
reason多指做某事的“理由或借口”， 常用在reason for… 和 reason why…结构中。
cause 侧重指导致某事发生的起因，即造成一种事实或现象的原因，常用在cause of…. 结构中。
【例句呈现】
That is the reason why I don't like it.
那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
He is able to explain the reason because he was present at that time.
他当时在场, 所以他能解释原因。
We have reason to believe that he was murdered.
我们有理由相信他是被谋杀的。
We shall in no way let reason be defeated by impulse.
我们决不能让冲动战胜理智。
Cars are one of the leading causes of air pollution in the world today.
汽车是当今世界空气污染的主要原因之一。
Money is thought to be the root cause of all evils.
钱被认为是万恶之源。
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for American women in their forties.
乳腺癌是导致四十几岁的美国妇女死亡的主要原因。
She gave no reasons for her decision.
她没有解释自己为什么做出这个决定。
We’d like to know the reason why she didn’t accept the job.
我们想知道为什么她拒绝了这份工作。
Police are investigating the causes of the explosion.
警方正在调查爆炸的原因。
You have no cause for complaint.
你没有理由抱怨。
Smoking is the biggest preventable cause of death and disease.
吸烟是造成不必要疾病和死亡的最大原因。
His assessment of the situation is based on sheer emotion, not reason.
他对形势的评估完全是感情用事,而不是建立在理性基础上的。
【考点过关】
用reason或cause填空
1. The _______ of the fire is not yet known. ( http: / / dict. / example / blng / eng / cause / " \o "点击发音 )
2. I'd like to know the _______ why you're so late.
3. Unemployment is a major _______ of poverty.
4. We aren't going for the simple _______ that we can't afford it.
5. I have no particular _______ for doubting him.
6. Faulty wiring is the major _______ of house fires. ( http: / / dict. / example / blng / eng / cause / " \o "点击发音 )
7. Give me one good _______ why I should help you.
8. He was the unknowing _______ of all the misunderstanding. ( http: / / dict. / example / blng / eng / cause / " \o "点击发音 )
9. For some ______ we all have to come in early tomorrow.
10. The immediate ______ of death is unknown. ( http: / / dict. / example / blng / eng / cause / " \o "点击发音 )
【参考答案】
1. cause; 2. reason; 3. cause; 4. reason; 5. reason; 6. cause; 7. reason; 8. cause; 9. reason; 10. cause ( http: / / dict. / example / blng / eng / cause / " \o "点击发音 )
●manage to do sth. ; attempt to do sth.
【教材原句】
With help from the artist, I managed to make one in the shape of a fish. (教材P42)
【辨析】
两个词组都可表示“设法做”之意，均可接动词不定式作宾语。但表示的含义有区别。
attempt to do sth. “努力/试图/设法做某事”，但未必一定会能成功，只强调努力的过程，对其结果无限制, 所做之事不一定有困难, 相当于try/do one’s best to do sth.或try to do sth. 是比较正式的书面用语（try 用法更普遍，更口语化）。
manage to do sth. “设法做成某事”，强调所做事情的结果，相当于succeed in doing sth. 或be successful in doing sth.
【例句呈现】
I am attempting to finish my homework.
我正努力完成我的家庭作业。
I attempt not to convince myself that she doesn't love me anymore.
我尽量不让自己相信她不再爱我了。
He didn’t attempt to do it.
他不肯努力去干
please attempt to finish this work in thirty minutes.
请尽量在30分钟完成这项工作。
I managed to get in contact with the lady, who’s in charge of this project in the company.
我成功地同那家公司负责这个项目的女士取得了联系。
He managed to save her in time.
他设法及时挽救了她.
He attempted to open the box with a knife.
他试图用刀子打开箱子。
Time given to us defines how long we will stay with our families, how many good things we will manage to do, and how much interesting things we will see and learn.
时间决定了我们能与家人厮守多久，我们能完成多少美妙的事情，以及我们能看到听到多少有趣的事情。
It should be possible for most people to manage to do it.
大多数人应该都能做到。
【考点过关】
用 manage, try或其适当形式填空
1. He ______ to climb the tree, but he could not.
2. If you don't ______ to do everything, it doesn't matter. Move any incomplete tasks from today onto tomorrow's list.
3. I see what you mean, but if you _______to do it, you won’t regret.
4. Fantastic! Ho does Beijing Municipal Government ______ to do it
5. How did you _______to do it without help
6. How on earth did they _______ to do that
7. If you can ________ to do all three, you'll raise your intelligence by leaps and bounds.
8. How do you ________ to do such a thing
9. I feel the same way. But if we insist on speaking, we can _______ to do it.
10. Although you may fail, when you start to race for a new team, you ______to be successful as soon as possible.
【参考答案】
1. attempted; 2. manage; 3. attempt; 4. manage; 5. manage; 6. manage; 7. manage; 8. manage; 9. manage; 10. attempt
●argue; debate; discuss; quarrel
【教材原句】
While some say contemporary art lacks skill, meaning and artistic value, others argue that its worth lies in its ability to stimulate new discussions and understanding of everyday objects. (教材P43)
【辨析】
四个词都有 “辩论，争论，说理”之意。但各有侧重。
debate 往往侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩, 既可以作名词也可以作动词。
argue 表示提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
discuss 表示就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题，最常用词。
quarrel 表示两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、大声争论某事，重点是“吵嘴、吵架”， 既可以作名词也可以作动词。
【例句呈现】
His comments are bound to add fuel to the debate.
他的话必将为争论推波助澜。
A full-scale debate is under way on what ails the industry.
关于工业为何陷入困境正在展开一场全面的讨论。
The senator argued with the President about the new tax bill.
参议员和新总统为新税法案争辩了。
One could argue that smoking, by its very nature, is addictive.
有人可能认为抽烟从本质上说就具有成瘾性。
They argue that only private capitalists can remake Poland's economy.
他们认为，只有私人资本家才能重振波兰经济。
The Politburo has been meeting in Peking to discuss the situation.
政治局已在北京召开会议讨论形势。
Senior politicians met today to discuss the future of European economic unity.
高级政要今天会晤，探讨欧洲经济一体化的未来。
The magazine's aim is to discuss topical issues within a Christian framework.
该杂志的宗旨是在基督教框架下讨论时下的热门话题。
They could quarrel quite legitimately with some of my choices.
他们大有理由不同意我的一些选择。
The monarchists are a small fringe group who quarrel fiercely among themselves.
君主主义者是一个内部争吵激烈的非主流的小团体。
【考点过关】
翻译下列句子
1. 这个医生论述了治疗癌症的不同方法。
2. 针对他是否能胜任最高职务展开了争论。
3. 这件事可能是在他们为娜奥米争吵的过程中发生的。
4. 有一些人认为真正独立的意见是不存在的。
【参考答案】
1. The doctor discussed different approaches to the treatment of cancer.
2. There is a debate about/over his fitness for the highest office.
3. It could have happened during a quarrel between them about/over Naomi.
4. There are those who argue that true independent advice is unattainable.
●recommend; suggest
【教材原句】
Wang Wei decided to sponsor the young man to study painting and recommended him to a master. (教材P 44)
【辨析】
两者都有“建议，提议”的意思，但有一定区别。
recommend 意思是“劝告；建议；推荐，介绍”，常构成以下结构：
①recommend sb. to do sth. 建议/推荐/介绍某人做某事
②recommend doing sth. 建议做某事
③recommend sb. sth.= recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物/某事
④recommend sb. for/as sb./sth. 推荐/介绍/建议某人做/当…..
⑤ recommend + that sb. (should) +do sth. = advise + that sb. (should) +do sth.
suggest意思是“建议，提议；推荐，举荐；暗示，表明”，常构成以下机构：
①suggest sb. (sb’s) doing sth. 建议某人做某事 = advise sb. to do sth.
②suggest sth./doing sth. 提议某事/建议或提议做某事 = advise + sth./doing sth.
③suggest + that sb. (should) +do sth. = advise + that sb. (should) +do sth.
建议某人做某事，should可以省略。
④suggest to sb. that…..提议/建议某人某事；向某人建议/提议…..
⑤It is suggested that…. = It is advised that…..有人建议/提议…..
温馨提示：suggest作“暗示，表明”讲时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词不用虚拟语气(should do sth.)，而要根据情况用不同的时态。
【例句呈现】
Can you recommend me some new books on this subject
你能推荐一些有关这个学科的新书给我吗
I should recommend it as a useful reference book.
我愿意推荐它作为一本有用的参考书。
I recommend you to buy this dictionary and that tape.
我建议你买这本字典和那盒磁带。
I recommend that you inquire about the job.
我建议你打听一下这项工作。
How do you recommend them to do before going abroad
你对即将出国的人们有何劝告 。
Behavior of that sort will not recommend you.
那样的行为不会使别人对你有好感。
His proposal has much to recommend it.
他的建议有不少可取之处。
The smile on his face seemed to suggest that he was happy to have lost his life for his country.
他脸上的笑容似乎暗示出他很高兴为自己的祖国献出了生命。
He suggested to the committee that they should delay making a decision.
他向委员会建议推迟决定时间。
I suggest you take the forms away and read them at your leisure.
我建议你把表格带回去有空慢慢看。
Her evidence suggests a different interpretation of the events.
她的证据显示这些事件可能有另外一种解释。
It has been suggested that bright children should take their exams early.
有人提议天资好的孩子提前考试。
I suggested going in my car.
我提议坐我的车去。
I suggest we go out to eat.
我提议我们出去吃吧。
【考点过关】
1. Her pale face suggested that she ____ (be) seriously ill, and her parents suggested that she ______ (go) to see the doctor.
2. Now, I _______ the book to all my students.
3. I ________ (that) he should see a lawyer.
4. We'd _________ you to book your flight early.
5. His pale face suggests that he _______ (be) ill now.
6. I ________ the students to be on the lookout for the idioms.
7. I ________ being on the lookout for idioms.
8. I recommended that the reader ________ be on the lookout for idioms.
9. The judge recommended that he _______ serve 20 years in prison.
10. We strongly _________ reporting the incident to the police.
【参考答案】
1. was, (should) go; 2. recommend; 3. recommend/suggest; 4. recommend; 5. is; 6. recommend; 7. recommend/suggest; 8. (should) be; 9. (should) serve; 10. suggest
/recommend
●the rest of….；plenty of….
【教材原句】
The horses, whether resting or on the move, offered him plenty of inspiration. (教材P45)
【辨析】
两者意思不同，用法不同。
the rest of... 意思是“其余的，剩下的”，可以修饰人和物。作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据of 后边的名词或代词来确定，如果of 后面是复数可数名词或复数代词，谓语动词用复数；如果of后面是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。有时可以根据上下文，把the res of ….中的of…部分省去。
plenty of 意思是“充足的，足够的，大量的”，可修试饰人和物，意思和用法与
a lot of…/lots of….相同，作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据of后面的名词来确
定，of后面是不可数名词时，谓语用单数，of 后面是复数名词或代词时，谓语
动词用复数。温馨提示：plenty of 前面不能加冠词, plenty 也不用复数形式，一
般用在肯定句中。in plenty 大量，充足，富足。
【例句呈现】
He was to regret that decision for the rest of his life.
他终生都将后悔做出了那一决定。
Jack divided up the rest of the cash.
杰克把余下的现金分了。
These findings are at odds with what is going on in the rest of the country.
这些研究结果与国内其他地区的实际情况并不相符。
The rest of the men had the day off
其他人这天没上班。
They were scientifically and technologically greatly in advance of the rest of the world.
它们在科学技术上大大超过了世界其它国家。
The rest of the room was neat and impersonal.
房间的其余部分整洁干净，没有个人色彩。
It's a city with fine buildings and plenty of open space.
这座城市既有漂亮的建筑又有开阔的空地。
There's still plenty of scope for improvement.
还有很大的改进余地。
I'm anxious that we should allow plenty of time.
我殷切希望我们能留出充裕的时间。
There should be plenty of time to go shopping before we leave New York.
我们离开纽约前还应该有充足的时间去逛商店。
There are plenty of ways you can cut costs on your trip without slumming.
在旅行中，有许多办法既可以减少开销又不至于显得寒酸。
Some people live in plenty, while others haven't enough to eat.
一些人过着丰衣足食的生活，而另一些人却吃不饱。
【考点过关】
根据the rest of…. 和plenty的用法填空
1. Plenty of people ______ (wait) for rescue in the earthquake stricken area in Sichuan at that time.
2. There are 30 students in our class; 15 of us are boys, and the rest of us ______ (be) boys.
3. Some books are in the classroom, but the rest of them ______ (be) in the library.
4. They bought much mild. Some was sent to an old woman, and the rest of it ______ (give) to those boys in the village.
5. One third of the boys are doing home work, but the rest of them ____ (watch) TV.
6. Some clothes are still there now, but the rest of them ______ (steal) yesterday.
7. Two thirds of the students will go home during the summer vacation and the rest _______ (be) going to travel.
8. Most water was sent to wash the car and the rest _______ (use) to drink.
9. Some persons are planting trees, and the rest _____ (water) them.
10. I drank only a little of the wine, and the rest ______ (drink) by him.
11. Look, the rest of the eggs _______ (go) bad.
12. There was food and drink _______ plenty.
13. There ________ (be) plenty of restaurants to choose from now.
14. He lived ______ plenty during the rest of his days.
15. There _________ (be) plenty of water in the river in the past.
【参考答案】
1. were waiting; 2. are; 3. are; 4. was given; 5. are watching; 6. were stolen; 7. are;
8. was used; 9. are watering; 10. was drunk; 11. has gone; 12. in; 13. are; 14. In; 15.
was
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