外研版（2019）必修第三册 Unit5 What an adventure! Developing ideas 词汇精讲课堂课件(共44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
词
汇
课
堂
A word is a microcosm of human consciousness. — Vygotsky
教材版本：新外研
册别单元：必修三 Unit 5 (Developing ideas)
本单元词汇梳理
1. servant serve (服务) + -ant (人)
2. charge 一词多义：词源义和基本义是“负荷”
词块：charge for sth, charge sb (for) sth, charge sb with (doing) sth; in charge of, take charge of, free of charge
派生词：charger
3. captain 来自词根 cap (头)，词源同 chief，一词多义：基本义“领导者”
4. ahead a- (副词前缀) + head (头部) → 前头、在前
词块：ahead of
5. permit per- (through 通过) + mit (to send 送) → 送过去使通过 → 许可；准许
词块：permit sb (to do) sth, time / weather permitting, if time / weather permits
近义词：allow (permit是正式用语；指天气、时间等客观因素允许时，只能用permit)
派生词：permission
6. fascinated 词族：fascinate, fascinated (分词形容词), fascination, fascinating (分词形容词)
7. chapter 隐喻：具体的“篇章” → 抽象的“（历史或人生的）重要篇章”
8. relate re- (back, 向后、往回) + -lat ( to bring / carry 拿、带) + -e，词源义和基本义是“带回 (carry back)”
词块：relate to
词族：relate, related, relation, relationship, unrelated
9. astonish 词族：astonish, astonishing (分词形容词), astonishment, astonished (分词形容词)
10. consume con- (表示强调) + sume (to take 拿) → 完全拿走 → 消耗
派生词：consumer, consumption
11. distinguish dis- (apart 分开) + -sting (刺、做标记) → 分开标记 → 区别；辨认
词块：distinguish A from B
派生词：distinguished
12. gradually gradual + -ly
gradual：gradu- (step 步、级) + -al (形容词后缀) → 一步一步的 → 逐渐的 (同根词：grade, graduate)
13. surround 词块：be surrounded by
派生词：surrounding, surroundings
14. intensity intense (adj 强烈的) + -ity
15. depth 来自deep (联系length, width, strength)
词块：in depth
词族：deep, deepen, deeply, depth
16. broad 一词多义：基本义“宽的”；反义词：narrow
词块：in broad daylight, a broad smile
派生词：broadly, broaden
17. beneath 正式用语，对应under
be- (by) + neath (below) → 在……之下
18. resident 词块：rural / urban residents
19. male 正式用语 (对应 man)
拓展female (对应woman)
英语释义
搭配义
重难点词精讲
charge
一词多义
熟词生义
permit
surround
一词多义
relate
一词多义
consume
熟词生义正式用语
broad
一词多义
distinguish
一词多义
charge
根据词源可知，charge名词的词源义是“负荷”，在此基础上衍生出各层释义。
charge和car（车）同源，来自拉丁语carrus（一种两轮货车，即装载货物的车），由这个拉丁语衍生而来的单词都跟“装载、承载”有关，比如cargo（货物），carriage（马车；客车车厢），carry（携带；搬运），career （职业）以及charge。
词源解读
[U] 主管；负责：
① in charge (of sth):
Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales please 2009 全国
② in / under sb’s charge:
The files were left in your charge.
③ take charge of:
Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program 2010 安徽
charge n
[C] & [U] 费用；价钱：
Delivery is free of charge.
[C] 指控；罪名：
She was arrested on the charge of theft.
Police dropped the charges against him because of insufficient evidence.
[C] & [U] 电荷；电量：
on charge
a positive / negative charge
vt & vi（向……）收费；开价：
① charge (sb / sth) for sth:
I wonder how much you charge for your services. 2009 安徽
② charge sb sth (for sth):
The restaurant only charged me $40 (for wine).
charge v
vt 指控；控告：
charge sb with (doing) sth:
She is charged with murdering her husband.
vt & vi（给……）充电：
He had forgotten to charge his phone.
vi & vt（向……）冲；进攻：
When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any second.
【词汇拓展】
charger n [C] 充电器
负荷（基本义）charge
罪名的负荷
金钱的负荷
责任的负荷
负责
费用
指控
电荷的负荷
电量
charge语义网络图
n
（向……）收费；开价
指控；控告
（给……）充电
（向……）冲；进攻
v
外国人在中国居住和工作，需要有居留许可证
（residence permit）、就业证（employment permit）。如果你在外国留学期间工作，也需要有许可证。
residence permit 居留许可证
employment permit 就业证
permit & permission
同根词：
admit: ad- (to 去) + mit (to let go, send 放行，送) → 容许……进入
commit: com- (together 一起) + mit (to send 送) → 将人送去承担义务等 → （使）承担义务；（使）作出保证
transmit: trans- (across 越) + mit (to send 送) → 输送；传送
permit 词源解读
per- (through 通过) + mit (to send 送) → 送其过去使通过 → 许可；准许
permit v [正式用语]
vt 许可；准许 to allow sth to happen or sb to do sth 反 forbid
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. 2013 天津
① permit sb sth:
Please permit me a few words.
② permit sb to do sth:
He permitted me to retake the test, and I pulled my grade to an A.
vi & vt（使）成为可能：
I’ll pick you up at the airport if time permits.
We’ll start tomorrow, weather permitting (= if the weather is good enough).
Cash machines permit you to withdraw money at any time.
注：permit 和 allow的用法相似，permit是正式用语；指天气、时间等客观因素允许时，只能用permit。
permit n [C] 许可证；执照：
a residence / parking permit
permission n [C] 许可；准许：
ask permission
He entered the room without permission.
With your permission, I’d like to talk to your son alone.
permission to do sth:
Give yourself permission to rest when you’re tired. 2010 安徽
注意动词和名词发音不同
Ao Bing can relate to Ne Zha, because they have similar experiences.
relate
relate v [常与to连用]
vt & vi（使）互有关联 (connect)：
The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment.
vt [正式用语] 叙述；讲：
He related how the accident happened.
vi 理解；认同：
I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students. 2011 北京
词源解读：
relate由re-（回）和词根-lat（拿、带）+ -e构成。
词源义和基本义是“带回 (carried back)” 。
带回
基本义
relate
relate 语义网络图
将一事物带回到另一事物
带回到某种情感
带回到某个话题
（使）互有关联
叙述；讲
理解；认同
【词汇拓展】
related adj 相关的；有关系的：
water-related diseases
(be) related to 与……有关：
The “new four great inventions” are all
related to China’s high-tech innovation.
中国新四大发明：高铁、扫码支付、共享单车和网购。
同族词：relate, related, relation, relationship, unrelated（不相关的）
In this film, the director relates Ne Zha’s fate （命运）to Ao Bing’s.
(In this film, their fates are closely related.)
Ne Zha and Ao Bing become friends because they can relate to each other.
The film relates how Ne Zha changes his fate.
There are many characters in the film, and I like Ne Zha best. Most people refer to him as a demon（恶魔）, but he says “I‘m the master of my own fate! I’m the one who decides, if I‘m an immortal（名垂千古的任务）or demon!” Another character I am fond of is Ao Bing, who is Ne Zha’s friend. Ao Bing can relate to Ne Zha because they have similar experiences. From this film, I think people should treat each other without prejudice（成见）and if others misunderstand you, be yourself, and do the right thing.
同理心 empathy
勇敢的心 a brave heart
词源解读：con- (表示强调) + sume (to take 拿) → 完全拿走 → 消耗
consume vt
消耗；消费；耗费：
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. 2020 全国
Looking after the children, cooking and cleaning are time-consuming.
2008 四川改
［正式用语］吃；喝：
He consumed all the cookies.
【词汇拓展】
consumer n [C] 消费者；用户；客户
consumption n [U] 消费（量）；消耗（量）
consume
正式用语，用于较正式的文体和场合
正式用语与非正式用语
用膳
吃饭
用膳
吃饭
distinguish v
vi & vt 区别；辨认；使有别于 to recognize the difference between two things or people：
distinguish between good and evil
Speech distinguishes man from the animals.
vt 使杰出；使显出特色 to do sth which causes you to be noticed and admired：
He distinguished himself by winning 4 prizes.
vt［不用于进行时］看清；认出；听出 (make out)
distinguished adj 卓越的；杰出的
词源解读：dis- (apart 分开) + -sting (刺、做标记) → 分开标记 → 区别；辨认
区别；辨认
基本义
distinguish
distinguish 语义网络图
区别（某事物）
通过（听觉、视觉等）进行区别
以（某一特征、特色）进行区别
区别；辨认；使有别于
使杰出；使显出特色
看清；认出；听出
看图猜词
surround
围绕
包围；环绕；围困：
To some, happiness is being surrounded by family
and friends.
Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who
challenge you to be better. 2016 浙江
与……紧密相关：
some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
surround vt
【词汇拓展】
surrounding
adj [只用于名词前] 周围的 (nearby)：
the surrounding scenery
surroundings
n [用复数] 周围的事物；环境 everything that is near or around you (environment)：
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.
broad
broadband
宽带
宽阔的；广阔的 反 narrow：
a broad street
a broad smile
He was tall, with broad shoulders and a beard. 2013 全国
广泛的 反 narrow：
Students here study a broad range of subjects.
概括性的；粗略的：
She showed us the broad outline of a new project.
in broad daylight 在光天化日之下
broad adj
基本义
范围宽的
内容宽的，不追求细节的
两者都有“宽的”之意。
broad 带有主观意向，不可丈量。常用来形容身体部位，如肩、 胸、额头、背部等。
His shoulders were broad and his waist narrow.
wide 侧重指从一边到另一边的距离，可以丈量。但也可修饰身体部位如口、眼。
Sam has a wide mouth.
辨析 broad, wide
本单元金句汇总
1. Delivery is free of charge.
2. He related how the accident happened.
3. The “new four great inventions” are all related to China’s high-tech innovation.
4. Speech distinguishes man from the animals.
5. To some, happiness is being surrounded by family
and friends.
6. Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better. 2016 浙江
随堂检测
一、在横线上写出画线词的汉语释义。
_________ 1. Admission（门票）is at normal charges and you don’t need to
book.（2015 全国）
_________ 2. I agree to his suggestion on the condition that he drops all charges.
（2010 辽宁）
_________ 3. Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged.
（2011 福建）
_________ 4. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone
（2009 湖南）
_________ 5. One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air
was charged with tension（紧张气氛）.（2014 重庆）
费用
撤销指控
指控；控告
给……充电
充满……
charge
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词 或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. I wonder if there’s a service charge _________ our meal.（2011 上海）
2. They wanted to charge $5,000 _________ the car, but we managed to bring the price down.
3. We’ve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should ____________ (charge) for parks.
for
for
be charged
三、根据所给提示完成下列句子。
1. We also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and
_____________（免费的）.（2007 全国）
2. I was appointed to ________________________________（负责 ）
arranging all the activities on that day.（2011 天津）
free of charge
be in charge of / take charge of
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. No pets except fish ____________ (permit) in student rooms.
（2015 天津）
2. The party will be held in the garden, weather __________ (permit).
（2012 全国改）
3. Passengers are permitted _______ (carry) only one piece of hand
luggage onto the plane.（2011 天津改）
4. I was the first Western TV reporter _______________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.（2016 全国）
are permitted
permitting
to carry
(to be) permitted
permit
5. — What are you going to do this weekend
— It depends. If time ___________ (permit), I may go to Shanghai
with my friends.（2012 福建）
6. Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments（点心）in the town may obtain re-entry ___________ (permit) from the castle
shops.（2010 天津）
7. You must ask ___________ (permit) if you want to leave early.
二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。
1. 大厦内禁止吸烟。(permit v)
________________________________________
2. 有了捕鱼许可证就可以去钓鱼。(permit n, allow)
________________________________________
permits
permits
Smoking is not permitted inside the building.
A fishing permit allows you to go fishing.
permission
relate
一、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.
（2011 北京） ___________
2. He later related the whole story to me. ___________
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The chapter relates _______________ the effects of the Internet on teenagers.
2. Wealth is seldom _______________ (relate) to happiness.
3. The ______________________ (relate) between them is that of teacher and
pupil.
三、根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
Traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations ______________ （与……密切相关）public order. (related)（2015 江苏改）
to
叙述 / 讲述
理解
related
relation / relationship
closely related to
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. Only 27% of the paper we consume is recycled. ___________
2. Like it or not, our adult lives will be consumed by the struggle for money.（2011 安徽） ___________
3. Mary would consume nearly a pound of cheese per day.
___________
二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Cake-making is a very time __________ (consume) process.
2. The new telephone rates will affect all __________ (consume) including businesses.
3. Gas and oil __________ (consume) always increases in cold weather.
消耗
被……充满
吃
consume
consuming
consumers
consumption
distinguish
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. I could not distinguish her words, but she sounded excited.
_________
2. The light enabled me to distinguish objects in the distance.
_________
3. I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing French from Spanish.
_________
4. Parents can teach children to distinguish right from wrong, but cannot decide for them. _________
5. The factor that distinguishes this company from the competition is customer service. __________________
看清
使……脱颖而出
区分
明辨是非
听清
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Some light showers have been forecast（预报）since last month, but all of
them have been effective in ____________ (surround) areas.（2017 全国）
2. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa ______________ (surround) a low
glass-top wooden table.（2013 四川）
3. When I headed toward the center, I found myself ______________ (surround)
by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.（2009 重庆）
4. Gates has historically surrounded himself ______________ smart people, and
he’s famously thirsty for knowledge.
二、根据所给提示，翻译下列句子。
1. 湖边树木环绕。（被动句）
______________________________________
2. 我很快适应了新的环境。
______________________________________
surrounding
surrounding
surrounded
with
surround
The lake is surrounded by trees.
I soon got used to my new surroundings.
broad
一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. We walked down a broad street lined with trees. ________
2. A broad range issues are discussed. ________
3. I will give you a broad outline of the plan. ________
二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
1. He greeted them with a wave and _____________________（满面的笑容）.
2. The attack happened _____________________（在光天化日之下）, in one of the busiest parts of town.
3. Spending a year working in the city helped to _________________（开阔了他的眼界）
宽阔的
广泛的
概括性的 / 粗略的
a broad smile
in broad daylight
broaden his horizons
谢
谢
观
赏