外研版（2019）必修第三册 学案Unit5 What an adventure! 易混易错点辨析学案（有答案）
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【名师原创】：Unit5 易混易错点辨析
●include; contain
【教材原句】
Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger. (教材P50)
【辨析】
两者都有“包含”的意思，但有一定区别。
include 表示“包括，包含，包括….在内”，强调被包括者是整体的一部分。include后面接名词，代词或动名词；被包括部分放在include 后面时，include 用-ing形式，放在前面时，include 用-ed形式
contain 表示“包含，含有，装有，容纳”，强调“内含（….成分），装有（….东西）”。
【例句呈现】
Your duties will include setting up a new computer system.
你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统.
I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.
包括元旦在内我有三天假。
The movie won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。
Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday.
你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。
Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.
暴乱中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。
We all went, me included.
我们都去了，连我在内。
The committee includes representatives from industry.
这个委员会包括产业界的代表。
Local activities include walking, boating and golf.
当地的活动包括散步、划船以及打高尔夫球。
The box contains old photographs and souvenirs.
那盒子里放有旧照片和纪念品。
It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种可以防止蚊虫叮咬的强效药物。
The bottle contains two glasses of beer.
这瓶子可装两杯啤酒。
The pill contains vitamins.
这药丸中含有多种维生素。
【考点过关】
根据include, contain 的用法用其适当形式填空
1. It was found that her blood _______ poison.
2. The city has dozens of factories, _______ a power plant and a steelworks.
3. This drink doesn't ________ any alcohol.
4. Six students were playing table tennis, two girls ________.
5. Their diet ________ a lot of fat at present.
6. I ________ apples on the list of things to buy today.
7. How much water does this bottle ________
8. We all know that this book _________ ten short stories.
9. Sea water _________ plenty of salt.
10. My uncle has a lot of duties, _________ taking care of these children.
【参考答案】
1. contained; 2. including; 3. contain; 4. included; 5. contains; 6. include; 7. contain; 8. includes; 9. contains; 10. including
●if（是否）; whether
【教材原句】
It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life. (教材P51)
【辨析】
两者都表示“是否”，但用法有一定区别。
if 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether.
whether①引导主语从句可位于句首，if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾, 用it 做形式主语放句首。②介词之后宾语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if。③whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句, if则不能。④whether可以和动词不定式连用，if 则不能。⑤在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中, 一般不用if 。whether和if都可用it作形式主语从句中。⑥在discuss/consider等某些动词之后，只能用whether，不能用if引导宾语从句。
【例句呈现】
I don’t know whether they will come or not.
我不知道他们是否回来。
I don’t know if / whether it will snow tomorrow.
我不知道明天是否会下雪。
Can you tell me whether to go swimming after supper
你能告诉我饭后去哪儿游泳吗？
I worry about whether he will be angry with me.
我担心他是否生我的气。
You should consider whether the car you are interested in is good value.
你应该考虑你感兴趣的小汽车是否有价值。
I can’t decide whether to stay.
我不能决定是否留下。
I want to know whether it’s good news or not.
我想知道是否是好消息。
His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.
他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.
他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
I want to know whether/if he lives there.
我想知道是否他住在那儿。
【考点过关】
用whether和if填空
1. He asked me _______ I could help him.
2. ______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known yet.
3. Success depends on _______ we make enough effort.
4. It's uncertain he'll come this evening.
5. The question is ________ it is not worth doing.
6. The question ________ the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.
7. We are uncertain Mary will come.
8. Please tell us ________ to go or stay here.
9. We discussed ________ we should close the shop.
10. He asked me _______ I hadn't finished my work.
11. I can't decide ________ to buy this pen or that one.
12. My question is _______ the Chinese team can go further.
13. _______ I can pass the exam isn’t clear.
【参考答案】
1. whether/if; 2. Whether; 3. whether; 4. whether/if; 5. whether; 6. whether; 7. whether/if; 8. whether; 9. whether; 10. if; 11. whether; 12. whether; 13. Whether
●attack; strike/hit (袭击)
【教材原句】
While attacking from the ship, Aronnax and Conseil, aloing with the whale hunter Ned Land, fall into the sea, and discover that the “creature” is actually a submarine. (教材P57)
【辨析】
三者都可表示 “袭击，攻击”， 但用法表达有一定区别；指“攻击、袭击”时，hit 与strike完全可以互换。
attack通常指有生命的人或物之间的攻击、袭击，如，人与人之间，人与动植物之间，动植物之间等。另外，attack也可表示通过舆论，言语，文字等对人、组织、国家、团体、政策和理论等进行抨击。这些攻击或袭击往往带有一定的目的性。既可以做名词也可以做动词。
温馨提示：强调心脏病的发作或袭击时，只能用attack.
hit/strike 通常指意外的自然灾害的袭击，如，台风，洪水，沙尘暴，飓风，暴风雪，地震，雷电等。
【例句呈现】
He has laid himself wide open to political attack.
他在政治上已经处于极易受到攻击的境地。
Your father is an obvious candidate for a heart attack.
你父亲显然是容易患心脏病的人。
They aimed to make the country safe from terrorist attacks.
他们力图使国家免遭恐怖分子的袭击。
His research work was attacked by animal rights activists.
他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
The white blood cells attack cells infected with an invader.
白细胞攻击受到感染的细胞。
He was walking along the road when he was attacked by a dog.
他正在路边散步，突然遭到了一只狗的袭击。
The man attacked me for no apparent reason.
那个人不知何故攻击我。
The strong wind hit/struck him as he turned the corner.
在街角一拐弯处，狂风就向他袭来。
The chances are a million to one against being struck/hit by lightning.
遭雷击的可能性是微乎其微的。
Spain was one of countries hit/struck hardest by the hurricane.
西班牙是遭受这次飓风打击最严重的国家之一。
【考点过关】
用attack和hit/strike适当形式填空
1. The heavy sandstorm _______ a city in the west, and 50 people were seriously wounded the day before yesterday.
2. The police said the _______ from elephants was an isolated incident.
3. A blast of hot air ________ us as we stepped off the plane.
4. The article was a savage ________ on the government's record.
5. Last year a serious flood ________ the whole country.
6. People who are overweight run a risk of a heart _______ or stroke.
7. After being _______ by another bear, the old man lifted his gun.
8. The country ________ by the earthquake is Japan.
9. The opposition leader _______ the government by writing many articles last year.
10. A snowstorm ________ all the villages in that area last month.
【参考答案】
1. hit/struck; 2. attack; 3. hit/struck; 4. attack; 5. hit/struck; 6. attack; 7. attacked; 8. hit/struck; 9. attacked; 10. hit/struck
●in order to do sth; so as to do sth.
【教材原句】
In order to keep this secret, Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave the submarine. (教材P57)
【辨析】
两者都可以作目的状语，一般情况下没有什么区别, 常可互换使用, 但用法有细微区别。
in order to do sth. 引导的目的状语既可以放句首，也可以放句尾，位置较为灵活。
so as to do sth. 引导的目的状语只能放在句尾，不能位于句首。
温馨提示：
①两者的否定式: in order not to do sth.; so as not to do sth.
② 两者的复合结构: in order for sb. to do/so as for sb. to do （当不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,必须用其复合结构）。
【例句呈现】
He arrived early in order to/so as to get a good seat.
他很早到达了以便找到好座位。
In order to arrive before dark, we started early.
为了天黑前到达，我们很早就出发了。
You'd better check the names once again so as to avoid mistakes.
你最好再检查一下名字，以免搞错。
The test questions are kept secret so as to prevent cheating.
试题要保密，以免泄密。
I got up early in order to catch the first bus.
为了赶上第一班公交车，我起得很早。
I got up early in order not to miss the first bus.
为了不错过第一班公交车，我起得很早。
I woke him early in order for him not to miss the first bus.
我把他早早叫醒，为的是不让他错过第一班车。
He started early so as to be there on time.
他出发很早，以便准时赶到那里。
【考点过关】
根据in order to do sth. 和 so as to do sth. 用法填空
1. We first need to understand the current usage scenarios and analyze the resulting performance problems _______ to do the correct performance correcting actions.
2. He started early _______ not to be late for school.
3. Zhang Yang’s mother woke him early _______ for him not to be late for work.
4. And _______ to do that, I need to talk about mice a little bit.
5. So, ______to do that, the technology has to be just as much human as it is artificial.
6. The purpose of these practices is to make athletes have a quicker recovery after training _______ to do their future study and training well.
【参考答案】
1. in order/so as; 2. in order/so as; 3. in order/so as; 4. in order; 5. in order; 6. in order/so as
●adapt, adopt
【教材原句】
In this part adapted from a chapter of the book, Aronnax describes the experience of walking on the sea bed….. (教材P57)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法完全不同。
adapt 修改，改装；改编，改写（使适应新用途或新情况）, 常构成以下结构：
adapt sth. for sth. 改编/改装/修改使用于……
adapt oneself to sth. 使某人适应….
adapt sth. from sth. 从….改编某物, 被动结构为: sth. be adapted from….
adapt to…. 适应…..
adopt 采纳，采用，采取；接受，批准；收养, 领养
【例句呈现】
We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
They have had to adapt themselves to a war economy.
他们不得不适应战时经济。
The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change
世界会变得不同，我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。
Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office.
为将图书馆改作办公室而做了一些架子。
Many corporate methods have been adopted by American managers in imitation of Japanese practice.
美国的管理人员效仿日本人的做法，采用了很多经营公司的方法。
She was a wonderful mother to both her natural and adopted children.
她对亲生的和领养的孩子一样好。
The company has adopted a firm policy on shoplifting.
那家公司对店内行窃采取了严厉的措施。
If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive mental attitude.
如果你打算改变自己的境遇，就必须树立一种积极的心态。
【考点过关】
用adapt和adopt的适当形式填空
1. Pupils should be helped to ________ a positive approach to the environment.
2. Recently, the film _______ from a play of the same title.
3. She produced a TV series about _______ children.
4. So far, he _______ the play for the screen.
5. She was forced to have her baby _______.
6. Mary has tried to _______ to local customs.
7. All three teams _______ different approaches to the problem yesterday.
8. It is through our nervous system that we _______ ourselves to our environment.
9. Obviously, a more objective method of description must _______.
10. Although these vegetables _______ well to our temperate climate, they tend to crop poorly.
【参考答案】
1. adopt; 2. has been adapted; 3. adopted; 4. has adapted; 5. adopted; 6. adapt; 7. adopted; 8. adapt; 9. be adopted; 10. adapt
●as if (= as though) ; even though (= even if)
【教材原句】
Conseil and I remained near each other, as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases. (教材P57)
【辨析】
两者都可以引导状语从句，但意思完全不同。
as if (= as though) 意思是“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句；在look, seem, feel, sound等系动词后引导表语从句。
温馨提示：as if/though引导的从句有时用虚拟语气
①如果句子所述内容是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时, as if/though从句谓语动词用陈述语气。
②如果从句所述内容是不真实的或不可能发生或存在的情况时,as if/though从句谓语动词用虚拟语气, 即根据不同情况谓语动词用一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）、过去完成时（与过去事实相反）和would/could/might + 动词原形（与将来事实相反）。
even though (= even if) 意思是“即使，尽管，纵然”，引导让步状语从句。
【例句呈现】
Children universally prefer to live in peace and security, even if/though that means living with only one parent
孩子们普遍愿意过平静安宁的生活，即便这意味着只能与单亲生活在一起。
Even if/though you are on a fairly strict diet you can still go out for a good meal.
即使是在严格地节食，也可以出去吃顿好的。
Even if/though you have had a regular physical check-up recently, you should still seek a medical opinion.
即使近期做过一次常规体检，也应当征求医生的意见。
Nevertheless, it's good to know you've had good notices, even if/though you don't read them.
不过，即便你不看，知道有一些对你的好评也挺好。
Even if/Though I'm overstating the case for nutrition, at least it will result in the woman being in charge of her own symptoms
即便我夸大了营养的重要性，但至少它会让这个女人知道关注自己的症状。
Actually, there's no guarantee of success even if/though you can get the money.
实际上，即使你能得到那笔资金，也不一定会成功。
It felt as if/though we had reversed our roles of parent and child.
感觉就像我们父母和孩子交换了角色。
He looked as if/though nothing could faze him.
他显得镇静自若，遇事不惊。
It was uncanny really, almost as if/though she knew what I was thinking.
真是不可思议，她好像知道我在想什么似的。
He behaved as if/though nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
There was a huge bang as if/though someone had exploded a rocket outside.
突然一声巨响，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭似的。
Why must you do everything as if/though you have to win
你为什么做每件事情都跟你非要赢似的？
It sounds as if/though it is raining.
听起来像在下雨。
He talks as if/though he is drunk.
从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。
You look as if/though you didn’t care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talked as if/though he knew what had happened.
他说话的样子,好像他知道发生了什么事情。
He opened his mouth as if/though he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if/though it might snow.
看来好像要下雪了。
【考点过关】
用even though/if, as though/if填空
1. Old enemies can become new friends ______ all their national interests are not in complete accord.
2. The child talked to us ______ he were a grown-up.
3. I only take on work that excites me, ______ it means turning down lots of money
4. He talked about the Great Wall ______ he had been there before.
5. ______ you have dark skin, you still need protection from the sun.
6. The girl listened _______ she had been turned to stone.
7. _______ you did see someone, you can't be sure it was him.
8. He looked ______ he was ill.
9. _______ the weather's awful there's lots to do.
10. It seems ______ it is going to rain.
11. ______ I had the talent to play tennis I couldn't stand the pressure
12. The house looked ______ it was about to fall down.
13. She travels around the world ______ money is no object.
【参考答案】
1. even if/though; 2. as if/though; 3. even if/though; 4. as if/though; 5. Even if/Though; 6. as if/though; 7. Even if/Though; 8. as if/though; 9. Even if/Though; 10. as if/though; 11. Even if/Though; 12. as if/though; 13. as if/though
●no longer( = not… any longer), no more( = not…any more)
【教材原句】
I no longer felt the weight of my clothes, or of my shoes, of my air supply, or my thick helmet, inside which my head shook like a nut in its shell. (教材P57)
【辨析】
两者都有“不再”的意思，no more/not…any more与no longer/not…any longer同义，但用法有所区别。
no longer = not…any longer意思是“不再”，通常放在行为动词前，be动词的后面，往往表示某状态或某个动作在某个时刻之后不再继续下去了, 一般和延续性动词或表示状态的动词连用。
no more = not…any more意思是“不再”，通常放在be动词和行为动词之后，一般与瞬时动词或be 动词连用，往往表示程度或数量不再增加，次数不再重复。
温馨提示：not... any longer和not... any more中的not须和be动词或助动词连在一起构成否定形式，而any longer和any more则放在句尾。
【例句呈现】
Not wishing to antagonize her further, he said no more.
他不愿惹她更生气，便不再说话。
He promised there would be no more hesitations in pursuing reforms
他发誓，在致力于改革方面不再犹豫。
He could stand no more and engineered an escape
他无法再忍受，便策划了出逃。
Finally, he could do no more, which is where Jacques came in.
最后，他再也无能为力了，这也正是雅克发挥作用的时候。
Rudolph said no more. Apparently he was a man of few words.
鲁道夫没再说话。看来他是个寡言少语的人。
I'm no longer a student.
我不再是个学生了。
He no longer lives here. =he doesn't live here any longer.
他不在这儿居住了。
He was no longer a thief.
他不再是小偷了。
When there is no gravity, our feet no longer stay on the ground.
如果没有重力，我们的脚就不能再站稳在地面上。
She could no longer find a way to get into the valley.
她再也找不到进山谷的路了。
【考点过关】
根据no longer (= not…any longer) 和no more (= not….any more) 用法填空
1. Time or opportunity lost will return _______.
2. She could not keep up with him ________
3. We couldn't stand it ________.
4. These conditions _______ obtain.
5. I will say _______ on these matters, important though they are
6. The choice is _______ in their disposition.
7. I've had enough of your insolence, and I'm having _______.
8. Phonograph is _______ used nowadays.
9. This word is ______ in current use.
10. She _______ feared that they should misunderstand her.
【参考答案】
1. no more; 2. any longer; 3. any more; 4. no longer; 5. no more; 6. no longer; 7. no more; 8. no longer; 9. no longer; 10. no longer
PAGE
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●include; contain
【教材原句】
Last year, hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds, discomfort and danger. (教材P50)
【辨析】
两者都有“包含”的意思，但有一定区别。
include 表示“包括，包含，包括….在内”，强调被包括者是整体的一部分。include后面接名词，代词或动名词；被包括部分放在include 后面时，include 用-ing形式，放在前面时，include 用-ed形式
contain 表示“包含，含有，装有，容纳”，强调“内含（….成分），装有（….东西）”。
【例句呈现】
Your duties will include setting up a new computer system.
你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统.
I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.
包括元旦在内我有三天假。
The movie won nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture.
这部电影荣获九项奥斯卡金像奖，包括最佳影片奖。
Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday.
你度假的价款包括旅馆住宿在内。
Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.
暴乱中有六人死亡，包括一名警察。
We all went, me included.
我们都去了，连我在内。
The committee includes representatives from industry.
这个委员会包括产业界的代表。
Local activities include walking, boating and golf.
当地的活动包括散步、划船以及打高尔夫球。
The box contains old photographs and souvenirs.
那盒子里放有旧照片和纪念品。
It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种可以防止蚊虫叮咬的强效药物。
The bottle contains two glasses of beer.
这瓶子可装两杯啤酒。
The pill contains vitamins.
这药丸中含有多种维生素。
【考点过关】
根据include, contain 的用法用其适当形式填空
1. It was found that her blood _______ poison.
2. The city has dozens of factories, _______ a power plant and a steelworks.
3. This drink doesn't ________ any alcohol.
4. Six students were playing table tennis, two girls ________.
5. Their diet ________ a lot of fat at present.
6. I ________ apples on the list of things to buy today.
7. How much water does this bottle ________
8. We all know that this book _________ ten short stories.
9. Sea water _________ plenty of salt.
10. My uncle has a lot of duties, _________ taking care of these children.
【参考答案】
1. contained; 2. including; 3. contain; 4. included; 5. contains; 6. include; 7. contain; 8. includes; 9. contains; 10. including
●if（是否）; whether
【教材原句】
It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life. (教材P51)
【辨析】
两者都表示“是否”，但用法有一定区别。
if 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether.
whether①引导主语从句可位于句首，if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾, 用it 做形式主语放句首。②介词之后宾语从句只能用whether引导，不能用if。③whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句, if则不能。④whether可以和动词不定式连用，if 则不能。⑤在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中, 一般不用if 。whether和if都可用it作形式主语从句中。⑥在discuss/consider等某些动词之后，只能用whether，不能用if引导宾语从句。
【例句呈现】
I don’t know whether they will come or not.
我不知道他们是否回来。
I don’t know if / whether it will snow tomorrow.
我不知道明天是否会下雪。
Can you tell me whether to go swimming after supper
你能告诉我饭后去哪儿游泳吗？
I worry about whether he will be angry with me.
我担心他是否生我的气。
You should consider whether the car you are interested in is good value.
你应该考虑你感兴趣的小汽车是否有价值。
I can’t decide whether to stay.
我不能决定是否留下。
I want to know whether it’s good news or not.
我想知道是否是好消息。
His father is worried about whether he will lose his work.
他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.
他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
I want to know whether/if he lives there.
我想知道是否他住在那儿。
【考点过关】
用whether和if填空
1. He asked me _______ I could help him.
2. ______ the 2000 Olympic Games will be in Beijing is not known yet.
3. Success depends on _______ we make enough effort.
4. It's uncertain he'll come this evening.
5. The question is ________ it is not worth doing.
6. The question ________ the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.
7. We are uncertain Mary will come.
8. Please tell us ________ to go or stay here.
9. We discussed ________ we should close the shop.
10. He asked me _______ I hadn't finished my work.
11. I can't decide ________ to buy this pen or that one.
12. My question is _______ the Chinese team can go further.
13. _______ I can pass the exam isn’t clear.
【参考答案】
1. whether/if; 2. Whether; 3. whether; 4. whether/if; 5. whether; 6. whether; 7. whether/if; 8. whether; 9. whether; 10. if; 11. whether; 12. whether; 13. Whether
●attack; strike/hit (袭击)
【教材原句】
While attacking from the ship, Aronnax and Conseil, aloing with the whale hunter Ned Land, fall into the sea, and discover that the “creature” is actually a submarine. (教材P57)
【辨析】
三者都可表示 “袭击，攻击”， 但用法表达有一定区别；指“攻击、袭击”时，hit 与strike完全可以互换。
attack通常指有生命的人或物之间的攻击、袭击，如，人与人之间，人与动植物之间，动植物之间等。另外，attack也可表示通过舆论，言语，文字等对人、组织、国家、团体、政策和理论等进行抨击。这些攻击或袭击往往带有一定的目的性。既可以做名词也可以做动词。
温馨提示：强调心脏病的发作或袭击时，只能用attack.
hit/strike 通常指意外的自然灾害的袭击，如，台风，洪水，沙尘暴，飓风，暴风雪，地震，雷电等。
【例句呈现】
He has laid himself wide open to political attack.
他在政治上已经处于极易受到攻击的境地。
Your father is an obvious candidate for a heart attack.
你父亲显然是容易患心脏病的人。
They aimed to make the country safe from terrorist attacks.
他们力图使国家免遭恐怖分子的袭击。
His research work was attacked by animal rights activists.
他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
The white blood cells attack cells infected with an invader.
白细胞攻击受到感染的细胞。
He was walking along the road when he was attacked by a dog.
他正在路边散步，突然遭到了一只狗的袭击。
The man attacked me for no apparent reason.
那个人不知何故攻击我。
The strong wind hit/struck him as he turned the corner.
在街角一拐弯处，狂风就向他袭来。
The chances are a million to one against being struck/hit by lightning.
遭雷击的可能性是微乎其微的。
Spain was one of countries hit/struck hardest by the hurricane.
西班牙是遭受这次飓风打击最严重的国家之一。
【考点过关】
用attack和hit/strike适当形式填空
1. The heavy sandstorm _______ a city in the west, and 50 people were seriously wounded the day before yesterday.
2. The police said the _______ from elephants was an isolated incident.
3. A blast of hot air ________ us as we stepped off the plane.
4. The article was a savage ________ on the government's record.
5. Last year a serious flood ________ the whole country.
6. People who are overweight run a risk of a heart _______ or stroke.
7. After being _______ by another bear, the old man lifted his gun.
8. The country ________ by the earthquake is Japan.
9. The opposition leader _______ the government by writing many articles last year.
10. A snowstorm ________ all the villages in that area last month.
【参考答案】
1. hit/struck; 2. attack; 3. hit/struck; 4. attack; 5. hit/struck; 6. attack; 7. attacked; 8. hit/struck; 9. attacked; 10. hit/struck
●in order to do sth; so as to do sth.
【教材原句】
In order to keep this secret, Captain Nemo tells his three newest passengers that they are not permitted to leave the submarine. (教材P57)
【辨析】
两者都可以作目的状语，一般情况下没有什么区别, 常可互换使用, 但用法有细微区别。
in order to do sth. 引导的目的状语既可以放句首，也可以放句尾，位置较为灵活。
so as to do sth. 引导的目的状语只能放在句尾，不能位于句首。
温馨提示：
①两者的否定式: in order not to do sth.; so as not to do sth.
② 两者的复合结构: in order for sb. to do/so as for sb. to do （当不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,必须用其复合结构）。
【例句呈现】
He arrived early in order to/so as to get a good seat.
他很早到达了以便找到好座位。
In order to arrive before dark, we started early.
为了天黑前到达，我们很早就出发了。
You'd better check the names once again so as to avoid mistakes.
你最好再检查一下名字，以免搞错。
The test questions are kept secret so as to prevent cheating.
试题要保密，以免泄密。
I got up early in order to catch the first bus.
为了赶上第一班公交车，我起得很早。
I got up early in order not to miss the first bus.
为了不错过第一班公交车，我起得很早。
I woke him early in order for him not to miss the first bus.
我把他早早叫醒，为的是不让他错过第一班车。
He started early so as to be there on time.
他出发很早，以便准时赶到那里。
【考点过关】
根据in order to do sth. 和 so as to do sth. 用法填空
1. We first need to understand the current usage scenarios and analyze the resulting performance problems _______ to do the correct performance correcting actions.
2. He started early _______ not to be late for school.
3. Zhang Yang’s mother woke him early _______ for him not to be late for work.
4. And _______ to do that, I need to talk about mice a little bit.
5. So, ______to do that, the technology has to be just as much human as it is artificial.
6. The purpose of these practices is to make athletes have a quicker recovery after training _______ to do their future study and training well.
【参考答案】
1. in order/so as; 2. in order/so as; 3. in order/so as; 4. in order; 5. in order; 6. in order/so as
●adapt, adopt
【教材原句】
In this part adapted from a chapter of the book, Aronnax describes the experience of walking on the sea bed….. (教材P57)
【辨析】
两者词形相似，但意义和用法完全不同。
adapt 修改，改装；改编，改写（使适应新用途或新情况）, 常构成以下结构：
adapt sth. for sth. 改编/改装/修改使用于……
adapt oneself to sth. 使某人适应….
adapt sth. from sth. 从….改编某物, 被动结构为: sth. be adapted from….
adapt to…. 适应…..
adopt 采纳，采用，采取；接受，批准；收养, 领养
【例句呈现】
We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
Three of her novels have been adapted for television.
她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
这些工具多数已经过特别改装，供残疾人使用。
They have had to adapt themselves to a war economy.
他们不得不适应战时经济。
The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change
世界会变得不同，我们必须做好准备以适应其变化。
Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office.
为将图书馆改作办公室而做了一些架子。
Many corporate methods have been adopted by American managers in imitation of Japanese practice.
美国的管理人员效仿日本人的做法，采用了很多经营公司的方法。
She was a wonderful mother to both her natural and adopted children.
她对亲生的和领养的孩子一样好。
The company has adopted a firm policy on shoplifting.
那家公司对店内行窃采取了严厉的措施。
If you want to improve your situation you must adopt a positive mental attitude.
如果你打算改变自己的境遇，就必须树立一种积极的心态。
【考点过关】
用adapt和adopt的适当形式填空
1. Pupils should be helped to ________ a positive approach to the environment.
2. Recently, the film _______ from a play of the same title.
3. She produced a TV series about _______ children.
4. So far, he _______ the play for the screen.
5. She was forced to have her baby _______.
6. Mary has tried to _______ to local customs.
7. All three teams _______ different approaches to the problem yesterday.
8. It is through our nervous system that we _______ ourselves to our environment.
9. Obviously, a more objective method of description must _______.
10. Although these vegetables _______ well to our temperate climate, they tend to crop poorly.
【参考答案】
1. adopt; 2. has been adapted; 3. adopted; 4. has adapted; 5. adopted; 6. adapt; 7. adopted; 8. adapt; 9. be adopted; 10. adapt
●as if (= as though) ; even though (= even if)
【教材原句】
Conseil and I remained near each other, as if an exchange of words had been possible through our metal cases. (教材P57)
【辨析】
两者都可以引导状语从句，但意思完全不同。
as if (= as though) 意思是“仿佛，好像”，引导方式状语从句；在look, seem, feel, sound等系动词后引导表语从句。
温馨提示：as if/though引导的从句有时用虚拟语气
①如果句子所述内容是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时, as if/though从句谓语动词用陈述语气。
②如果从句所述内容是不真实的或不可能发生或存在的情况时,as if/though从句谓语动词用虚拟语气, 即根据不同情况谓语动词用一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反）、过去完成时（与过去事实相反）和would/could/might + 动词原形（与将来事实相反）。
even though (= even if) 意思是“即使，尽管，纵然”，引导让步状语从句。
【例句呈现】
Children universally prefer to live in peace and security, even if/though that means living with only one parent
孩子们普遍愿意过平静安宁的生活，即便这意味着只能与单亲生活在一起。
Even if/though you are on a fairly strict diet you can still go out for a good meal.
即使是在严格地节食，也可以出去吃顿好的。
Even if/though you have had a regular physical check-up recently, you should still seek a medical opinion.
即使近期做过一次常规体检，也应当征求医生的意见。
Nevertheless, it's good to know you've had good notices, even if/though you don't read them.
不过，即便你不看，知道有一些对你的好评也挺好。
Even if/Though I'm overstating the case for nutrition, at least it will result in the woman being in charge of her own symptoms
即便我夸大了营养的重要性，但至少它会让这个女人知道关注自己的症状。
Actually, there's no guarantee of success even if/though you can get the money.
实际上，即使你能得到那笔资金，也不一定会成功。
It felt as if/though we had reversed our roles of parent and child.
感觉就像我们父母和孩子交换了角色。
He looked as if/though nothing could faze him.
他显得镇静自若，遇事不惊。
It was uncanny really, almost as if/though she knew what I was thinking.
真是不可思议，她好像知道我在想什么似的。
He behaved as if/though nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
There was a huge bang as if/though someone had exploded a rocket outside.
突然一声巨响，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭似的。
Why must you do everything as if/though you have to win
你为什么做每件事情都跟你非要赢似的？
It sounds as if/though it is raining.
听起来像在下雨。
He talks as if/though he is drunk.
从他说话的样子来看他是醉了。
You look as if/though you didn’t care.
你看上去好像并不在乎。
He talked as if/though he knew what had happened.
他说话的样子,好像他知道发生了什么事情。
He opened his mouth as if/though he would say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
It looks as if/though it might snow.
看来好像要下雪了。
【考点过关】
用even though/if, as though/if填空
1. Old enemies can become new friends ______ all their national interests are not in complete accord.
2. The child talked to us ______ he were a grown-up.
3. I only take on work that excites me, ______ it means turning down lots of money
4. He talked about the Great Wall ______ he had been there before.
5. ______ you have dark skin, you still need protection from the sun.
6. The girl listened _______ she had been turned to stone.
7. _______ you did see someone, you can't be sure it was him.
8. He looked ______ he was ill.
9. _______ the weather's awful there's lots to do.
10. It seems ______ it is going to rain.
11. ______ I had the talent to play tennis I couldn't stand the pressure
12. The house looked ______ it was about to fall down.
13. She travels around the world ______ money is no object.
【参考答案】
1. even if/though; 2. as if/though; 3. even if/though; 4. as if/though; 5. Even if/Though; 6. as if/though; 7. Even if/Though; 8. as if/though; 9. Even if/Though; 10. as if/though; 11. Even if/Though; 12. as if/though; 13. as if/though
●no longer( = not… any longer), no more( = not…any more)
【教材原句】
I no longer felt the weight of my clothes, or of my shoes, of my air supply, or my thick helmet, inside which my head shook like a nut in its shell. (教材P57)
【辨析】
两者都有“不再”的意思，no more/not…any more与no longer/not…any longer同义，但用法有所区别。
no longer = not…any longer意思是“不再”，通常放在行为动词前，be动词的后面，往往表示某状态或某个动作在某个时刻之后不再继续下去了, 一般和延续性动词或表示状态的动词连用。
no more = not…any more意思是“不再”，通常放在be动词和行为动词之后，一般与瞬时动词或be 动词连用，往往表示程度或数量不再增加，次数不再重复。
温馨提示：not... any longer和not... any more中的not须和be动词或助动词连在一起构成否定形式，而any longer和any more则放在句尾。
【例句呈现】
Not wishing to antagonize her further, he said no more.
他不愿惹她更生气，便不再说话。
He promised there would be no more hesitations in pursuing reforms
他发誓，在致力于改革方面不再犹豫。
He could stand no more and engineered an escape
他无法再忍受，便策划了出逃。
Finally, he could do no more, which is where Jacques came in.
最后，他再也无能为力了，这也正是雅克发挥作用的时候。
Rudolph said no more. Apparently he was a man of few words.
鲁道夫没再说话。看来他是个寡言少语的人。
I'm no longer a student.
我不再是个学生了。
He no longer lives here. =he doesn't live here any longer.
他不在这儿居住了。
He was no longer a thief.
他不再是小偷了。
When there is no gravity, our feet no longer stay on the ground.
如果没有重力，我们的脚就不能再站稳在地面上。
She could no longer find a way to get into the valley.
她再也找不到进山谷的路了。
【考点过关】
根据no longer (= not…any longer) 和no more (= not….any more) 用法填空
1. Time or opportunity lost will return _______.
2. She could not keep up with him ________
3. We couldn't stand it ________.
4. These conditions _______ obtain.
5. I will say _______ on these matters, important though they are
6. The choice is _______ in their disposition.
7. I've had enough of your insolence, and I'm having _______.
8. Phonograph is _______ used nowadays.
9. This word is ______ in current use.
10. She _______ feared that they should misunderstand her.
【参考答案】
1. no more; 2. any longer; 3. any more; 4. no longer; 5. no more; 6. no longer; 7. no more; 8. no longer; 9. no longer; 10. no longer
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